Grammar And Beyond 3B..pdf

CAMBI{IDGEMAR Laurie BlaS~ Susan lannuzzl Alice Savage with Randi Reppen Blass, L. (2012). Grammar And Beyond 3B. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. B Second. Third. even wild ideas. Grammar And Beyond 3B. L. Indirect Imperatives. 244 Blass. This is because people often think of additional ideas as they write.Indirect Questions. Osborn said that crazy ideas could get people thinking along new lines and could lead to effective solutions. Requests. L. Osborn's original brainstorming method had four rules. Alex Osborn invented the word in 1939. Brainwriting is a silent version of brainstorming. In his book Thinkertoys. Osborn asked the brainstorming group if they could improve the ideas that had been suggested . Therefore. . Although he said that groups should 111 brainstorm in a particular way. and Advice U N I T Creative Problem Solving 1 Grammar in the Real World A When you have to solve a problem.~() One alternative to brainstorming is brainwriting. Osborn asked group members to produce a large number of ideas. One method many people use is . Brainstorming is an activity designed to produce a number of ideas in a . creativity expert Michael Michalko suggests that brainwriting may be more productive than traditional brainstorming. he asked participants to shout out even unusual ideas. He also asserts ~~ that this method is better for quieter individuals because they do not have to express their ideas out loud. participants write down their ideas instead of shouting them out. First. . In his book Unlocking Your Creative Power. what strategies do you use? Read the article about brainstorming. With brainwriting. he welcomed all ideas. Finally. Would you prefer traditional brainstorming or "brainwriting"? Brainstorming as a Problem-Solving Tool There is more than one way to solve a problem . short time. variations on his technique have also become popular. he told participants not to judge other people's ideas. brainstorming. (2012). He thought that the group would find a few really good ideas if many different ones were available. Osborn said that the word brainstorm means using the brain to solve a problem creatively. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. who can use brainstorming? e Notice Find the sentences in the article and complete them. Creative Problem Solving 245 . and personal situations.1 Forming Indirect Questions a. (2012). Use asked in the reporting clause and the same wh. he told participants _ __ _ _ _ __ other people's ideas. Grammar And Beyond 3B. Indirect Imperatives. Anyone can use them because they do not require a lot of training or expensive materials. 2. The director asked. He asked. Use asked in the reporting clause and ifto introduce an indirect Yes/No question. First.Indirect Questions. Blass. "Will we start attending brainstorming sessions?" Miaasked. Therefore. According to the writer.word to introduce an indirect information question. L. Why does Michalko believe that brainwriting may be more productive than brainstorming? 3. Requests. "Are your jobs satisfying?" He asked if our jobs were satisfying. academic. Mia asked if we will /would start attending brainstorming sessions. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. "Which technique do you prefer?" The director asked us which technique we preferred. These processes are al! effective tools for creative problem solving in professional. What are the forms ofthe missing verbs? 2 11ndirect Questions ~ Grammar Presentation Indirect questions tell what other people have asked. and Advice :10 Brainstorming and brainwriting are flexible methods. What are the four rules ofbrainstorming? 2. "When will the training begin?" our manager asked. 1. 1. 2. Our manager asked when the training will /would begin. he asked participants even unusual ideas. B Comprehension Check Answer the questions. There are two kinds of indirect questions: Yes/No questions and information questions. whose exercise routines can last for several hours. and . too. L. :\0 t.are better for the environment. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University." 20 2" 282 With people power. sometimes called "people power. Renewable sources . which cannot be replaced when used up. (2012). these alternative sources of energy have not always been sufficiently explored for political and economic reasons. People exercise in green gyms. Is "people power" an efficient energy source? Why or why not? ' . People who care lO about the environment are looking for more alternative sources that might appeal to people who make decisions about these things. One source that is becoming popular uses energy J:í that is generated by humans. which can light up the dance floor or power street lamps. However. people create electricity through exercise. One company has created surfaces which are powered by humans. which contain special treadmills. could help power a house! Exercise is not the only way people can make energy. These machines convert human energy into electricity that helps run the lights and air-conditioning. This movement generates electricity. One system in Sweden gathers the body heat from Blass.Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns) U N I T Alternative Energy Sources 1 Grammar in the Real World_ _ _ _ _ __ A What are sorne alternative sources of energy (other than oil or coal)? Read the article about one type of alternative energy. Body heat is used for power. wind.water. Grammar And Beyond 3B. People power also helps prevent air pollution. People dance or walk on special dance floors and sidewalks. Someone who exercises for one hour can feel good about the fact that he or she is helping prevent carbon dioxide from going into the airo Professional athletes. ~o .Exercísíng for Electrícíty Much of the world's energy comes from sources like oil and coal.) the sun . What are sorne problems with people power? e Notice Find the sentences in the article and complete them. An identifying relative clause gives essential information about the noun it modifies. and it makes people more aware of the environment. but it could be soon. people who support green energy are confident that this technology will catch on in the near future. Then draw an arrow from each missing word to the word that it refers too 1. This heat. which is sent to a nearby building. In a subject relative clause. does not lower the gym's electric bill mucho Also. What parts of speech are the words in bold? 2 11dentifying Subject Relative Clauses ~ Grammar Presentation Relative clauses modify . ---------------. (2012). do not always want to be the first to create new products. could help power a house! 