Description of the lesson This is an interactive web based lesson on the eye as a sense organ and how lightaffects it. This lesson is a stand-alone one and should last for approximately 30 – 35 minutes. Learners will be given the opportunity to show case what they have learnt through discussion and description as well as an online quiz. Lesson Objectives In this Lesson learners will: Explain the process of accommodation in the eye as it relates to the amount of light that enters and the objects that it sees Answer questions on the structure, function and accommodation of the eye. Description of the media I chose Camtasia and quiz generator as the new media for my lesson on the eye as a sense organ. I decided to go outside of my comfort zone and try something new in order to see what the results would be. Camtasia is similar to Windows Movie maker as you can either do a video or record a power point. I chose to do the latter and to include a quiz that I created in quiz generator as the final learning activity in my lesson. The Media Lesson: Please copy and paste either of the following links to your browser to view the lesson. URL: http://www.screencast.com/t/JGJFxEJluX5F Embed link: <a href="http://www.screencast.com/t/JGJFxEJluX5F">GilzeneS_EDID 6506 Assignment 2 - The Eye as a Sense Organ</a> N.B. To my classmates: You must have a screencast account (this is free) and at least a trial version of Camtasia or you may not be able to view the lesson Please click on the following website to do the quiz: http://quizstar.4teachers.org/ You will need to sign up on the student site for the class entitled: The Eye as a Sense Organ as it is a private class. Lesson Script Slide 1 – Good day my grade nine class. Can anyone of you tell from these images what our topic will be today? If you said the eye then you would be correct. More specifically though our topic will be: Slide 2 - The eye as a sense organ, how it helps us to see near and far and how light affects it. Slide 3 - Lesson Objectives In this Lesson learners will: Explain the process of accommodation in the eye as it relates to the amount of light that enters and the objects that it sees Answer questions on the structure, function and accommodation of the eye. Slide 4 – Introduction (graphic organizer) The eye is one of five sense organs in the human body and as such carries out a number of important functions – the major one being helping one to see. Four-fifths of all sense impressions come through the eye which helps to make it a practically indispensable communication tool to us as humans. As with other living organisms, the eye responds to stimuli. In humans, stimuli are detected by the sense organs. These are the eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin. The eye is sensitive to light and provides vision. Receptors inside the human eye send information to the brain that enables you to see. Slide 5 - Image of the eye and what it sees as light enters The eye is the sense organ that responds to changes in light. The eye can detect both changes in light intensity and wavelength. The wavelength of light determines what colour is seen. Most animals have an organ which can detect light. Even the earthworm has simple cells along its length, which can respond to the difference between day and night. Slide 6 - The eyes are located in a bony socket in the front of the skull in humans. It is held in place by several muscles, which also enable it to move within the socket. Slide 7 - The eye is a complicated structure that behaves in a similar way to a camera. It has a lens to focus light onto the inner wall, the retina. The retina contains cells that are sensitive to light. This is similar to the photographic film placed in a camera. Slide 8 - Rods and Cones The light sensitive cells on the retina are called rods and cones. Note their positions on the retina. There are three types of cones; one is responsive to green light, one to red light and one to green light. All the other colours are mixtures of those, which is why we are able to see the entire spectrum of colours like in the rainbow. Slide 9 - The cones respond when the light levels are higher, i.e. in daylight. These allow colour vision and render highly detailed images just as with the beach scene shown here. Slide 10: The rods are sensitive to very low light levels and allow vision at night. They provide a mostly monochrome image and they are very sensitive to movement. You will note in the image displayed that as the light fades from the sky the scene takes on varying shades of grey (a monochromatic look) and little colour is seen for the most part. Slide 11 - The Function of the Eye The eye is designed to collect visual information from the environment as seen in the image shown. Slide 12 - It does this by focusing light from far and near objects onto the bank of light sensitive cells - receptors - on the retina. The ability of the eye to adjust its focal length is known as accommodation. Since a nearby object is typically focused at a further distance the eye accommodates by assuming a lens shape that has a shorter focal length and does the opposite for objects that are distant. Slide 13 - The eye is able to control the amount of light that enters by changing the size of the pupil. Look at the top images. See how the pupils react to various light intensities. This is important because: too much light can damage the eye but in very low light level conditions the retina must receive as much light as possible to be able to form an image. Slide 14 - The pupil - which looks black - is formed by the iris. The iris contains pigment or colour. This is the part that we refer to as eye colour and is genetically determined. The muscles in the iris are able to contract to change the size of the pupil. The diaphragm in a camera works in a similar manner. The pupil appears black because once light enters the eye, it is absorbed and none is usually reflected back out. Slide 15 - The lining of the retina is actually red, since it has an excellent blood supply. This can be seen on some colour photographs taken with a flash gun, where a person's pupils appear red, i.e. the 'red eye' effect. This results from the fact that the flash gun is close to the camera lens and projects light directly into the back of the eye. Light is reflected from the red coloured