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Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Федеральное агентство по образованию Южно-Уральский государственный университет Кафедра лингвистики и межкультурнойкоммуникации Ш143.21 Ф534 ИСТОРИЯ ЯЗЫКА И ВВЕДЕНИЕ В СПЕЦФИЛОЛОГИЮ Планы семинарских занятий для студентов III курса факультета лингвистики Челябинск Издательство ЮУрГУ 2006 ББК Ш143.21-0 История языка и введение в спецфилологию: Планы семинарских занятий для студентов III курса факультета лингвистики /Сост. Е.А. Филиппенко, Л.В. Семянникова. – Челябинск: Изд. ЮУрГУ, 2006. – 40 с. Семинарские и практические занятия по истории английского языка предусмотрены в количестве 38 часов и направлены на ознакомление студентов с историей развития английского языка как части истории германских языков, на формирование умений наблюдать различные языковые изменения и устанавливать между ними связь, на выработку у студентов умений давать исторический анализ и объяснять явления современного английского языка. Рекомендации предназначены для студентов III курса факультета лингвистики, специальностей 031201 – «Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур» и 031202 – «Перевод и переводоведение». Одобрено лингвистики. учебно-методической комиссией факультета Рецензент Федотова М.Г. © Издательство ЮУрГУ, 2006. 2 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Данные методические рекомендации существенно помогут студентам, изучающим курс «История английского языка и введение в спецфилологию», в практическом овладении основами этой дисциплины и будут способствовать их серьезной самостоятельной работе. Каждая из 18 тем курса включает: – перечень проблем, выносимых на обсуждение; – список рекомендуемой литературы; – практическое задание; – упражнения по теме. Практические задания подобраны в соответствии с принципом от простого к сложному. Так, на начальных этапах составляются различные таблицы, иллюстрирующие изучаемые явления. В дальнейшем предлагается сделать морфологический анализ и перевод на современный английский язык отрывков из произведений древнеанглийского периода. Изучение текстов разных исторических периодов, особенно их лингвистический анализ, значительно облегчается и ускоряется, если обучающиеся выполняют ряд специальных упражнений. Использование на семинарских занятиях подобного рода заданий объясняется тем, что студентам легче дается наблюдение над отдельными явлениями языка с последующим переходом к анализу этих явлений в связном тексте. При отборе упражнений автор-составитель исходил из тех трудностей, которые встречаются в практической работе над прослушанным курсом лекций по истории английского языка. Чаще всего эти трудности связаны с объяснением фактов фонетического, грамматического строя, словарного состава современного английского языка в историческом плане. В завершение предлагаются темы для самостоятельной подготовки, написания письменной работы и выступления с докладом. Стуктура данных рекомендаций, система упражнений и заданий направлены на развитие творческого научного мышления студентов, на выработку умений наблюдать и анализировать языковые явления, а также на формирование умений самостоятельно извлекать и усваивать информацию. 3 SEMINAR 1 Old Germanic Languages Questions Internal and external factors of language evolution. The laws of language development. Old and modern Germanic languages and their classification. The importance of the Gothic language. Chronological divisions in the history of English. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T.A. A History of English. – M.: Астрель АСТ, 2001. – P. 24–33, 49–55. Ilyish B. History of the English language. – L.: Prosvesheniye, 1973. – P. 9–11, 34– 39. Арсеньева М.Г., Балашова С.П. Введение в германскую филологию. – М.: ГИС, 1998. – С. 5–27, 91–96, 166–176. Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П. История английского языка. – СПб.: Лань, 1999. – С. 7–11. Хлебникова И.Б. Введение в германскую филологию и историю английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1996. – С. 22–24. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Practice Assignment Compile a table representing the classification of old and modern Germanic languages. SEMINAR 2 Linguistic Peculiarities of Old Germanic Languages Questions Word stress. The consonantal system (Grimm’s Law, Verner’s Law). The vocalic system. The morphological system in old Germanic languages: – nouns and adjectives; – strong and weak verbs. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. Чахоян Л. Exercises 1. History of the English language. 4. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. triu. нагой Russ. Nakt Goth. Хлебникова И. – M. Ilyish B. 1998.: Prosvesheniye.П. 2. – P. 3. Арсеньева М. 2001. magan (to be able.. – C. Балашова С. Explain the correspondences of vowels and consonants in the following pairs of words taken from Germanic and non-Germanic languages: OE balu (mischief) Russ. дерево OE frēond (friend) OE cin (chin) OE fām (foam) OE nakod.Г. gena Russ. 38–80. 1999.П. 133–135. приятель Lat. 25–82. homo OE maZan. – СПб. may) Russ. – М. Germ. Введение в германскую филологию. A History of English. 98–100. whose cognates are found in other Germanic languages? 5 . 12–30. 8. боль OE cēōsan (to choose) Lat. Practice Assignment Compile a table demonstrating Grimm’s Law. – C. gustāre Germ. their social life.П. Введение в германскую филологию и историю английского языка.: Астрель АСТ.A.: Лань. пена Russ.Б. Vocabulary. Иванова И.. What can you say about the life of the Teutons from the following list of English words.: ГИС. 1996. Salz (salt) Russ. мочь (могу. – P. История английского языка. – C. 46–52. Verner’s Law. 1973. – М. – L. geographical conditions from the words of their language. We can learn a lot about the culture of the people. может) Russ. 5. Goth. OE trēo (tree) 2.5. соль OE Zuma (man) Lat.: Высшая школа. 34–48. – old English prose.П. OE dialects and OE written records. 3. Чахоян Л.: Астрель АСТ.. History of the English language. 3.П. Germanic settlement of Britain. SEMINAR 4 Old English Phonetics Questions 1.A. Written Records Questions 1. Practice Assignment Compile a summary table representing the OE kingdoms.. 55–71. 1. A History of English.borough. Old English alphabet and rules of reading. north. 4. – L. calf..: Prosvesheniye. История английского языка. – C. Ilyish B. east.: Лань. The old English kingdoms. – СПб. west. SEMINAR 3 Old English Dialects. earl. Old English written records: – old English poetry. – M. Чахоян Л. – C.П. cliff. broth. Иванова И. king. time. ship. whale. 2001. Иванова И. 2. Anglo-Saxon Britain. sheep. wheat. south. tin. 4. 2000. Pre-Germanic Britain. 5.