GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES OFJHUNJHUNU DISTRICT Jhunjunu district situated in the northern part of state is bounded by Churu and Sikar districts of Rajasthan in north-west, south west and south east and Hissar and Mahendra garh districts of Haryana in north east. It lies between 27° 38' & 28° 31' north latitude and 75° 02' and 76° 06' east longitude with greatest length 137 km. in N-S and 110 Kms. in EW. The district covers an area of 5928 sq. kms. comprising the tehsils namely Jhunjhunu, Chirawa, Khetri, Nawalgarh and Udaipurwati. The district has only two meter gauge rail lines . The Jaipur to Loharu section and Churu-Sikar section passing though Bissau. The district has no national highway but is well connected by state highways to the different district head quarters. Physiographically the district is a mass of rolling sand dunes, hillocks and low lying mounds in its western part. The south eastern part, has off shoots of Aravalli range of hills, which extend fro'm south of Udaipur wati tehsil and continue up to Khetri & Singhana following an almost NE-SW trend. The average elevation is 300-450 mt. above MSL with highest peak near Lohagarh at 1051 mts. above MSL. Shifting sands, active dunes and soil erosen are hallmark of western and central part of the district. The inland drainage is related to Kanllu river system. There are four major streams in the district namely Dohau, Chandrawati, Udaipur-Lohagarh ki Nadi & Sukh Nadi. The ground watter table, varies form 5 to 45 mts. Geology Geologically the district is covered by wind blown sand except for a linear out crop of Aravalli mountain system trending NNE-SSW. These are exposed from south of Udaipurwati in SSW to Singhana in NNE for a strike length of about 70kms. and the width is about 20kms. in north and about 5 kms. in south. Apart from these, small isolated outcrops of the rocks of Delhi Supergroup and Malani Igneous suite are found around Bhurri, Jhunjhunu, Baggar, Makhar Nand, Risora, Rizhani etc. The general geological succession of the district is as follows : Recent - Alluvium, Aeolian sand Post –Delhi - Pegmatite- Erinpura Granite, Intusives - Epidiorite, dolerite, albitite, granite (Malani Igneous Suite) amphibolite. Ajabgarh - Phyllites, phyllites interbedded with quartzites, biotite schiest, Group calcgneisses etc. Alwar Group - Quartzite, schist, flaggy quartzite, grit, arkose, felspathic quartzite etc. - Pre-Aravalli Basement - (unexposed) The Alwar group of rocks are extensively exposed in the South - Eastern part of the district around Udaipurwati. These are also exposed in the NorthEastern part of the district around Khetri but here they are thin and narrow. Around Udaipurwati, the Alwars are exposed in the central part of the basin with the Ajabgarhs being exposed along the Kalipahari. Amphibolite. A large body of these instrusives is located around Babai while small outcrops are found near Udaipurwati. isolated outcrops of the Ajabgarhs are exposed. albitites. carbon phyllites. The Ajabgarhs are continuously exposed from South of Udaipurwati to Gudha Ponkh and reappear from Babai to Singhana. orthoquartzites. Mineral Resources of the District Jhunjhunu is fairly endowed with various minerals whose industrial use has immensely contributed to the economy of the district. arkose. . The Ajabgarhs are represented by limestone. These granites belong to the Erinpura group of granites whilte the granites belonging to the Malani Igneous Suite are exposed around Jhunjhunu. Banswas. flaggy quartzite. The different minerals found in the district can be enlisted as under:Copper-Gold-Silver Out of the three copper producing belts of India.91% Cu. Nand. granite.Kolihan and Chandmari which consist. quartz veins etc. These have been themselves subjected to further metamorphism. massive quartzite with minor schist and phyllites. The