retina back out of the eye and recorded on the film or light sensitive back as seen in this image. Learning Activity #1 Describe in your own words the process of accommodation that takes place in the eye as it relates to light and objects. Slide 16 - Lesson Summary In this lesson you have learnt the following information. All living organisms respond to stimuli. In humans, stimuli are detected by the sense organs. These are the eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin. The eyes are located in humans in a bony socket in the front of the skull. The eye is held in place by several muscles, which also enable it to move within the socket. The eye is sensitive to light and provides vision. Receptors inside the human eye send information to the brain that enables you to see. The eye is the sense organ that responds to changes in light. The eye can detect both changes in light intensity and wavelength. The wavelength of light determines what colour is seen. The eye is a complicated structure that behaves in a similar way to a camera. It has a lens to focus light onto the inner wall, the retina. The retina contains cells that are sensitive to light. There are two types of light sensitive cells on the retina. The rods are sensitive to very low light levels and allow vision at night. They provide a monochrome image and are very sensitive to movement. The cones respond when the light levels are higher, i.e. in daylight. These allow colour vision and render highly detailed images. The eye is able to control the amount of light that enters by changing the size of the pupil. This is important because: o too much light can damage the eye o in very low light level conditions the retina must receive as much light as possible to be able to form an image. The pupil - which looks black - is formed by the iris. The iris contains pigment or colour. This is the part that we refer to as eye colour and is genetically determined. To end the lesson today you will answer the quiz Learning Activity #2 Click on the following link or copy and paste to your browser to do the quiz. Go to the student login on the page and sign up for the class entitled: The Eye as a Sense Organ http://quizstar.4teachers.org/ Reflection An old Chinese proverb states that the journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step. This whole process from beginning to end was exciting, tedious, tiresome, frustrating and had me almost in tears to get it done. Having said that what was the process like and what did I learn? I took a leap of faith by taking on the unknown when I chose to use Camtasia with Sreencast as the hosting service. I looked at Voice Threads and Articulate but they did not tickle my fancy and I could not find much on Soft Talk. I knew about wikis as I sometimes use it at work but I am not versed in it and I wanted to really spread my wings so to speak so Camtasia it was. I did not get to explore it as much as I would have liked to and had to do a lot of the things in the last couple of days. As usual school and work tasks clashed at times but I did what I had to do in order to get this done. Apart from the initial trial and errors I eventually did a trial run with my half-finished project and sent it to my husband, a couple of my classmates and a co-worker, just to see if it would work. My effort paid off. I learnt that none of them could open it without first having a screencast account and a version of Camtasia in order to view it. So much for not taking things for granted. One classmate tried until she got it open – kudos to her for that as she was able to tell me what she saw on her screen, shared her screen with me so that I could see it too and we both tried to figure out what went wrong at the different stages and fixed the problem. I learnt too that you must never rely on one source to get help or information for any task as I sought help from another co-worker who had more than passing knowledge about Camtasia but was not really willing to share because it was not work related and I seemed to be trespassing on his territory. Perseverance was my next lesson. I was never one to give up easily and this time was no different. I sat down, made my power point lesson after using my husband as a sounding board, did the script and went to Camtasia. I figured out on my own how to record the power-point as I narrated along with the slide changes which I did manually. The first and second trials had pauses and mistakes and so I had to do them over. I was running short on time and the Net was on the fritz and I was in danger of not making the deadline. Camtasia is a wonderful teaching tool as it allows you to make your lessons that more powerful as you can upload videos from you tube and other credible sources to supplement or make your own. It allows you to edit what you have created and save it in different formats depending on what you want to do with it. It means that you can re-use a particular lesson or update as necessary or create a new one. Quizstar is an online quiz maker that allows you to create and manage your own quizzes. You can create true/false, multiple choice or short answer questions or a combination thereof. It allows you to register students – create accounts for them or have them register themselves to access a quiz with your permission. It generates reports and it also marks the quiz that you set up. You are able to monitor what your students are doing as it gives you options as to when the quiz will be available and whether or not you allow them one or more attempts as well as decide when to give them feedback. Lesson number three was ‘when in a bind go to plan B or C even if you never had one to begin with. With less than 20 minutes to go and my Camtasia recording refusing to upload to Screencast I had no option but to find another internet source away from my home – that happened to be hubby’s workplace. As can be seen this is the culmination of this journey. Again fire refines and when one is tested it is time to find and reach for those resources that are inside. The lesson is complete – at least this one but there are more mountains to climb and assignments to conquer. This has been a valuable lesson in time management, teamwork and collaboration, especially in times of crisis but it was worth it.
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