П. sea. Old English dialects. year. Практикум по истории английского языка. fox. 1999. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. 6 . – P. 40–43. – P. 67–68. 11–15.М. house. 1973. Беляева Т. – СПб. 2. Хлебникова И.П.П.: Prosvesheniye. 177– 179. 5. diphthongisation • mutation • lengthening. Арсеньева М. 2. Иванова И. contraction.: Астрель АСТ. Read the extract from King Alfred’s translation of the World History by Orosius (9th c. Иванова И. Беляева Т. – М.М.Г. − palatalization. 44–53. þæt hē ealra Norðmanna norþmest būde. 1996. – L. hardening. 53–68. – C. metathesis. A History of English.: Лань.. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. on huntoðe on wintra and on sumera on fiscaþe be þǽre sǽ” 7 . 4–25.: Высшая школа.П. Ilyish B. – СПб. Hē sǽde þeah þæt þæt land sīe swīþe lanZ norþ þonan. История английского языка. Hē cwæð þæt hē būde on þǽm lande norþweardum wiþ þā Westsǽ.: Лань. 5. 3. 6. History of the English language. – M.): “Ōhthere sǽde his hlāforde. – C. narrowing. rhotacism. 74–90. – C.П. − assimilative changes: • breaking.П.. 83–92. būton on fēawum stōwum styccemǽlum wīciað Finnas. loss of consonants.. 2000. 2001. 2.2. 1. ac hit is eal wēste. 1999. 6. Введение в германскую филологию и историю английского языка. Практикум по истории английского языка. The phonetic processes in the old English vocalic system: − independent changes (development of monophthongs and diphthongs).. Old English vowels. Ælfrēde cyninZe. 1973. Compile a table of the phonetic processes of OE vowels. The phonetic processes in the old English consonantal system: − voicing and devoicing of fricatives. assimilation. Введение в германскую филологию. – P. 4. Чахоян Л. – СПб. Чахоян Л. 4. – P. Practice Assignment 1.Б.A. 3. Old English consonants. – C. Word stress in old English. Балашова С. the king. Þ. He said that he lived on that land to the North of the Atlantic ocean. He said also that the land was (OE is) very far (long) north from there. Say. others are Gothic: hardus – heard. words: īc ‘ I ’ cūþon ‘(they) knew’ cynerice ‘kingdom’ bōc ‘book’ AnZelcynn ‘England’ Zeþiode ‘language’ enZlisc ‘English’ siZlan ‘to sail’ hæfde ‘(he) had’ Zefeoht ‘fight’ in the following OE ofer ‘over’ bysgu ‘business’ þēah ‘though’ faran ‘to go’ secZan ‘to say’ 3. fairra – feor. Z. Read the words paying attention to the stress: modor (n) mid-niht (n) mis-dǽd (n) Zerestan (v) offaran (v) onZinnan (v) wrītan (v) tima (n) talu (n) ā-risan (v) tō-weard (adj) forweorþan (v) C 2. augo – ēaZe. mah – meaht. Point out the phonetic features on the basis of which some of the words are OE. but on few places here and there lived (OE live) the Finns hunting in winter and fishing in summer by that sea). 8 . ZunZ Zyfan NE to gather gall [gLl] year young to give OE Zyldan. Compare the pronunciation of the NE sounds expressed by ‘Z’ in the following OE words: OE Zaderian Zealla Zēar Zeong. wōpjan – wēpan. S. that he lived (had lived) to the North of all Northmen (Scandinavians). Zylden Zylt hēZ dæZ Zyrnan (Ziernan) NE gild [gIld]. State OE and Gothic words. mete – matis. slēan – slahan.(Ohthere said to his lord Alfred. gold guilt hay day to earn 4. lēas – laus. but it was (OE is) all uninhabited. Exercises 1. Y. what sounds are expressed by the letters F. eall – alls. 3. *finf – OE fīf (NE five). horse (OE hors). What phonetic processes are illustrated by the following pairs of words: Goth. – C. Чахоян Л. isarn – OE īren (NE iron). Rastorguyeva T. Morphological classification of old English nouns. to rise (OE rīsan). Goth. – СПб. 1973.. − the category of case. − the minor types of declension. A History of English. heaven (OE heofon). Parts of speech and grammatical categories in old English.П. Goth. Declensions: − the strong declension. История английского языка. Goth. – P. Reference Material 1. 2. 3. North (OE Norþ). the use of cases. Goth.П. – L. saljan – NE sellan (NE to sell). to choose (OE cēōsan). *bridda – OE bird (NE bird).: Prosvesheniye. – M. dauþs – OE dēad (NE dead). 2001. 6. − the weak declension. The Noun Questions 1. to think (OE þyncan). maiza – OE māra (NE more). to bathe (OE baþian).: Астрель АСТ. kunþian – OE cŷðan (NE to inform). The grammatical categories of old English nouns: – the category of gender.: Лань. 63–73. 2.5. – P. path (OE pæð). History of the English language. other (OE oðer). − the category of number. SEMINAR 5 Old English Morphology. Ilyish B. What peculiarities of OE consonants can account for the difference in the sound values of the underlined letters in the following modern words: sand. OGerm. 100–108. 1999. 92–101. Иванова И. silba – OE seolf (NE self).A. 9 . ? D.f. The Adjective.). Compile a table of the declensions of OE nouns.. ? ? ? heortan 3. N.: Высшая школа. Exercises 1. Практикум по истории английского языка. ? N.n.a. m. ? D. 111–117. bōc G.4.ī.).: Лань.). Чахоян Л. brōþeres G. 2. horn (n. The Adverb. N. Хлебникова И.). 26–34. sg. ? G.П. 5. – СПб. ? Ac.). Ac.f. Monday. ? Ac.m. – М. Learn by heart the extract from King Alfred’s translation of the World History by Orosius (see Seminar 4). Иванова И. pl. hūs-bonda (n. ? D.).n. ? Ac. sg.f. brōþor N. heall (n. The Pronoun.n. wordes G. word N.s. ? N. SEMINAR 6 Old English Morphology. ? Ac.jō. ēāZe (n.). of the following OE nouns: dæZ (n. N.Б. ? pl. G. bōce D. D. Беляева Т. – C. word N. ecZ (n.).n.ja. rīce (n. Wednesday. Введение в германскую филологию и историю английского языка.m. State the type of the declensions and complete the table: sg. pl. heorte ? ? ? pl. G.).). D. – C.cons. bōc (n. ? D. i.П.). Practice Assignment 1. Thursday and the absence of this ending in Sunday. lamb (n.М. sg. ? Ac. bēc G. word (n.n. 1996. 2000.. mere (n. pl. The Numeral 10 . bēc.a. 2. Give the forms of the Nom. ? G.n. Explain the use of the ending of the Genetive case in the names of the week: Tuesday. ? D.n. Friday. ? Ac.a. Ac. Give the forms of Acc. What forms of adjectives (strong or weak) should be used in the following sentences? Fill in the blanks with the appropriate endings: 11 .. 2000. The adverb. – C. History of the English language. 132–133. sēo.1.A. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. 2. 1999.М. 3. 4. 26–40. 131–132.: Лань. 3.: Астрель АСТ. Exercises 1.. – P. Иванова И. Иванова И. 124–128. Practice Assignment 1. þæt. Практикум по истории английского языка. 2. Compare them with the forms of the pronouns which have been preserved in ModE and explain the origin of the modern forms.: Prosvesheniye. 1973. 2001. Questions Pronouns: − personal pronouns. sg. – СПб. of the pronouns hēo.. Чахоян Л. 5. 112–116. 2. 4. История английского языка. − demonstrative pronouns. – M. – СПб.П. 2. A History of English. The adjective: − the strong declension. 3. Other classes of pronouns. – L. The numeral. 1. 