pegmatite bodies have discordent relationship with the granites. The post-Delhi intrusives of acidic as well as basic type are exposed throughout the Delhi group of rocks exposed in the district. Between Gudha Ponkh to Babai.T. The basic intrusives include epidiorite. impure crystalline siliceous limestone. The off-shoots and parallel mineralised zones have been identified around Deoru. The copper concentrate produced at the Khetri Copper Smelter also contains 1-2 gm. Udaipurwati. Bagora Papurna etc. probable reserves with average 0. The granites are emplaced along the core portions of Alwars as well as Ajabgarhs. Dhola Mala etc.88% to 1. which is being extracted as a by-product. silver per tonne. Of these. Mandaora.basin margins. The granite. suggesting a later emplacement of the former. dolomite. Extensive outcrops of the same are seen around Bagora. diorite amphibolite etc. from Raghunathgarh in South to Singhana in North. Makhar.T. Khetri Copper Belt The main ore producing centres in this belt are Madankudan. pegmatite. which are fine grained massive and melanocratic. of Gold and 8-10 gm. proved reserves containing 0. schists. Rasora. The mining and further exploration activities are being carried out by M/ s. pebbly quartzite (with iron ore). intruded by post Delhi intrusives viz. interbedded quartzites and phyllites. phyllites. The albitites are profusely intruding the Ajabgarhs in the area and appear to play an important role in the copper mineralisation in Khetri area. quartz veins etc. tremolite marble etc. quartzites.4% Cu. have been further assessed from these areas. conglomerate. the Khetri copper belt has a special importance due to the ancient workings and its configuration. albitite and pegmatite intrusives are extensively exposed in the area. Bakra. Bagoli. calcgneisses. The Khetri Copper belt extends for a strike length of 80 kms. epidiorite. These have been intruded by post Delhi instrusives such as amphibolite granite.60 M. of about 120 M. The Alwars are represented by grit. Gudha-Gaurji and Hukumpura Bamlawas. felspathic quartzite. Manaksas. the most important is the copper belt of Khetri from which mining has been carried out since time immemorial. pegmatites. Hindustan Copper Limited. Another 46. Rizhani etc. E. reserves with 0.C.I. 0.S.3. Udaipurwati. reserves. The ore is a mixture of Cobaltite and Danite with about 2.I.33% Cu. prospecting by the state department of Mines and Geology has established a strike length of 1900 meters with 164 M.S.T.Babai section of Khetri Copper bolt. Karmari . Udaipurwati. Goria etc.C. Due to their efforts the following prospects have been further proved : Akwali .Apart from these. Nawalgarh.5 ppm Au and 2-8 ppm Ag. Small occurrences of limestone are also reported in the form of small bands and pockets around Paprna.2 M. crystalline and contains 44% to 53% CaO with 0% to 13% SiOz and upto 3% MgO.. Naveri.T. Cobalt G. state Department of Mines & Geology. Co. proved reserves.65% Fe have been reported from Soir Zamalpura area.S.L. G. Satkui . etc.T. Girawadi. smaller deposits.88 M. within this belt have been explored by various agencies viz. Udaipurwati. This prospect was worked by R. of reserves with 65% to 70% Fe have been estimated. 50-150 ppm Ni. Another 0. It occurs beneath a thick soil cover and only intermittent exposures are found. 