2. the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause. Blass. How can "people power" help the environment? 3. This heat. 3. The gym crea tes its own electricity.Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns) commuters in a train station. people support green energy are confident that this technology will catch on in the near future. who must focus on making a profit. which only generates a part of the total electricity needed. or give more information about nouns. cuts the energy bill by 25 percent. It is one kind of technology that helps people and the planet at the same time. 45 50 People power is not perfect. Large gyms need a lot of energy to runo People power. Professional athletes. 60 65 Answer the questions. They are afraid to spend B Comprehension Check money on technology which might not be successful. What are sorne ways that people can make energy? 2. _______________ is sent to a nearby building.exercise routines can last for several hours. However. the use of this technology is moving slowly. However. SUBJECT I go to a gym. L. 1. cuts the energy bill by 25 percent.define. RELATIVE PRONOUN I go to a gym that crea tes its own electricity. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. Business leaders. describe. Meanwhile. though. Alternatlve Energy Sources 283 . identify. Look at the words in bold that follow the words you wrote. Grammar And Beyond 3B. this "green energy" encourages people to exercise. 55 People power is not a major energy source yet. not just members of the winning team. they often speak out when they disagree with a boss's decision .-. L. They also want their opinions to be heard and valued . are people born in the 19805 and 19905. they want to be praised for it. everyone playing a game was often given a trophy. For example. Blass. believes this is the result of the way they were raised . ~ II 308 Millennials. a Generation V expert. also known as Generation v. if they do something well. but these young workers often share certain positive and negative traits .---- A Do you know anyone born in the 1980s or 1990s? Sorne studies suggest that individuals born during these years have similar traits. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. There are over 70 million of them in the United States alone. This group has high opinions and expectations of themselves . Reduced Relative Clauses U N I T Millennials 11Grammar in the Real World . For example. . They were raised at a time when parents and teachers believed in a lot of praising and rewarding. It is hard to generalize about such a large group. where they are now the fastest growing group in the workplace. Read the article about Millennials. (2012). a terrn for these individuals. Some employers call them challenging and demanding. such as high self-confidence. older people in the workplace? Millennials in the Workforce í 111 1. How might these people be different frorn other. In the workplace. Millennials expect a lot of positive feedback. Bruce Tulgan.Relative Clauses with Where and When. In fact. this self-confidence shows up in several ways. Grammar And Beyond 3B. television. They might conclude that the president was doing a wonderful jobo On the other hand. they often 'media: newspapers.Real Conditionals: Present and Future U N I T ~------------------------------------------- Media in the United States 1 Grammar in the Real World_ _ _ _ __ A Do aH the news sources you read (websites.. they may not be exposed to opposing ideas. but is it. considered as a group personal opinion 1 3align: agree with and support something or someone 322 1 2 unbiased: not influenced by Blass. etc. This unbiased 2 view of the news may appear to align 3 with the values of lO Amerícans. The media.. Grammar And Beyond 3B. So me sources 'í provide a more balanced look at the issues than others. but reinforcing that their view of the world is right. magazines. These more balanced news sources offer a deeper understanding of the issues without the influence of the views of political parties. are not informing people. and radio.. (2012). they might be convinced that the crisis was the ~II fault of the opposing party. If people watch certain TV news 1'1 stations. in this case. they may also choose to read online news pages with a similar view. newspapers. If those people read only these websites. what Americans really want? Some political analysts claim that many Americans tend to read. One example of this occurs during an economic crisis. I .) have similar viewpoints about current topies and issues? Read the article about the news media in the United States. in fact. L.= = The Influence of Media IJP" on Public Opinion The media' provide news from a wide range of sources with a variety ofviewpoints. and listen to the news media that reflect President Proposes Solution to Economic Troubles Presidential Policies Cause Economic Troubles their own views. If people surround themselves with media that reflect only their beliefs. watch. if people mostly disagree with the president's policies. they will hear mostly positive things about the president's solutions... lf they support the president's policies. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. What is the writer's view ofthe media? . magazines. These websites likely explain how the crisis was caused by politicians from the opposing party. Grammar And Beyond 3B. The main clause describes the result. When they rely only on these news sources. if people mostly disagree with the president's policies. and ha bits. they often choose to watch news shows that criticize the president. facts. Use the simple present in the if clause and in the main clause. 