74–84. – P. Чахоян Л. Decline the pronoun īc.П.П.: Лань. − the degrees of comparison. sg. – C. Беляева Т. Ilyish B. − the weak declension. Compile a table of the declensions of OE adjectives. Cardinal and ordinal numerals. and Dat. 102–108. Compile a table of the declension of OE personal and demonstrative pronouns.П. number and gender of the nouns: Zōdne mann. blæcum wulfe. 5. þā bōc. SEMINAR 7 Old English Morphology. Count in OE. swēte. þā bēc. hira manna. lŷtel. Explain the interchange of the root vowels in the forms of the degrees of comparison: smæl smælra smalost ‘slender’ hēah hīerra hīehst ‘high’ brādra brādost brād ‘broad’ brædra brædest 8. 6. earm. þone here. blindena dēora. 4. 7. Define the case. micel. 9. blæc.and þā ātuZon þone hāliZ__ mann ūt of his hūse ‘and they drove that holy man out of his house’. blæcum wulfum. eald. sceorte tala. lanZ. Decline the adjective Zōd. Zōdra tunZan. Decline the cardinal numeral ān. Īc eom Zōd__ hierde ‘I am a good shepherd’. The Verb 12 . þā swīn. cyninZes secZa. Give the comparative and the superlative degrees of the adjectives: Zōd. ZeonZ. blinda dēor. Хлебникова И.. – М.М. Беляева Т. 1. Its grammatical categories. 136–151. Иванова И. History of the English language.74– 84. Non-finite forms of the old English verb. – M.П. 108– 124. Введение в германскую филологию и историю английского языка. Preterite-present. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T.Б.П. – Find other verbal forms in the text.. 2001. – P. Иванова И. Практикум по истории английского языка. Old English weak verbs.: Высшая школа. – СПб. 93–111. – C. Чахоян Л.. 3.. and then he went southwards with all his army.. General characteristics of the old English verb. preterite-present. he ordered that they should tell him everything. Old English strong verbs. Analyse their forms. Analyse them. 2.П. When he understood that folk had submitted. 1999. – Identify the forms of the verbs underZietan and bēōdan. – C. – СПб. 5. 1996. 5. Practice Assignment Read the text: Syððan hē underZeat þæt eall folc him tō ZeboZen wæs. 3. 4..: Астрель АСТ. Peculiarities of the three classes. suppletive verbs. Чахоян Л. – L. 4. 2. The system of ablaut in strong verbs.: Лань. and hē ðā wende syððan sūðweard mid fulle fyrde. История английского языка. 1973.Questions 1. anomalous (irregular and suppletive) verbs. 40–60. 2000. – P. Exercises 13 .П. A History of English. – C..: Лань. Ilyish B.: Prosvesheniye. þā bēād hē þæt man sceolde him ǽZhwylc tellan.A. – Find in the text weak. baþian (to bathe). sewen. scēat. forspendan (to spend). scēotan. ferian – ferede (NE to carry). stelan ? ? ? ? scān ? ? ? ? æton ? ? ? ? sunZen ceorfan ? ? ? ? ? ? wearð sanc ? wōc ? ? wurdon ? ? ? ? ? worden ? Zliden ? bacen meaning to steal to shine to eat to sing to carve to become to sink to glide to wake to bake 3. seah. coren. cēas. feallen. bundon. lōcian – lōcode (NE to look). stīZan. supply the missing forms: Past sg. fēoll. bunden. flēoZan. fæstan (to fasten). sēon. 4. Define which verbs of those listed below belong to the 1st and which to the 2nd class of weak verbs. lūcan. helpan. fēollon. weorðan.II). nam. healp. Past pl. 14 . locen. holpen. Part. Conjugate the verb bēon. locon. Past pl. Past sg. stiZon. band. fluZon. timbrian (to build). stiZen. Pay attention to the suffix of the infinitive: begnornian (to deplore). State the class of the following strong verbs.1. wurdon. worden. cēāðian (to buy). wearð. cēōsan. sendan (to send). floZen. niman.. Explain why some OE weak verbs build the Past form with the help of the dental suffix only and others use the connecting vowel. dēman (to deem). Part. Group the following verbs in the classes and the four principal forms (the infinitive. 2. bindan.. nōmen. scuton. scoten. curon. II Inf. hulpon. In the list below there are all forms for each verb: stāh. sāwon. flēah. namon. How does this peculiarity influence the further development of this or that group of verbs? For example: cēpan – cēpte (NE to keep). feallan. lēac. 5. 15 . types of clauses and means of connection between them. – C.. Parts of the sentence.: Лань. История английского языка. – C. 1.П. means of connection between clauses. – L. – P. 2. Практикум по истории английского языка. þǽr syndon lyþran wedera þonne on Brittannia.SEMINAR 8 Old English Syntax Questions The phrase.П. Word order. (3) HīZ hæfdon heora lufsang Zesungene. History of the English language. 1999. 1973. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. 124–129. – СПб. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. 1999.П.: Астрель АСТ. Чахоян Л. Ilyish B. – C.П. 2001. 292–295. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: The description of Britain “Brittannia þæt īZland... 4. 270–288. (6) Īc eom HiZelaces mæZ ond maZo-þeZn. − the complex sentence. 1... (4) Sē here ne com oftor.. 239–252.”// Иванова И. Чахоян Л.: Лань.: Prosvesheniye. 2. – СПб. – M. 114–133.A. 319. The composite sentence − the compound sentence. – СПб.: Лань.М. 2000. Беляева Т. 3. Чахоян Л.П... Practice Assignment Read. – P. 216–231. hæbbe ic mǽrða fela ongunnen on ZeoZoþe. Иванова И. 3. (5) . The simple sentence. A History of English.. 60–66. Determine the type of the predicates in the following sentences and the means of their expression: (1) Hēr syndon Zēfērede feorran cumene Gēata lēode.П. (2) Īc hŷrde niht. oð hīe Zegān hæfdon. Иванова И. 4. Exercises 1.. (2) .. (3) Is þæt sǽd. ðæt nān mon ðone æstel from ðǽre bēc ne niman cann. if it seems so also for you).. (4) Hæfde sē cyninZ his fierd on tō tōnumen.. 5. (3) . þæt swīðe fēawa wǽron behionan Humbre. ond wæs sē cynZ þā þiderweardes on fære. Define the structure of the following sentences: (1) Mē ðyncð betre.. (3) Bēōð Zē on sǽlum. attributes and adverbial modifiers in the following sentences... 16 ... Zif wē þā stilnesse habbað.. Point out the peculiarities of their expression as compared with ModE: (1) Đǽs ymb III niht Æþelred cyninZ and Ælfred his broþur þǽr micle fierd tō RēādinZum Zelǽddon.. (3) Đǽr wǽron bollan stēāpe boren.2. (5) . ond īc wēne.... 4. 6.. Define the type of word order: (1) Ic Zehāte hit þē.. Zif ēōw swǽ ðyncð (it seems better for me.. . Mark objects.. Explain the forms of the agreement between the subject and the predicate: (1) Swǽ clǽne hīo wæs oþfeallen on AnZelcynne. (2) Hīē ðā swā dydon: worrhton þā tū Zeweorc on twā healfe þǽre ēās. 3. ðæt wē þā on þæt Zeðīōde wenden. (6) Đǽr wǽron bollan stēāpe boren. hē lēt him þā of handon lēofne flēoZan hafoc wið ðǽs holtes and tō þǽre hilde stōp. Mark the subjects and determine the ways of their expression.. þæt hī fērdon and nēalēcton tō þǽre ceastre. (2) Sēo is brādre þonne ǽniZ man ofersēon mæZe.. State the syntactic function of the underlined words: (1) Sum man hæfde twēZen suna. (5) . (2) Ond ic bebīode on Zodes naman. (4) .. ðætte nōht moniZe beZiondan Humbre nǽren. Чахоян Л.. 5. 