1.T.37 M. average grade of 1. Ponkh.5% Cu..M.25 M. strike length and a small part of it is leased out. 200-300 ppm.65M. Meena Ki Dhani etc. has reported presence of Cobalt associated with pyrrhotite in Akwali .51% Cu.5 to 1. reserves with 2. Minor occurrences have been also reported between Rajpur and J aintapura and Kali Pahari area.Khetri and teh.M. reserves with 55% . taking 60 mts.D. Clays-Red Ochre A few leases for clays and red ochre are existing in the district near Gudha. . Kakrana.E. thickness of the band. Micaceous haematite has also been found in this area.T. medium grained. Quartz – Feldspar Minor occurrences of quartz-feldspar have been reported from localities in teh. proved reserves. though no mining activity is being carried out now. A. in which further exploration activity is being carried out. Iron Iron ore in the form of a mixture of haematite and magnetite occurs near Jaonda where about 0. Limestone Limestone is reported from Khiror-Basawa-Parasrampura area. Banwas . FIuorite A small occurrence of fluorite is located near village Chhapoli.38 M.19% Cu.1. The limestone is grey to dark grey. M. In the surrounding areas. . Apart from these mineralized zones have been located near Dhanota.T.1.5. Teh.83% Co content. teh. This limestone band extends for about 10 km. Mehrana etc.S. previously.T. Soapstone . Meena Ki Dhani. Mehrana etc. A total of 31 plots are existing in the district. of teh. Granite Granites belonging to the Erinpura as well as Malani Igneous suite are exposed intermittently in the district. Chirawa. The large scale unit is that copper smelting of Hindustan Copper Ltd. Teh. (v) Gupta Cements. The granite of the district is light to dark grey pink and red. Bhagwatwala ki Dhani etc. Rasoda & Jhunjhunu of teh. Sonasar. are being excavated. The red granite of Makhar is also being exported. viz. Granite leases are in operation in these areas from which blocks of sizes upto 3 x 1. The prominent exposures are of Nand. The geological work is carried out by office of Superintending geologist Jaipur. apart from other Agro Industries. stone crushers and cement plants based on Basawa lim. Out of the 7 medium scale units. Khetri. Nawalgarh. of teh. Basawa. (ii) Chinar Cements. 7 medium scale units and 1374 small scale units at present.polishing units (31 Chirawa and 40 in Jhunjhunu ) and about 5-6 stone crushers. two projects have been proposed for geological investigations in this district. Sitapur. Cattle feed. Marble Marble occurrences are reported from Papurna. Which is under Suptdg. Khetri.. Hamiri Road. The marble is grey. Khetri. Mineral Administration Mineral administration work in the district is looked after by mining engineer Sikar. of teh.. Suptdg Geologist Jaipur 0141-314895 Mining Engineer Sikar 01572. teh. Guda.estone deposits. Maragsar. Calcite Calcite is being mined in minor quantities around villages Dada. Jhunjhunu.59183 During the year 1999-2000. hard and compact. mining engineer J aipur region. There is scope for setting up of granite cutting polishing units. 5 are cement plants. The block size is upto 2.Jhajhar. pipes etc. (iii) Moti Cements. (i) Thar Cement Ltd. (iv) Shakambhari Cements. The telephone numbers of these offices are as below. The 1374 small scale units consist of 71 granite cutting . Udaipurwati and Khetri. Mineral based Industries The district consists of 1 large scale unit.Pyrophyllite Soapstone-pyrophyllite occurrences have been reported from Khoh. medium to coarse grained. . Jhunjhunu and Hukumpura Bamlawas. Udaipurwati. Bansiyal. in these areas. A total of 27 plots are presently exisiting in the district. Steel. which has a capacity of 31000 TPA. Nawalgarh. Makhar.Teh.5 mts. Jhunjhunu. Badalwas etc.5 x 1 x 1 TIlt. Rizhani.5 x 1. Dist. Report on the systematic geological mapping around Singhana.C. D. Jhunjhunu district. Jhanwar. The aerial survey has been completed. Dassarma. Exploration for cement grade limestone near village Gothara. Khetri Copper Belt. Geomorphological studies of factor controlling oxidation of sulphide mineralisation in the southern extension of the Khetri copper belt Sikar & Jhunjhunu district. R. 1986-87. K. Sikar and Jhunjunu districts. Investigation for base metals in Manahsas (Pb-Zn) and Heori (Cu. Report on the regional geochemical survey for polymetalic mineralisation in MandhaoraChhapoli-bagora area Khetri Copper belt. 1973-74. Mathur. 1975-76.. Jhunjhunu & Sikar districts. 