Frankfinn Travel Assignment - Presentation Transcript1. Assignment done on Travel Management 2. Submitted By Minu Pauline . 3. Coun tries o Dubai o Mauritius o Singapore o Malaysia 4. DUBAI 5. History of Dubai o DUBAI is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates on the Arabian Peninsula. 6. o Although the early history of Dubai is not very well documented, archeological discoveries suggests that, as long as four thousand years ago, small fishing communities lived along the coast of the Arabian Gulf on the site of what we know today as Dubai. o In 1971 when the British left the Persian Gulf, Dubai together with Abu Dhabi and five other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates. The UAE dirham was adopted in 1973 as the uniform currency, by Dubai and the other emirates. o Dubai's enormous constructions and developments in various industries through innovative real estate projects, sports events, shopping festivals and conferences has attracted world-wide attention for Dubai City, establishing it as the world's leading business hub. o Dubai has a rich cultural scene with art museums, film festivals (Dubai film festival) and performing arts centers, in addition to being a shopper's delight, hosting the annually held Dubai Shopping Festival. Dubai is a city of excitement waiting to be explored holding the potential for one of the most significant international cities of the 21st century. 7. Attractions Of Dubai o The Dubai world trade centre o Dubai Creek o Dubai Museum o Bastakiya o Grand Mosque o Wafi city o Deira city centre 8. The Dubai World Trade Centre o It is Considered to be one of Dubai's premier landmarks . o The complex houses 39-storeys of local and international companies 9. Dubai Creek o Dubai Creek offers a picturesque glimpse of Dubai's trading heritage . o It can be crossed by Abra (water Taxi) 10. Dubai Museum Al Fahidi Fort, built last century, was renovated in 1970 to house a museum where 4000-year-old archaeological finds and dioramas of traditional life are among the many displays. 11. Bastakiya o The earliest form of air conditioning, the wind tower, which was used to cool homes in the Gulf, can still be seen in the Bastakiya area, to the east of Al Fahidi Fort where many traditional courtyard houses can be found. 12. Grand mosque o The Grand Mosque was only rebuilt in 1998 and boasts the city¶s tallest minaret, at 70m (231ft). Located on the Bur Dubai side of the creek, near the Ruler¶s Court, the Grand Mosque consists of nine large domes and 45 smaller ones. This huge religious edifice can house up to 1200 worshippers 13. Wafi City o Wafi City is a shopping complex that hosts a variety of designer shops, boutiques and other entertainment facilities. 14. Deira City Centre o One of the biggest shopping malls in Dubai. o It is boasts of an extensive variety of popular shops for fashion, electronics, cosmetics, furniture and more. 15. MAURITIUS 16. History Of Mauritius o The first Europeans to have visited Mauritius were the Portuguese at the beginning of the sixteenth century 17. The Dutch who settled in the island in 1598 named it Mauritius after Prince Maurice of Nassau. Among other things, the Dutch introduced sugar cane and the Java deer before leaving in 1710 where they had found in the mean time a far better settling place The Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. About five years later, in 1715, the French occupied the island, renaming it "Isle de France". It was under the French Governor, Mahé de Labourdonnais, that Mauritius knew its first development: a harbour was built. Port Louis, named after the ruling king Louis XV, became the capital of Mauritius. 18. Attractions of Mauritius o Pereybère o Cap Malheureux o Black River Gorges o Martello Towers o Dolphins 19. Pereybère o It is a wonderful public beach popular because of its shopping facilities, restaurants and pubs 20. Cap Malheureux o Cap Malheureux with its red roofed church, opens onto the northern islands with its large community of fisherman 21. Black River Gorges o This national park was created for the protection of Mauritius' remaining native forests. Visitors can enjoy magnificent landscapes, with endemic plants and rare bird species. o 22. Martello Towers o It represent the scene of the ancient rivalry between old colonial powers and the ingenuity of mankind. They are a milestone in the island's history, they symbolise the end of slavery and the beginning of Indian immigration. 23. Dolphins o Visitors do get a Unique opportunity to see Dolphins on the west coast of Mauritius. 24. SINGAPORE 25. History of Singapore o The world's busiest port, the modern nation of the Republic of Singapore, was founded as a British trading post on the Strait of Malacca in 1819. 