4. The structure of the old English vocabulary. affixation). Беляева Т. 2001. þæt hēr þŷ māra wīsdom on londe wǽre. 5. 17 . mark the main and subordinate clauses. 1999. Word-formation in old English: – word derivation (sound interchanges. Практикум по истории английского языка. þŷ wē mā Zeþēoda cūðon. (3) Đonne naman ānne wē hæfdon.: Астрель АСТ.П. Determine the type of the sentence.(2) Gewāt him þā sē æðelinZ ond his āZen sunu tō þǽs Zemearces.. – P. 56–63. – C. Etymological layers of native words in old English. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. 1973.. 1. 4. Stylistic stratification of the old English vocabulary.П. 6.П.М. Borrowings from Latin before the Anglo-Saxon invasion. state the type of the subordinate clause and means of connection between them: Ac ic þā sōna eft mē selfum andwyrde ond cwæð: hīe ne wēndon. Чахоян Л.A. Иванова И. þe him metod tǽhte.. – СПб. – M. SEMINAR 9 Old English Vocabulary Questions 1. – word-composition. Ilyish B. История английского языка. þæt ǽfre menn sceolden swǽ reccelēase weorðan ond sīo lār swǽ oðfeallan.П. 3. 67–69. ðætte wē cristne wǽren. – P.. Иванова И. wadan ofer wealdas. Borrowings from Celtic. – L. 15–18. for þǽre wilnunZa hīe hit forlēton ond woldon. History of the English language..: Лань. 2. word stress. ond swīðe fēawe ðā ðēawes. – СПб. A History of English.: Prosvesheniye. 131– 147..: Лань. 2000. 7. – C. stranZlic. hāl ‘healthy’ – wan-. Determine the part of speech and the meaning of the words in the right column derived from the words in the left one: leornian v. Using the list of OE words borrowed from Latin. and cannot be referred to as compounds already in OE? Why? frēondlīc ‘friendly’ (frēond ‘friend’+ līc ‘body’. ealddōm scearplic.Practice Assignment Read. Add negative prefixes to the following words and explain the meaning of the derivatives: rot ‘glad’ – un-. Чахоян Л.П. . Zeornfullic 3.. 1999. 317.. ‘friend’ stranZ adj. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Ohthere’s and Wulfstan’s Story “Ōhthere sǽde þæt. cūþ ‘to know’ – un-. sorZlic. fæstlice. ‘to learn’ leornere. līcian ‘to please’ – mis-. ‘firm. Zeornfulnes. – СПб. ‘old’ scearp adj.. stranZlice ealdian.. ‘eager’ frēondlēas. scearpnis sorZian. frēondrǽde stranZian. ‘sorrow’ fæst adj. limpan ‘to happen’ – mis-. Zeornlice.. frēondscipe. compound by their origin..: Лань. fæstlic.. Ze-līc ‘alike’) Zēarlīc ‘yearly’ (Zēar ‘year’+ līc) swelc ‘such’ (swā ‘so’+ līc) 18 . – C. fæstnis Zeornful. cirice ‘church’ 2. 4. leorninZ. What words listed below. sorZful fæste. ‘strange’ eald adj.... ealdunZ.. þone man hǽt ScirinZes heal”// Иванова И. cest ‘chest’ cealc ‘chalk’ enZel ‘angel’ cyrice. ‘sharp’ sorZ n. fæstan.. fast’ Zeorn adj.. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. spēdiZ ‘rich’ – un-.П. scearplice... leornunZ frēond n. Exercises 1. Zeornan.. Zeorne.... explain what kind of contacts the OE people had with Rome at different historical stages: ynce ‘inch’ cytel ‘kettle’ plante ‘plant’ weall ‘wall’ bēte ‘beet’ pipor ‘pepper’ pytt ‘pit’ copor ‘copper’ ciste.. 5. 5. weorold-snotor. weorold-līf. 7. Quantitative changes of stressed vowels. 4. hrān-rād – ‘a whales’ road’. Define the meaning of the following compound words typical of OE poetry with an ornamental component: ŷð-henZest – ‘a water-horse’. rank’) wīsdōm ‘wisedom’ (wīs ‘wise’+ dōm ‘doom. 6. Monophthongization of old English diphthongs and the development of new diphthongs. wedlock’ (Zaderian ‘to gather’+ scīpe ‘state. state’) Zaderscīpe ‘matrimony. Rules of reading. SEMINAR 10 Middle English Morphology. loss of consonants). The system of vowels: changes of unstressed vowels. tunZol-cræft (tunZol – a heavenly body. development of fricatives. The Nominal System Questions Word stress in middle English. weorold-bearn. planet). bōc-cræft (bōc – a book). generation’) munuchād ‘monk life’ (munuc ‘monk’+ hād ‘rank. What spheres of the science can be named by the compound words: lǽce-cræft (lǽce – a leech). Changes in the alphabet and spelling. Zūþ-beorn – ‘a battle man’. What meanings of the word weorold are realised in the OE words: weorold-ende. 2. sǽ-wudu – ‘a sea-tree’. fate’) yrfenuma ‘heir’ (yrfe ‘inheritance’+ niman ‘to take’). 6.hwelc ‘which’ (hwā ’who’+ līc) hlāford ‘lord’ (hlāf ‘bread. weorold-dryhten. The system of consonants (growth of sibilants and affricates. loaf’+ weard ‘guard’) weorold ‘world’ (wer ‘warrior’+ ealdi ‘age. Zūþ-wine – ‘a battle friend’. 3. 1. rīm-cræft (rīm – a number). 19 . Qualitative changes of stressed vowels. beadu-lēōma – ‘a battle-ray’. weorold-fæder. – СПб.: Лань. Exercises 1...П.И.П. 2. – СПб. 209–218. Practice Assignment Read the extract from Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (The Prologue): “Whan that Aprille with his shores sote. – М. 100–112.: Лань.. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Ōhthere’s and Wulfstan’s Story “Đyder hē cwæþ.: Лань. –P.. History of the English language. Ilyish B. 5. 1999. Explain the phonetic changes in the following OE words which took place in ME: OE rād – ME rod ‘road’ OE Zōs – ME goos ‘goose’ OE hyll – ME hill ‘hill’ OE heofon – ME hevn ‘heaven’ OE sēcan – ME seken ‘to seek’ OE dæZ – ME day ‘day’ OE cild – ME child ‘child’ OE hlysten – ME listen ‘to listen’ OE clǽne – ME clene ‘clean’ OE hlāf – ME lof ‘loaf. 2001. Read.. – P.A. 317. – C. Чахоян Л. История английского языка. 52–94.. Иванова И. –L. Хрестоматия// История английского языка.П. – M. 1973. 3. 366–367.184–200. – СПб. A History of English. 2. 70–78. – C. Практикум по истории английского языка.П. sceort.П.. 4.: Добросвет. cēāp.М. Чахоян Л.:Prosvesheniye. secZan. – C.. Беляева Т. – C. – C.. Чахоян Л.160–173. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. That slepen al the night with open ye”// Иванова И. Иванова И. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период).П. cēōsan.: Астрель АСТ.: Лань. bread’ OE lufian – ME loven ‘to love’ OE nama – ME name ‘name’ OE pleZian – ME pleyen ‘to play’ OE ecZe – ME edge ‘edge’ OE fisc – ME fish ‘fish’ OE fŷr – ME fir ‘fire’. – СПб.П. 1999. 20 . Speak on the change of the OE palatalised plosives in ME: scacan. 1999.1. 2000.П. Чахоян Л. 1998. Смирницкий А. Īralande and þissum lande” // Иванова И. 68–89. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. The adjective: – the decay of declensions. – interrogative. herd. – the decay of declensions. yvel. 21 . edge. 2. seven (<OE seofon). knowen.3. State which words are OE and which are ME. Read the following ME words: open. child. Give your reasons: sōna – sone nefa – neve mous – mūs child – cild Zŷt – yet mydnyght – mid-niht 5. may. Restore the OE spelling of the following ME words: se wulves with gift seven ston over thousand doughter SEMINAR 11 Middle English Morphology. The pronoun: – changes in personal pronouns. The development of the noun: – changes in the grammatical categories. 