GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING OF BHUBANESWARDR. BN COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE NAME: ANU OM ALREJA CLASS: FOURTH YEAR B.ARCH ROLL NO.: 2 SUBJECT: TOWN PLANNING YEAR: 2009 – 2010 EXAMINATION NO.: Growth, development and planning of Bhubaneswar: A city in eastern India Orissa was constituted as the eleventh province of British India in 1936. The need for a new capital was immediately evident. Before it became the capital of Orissa in 1948, Bhubaneswar had been a temple town and an important Hindu cultural and religious center to followers of Buddhism, Jainism, Shaivism, and Vaishnavism. The presence of so many different religions in fact gave the city its pluralistic character, one of the factors responsible for its eventual selection as the capital city. The city of Bhubaneswar is well known all over the country as a historical, cultural, religious cum tourist centre — enriched with a large number of ancient temples, distinguished in Location of Odisha and its capital, Bhubaneswar in India indigenous sculpture, art and architecture. In the post independence period (1954), the town was redesignated as the new capital of Orissa State and made the administrative headquarters of the state. Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Orissa. Once the capital of ancient Kalinga, the city has a long history of 3000 years and is today a center of economic and religious importance. Historically Bhubaneswar has been known by different names such as Toshali, Kalinga Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, Ekamra Kanan, Ekamra Khetra and Mandira Malinya Nagari. Bhubaneswar derives its name from Lord Tribhuvaneswar, or the God of ―Three Worlds‖.The modern city of Bhubaneswar was designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1946. It became the political capital of the state of Orissa in 1948, a year after India gained its independence from Britain. Before Bhubaneswar, Cuttack was the capital of Orissa until 1947. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack are together Location of Bhubaneswar in Odisha 2 known as the "twin cities" of Orissa. With its large number of Hindu temples, Bhubaneswar is often referred to as a Temple City of India. These temples span the entire history of Kalinga architechture. The German planner Otto Koenigsberger was hired to implement the design of the new capital city. Koenigsberger and the Oriyas disagreed broadly in concept, with Koenigsberger perceiving the development of New Bhubaneswar along secular lines. He saw a flourishing city with political autonomy, organized commercial relationships, and brave new architecture that could accommodate the requirements of modern life. In contrast, the Oriyas wanted the city to retain its close relationship to its religious past. As a result, the conflicting concepts of temple town and capital city struggled for dominance. In the end, even though Koenigsberger provided a master plan, the developments in Bhubaneswar were carried out by British-trained Indians eager to find their own identity. The final shape and style of Bhubaneswar, bear the imprint of Indian religion as much as that of Western rationalism. Modern Bhubaneswar was originally planned by Otto Königsberger to be a well planned city with wide roads and many gardens and parks. Though part of the city has stayed faithful to the plan, it has grown rapidly over the last few decades and has made the planning process unwieldy. Otto H. Königsberger (13 October 1908 – 3 January 1999) was a German architect who worked mainly in urban development planning. He was born in Berlin in 1908, and trained as an architect there at the Technical University, graduating 1931. In 1939 he was appointed chief architect and planner to Mysore State, India. His buildings during this period include the Indian Institute of Science (1943-44) and Victory Hall (1946) in Bangalore, and the town plan for Bhubaneswar. After Indian Independence he became he became director of housing for the Indian Ministry of Health from 1948 to 1951, working on resettling those displaced by partition. In 1953 he moved to London. Königsberger taught that town planners in the developing world should be prepared to dynamically adapt their plans, and involve local communities and techniques, as 3 opposed to imposing a static master plan based on Western ideas – an approach he called Action Planning.s Bhubaneswar forms one of the vertices of the Golden Triangle the other two being the cities of Puri and Konark. The area is attractive to tourists for its spiritual significance to Hindus. Bhubaneswar is situated between 21° 15' North Latitude 85° 15' Longitude and at an altitude of 45 meters above sea level. Geographically, Bhubaneswar is situated in the eastern coastal plains of Orissa and south-west of the Mahanadi River. Khandagiri and the Udayagiri hills are located in the outskirts of the city. The city is subdivided into a number of townships and housings. Economy Bhubaneswar was meant to house the state's machinery and hence was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The city's economy had few major players till the 1990s and was dominated by Public Sector Units, retail and small scale manufacturing. Jaydev Vihar Interchange The city accounts for almost all of the IT revenue of Orissa and is one of the fastest growing regions in India in this sector. The city is home to around 40 engineering colleges (as of 2009) and the number is growing every year. DLF Limited is developing an Infopark spread over an area of 54 acres in the city. Despite this rapid growth, a large number of the populace live in slums and are below the poverty line. Migration from rural areas, especially from the northern districts of Andhra Pradesh, has led to the growth of slums which are a major challenge to the city's growth. The slum dwellers work as auto rickshaw drivers or small vendors but this is not true for everyone. A lot of them are unemployed and are being drawn into crime. Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fastest growing IT and semiconductor hubs of India. The Government has fostered growth in this sphere by the development of IT Parks such as Infocity 1 and the new Infocity 2. The Info City was conceived as a five star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create high quality infrastructure facilities for setting up Information Technology related industries. Transport Bhubaneswar has air and rail linkages with most major cities in India. Biju Patnaik Airport, managed by Airports Authority of India, is the only major airport in the state; an international airport is planned for 2010. In addition to air transport, Bhubaneswar is well-connected to other major Indian cities by a good networks of highways. The National Highway 5, connecting Kolkata and Chennai passes through the city and is one of India's premier highways being part of the 'Golden Quadrilateral' network. An Airside view of Biju Patnaik Airport It is also the headquarters of the East Coast Railways and is connected extensively with all corners of India. Plans are ongoing to have a Monorail system in Bhubaneswar. 4 Education Bhubaneswar is emerging as a national education hub, that is also being promoted as an Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR) by the government. A total of 40 km2 of land has been allocated for the purpose, out of which about 60% will be devoted to research and development. Two institutions of national importance, the IIT and NISER, Bhubaneswar will be located within this investment region. Demographics As of India's 2008 census, Bhubaneswar has a population of 10,00,000. As per the estimate of IIT Kharagpur, which made a comprehensive development plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban complex, the metro area of Bhubaneswar has a population of 19,00,000. As per the census, Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. In 2001, the city had an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 65.4%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar is a premier business school in India Odisha Secretariat Sports Bhubaneswar's main sporting stadium is the Kalinga Stadium. It has facilities for athletics, football, hockey, basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming. The newly constructed Railway Cricket Stadium is the biggest in Eastern India with a radius of 81 mtrs. Culture Bhubaneswar is a happy combination of old world charms and new world comforts. While the ancient city is 2600 years old, the modern city came into existence in 1948 as the new Capital of Orissa. Bhubaneswar at one point in time is supposed to have had over a thousand temples. Although a large number of temples have given way for urban infrastructure, Bhubaneswar still abounds in temples of various deities. This has earned it the tag of the Temple City. One can study the chronological development of temple architecture from the beginning in the 7th Century AD to its culmination in the 13th Century A.D. It is a centre of art and craft, and is known for its rich heritage and cultural background. Numerous temples, caves, religious ponds etc. propagating faiths of Hinduism, Buddhism, 5 Vaishnavism, Jainism speak not only of the wealth and prosperity of the people of the past but also of their masterly engineering skill and superb architecture in stone. The most famous ones are Lingaraj Temple, Lakshmanesvara group of temples, Parasuramesvara Temple, Svarnajalesvra Temple, Muktesvara Temple, Rajarani Temple, Vaital Temple, Brhamesvara temple, Meghesvara temple, Vaskaresvara Temple, Ananta Vasudeva Temple, Sari Temple, Kapilesvara Temple, Markandesvara temple, Yamesvara temple, Chitrakarini temple, Sisiresvara Temple. Apart from these temples, Bhubaneswar has the oldest rock-cut caves in Khandagiri, Udayagiri once inhabited by Jain monks and Dhauli where Ashokan inscriptions are engraved. Now, there stands a Peace Pagoda built by the Japanese monks, popularly known as the white dome of peace. Apart from the ancient temples few other important temples were built in recent times that isncludes Ram Mandir, ISKON etc. The Lingaraj Temple towers above the cityscape and is visible from far. Careful conservation has helped save many of these symbols of Oriya culture. Udaygiri Artwork on Lingaraj temple Dhauli The Ekamra Haat is the popular handloom and handicrafts market that was constructed recently to popularise them. Similarly SRJAN, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra the legendary Odissi dancer is located here. The Rabindra Mandap in central Bhubaneswar plays host to a number of cultural engagements and it also has a modern amphitheatre to host theatre and private functions. Ekamrahat Environment The government has introduced the concept of special vending zones to prevent hawkers from operating on the main streets and at the same time not destroying their source of livelihood. This has drawn high praise from experts who have hailed it as an innovation in urban development. Cleanliness has also been given a lot of attention and Bhubaneswar is one of the very few cities in India to have dustbins almost every 200 metres along all stretches of roads.However large infrastructure projects which are vital for Bhubaneswar to flourish for eg- flyover over Rajmahal Sqr, road widening initiatives etc have caused certain degree of environmental 6 damage and these need to be compensated with even further stress