1985-86. Gathania. Ajitsagar and Sohla areas. Integrated remote sensing studies of the Northern part of Khetri copper belt and adjoining areas Jhunjhunu & Sikar districts. Dasi Nalpur. The data is being processed.) prospects southern Khetri copper belt. R. 1973-74. J1hunjunu district. Gathania. Structure. Gangopadhyay. Integrated remote sensing survey of mineralised zones in parts of Khetri area. Tehsil Nawalgarh.. The total revenue earned during 1997-98 was Rs.Sikar & Jhunjhunu district. Report on the Geology and Copper Mineralisation in Manasagar block. Unpublished Geological Reports of Jhunjunu district (A) Geological Survey of India & others (Available with deptt. 1983-87. Jhunjhunu & Sikar district. Two foreign companies M/s Acc Riotinto Exploration Ltd. Jhunjunu districts. 2. 1973-74. Pacheri. Harpavat. Evaluation studies for marble deposits in Jaipur. Jhunjhunu. Investigation of iron ore depostis in parts of Sikar & Jhunjhunu district by Geological Mapping on Air Photographs & Plane table mapping.1. vinod. .65 lacks. Report on the regional geochemical survey for polymetalic mineralisation in Mandhaora-Chhapli-Bagora area Khetri copper belt. 1984-86. 600.. There are 31 leases of major minerals and 158 for minor minerals in the district. and Mls Meridian Minerals have been granted license to carry out aerial geophysical survey for locating minerals in this district.C.. Report on the studies of the post Delhi granitic intrusives in the Khetri copper belt with special reference to their bearing on sulphi~e mineralisa tion. of Mines & Geology) Kumar. Basu & Chaurasia. A. Grover. C. 1986-87. 1974-75. Jhunjhunu & Sikar district. Harpavat. stratigraphy and sulphide mineralisation of South Khetri copper belt. S. Basu. P.. A report on investigation for cement grade limestone in the applied area by M/ s Iunalur Paper Mills in Sikar and Jhunjunu districts and feasibility study for setting up a major cement plant. S. district Jhunjhunu. Khetri Copper Belt. 1973-75. Maota etc. S. M... Jhunjunu. Report on the geological mapping of Malani Igneous rocks in and around Jhunjhunu town. N. Khetri Copper Belt district Jhunjhunu. Agwani. Ranawat. M. S. S.L. Haque. . 1967-71..Ragunandan. 1976-78. Sikar & Jhunjhunu district. A. Udaipurwati. M. Udaipurwati & Nawalgarh. Khetri Copper Belt Jhunjhunu district.L. 1979. (near Rajota) Khetri Copper Belt district Jhunjunu. T. Report on exploration for copper in the Banwas area. A report on geophysical survey for limestone in Basawa.B. S. C.B. 1989-90. Udaipurwati district Jhunjunu. K. Shanmugam. K. U.. Prospecting for granite. Teh. Gupta. limestone etc. A report on recomaissance for economic minerals near village Chirana.. Ddaipur district Jhunjunu. M. Report on Geoyhysical investigations for limetstone in Basawa-khiror area district .Khiror area. Report on the exploration for copper ore in Deoro block. Jhunjhunu.K. (B) Department of Mines & Geology Shrivastava. & distt. Srivastava. Reconnaissance for granite. Report on the Geological Mineralisation and exploration in Papurana section. 1970-72.M.. Budhariyaki-dhari chanara tech. Gupta. S.M. R. Kho-Mandaora. & Sharma. Teh. Basematals and other economic mineral around Udaipurwati. Trivedi. Report on large scale geological Mapping. Sharma. K. Wakhloo. C.. Luhadia. 1979. Geochemical sampling and drilling in Karodh North Block. district Jhunjunu. Sharma. & Bhargawa. S. K.. 1956-57. Kolihan section.Jhunjunu. near village Cudhaga-vrji. A report on study of granite in teh. A report on investigation for limestone in Basawa.L. Bhargava. district.A report on the investigation of fluortite deposit in Chowkri-Chhapoli area. M. 1973-76. Dodia. Harpavat. Srivastava & Surana... A. Bhatnagar. Mineral survey report of Sikar & Jhunjhunu districts. Parasrampur area of teh. 1980-81. M. Statistical information of Jhunjhunu district 1990 & 97-98 .