6. blak. – the development of possessive pronouns. taughte. 3. weke. what. relative pronouns. my. Explain the appearance of the letter ‘v’ in the following ME words: loven (<OE lufian). hous. – degrees of comparison. that. bowe. haven (<OE habban). five (<OE fīf). night. snow. wisdom. now. 4. doore. indefinite. the development of the article system. queen. love. thief. The Nominal System Questions 1. – changes in demonstrative pronouns. foul. – C. Ilyish B. horsen. deden. История английского языка. – C.. 1999. goos.: Лань. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Beowulf “Beowulf maþelode . ǽfter sēlest”// Иванова И. honden. Иванова И. on Edwardes kinges deZe. Беляева Т. 95–120. – СПб..П. tides. – P. Чахоян Л.: Лань.. scipen. 5.П. 108–110. – C. – C... – СПб.. chyrchen. 1973. Смирницкий А.. Exercises 1. 1998.П. Practice Assignment Learn by heart the extract from Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (The Prologue): “Whan that Aprille with his shores sote. 3... Classify the nouns in the plural given below into the group including words with the old inflection of the plural and the group of nouns. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). 1999. spechen. In what sentences are the old norms of the usage the Genetive preserved? (1) . That slepen al the night with open ye”// Иванова И. foot. 174–183. oxen. wordes. 22 . 78–80.. – C. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. Хрестоматия// История английского языка.. 116–124.: Астрель АСТ.П.П. brothren. yer. (2) . – P. Чахоян Л.П. winter. shep. 2001.. 220–240.1. earen.. wummen. – СПб. lamber. 366–367. eyes. 3.: Лань.П.И. Практикум по истории английского языка. the plural inflection of which is a new formation: applen. of alle oþre folies vertues . 2. – СПб.: Добросвет.: Лань. History of the English language. Иванова И.. Чахоян Л.П. Чахоян Л. vers.: Prosvesheniye.М. brethren. 2. – M. 1999. children. tooth. mous. 2000. – М. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. A History of English. 4. sunnen. lawes. Give the forms of the plural of the following ME words: man.A. Read. hundes. 333. 128–130. Account for the use of the Genetive case expressed by the inflection -(e)s and the of-phrase.. – L. bokes. (9) ful michel thank kan i you. (3) OE siððan > ME sithens (NE since). (2) OE lonZe > ME longe (NE long).... (10) thei hidden hem alle and helden hem. vor Cristes fif wunden þu Zif me. Speak of the formation of ME adverbs: (1) OE frēōndlice > ME frendliche (NE friendly).... (7) .. Aspect). He had madd ful many a marriage of yunge wommen. (2) that ye mowen nou yhere. Determine the number and case of the underlined pronouns in the following word combinations: (3) that Crist us shilde alle fro helle. (4) we eow wulleth. (1) . Time Correlation. (4) . – anomalous verbs... 5.. – the growth of new forms in the verbal categories.. – weak verbs. – preterite-present verbs... The development of the verb: – strong verbs.. 4... (6) . of mannes hearte. The verbals. SEMINAR 12 Middle English Morphology. – the development of new grammatical categories (Voice. from every shires ende of Englond. that ich you wile telle.(3) .. (8) that we moten comen him to. (5) . The Verbal System Questions 1.. þa com ure drihten of hevenriche to heom on Đunres sleZe. (6) .. 23 . (5) and geven hem mine kinetheode. 3.... me thincth ic lede. (4) OE oon > ME ones (NE once).. 2. (7) at the beginning of ure tale.. Changes in the grammatical categories of the verb: – simplifying changes in the existing grammatical categories. Чахоян Л. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). knowen. – L...: Лань. 220–222. Determine the peculiarities of the meaning and usage of the ME verb mayen in the following sentence: Shepe that haue longe taylles may worse wyth winter been than those that haue brode taylles. 162–184. History of the English language. 189–204. – P. – М.М. 5. 241–273. OE cann – cūðe. История английского языка. 154–156. drinken. finden. 1973. Practice Assignment Read. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: The Anglo–Saxon Chronicle: “On þŷ ŷlcan Zēre . – C. 4. 194–198. been.П.. 2. OE mæZ – mihte.П. Чахоян Л. 121–139. – C.П.: Лань. 1999. 1999.: Prosvesheniye.И. looken.A. Смирницкий А. 2001. 313. – C. OE āZan – āhte. Практикум по истории английского языка. 1998. Иванова И.” // Иванова И.: Астрель АСТ. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. The analytical way of form building. 81–93. deemen. OE dearr – dorste. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. haven. OE mōt – mōste. Give ME forms of the following preterite-present verbs: OE sceal – scolde.: Добросвет.: Лань.. – P. – C. 3.П. – M. Exercises 1.. 204–206. Ilyish B. 24 . Чахоян Л. 2.П. and sume fēower cyninZes þeZnas ofslēZene. – СПб. 2000. 1. – СПб. 3.П.. Give the forms of the Past tense of the following ME verbs: writen. A History of English. Иванова И. – СПб. Беляева Т.4. spreken. The growth of analytical constructions. (2) If I do not the workis of my fadir. (2) Ne never-mo he shal his lady see. Study the analytical Perfect forms. (4) he hadde him knowe yeer by yeer.. Speak of the analytical forms of the Passive Voice in ME and ModE: (1) he was geven his lif.4. 9. Determine the peculiarities of the meaning and usage of the ME verb shall in the following sentences: (1) Nay.. he schall nat that don (No. 25 .. 7.. Determine the peculiarities of the meaning and usage of the ME verb do(n) in the following sentences.. him mette a wonder dreem… (2) we haven deserved to be slayn. heer schall he nat preche (he must not preech here). many men believeden into him. 6.. 5. Compare them with the Perfect forms in ModE: (1) we ben entered in-to shippes bord.. Compare them with the meaning and usage of the modern verb to do – did – done: (1) That he be tan and don in band. 8. nyle ye bileue to me. (2) . Compare them with ModE ones: (1) Thou shalt na-more do me to sing. (5) Thys day is the messenger gon to the toun. Explain the reason for the use of the verbs ben and haven. Determine the forms of the verbals: (1) That oon of hem. (2) every man hath told his tale. in sleeping as he lay. he shall not do that). (3) he hadde half his cours y-seyled.... Speak of the analytical forms of the Future Tense. (3) ther wordis of this bischop oughte to be taken hede to. (4) him spekinge thes thindis. (2) Arcite is banished on his heed. (3) he hadde schame to schrife him of many sinnis. Word order in middle English.П.. The simple sentence. 