on tree-plantation. The railway station of Bhubaneswar has been given a much desired facelift. Moreover large scale tree plantation and beautiful landscaping has been undertaken alongside all major roads to give bhubaneswar a much desired facelift. Massive tree-plantation is undertaken each year during the monsoons. Large parks have also been developed which serve not only as green lungs but also as a source of recreation for the denizens. Indira Park, Biju Pattnaik Park, Ekamra Kanan, M.G Park etc located within the heart of the city are some of the larger parks that enhance the beauty of Bhubaneswar manifold. Perspective Plan – VISION 2030 and Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex: 7 A memorandum of understanding was signed where The Housing and Urban Development Department, Government of Orissa assigned the task of preparing Perspective Plan Vision 2030 and Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar - Cuttack Urban Complex, to the Department of Architecture and Regional Planning IIT Kharagpur, for the holistic and integrated development for the region. Planning Region Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex comprises two major urban centers namely Cuttack, the erstwhile state capital and Bhubaneswar, the present state capital. The former is a traditional Indian town organically developed over time, while the latter was conceived as a modern new town based on neighborhood planning concept by the internationally acclaimed urban planner, Otto. H. Koenigsbarger. In and around Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, few Class II and Class III towns have flourished having strategic importance in the functioning of the Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex, namely Khurda, Jatani and Choudwar. The total planning area stretches over an area of 720 sq. km. with a total population of 1.58 million (Census, 2001) Cuttack, with an area of 195 sq.km and population of 0.64 million, had been the nerve center for trade and commerce for the state. The port of Paradeep, located 70 kms away from the city of Cuttack provides an excellent opportunity as industrial destination based on port transshipment functions. It has been noticed that during the last decade the growth of Cuttack city is slow due to its spatial restrictions on its future growth directions as well as its unplanned city structure. The Bhubaneswar region, conceived after independence, has experienced tremendous growth. Administrative and institutional activities have contributed to the increase in the volume of trade and commerce activity. Bhubaneswar, well connected with the city of Cuttack (30 kms) through rail and road linkages (NH-5 and Howrah-Chennai Rail route), has tremendous potential to act as a complimentary growth center to Kolkata in the Eastern Region for trade and commerce. Moreover, the ancient temples and religious monuments dating from 3rd century B.C. to 15th century A.D. as well as the proximity to the historical cities of Puri and Konark offers tremendous opportunity to develop Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex as a strategic node for tourist destinations. The emergence of new academic and other institutional activities, corporate functions will further add to this growth momentum. In 2001, the population of Bhubaneswar was 0.74 million, housing nearly 11 percent of the urban population in the State. The city having an area of 332 sq.km, is bounded by River Daya and River Kuakhai in the south and west respectively. Nandan Kanan, a famous wild life sanctuary is located in the north of the city, whereas reserve forests lie on the west. The present and future of Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex is intertwined with the level of overall development of the state. A brief look into the demographic and socio-economic profile of the state indicates that this state is one of the least urbanized among the major states of India (14.7 % of the state population resides in urban areas). 70 percent of the state population is engaged in agrarian activities. However, the state has the third lowest population growth rate among all the states. The literacy rate is marginally lower than the national mark. Development of Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex, if efficiently and equitably managed, will trigger collateral development of its adjoining hinterland, which in turn would help raise the level of overall welfare in this part of the region. 8 The anticipated growth in the coming years with their physical manifestation and growing urban population are likely to exert tremendous pressure on the existing resources, necessitating planned interventions in the region. VISION-2030 The Vision for the planning area perceived around the following core ideas: 1. Cuttack and Bhubaneswar as twin cities in COMPLEMENTARY role. 2. Transformation of the Bhubaneswar - Cuttack Urban Complex to a world class urban centre as an important gate way for national and international investments. 3. Promotion of cultural, built and natural heritage in a sustainable manner. The road map to achieve the vision includes the following: Generation of higher service facilities for attracting various developmental activities, investors and industrial houses. Generation of facilities and activities to support small investor, informal sectors and slum inhabitants and rural migrants. Improvement of the Transport Network system for faster communication and high standard linkages between the growth centers and their rural hinterlands. 