1. I read the newspaper. IF CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAl N CLAUSE (RESULT) If llike a reporter. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. (2012). If people share beliefs. 2. They describe general truths. L. It expresses what happens when the condition exists. On the other hand. Which sentence describes a present situation? Which sentence describes a future situation? 1. How might this affect politics in the future? If we don't address this issue today. Why might people become even more isolated in their beliefs in the future? e Notice Read the sentences from the article. If predictions of increased Internet use are correct. Blass. They might also visit websites and read blogs that do not support the president's policies. people willl ikely become even more isolated in their beliefs.1 Forming Present Real Conditionals a. could the isolation of beliefs beco me problematic in our political future? B Comprehension Check Answer the questions. The ir clause is the condition. How do sorne political analysts describe the behavior of Americans toward media? 2.Real Conditionals: Presen t and Future choose t o watch news shows that criticize the president. 2. What is an example of how media sources reinforce someone's political views? 3. they often get along better. They are convinced that the president is failing. I read her articles. Media in the United States 323 . :15 If predictions of increased Internet use are correct. 21Present Real Conditionals ~ Grammar Presentation Present real conditionals describe situations that are possible now and their results. they come to a different conclusion. I usually believe something when I read it in a good newspaper. Use an ir clause to describe a possible situation. If I have time in the morning. This is because links in blogs and web pages will connect people with information that supports only their views. people willlikely become even more isolated in their beliefs. This information is used to create the movements of the video character. As a result. a common use for mocap is in video games. Grammar And Beyond 3B. for example. or "mocap. heat.Connecting Information with Prepositions and Transitions U N! T Technology in Entertainment 1 Grammar in the Real World A How are video games today different from the games of 5 or 10 years ago? Read the web article about a kind of animation technology that is being used in games today. he or she performs a sequence of actions. digital information is collected from the markers and the video. Next. an epic fantasy adventure movie. kick. The use of sensors 1 to record these movements is called motion capture. How does it work? First. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. While the first animated video game characters moved in only two directions. the games can feature each athlete's unique moves. Finally. not all movie studios want to use mocap. today's animation is much more realistic than it was then. I 'sensor: a device that discovers and reacts to changes in such things as movement. With sports video games." Because of the realism that mocap gives its animated figures. Avatar. the athlete puts on a tight suit that has special markers2 all over it. Besides being very expensive. (2012). Another common use of mocap is in movies. studios must add other forms of animation. and light 'marker: a small. Consequently. How has it changed the look ofvideo games? :1 10 j [) "0 Computer animation was first introduced in the late 19705. L. used mocap to create its human-like characters. Video game creators use rea l people to help create their characters. today's animated game he roes can jump. and spin. mocap cannot copy every motion. It also featured a computer-generated 3D world. famous athletes are used instead of actors. however. Despite Avatar's success. Video cameras record these movements using the markers. 378 . reflective dot that is taped to a figure Blass. mocap technology is becoming more popular in many different areas. Because of the realism that mocap gives its a. _ _ 21Connecting Information with Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases ~ Grammar Presentation Sorne prepositions and prepositional phrases can connect information to an independent clause. Blass. motion capture technology is used in medicine. introduces additional information animated figures. Video games look realistic today beca use of improvements in computer animation. 2. who knows what it will be used :w for next? ' virtual: created by a computer B Comprehension Check Answer the questions. _ _ 2. Like subordinators. Despite the expense. introduces contrasting information 3. Furthermore. they can practice in a virtual reality. _ _ b. Estados Unidos de america: Cambridge University. introduces a reason c. or give exceptions. Despite the popularity of animation. What is "mocap"? 2. For instance. Instead of taking risks in a real setting. a common use for mocap is in video games.. Due to its success so far. present alternatives.) mocap can be used in training for jobs such as firefighting. mocap can be used in training for jobs su eh as firefighting. Grammar And Beyond 3B. In what are as is mocap used? 3. doctors have patients in mocap suits walk on treadmills. L. Technology in Entertainrnent 379 . show contrasts. mocap technology is becoming more popular in many different areas.Connecting Information with Prepositions and Transitions In addition to these uses. Despite the expense. give reasons. Why isn't mocap used more often in movies and video games? e Notice Match the words in bold with their meaning. New firefighters can use mocap games to practice moving through virtuaP house fires. (2012). 1. these prepositions can be used to add information. The mocap inforrnation helps doctors diagnose problems such as weak bones. most people prefer to watch Iive-action movies. 1. Furthermore. 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