2001.A. Compare the following ME sentences with their translation into ModE and point out peculiarities of the syntactic structure in both periods. – C. Ilyish B. The compound sentence. 93–99. – P. 281. 309.П. – СПб. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: The Anglo–Saxon Chronicle: “On þām ǽftran Zēāre . Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. 26 . 4.– M.. History of the English language. 2000.П. 1999. 286.. Means of syntactic connection. 3.: Лань. – C. 2. 212–227..М.П. The phrase. Чахоян Л. – L. – СПб. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. 1973. 5. com SweZen cyninZ mid his flotan tō Sandwic” // Иванова И. – C.(5) Withouten merci askinge wende he. A History of English. 4.П. Иванова И. 6.: Prosvesheniye.: Астрель АСТ. 242. Parts of the sentence. Practice Assignment Read. 272.: Лань. 224–236.. История английского языка.. Exercises 1. 1. SEMINAR 13 Middle English Syntax Questions 1. 2. The complex sentence. 295–299. 277. Беляева Т. 277–294. – СПб. Практикум по истории английского языка. – P. 314. Иванова И. 252–270. 1999.: Лань. 291. Чахоян Л. 3. Чахоян Л. 274.П. Analyse changes of the syntactic structure and determine their causes: (1) Mest al that me licede ar nu hit me mislichet. moost rightful and wisest conseille to owre ligelorde the king. . (4) Bruillant. in erth hymself to stuf with sin that displeasse me most of alle... mi leoue leifdi.. (4) Leir king wende on anne feld and reste hine on folden.. Point out the subject and the predicate.. like to the trynyte.. (2) . Point out attributes and define the means of their expression..... (3) Thanne spak him child Horn..I think that death has done us wrong. State the means of their expression: Me thought I showed man luf.too late I have bethought myself of that.. but god has done me mercy.... 4. 27 .. and thonkie wulle.... me thunketh that deth hath don us wrong. (3) . What is the form and function of their ModE equivalents? (1) Thu ert soule liht and mine heorte blisse. (2) . Point out peculiarities of word order which have appeared in ModE and have widely spread: (1) Krist late us evere so for to do. 5. King Lear went to the field and rested there on the ground... of his stede him lijte adoun. and now in grete reprufe fulle low ligis he. (5) To the moost noble and worthiest lordes.. (3) Thou haves don a wicke dede. (3) Ich am i-com to speken the with.. 3. (2) A ship he bad me ordayn to safe us oure fee. when I made hym to be alle angels abuf....Most of what I loved before I don’t like now. What changes can be traced and what are their causes? (1) .. Mark direct and indirect objects and state their peculiarities as compared with the norms of ModE. the hwule thet ich liuie... 2.. ich hit thonkie the. (2) Krist of hevene was him with.to late ic habbe me bithogt.. bute god me don milce. mine heorte blod is thin. the kyng of Mountmirree... that we moten comen him to. .. . Смирницкий А. Compare the Scandinavian and French influence on the ME vocabulary (linguistic. 2. 1998. Word formation: word composition. – C.: Астрель АСТ. – C. French influence. Чахоян Л. History of the English language. Scandinavian influence.П.. geographical and social factors. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. ond hū ZesæliZica tīda ðā wǽron Ziond Angelcynn. 4.: Лань.П. nature and spheres of borrowings).: Лань. number.: Prosvesheniye. Practice Assignment Read.(4) He tellis. 2. 22–24. that a scolere at Pares had done many full sinnis. A History of English. − conversion in late middle English.И.. − word stress. SEMINAR 14 Development of the Vocabulary in Middle English Questions Changes in the vocabulary: losses of words or their meanings.П. – L. the whilke he hade schame to schrife him of.A. − affixation (native and borrowed prefixes.П. 321. Word–formation: word derivation − sound interchanges. – C. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). Exercises 1. – СПб. 1. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. 2. 5. native and borrowed suffixes). – М. 2001. 1973. 1. 4. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Cura Pastoralis (Preface): “Ælfred cyninZ hāteð grētan . additions. 3. Explain the appearance of the etymological doublets in ME: 28 . 14–51. 148–160. 3.” // Иванова И. – M.: Добросвет. – СПб. 1999.. Чахоян Л. – P. История английского языка. – P. Иванова И. replacements. Ilyish B. 296–328. 1999. jury. table. swine – pork. count. shoemaker. SEMINAR 15 Development of the Sound System in New English Questions General characteristics of the vocalic system. painter. 3. 3. The Great Vowel Shift (phonetic and graphical changes). 2. Growth of long monophthongs and diphthongs due to the vocalisation of consonants. odour – smell. – growth of sibilants and affricates. nation. State the difference in the origin between the following words: (a) cow – beef. bacon. search – look for. dinner. sport. manner. 29 1. pleasure. clergy. Comment on the following ModE synonyms. Give your examples. rider(e). 6. . lesson. sitten – setten. Scandinavian. Changes in short vowels. Define their origin (native. mislayen. French): want – wish. craftesman. 4. cleerness. 5. Changes in the system of consonants: – development of consonants and associated vowel changes. bloom – blossom. 5. Comment on the word derivation means in the following ME words: beseechen. scateren (to scatter) – schateren (to shatter). tailor – smith. 4. 6. Speak on the spheres of French borrowings: court. (b) butcher. paradise. sergeant. skrichen (to screech) – schriken (to shriek) – skremen (to scream). armour. coat. Changes in the alphabet and spelling. sheep – mutton. dance. skill – craft. scissors. jewel. honour.skyrt (skirt) – shirte. sleepish. tale (n) – tellen (v). – loss of consonants in clusters. love (n) – love (v). Чахоян Л. 81–97. 321. 3.П. – СПб. – C.”// Иванова И.. 1973. 154–181.. – M.П. 1998.. История английского языка.: Астрель АСТ.A. Хрестоматия// История английского языка.: Лань. Чахоян Л. – P. – C.П. – СПб. Ilyish B. – L. wē swīðe ēāðe maZon mid Godes fultume. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Cura Pastoralis (Preface): “For þŷ mē ðyncð betre .П.И. – C. Explain the changes in the NE words: ME NE ME NE ME NE of – of wasshe(n) – wash pass – pass his – his glas – glass wasp – wasp war – war water – water gras – grass is – is with – with fast – fast that – that thos – those palm – palm fur – fur warm – warm mast – mast calm – calm quack – quack thes – these floor – floor flour – flour there – there breeth – breath listen – listen knowen – know 2. – СПб. 2000. 188– 192.П. Чахоян Л. – P. 1999. – М. Иванова И.: Prosvesheniye. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). 2001.1. Иванова И. 113–124. A History of English..: Добросвет. 