9 Provision of decent housing for all sections of people living in the region. Transformation of the whole region to a pollution free zone with conservation of biodiversity and environment. Management of the natural and human resources for followed development. Framing of land policies and development proposals for eradicating bottlenecks for future development. Formulation of Disaster Management Policies to tackle natural hazards. Provision of high levels of physical and social infrastructure ensuring safe drinking water, improved sanitation, well distributed education, health, recreation and cultural facilities. Conversion of the region to a learning and cultural centre for the state as well as nation. Transformation of the region to a hub of tourism through preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage, with high standard facilities and convenience. Designing an effective development control mechanism with a high value of public serviceability. Reenergizing the institutional and administrative system to manage future urban development in the region. Suggestive Projects Zones for multiplex, Retail-malls and theme parks for outdoor recreation. Film city development with ample natural resources and back up from Orissan film industry with necessary infrastructure. Logistic Hub for the prime urban centers. Textile parks with cottages and medium scale industries for local specialized weaving art. Development of another major Railway Station, to cater to the trains for Western Orissa Circular Trains for cheaper mass transportation within urban areas. Upgrading the existing Airport for tourists and higher officials for government and private sectors in the capital city. Multi level Freeways for better accessibility with all roadside modern facilities ( Private Sector participation). World Class Club-towns. Flood management plan for Cuttack with innovative technology (Venice Model). Garland Lake System to develop and protect the water bodies in the region. Major organized open spaces like, urban squares, ceremonial / recreational grounds, and permanent fair grounds as image developers. Health city/ Education city/ Software parks etc (new urban districts). Waterfront development with landscape conservation. Travel Circuit (Architecture/Archeology/Religious) with facilities like ―Palace on Wheels‖ for international and national tourists. ―Utkal Sanskriti Prangan‖ – A representational centre of traditional art and culture, craft, cuisine, living style, fair and facilities of Orissa at Bhubaneswar. Development of Traditional Art Village (Paper/Cloth/Silver/Pottery) in the line of ―Arts Acre‖ in the peri-urban areas of Bhubaneswar. Adventure tourism for Reserve forest/ Nature Study camp areas for rare natural species zone. Development of Nature Corridors –to provide a feel of flora and fauna in the urban setup. Area development of Lingaraj temple and Bindu Sagar with new allied activities. 10 PROPOSED ROAD NETWORK 11 Development Goals Socially Beneficial Regionally Contextual Environmentally sustainable Financially Viable Institutionally Executable Politically Acceptable Major Stakeholders The People Govt. of Orissa, Directorate of Town Planning Bhubaneswar Development Authority Cuttack Development Authority Municipalities and Corporations Zilla Parishads District Functionaries Representatives of Industries and Chamber of Commerce Foreign Investors Representatives of NGOs and CBOs Other Government Departments – GSI, ASI, IMD, ORSAC etc Interest Groups like BDA, CDA, Directorate of T&CP Developers & Entrepreneurs Government Departments Administrators & Judiciaries Funding Agencies N.G.O’s & Academic Institutions Eminent Experts – Technocrats, Scientists, Intellectuals Media IIT Kharagpur – Planning Consultant Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation About Bhubaneswar Av. Elevation 45 M above mean Sea Level. Average Rain Fall 1470 mm No of Wards Municipal Area 47 135 Sq. Km. Development Area 233 Sq. Km. Population No. of Slums 6,47,302 ( as per 2001 Census ) 190 12 Slum Population Languages Climate 2 lakhs (approx.) Oriya, Hindi, English, Bengali and Telugu. Tropical (Temperature- Max-460 C and Min- 100 C) BMC Profile District State Country Area Height from Sea Level Population No. of Wards No. of Revenue villages No. of Houses assessed to Tax Head Office Officers Quarters Staff Quarters Slum Quarters Primary Schools M.E.School High Schools Public Library Hospital Allopathic Dispensary Homeopathic Dispensary Market Sulabha Sauchalaya Public Toilet Public Urinal Khordha Orissa India 135 Sq.km 45 Mtrs. 6.57 lakhs ( as per 2001 census) 47 46 65,000 ( approximately) 1 4 181 187 9 1 7 1 1 5 11 13 11 6 9 Public Park Ponds Fountain Bacteria free Cold Drinking Water Supply System Water Supply Centre Water Supply Pump House Angana Wadi Centre Balwadi Centre Burial Ground & Crematorium Veterinary Dispensary Kine House Slaughter House Temple Club Kalyan Mandap Jatri Niwas Working Women’s Hostel Length of Drain Town Buses Street Light Points Slums Library Kiosks B.M.C Park 7 20 3 4 5 10 111 7 1 1 3 1 3 4 6 1 1 541.60 9 15422 nos ( 4686 S.V.Lamp) 190 1 35 6 Total Road Length 915.12 Kms. Black Topped Cement Concrete Metalled Un-metalled Earthen 563.39 51.00 181.75 67.12 51.86 13 BHUBANESWAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION BOUNDED BY North Side East Side Daruthenga, Raghunathpur, Kalarahanga, Injena, Rokata, Krushna Saranapur, Barimunda, Kacharamala. Janmejayapur,Bhimpur,Jaganathpur, Saleswar, Andilo, Kuakhairiver, Koradakanta, Kesura, Bankual, Basuaghai, Raghunathpur. Daya River, Kukudaghai, Mohanpur, Dihapur, Balabhadrapur, Erabanga, Kochilaput,Bahadalpur,Sarankantar,Raysinghpur, Papada, Sankarpur, Kaikarapur. Nuagan, Malipada, Andharua, Jaganathprasada,Sundarpur,Patha-rgadia. South Side West Side REVENUE VILLAGES INSIDE B.M.C LIMITS 1. Kapilprasad, 2. Kapileswar, 3. Kalaraput, 4. Gobinda Prasad, 5. Gadagopinathprasad, 6.Gadakana, 