4.П. Смирницкий А. 254– 273. Практикум по истории английского языка.: Лань.М. History of the English language. Exercises 1. What phonetic simplifications can be traced in the following NE words: ME NE climbe(n) climb lamb lamb doumbe dumb 30 . Practice Assignment Read.. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T.. – C. 1999. 200–218.: Лань. Read the following ME and NE words. Беляева Т. 5. 2. danger [eI]. cant [æ].autumne autumn 3. blank [æ]. possess. branch [R]. Explain the pronunciation of the letter ‘s’ in the following words: son. group. tour. grand [æ]. ancestor [æ]. gentil). castle. bookes (ME bookes ['bLkəs]). thousand. dresses. which usually turned into the diphthong [au]. safe [eI]. why one and the same letter ‘a’ expresses different sounds: half [R]. gaunt [L]. soup. resemble (ME resemblen [rə 'semblən]). busy. breeze (Sp. answer. know. esteem (Fr. wisdom. handsome. machine. stoop (OE stūpian). grandmother. deserve. genteel (Fr. 31 . Account for the mute letters in the following ModE words: ate. estimer). wound. sauf). Christmas. (ME deserven [də'servən]). routine. glisten. redimer). haunt [L]. (Fr. route if it is known that in the 15th century there was [u:]. all [L]. muscle. walk [L]. dance [R]. wrong. rouge. 7. solemn. Give historical reasons. brisa). 6. canteen (Fr. Explain the absence of the vowel shift in the words: redeem (Fr. chagrin). Greenwich. 8. State the phonetic processes which determined different pronunciation of etymologically one and the same vowel in the roots of the following related words and their forms: child – children wild – wilderness wise – wisdom keep – kept meet – met feed – fed house – husband sheep – shepherd listen – loud merry – mirth. droop (ME droupen). 4. loop. promenade. climb. tomb (ME tumb). 5. cantine). calf [R]. Explain the absence of diphthongization in the words: NE room (OE rūm). vase. shagreen (Fr. mouse. hundred. §461. smoca. Reference Material 1. − the modern standard usage of degrees of comparison. sceal. hearm. Give ModE words which have appeared due to the certain phonetic and graphical changes: OE hyran. snāwan. A History of English. spēdan. mete. – L. SEMINAR 16 New English Morphology Questions 1.: Астрель АСТ. – P. 1973. The nominal system: − the development of the grammatical categories of the noun. §445–447. hwæt.: Prosvesheniye. Ilyish B. §512. NE whole (OE hāl). The verbal system: − new grouping of verbs. 32 . 2001. cōl. 231–276 (§441–443. 2. − changes in the system of pronouns. wearm. §520). 10. hund. Rastorguyeva T. − the further development of analytical constructions. Explain the appearance of mute letters in the following words: NE thumb (OE þuma). duru. §476–486. 273–292.9. – M. 2. mētan. sceort. − verbals. §473. NE limb (OE lim). bāt. tūn. butere. §502–509. – P. NE horse (OE hors). drīfan. History of the English language. − changes in the verb paradigm.A. NE house (OE hūs). stelan. scīnan. §495. NE delight (OE delite). dēop. bōc. 3. it was the most unkindest cut of all. – C. 1998.П. Br. smelled. to spell (Am. find – found – found. 1999. spilled. 130.П. 1999. – C.П. etc). Чахоян Л.П. spelt). State the reasons of different past tense forms of some verbs in the British and American variants of ModE: to learn (Am.: Лань. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. Exercises 1. Practice Assignment Read.: Лань. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). История английского языка. Иванова И. Give the historical reasons of the development of the Genetive case: (1) þe kyng his land (13 c. 156–162. 5. (2) the king ‘is land (15 c. Чахоян Л..3.). to spill (Am. 184–191. Br. 4. Why is the ending -en preserved in such ModE words as drunken. 4. spilt). 324–325.: Добросвет. – СПб. – СПб. spelled. 182–199. Explain the formation of the degrees of comparison of some adjectives in NE: more better. smelt). 2. 206–215.). 194–200. learnt). Br. Смирницкий А. Speak of the development of the modern pronouns this – that. to smell (Am. if it is known that in Participles II in “n+a consonant” the suffix is usually dropped (Cf. sing – sang – sung. bounden. þæt hāliZe godspel seZð.. sunken.). 110–112. – C. – М.И.. (3) the king’s land (18 c.. learned. 116–124. Br. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Aelfric’s Grammar: “Ælcum men Zebyraþ . 33 .” // Иванова И. these – those. История английского языка. §545–46). – P. 3.: Prosvesheniye.. 1999. complex). Explain the origin of some NE non-standard verbs which have developed from the OE and ME weak verbs of Class I: Inf. 1. – C. 272–273. 242–244. Negation. 2. 6.. Иванова И. 5. – P. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период)... Practice Assignment Read.6. §535–541. 1973. Смирницкий А.П. 291–292. 325. 236–239. 287. 274–275. 304– 305. 277–289 (§530–534. būton hī on juZoðe leornion?”// Иванова И.: Лань. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Aelfric’s Grammar: “And ælc man ðe wisdōm lufað . – СПб. Past Part. Ilyish B. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. Чахоян Л. Чахоян Л.П. 34 .II sell (OE sellan) sold sold put (ME putten) put put feed (OE fēdan) fed fed SEMINAR 17 New English Syntax Questions: 1. 252–268.: Астрель АСТ. History of the English language. 200–208. 277–280. – L.П. Means of connection between clauses in a complex sentence. – СПб. – C. A History of English. 4. 295–298. – М. Word order.: Добросвет. 3.: Лань. – C. Peculiarities of the phrase as a unit of an analytical language. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T.И. The composite sentence (compound. 1999. The simple sentence. 2.П. 2001. 4. 1998.A. 309–310. – M. Speak on the constructions of the following NE sentences: (1) It likes me well.. (Sonnet 133. (2) They speak of beauty and perfection’s eldest daughter. (2) He promised that he would deliver my letter. 2. 1). Define syntactic functions of the underlined words: (1) He may look his dog (Cf. (4) I will restore this man his wife. 30). (2) It shall not need. Compare the structures of the sentences with present-day English ones. (2) . 2. I saw her coral lips to move. 6. (3) It is informed me. (3) I opened the door for her to come in. (5) Nor their lyvynge is not much worse. I. (6) We shall be blessed to do your pleasure.. 3. Analyse the following sentences taken from Shakespeare’s works and determine the peculiarities of the usage of infinitives (syntactic functions) as compared with ModE: (1) Beshrew that heart that makes my heart to groan. 1... 179). ModE ‘to look for’). Determine the types of the predicate: (1) I shall do diligence.. Comment on the word order in the sentences. V.. you have my father much offended. Comment on the type of the following compound and complex sentences and determine the means of the connection in them: (1) If two men ride on a horse one must ride behind. 