7. Chandrasekharpur, 8. Charbatia, 9. Jagamara, 10. Jharpada, 11. Damana, 12. Nuagan, 13. Nayapalli, 14. Pandara, 15. Pokhariput, 16. Badagada ( east), 17. Badagada (west ) 18. Baramunda, 19. Bamikhal, 20. Berana, 21. Bhimpur, 22. Bhubaneswar, 23. Rampur Patna, 24. Laxmisagar Patna, 25. Laxmisagar, 26. Siripur, 27. Sundarpada, 28. Haripur Patna, 29. Jokalandi, 30. Bharatpur, 31. Jadupur, 32. Begunia, 33. Dumuduma, 34. Patia, 35. Sampur, 36. Ghatikia, 37. Iginia, 38. Mancheswar, 39. Naharkanta, 40. Haridashpur, 41. Nakhara, 42. Banguari, 43. Pahala, 44. Johala, 45. Rudrapur, 46. Jayapur. Population of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation 1951 16512 1961 38211 1971 105491 1981 227525 1991 423465 2001 647302 2005 8 Lakhs ( Approximately) Ratio of Men and Women 1000 : 752 % of increase +108 % of Educated 70.63% Population Graph Population 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2005 Population 14 WARD MAP OF BMC Bhubaneswar Development Authority BDA is the acronym that stands for Bhubaneswar Development Authority, the agency created to promote and look after the construction activities of the Capital city. Since its inception, Bhubaneswar Development Authority has been undertaking endeavors to promote and secure its planned development, for beautification of the city and providing housing projects and residential plots to all categories of the populace. Besides providing homes to thousands of 15 people in the city, the authority plays a significant role in preparing the plan, policies, and proposals for undertaking the orderly yet rapid development of the city. The vision document for Bhubaneswar Cuttack Urban complex i.e. VISION - 2030 by IIT-Kharagpur will be a path finder to build the capital city as one of the beautiful places to live. Proposed Land use Plan for Bhubaneswar Mouza 16 Population Growth As per the 2001 census, Bhubaneswar is classified as a Class-I town, where as Khurda and Jatni are classified as Class-III towns of the state. As per the present census, this urban complex constitutes 11.79% of the total urban population of the state. The Population growth of BDA area from 1981 to 2006 is shown in the following table. SL Urban & Rural Area 1981 1991 2001 2006 No 1 2 3 4 BMC Kurdha Municipality Jatani Municipality Rural Area Total 2,19,211 22,386 41,755 90,435 3,73,787 4,11,542 30,591 50,116 95,772 5,88,021 6,58,220 39,054 57,957 88,636 8,43,867 8,20,200 40,000 70,000 1,10,000 10,40,000 Source: Draft Perspective Plan,Bhubaneswarâ€―Cuttack urban complex, IIT, Kharagpur â€―2007 Infrastructure Second planned city in the country Excellent air, road and railway connectivity Availability of plug and play space Attractive land rates Abudant power supply Great connective on demand data communication bandwidth Quality of Life A city with cosmopolitan culture and safe living environment Quality education centers with top-notch schools and college Excellent residential facilities within 5 kms of the work place Pollution free environment and very economical real estate String of efficiently managed hospitals Most economical capital in mainland India in terms of cost of living Living conditions with excellent ambience compared to Metros Recreational facilities including parks and entertainment outlets Star hotels,restaurants,discos,shopping malls pubs and cafes Pristine beaches, waterfalls and abudant weekend getways Business Environment IT majors in Bhubaneswar include the big shots like Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Satyam and many more Unprecedented level of FDI and domestic investments in steel and mining and petrochemical sector POSCO setting up a Steel plant in Orissa - the Largest FDI in the history of India Active industry assosiations like CII and UCCI Condctive and peaceful industrial climate Excellent banking facilities Stock exchange and online trading counters 17 Talent Bhubaneswar-boasts of tech and B-Schoo ls ranked among Top 50 More than 18,000 Engg.,MCA & MBA graduates pass out every year Most preferred IT destination for talent in the entire eastern region Reputed corporate houses regularly recruit software personnel through in campus placements at a large number of capuses Lower wages compared to other tier-II cities Attrition rate of IT personnel lowest in the country Good number of goverment supported institutes imparting BPO/ITES training Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA) was constituted in the year 1983 under the provisions of the Orissa Development Authorities (ODA) Act, 1982 taking 115 revenue villages of Bhubaneswar , Khurda and Jatni area under its jurisdiction. During last decades, the city of Bhubaneswar has undergone rapid economic, demographic and industrial growth. In order to accommodate such growth, 58 more revenue villages were added to the area of the Authority over the years. At present, the development area spreads over an area of 393.57 sq. km. Development area Bhubaneswar East Kuakhai New Area Khurda Jatani Total BDA area Villages covered 106 8 50 9 13 186 Area in sq km 233.300 13.970 91.950 29.270 25.080 393.570 Map showing area of jurisdiction Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) of Bhubaneswar The CDP prepared for Bhubaneswar in the year 1994 recommended various aspects of future development like housing, trade and commerce, road network, drainage, sewerage, water 18 supply, power supply, mass transportation, open space, recreational activities, industry, conservation of heritage and improvement of environment through plantation. The CDP has also proposed a land use plan to guide the development activity in a planned manner. The CDP area includes 106 revenue villages which extends over 233.30 sq km. The proposed land use as per