5. that makes man fall a traitor. (Taming of the Shrew. (2) . (3) And what would you have me to do? (All’s Well. 35 ... 4..Exercises 1. (2) How like you this play? (3) How much better is it to weep at joy than to joy at weeping! (4) She should not go there. Define their types: (1) Mother. (3) I will ever remain your assured friend.. 209–224.: Добросвет. only they looked upon each other. 2.: Астрель АСТ. ēāc moniZe cwūmon tū bicZenne þā þinZ. Reference Material 1.A.И. Иванова И. 1999. History of the English language.П. − semantic changes of words. conversion. 3. 1998. 2001. 237–253. I “Nis ūs þonne se hlisa .(3) To these things they gave him no answer. – C. – C. − word composition. A History of English. 323. Хрестоматия// История английского языка. 1999. – P. The development of word stock in new English: − borrowings from classical languages.: Лань. 2. Ilyish B. – P. Practice Assignment Read. word stress. – СПб. – C.П.. – СПб.: Лань.П. and laughed..” // Иванова И. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период).. 306–328. – М. affixation. Rastorguyeva T. – L. – M. translate and make a morphological analysis of the text: Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Liber Secundus. История английского языка. 36 .П. Чахоян Л. (4) Were I free I should go with you.: Prosvesheniye. − borrowings from contemporary languages. SEMINAR 18 New English Vocabulary Questions 1. English outside Great Britain. Чахоян Л. Смирницкий А. 3. 28–45. − word derivation (sound interchanges. 1973. 4. Spelling and pronunciation. back formation).. to steal. jungle. egal 4. cookatoo.Exercises 1. light. State the origin of the following words and explain what kind of contacts Great Britain had with these countries: macaroni. 6. Describe the semantic changes illustrated by the following words. cargo. Explain the existance of such pairs of words as: father – fatherly. readable. thick – this. cigar. 7. 5. rouble. solar. sun – sunny. island. this – his. violin. 2. Give an etymological analysis of the ModE words: house. go – note – soap. Prove that the following words are hybrid formations: retell. avanture. tomato. paternal. opera. what – this – teach – short. 37 . fate – fare. equal < OFr. point out examples of metaphoric and metonymic change. climb. kangaroo. fellow. vodka. ME) aunt ‘father’s sister’ bird ‘young fowl’ carry ‘transport by cart’ corn ‘any grain’ fare ‘travel. maize. Analyse the following ModE words from the point of view of modern spelling and pronunciation: cake – cat – car – care. go’ hound ‘dog’ 3. narrowing and widening of meaning: NE Earlier meanings (OE. use (n) – use (v). to write. me – meet – meat. debt. samovar. canoe. man. What process is examplified by the following words: adventure < Fr. 228–245. Rise of the London dialect.П. 38 . Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). Growth of the spoken standard. 3. – C. struggle between English and French). 13. 1.. 11. The modern period. Expansion of the English language from the 17th to 19th centuries. – М. 1998. – P. – P. 55–63. Ilyish B. The Norman conquest. Establishment of the English nation. 14. 34–44. Contemporary dialects. Reference Material Rastorguyeva T. Development of the national literary English language. 9–15. American English). 6. 19–45. История английского языка. the Roman conquest). Establishment of the written standard. 7. History of the English language. – C. Extension of the English territory. – M. Normalising tendencies.: Добросвет.: Prosvesheniye. Reestablishment of English as the language of state and literature (ME dialects.A.П. The Anglo-Saxon invasion.: Лань. Чахоян Л. Смирницкий А. The age of Chaucer. 12. 2001. 8. 298–302. 149–183. Historical background in Britain before the Anglo-Saxon invasion (Celtic tribes. Introduction of printing.Assignments for Self-Preparation Questions 1. Иванова И. 10.И. 4. 3. 134–148.Caxton. Varieties of English (British English. 1999. 2. 14–51. – L. W. A History of English. The Scandinavian invasion and its impact on English. 5. Historical background in Britain in the 16th-19th centuries. 140–153. 2. 1973.: Астрель АСТ. 9. Economic and social conditions in Britain after the Norman conquest. – СПб. 4. Literary Renaissance. [ð] 39 . [g].Pronunciation Key ā – [R] ǽ – [æ:] ē – [e:] ī – [i:] ō – [L] ū – [u:] ŷ – [y:] Z – [j]. ð – [θ]. [γ] þ. 6 SEMINAR 5............... The Pronoun........ 34 SEMINAR 18. Evolution of the Sound System in Middle English .... Old English Vocabulary................................................... Old English Phonetics............................... The Adverb........ 6 SEMINAR 4. The Verb ........ The Adjective..... The Nominal System ....................... 32 SEMINAR 17........................................................................................................................................................... Middle English Morphology... New English Vocabulary......................................................... The Verbal System ..................................... 21 SEMINAR 12.......... Od English Morphology............... 38 CONTENTS .................................................... Development of the Sound System in New English................... 15 SEMINAR 9............................. 17 SEMINAR 10................................ Development of the Vocabulary in Middle English ..................... Middle English Syntax................ 13 SEMINAR 8........................................................... 4 SEMINAR 2............. Old Germanic Languages ....... 29 SEMINAR 16........... 9 SEMINAR 6...... 19 SEMINAR 11...................................................... The Numeral ......................................... 11 SEMINAR 7 Old English Morphology................................. Old English Dialects... The Noun ..................CONTENTS ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ............................................................................. New English Syntax...................................... 36 Assignments for Self-Preparation ...................... New English Morphology. Middle English Morphology.............................. Old English Syntax ...... 26 SEMINAR 14............................................................................................................................................. 4 SEMINAR 3... Old English Morphology....... 23 SEMINAR 13............. 40 40 .................................................................. Linguistic Peculiarities of Old Germanic Languages .......................... Written Records ..... 28 SEMINAR 15........... 1 SEMINAR 1......................