approved CDP is described below. Sl. No 1 2 3 Land use Residential Commercial Industrial Institutional & other utilities 4 Administrative 5 Open space 6 Transportation & communication 7 Waterbody(river,lake/floodprone) 8 Drainage channel 9 Green belt Grand Total Area in Acs. 18850 1235 1465 1779 725 3443 4728 8455 648 16288 57616 Percentage 32.72 2.14 2.54 1.25 3.09 5.97 8.21 14.67 1.10 28.31 100.00 Bhubaneswar CDP Area Showing Existing and Proposed Road Network 19 Plan Proposal Perspective plan - Vision 2030 The Bhubaneswar - Cuttack urban complex has evolved functionally as an important urban region accommodating 29% of urban population of the state. To guide its growth trend and to trigger a systematic process of balance development in the future, it was felt necessary to prepare a "vision document". This vision document which will be in the form of a Perspective Plan, will primarily focus on formulating long term strategies encompassing physical, social, economic and institutional dimensions of development. The Authority is actively coordinating with I.I.T, Kharagpur in the preparation of Perspective Plan. For the first time, this development plan is being prepared with the help of G.I.S. technology and satellite imagery. Orissa Remote Sensing Application Center (ORSAC) has also prepared a base map on the basis of recent satellite imagery for this project. The IIT has also conducted a detail socio-economic survey for generating various inputs for preparation of the Plan In the meantime, IIT Kharagpur has submitted the status report and draft Perspective Plan Vision-2030 of Bhubaneswar—Cuttack urban complex. Satellite Town Ship With the incorporation of new areas to the jurisdiction of Bhubaneswar Development Authority it is proposed to develop new satellite cities in the fringe areas of Bhubaneswar so as to reduce pressure on the central city. The satellite cities will be self sufficient with water, electricity, sewerage, parks, school and colleges and other utilities so that the development can be decentralized. The satellite cities will be planned with the concept of preserving ecology and environment. IDP for New Areas (40 Villages) In order to bring planned development in the newly added areas in between Bhubaneswar Khurda Corridor, BDA has taken steps to prepare an IDP as per the provisions of the ODA Act. IL & FS is preparing the IDP as part of the satellite Township project. Sr. No. 1 Name COA Regd.No. Shri Ajay Kumar TP/001/BDA Dutta DEVELOPMENT PLANNING - GLIMPSES IN TIME LINE After functioning of the capital city, it was felt necessary to create a special body to prepare its development plan. Accordingly, in the year 1968, the Special Planning Authority of Bhubaneswar was constituted. Subsequently, at a later stage, (i.e.1976), Greater Bhubaneswar Regional Improvement Trust (BRIT) was constituted to strengthen the development planning activities. The Draft Master Plan of Bhubaneswar was prepared by the erstwhile BRIT envisaging the future requirements of the city. In the mean time, Bhubaneswar and its surrounding area registered a high rate of urban growth and Bhubaneswar Development Authority was created in the year 1983 under the provisions of the O.D.A. Act to manage and guide future development. The area of jurisdiction of BDA comprises three towns i.e. Bhubaneswar , Jatni and Khurda. No development can be achieved without a proper planning and development. Thus, the Comprehensive Development Plan(CDP) for Bhubaneswar was prepared, which came into force in the year 1994. It was prepared with a futuristic mode to achieve proper planning and management. Similarly, Interim Development plans (IDP) prepared for Khurda and Jatni came into force from the year 1986. With an objective to have an integrated development, the intervening areas were also added to the jurisdiction of BDA in the year 2002 & 2003.The IDP for East Kuakhai New city was prepared 20 by BDA which came into force in July 2007. This IDP was prepared by adopting modern tools of GIS and extends over 8 revenue villages on both sides of NH-5 from river Kuakhai to Phulnakhara. Bhubaneswar City and its functional areas Otto Koenigsberger’s design for a standard neighbourhood unit. FUTURE PLANNING PROCESS - A STEP TOWARDS METROPOLIS This region is at present, on the verge of a major transformation in diverse sectors such as industry, information technology, tourism, healthcare, education etc. In view of such a development potential, the area of operation of BDA will be the hub of major urban activities in future. In this backdrop, it is essential to have a long-term planning strategy and hence steps are being taken to prepare a Perspective Plan Vision 2030 and detail CDP by involving IIT, Kharagpur. The plan will encompass vital aspects of modern urban development that will transform this region to a major urban complex of the State. HOUSING & COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES B.D.A, in its humble attempt has taken upon it to provide a house to every denizen of the city since its inception. During the last 24 years, B.D.A. has provided houses to 10,365 families and 6164 residential plots through various schemes. Housing for the masses within BDA area dates back to the year 1976, when the first housing project was started by the erstwhile BRIT under the name and style of Laxmisagar, Stage-I. This housing scheme was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister late Nandini Satapathy on 4.6.1976. BDA, in the year 1983, launched the next housing scheme at Chandrasekharpur to provide housing to HIG, MIG, LIG, EWS group of people.This housing scheme has given a major boost to housing prospects in the area with a number of housing colonies coming up subsequently. At present, C.S.Pur area consists of housing schemes like Niladri Vihar, Lumbini vihar, Prachi Enclave , Sailashree Vihar, Arya Vihar apart from some other housing schemes undertaken by Govt. of Orissa. In the year 1991, BDA launched another major housing scheme styled as Kalinga Vihar in the midst of Kalinga Nagar Plotted Development scheme. This housing scheme extends over four revenue villages i.e. Bhagabanpur, Subudhipur, Patrapada & Ghatikia. Some other housing schemes floated by BDA include Lingaraj Vihar, Kapil Prasad, Badagada, Baramunda, Ananta Vihar, Palaspalli, Pokhariput & Patrapada etc. For facilitating business and self- employment opportunities, B.D.A has developed a number of commercial complexes within its jurisdiction. A list of important commercial complexes constructed during last 24 years are Laxmisagar 21 Market Complex, Indradhanu Market Complex, Priyadarshini Market Complex, Ashoka Market Complex, Alok Bharti Market Complex, Suryakiran Market Complex, Kalyani Market Complex, Barabhuja Market Complex etc. A total of 2417 shops have been allotted under these schemes. These market complexes also provide office space to Government and Private agencies, which help in generating employment opportunities. The Sabzi Mandi at Aiginia is an innovative market complex which caters to the vegetable requirements of the city and has excellent facilities for storage and handling of vegetables coming from different parts of Orissa as well as neighbouring states. The Sabzi Mandi has facilities like parking, storage shop-cumresidences, banks, petrol pump etc. The Sabzi Mandi has been planned to decongest the central city for improving the living conditions and environment. The Chandrasekharpur District Centre spreading over 35 acres of land has developed plots with road network and parking facilities. These plots have been allotted to individuals for undertaking shopping complexes to cater to the needs of the residential colony of Chandrasekharpur area. A total of 673 plots have already been allotted to different persons. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Clean air and ample greenery makes a city worth living for its inhabitants. Under city beautification programme, B.D.A has attempted to develop a number of open spaces, parks, and plantations within its development area and improve the green cover of the city by forming a Horticulture wing in the year 1987. Important activities under the above programme are outlined below: i) Development of Parks and Open spaces Presently, B.D.A. is developing and maintaining 51 parks and open spaces in Bhubaneswar city. The parks developed by B.D.A are provided with parking spaces, jogging tracks, fountains, water bodies, children's play equipments etc. Visitors to the parks are not charged with any entry fee. ii) Beautification of entry points and junctions In addition to development of parks, steps were taken to beautify entry points to important junctions like airport terminal and its premises, Rasulgarh Square , Rajmahal Square and Station Square were developed under this programme. iii) Important parks Some of the important parks that have been developed by B.D.A are Indira Gandhi Park , Jawaharlal Nehru park, Mahatma Gandhi Park , Biju Pattnaik Park & Buddha Jayanti Park . The Jawaharlal Nehru Park was developed at Station square and was inaugurated by the then 22 President Shri R.Venkatraman on 4th January 1989. Indira Gandhi Park was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Late Rajiv Gandhi on October 31st 1988. Similarly, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Park was inaugurated by the then Deputy Prime Minister Shri. L.K. Advani on 21st September 2002. iv) Beautification of neighborhood parks To improve the environment of residential colonies, some neighbourhood parks were developed at B.J.B.Nagar, Sahid Nagar, Bhoi Nagar, Nayapalli, Unit-1 etc. These parks are used by the local inhabitants for outdoor games and recreational activities. v) Revitalizing the health of citizens Recreation is no doubt an essential requirement for a healthy living. B.D.A has taken an encouraging step towards promoting recreational activities of kids as well as youth by developing B.D.A.-NICCO park complex in the central part of the Bhubaneswar . This complex has various recreational items to suit people of various age groups. In almost all the important parks, special attention has been given on developing jogging track, kid's corners, swings etc. The parks are therefore, not only meant for recreation but also a place for health conscious people & fitness freaks. INDIRA GANDHI PARK Indira Gandhi Park was developed over an area of 10.60 acres of land. It is centrally located infront of Orissa Secretariat and State Assembly. Indira Gandhi Park was previously the parade ground of Bhubaneswar city, and is the place where Late Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi delivered her last public speech on 30th October, 1984. The park was dedicated to the public with a statue of Smt. Indira Gandhi designed and sculptured by Russian sculptor Mr. Dimitry Ryebachev and Alexander Ryebachev. BIJU PATTNAIK PARK Biju Pattnaik park is located in front of Capital Hospital , Unit - 6. Biju Pattnaik park has a lot of forest species, ornamental trees, flowering and foliage shrubs with a view to provide a forest in the centre of the city. A statue of one of the greatest leaders of Orissa and former Chief Minister Late Biju Pattnaik was unveiled in the park on 5th March, 2002 by Sri Naveen Patnaik, Hon'ble Chief Minister, Orissa and the then Union Minister Steel & Mines Sj. Ram Vilas Paswan on theauspicious occasion of Biju Pattnaik Jayanti. The park covers an area of 22.00 Ac. Of land. Multiple jogging track, colourful fountain, children play corners, rosarium, rockeries etc are the main attractions of the park. 23 MAHATMA GANDHI PARK Mahatma Gandhi park has been developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority on a part of 27.00 Ac of Janta Maidan. The park has landscape lawn, rockeries, fountain & stream jogging track, lighting system etc. The statue of Mahatma Gandhi sitting in the prayer position is very attractive and a number of visitors coming to Bhubaneswar pay their homage to the Father of the Nation. BUDDHA JAYANTI PARK After Kalinga War Buddhisim in Orissa took a new dimension in propagating various aspects of Buddhism for human development. In view of this Bhubaneswar occupies a special position in the history of Buddhism in entire Asia . To up-keep this great history of Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar Development Authority has developed Buddha Jayanti Park at Chandra Sekhar Pur over an area of 44.00 Ac. The park is located at a high elevation & one side of the park is the boundary of Chandaka natural Forest . A part of the park is developed with lake, plantation, Buddha Stupa, pathways, host of trees & shrubs etc. The park was inaugurated by Shri Naveen Pattnaik, Hon'ble Chief Minister, Orissa on 5th May, 2001 with a vision to make the park a tourist place. FUTURE PARKS Dhauli Peace Park The Government of Orissa has taken a decision to develop a park around Dhauli Peace Pagoda to spread the message of peace & tranquility to mankind. The Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) has entrusted the work to BDA for which funds have already been sanctioned. The Heritage Wall that is proposed to be constructed around the Peace Pagoda will showcase the rich art & craft of Orissa apart from imparting beauty to the structure and preventing trespassing. A number of medicinal plants, flowering trees, shrubs including saplings of foliage will be planted around the park. An amphitheatre will run programmes to attract tourists and visitors. Provision for parking of vehicles, rest rooms, cafeteria etc. will be provided for the convenience of visitors. Guru Kelucharan Park It will be developed at Gadakana over an area of 21.00 Ac (approx). Conceptual drawing and other preliminary ground work have been completed for the project. LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT i) Land For urban development An overview Land constitutes an important resource for urban development. Interestingly, the development pattern observed in Bhubaneswar , Khurda and Jatni primarily depended on availability of government land. The Authority obtained land from government for various 24 purposes like housing, commercial activities, parks and open spaces etc. Since the inception of BDA, 1432 acres of Govt. land has been obtained for development purpose out of which a major chunk has been utilized for housing purposes. ii) Assessment of vacant land in different schemes The Authority is assessing unused land in different schemes implemented within its jurisdiction. After assessing the real requirement in respect of infrastructure, social facilities and utilities, the rest of vacant land will be utilized for various other activities. iii) Land for Satellite Township BDA is taking steps for development of satellite townships in and around Bhubaneswar. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION For facilitating better transport system, the Authority has played a major role in developing the Baramunda Inter - city bus stand. It has also played a proactive role in setting up bus shelters in various parts of the city by involving private partners. WATER SUPPLY BDA in the year 1996 coordinated an ambitious Naraj water supply project to augment water scarcity in the city. The scheme which has already been completed has a capacity of providing 115 million litres of water per day. This scheme has facilitated supply of clean water to the fringe areas as well as meeting the water requirement of the city dwellers. DEVELOPING SUB-CITIES WITHIN THE CITY To provide best living conditions for the future generation and to grow in tandem with the rest of the world, two important sub cities were developed in Bhubaneswar . These are Kalinga Nagar in the western fringe and Chandrasekharpur on the Northern fringe. PRESERVING HERITAGE The rich heritage of Bhubaneswar attracts large number of tourists there by creating a scope of employment for the city populace. In order to preserve its historic character, the Development Authority in collaboration with State Tourism Department has undertaken a number of action projects such as Dhauli Peace Park , Buddha Jayanti Park , Mukteswar temple, etc. DEVELOPING COMMUNITY FACILITIES Community living in Bhubaneswar & its adjoining towns of Jatni & Khurda have also been taken care of by BDA. It has constructed Townhalls at Jatni and Khurda. These Town halls provide facilities for celebrating National and State functions including meetings etc. PROJECT MANAGEMENT The Development proposals are translated into action through execution of various projects. It is the main stay of development activities. These projects relate to housing schemes, commercial complexes, city beautification, development of parks and open space etc. The Engineering Branch of BDA has played a vital role in completing various projects. Till this date, it has completed 41 housing projects, 24 commercial & office projects besides developing 1432 acres of land with pucca road & drain, safe drinking water supply, power supply, parks and other amenities. Expenditure on this score has seen an increase from Rs.64 lakhs in 1984 to Rs.1600 lakhs in 2007. 25
Report "GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING OF BHUBANESWAR"