26. Tourism had been an important sector of Singapore's economy for more than a decade, averaging 16 percent of total foreign exchange earnings and 6 percent of GDP between 1980 and 1985. Tourist arrivals had dropped sharply in 1983, however, the first decline in over twenty years. The decrease resulted both from the regional and world economic downturn at that time and from travel restrictions instituted by neighboring countries to preserve their own foreign exchange. Observers noted also that Singapore was losing its "oriental mystique and charm." In its effort to build a modern city, it had torn down old buildings and curtailed traditional street activities, aspects considered by tourists to be part of Singapore's attraction Although increasing the absolute number of visitor arrivals was the main target, a further aim was to attract the high-spending, business visitors attending conventions and trade exhibitions, which Singapore hosted in large numbers. 27. Attractions of Singapore o Singapore Discover Centre o Singapore Flyer o Snow City o Sentosa 4D magix o Singapore city Gallery o Sentosa Luge & Sky Ride o G-MAX reverse Bungy o Forest Adventure 28. Singapore Discovery Centre o The new Singapore Discovery Centre consists of 5 main galleries around 8 different themes. Guests will be able to immerse themselves in Singapore¶s past, present and future, travelling through time to key moments in Singapore¶s nationhood and experiencing them ³as they happen´. 29. Singapore Flyer o Singapore Flyer offers you breathtaking, 360° panoramic views of Singapore and beyond. o A central atrium opens out to a lush tropical r a inforest, while an open-air theatre hosts live performances. 30. Snow City o At Snow City, Singapore¶s first indoor snow centre, Visitors can experience real snow, a sub-zero climate and a three-storey high snow slope. 31. Sentosa 4D Magix Sentosa 4D Magix presents the interactive experience with 4-dimensional digital effects. o it is also Southeast Asia¶s first 4D theatre. 32. Singapore City Gallery o Can see the whole of Singapore from a unique vantage point. o An exclusive, giant aerial photograph gives you a panoramic view of Singapore without climbing great heights. 33. Sentosa Luge & Skyride o The first ever Luge in Southeast Asia. o This luge is a fun-filled gravity ride that's safe for all ages. 34. G-MAX reverse Bungy o Singapore¶s first ever bungy. o Experience G forces similar to those experienced by astronauts in a rocket launch, all in the safety of the latest G-MAX technology. 35. Forest Adventure o Forest Adventure is a Tree Top Course comprising ladders, bridges, swings, nets, trapezes and zip lines where participants move unaccompanied, from tree to tree. 36. Malaysia 37. History Of Malaysia o Malaysia's history starts generally around the establishment of the Malacca sultanate. During the 13th century, it was renowned as a major port for traders from both east and west. 38. The history of Malaysia is a relatively recent offshoot of the history of the wider MalayIndonesian world´. It is so because anthropologists and historians could see very little aspects culturally and linguistically, to distinguish today¶s Malaysian territories from the lands of the Malay Archipelago. According to their research, today¶s division of the Malay world into six different states-- Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei and East Timor ± is largely the result of external influences, like the Hindu India, the Islamic Middle East and Christian Europe (west), China and Japan (north-east). Besides, the most direct shipping route passing through the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia has naturally been a melting pot of trade routes and cultures. Thus, it has been found out that the geographical position of Malaysia has literally made it difficult for the Malay people to resist foreign influence and domination. 39. Attractions of Malaysia o Langkawi o Petronas Twin Towers, KLCC o Gunung Mulu National Park o Kinabalu Park o Sipadan Island o Sabah 40. Langkawi o For beautiful scenery, great adventures and five-star conveniences, Langkawi is the place to getaway. o Langkawi has an underwater world, containing an underground tunnel that runs though a giant aquarium, that has gotten rave reviews. 41. Twin Towers, KLCC o Finland. o Attracting diverse marine life from the blackness of the open sea. because it lies below the typhoon belt. 43. Sipadan Island o Malaysia¶s only oceanic island. Travel documents for Dubai: o A valid passport for minimum 3 months on arrival. Kuwait. capable of accommodating forty Boeing 747 airplanes. Norway. 48. 45.R. Kinabalu Park o The Kinabalu Park covers an area of 754 sq km and is made up of Mount Kinabalu. Travel documents for Mauritius: o A valid passport for minimum 6 months on arrival. Mount Tambayukon and the foothills. o It was gazetted to preserve this valuable natural environment. the Sarawak Chamber. Japan. Surrounded by crystal clear waters. 42. o The following DO NOT require a visa: 1) Nationals of United Arab Emirates 2) Citizens of Bahrain. Portugal.s tallest twin structures. Canada. Denmark. Germany. o Mountainous and largely carpeted by lush tropical rainforests. it is very small. Liechtenstein. o It consist of the world¶s largest underground chamber. conference halls. Oman. San Marino. Sweden. Greece. passport holders). Malaysia. o VISA o The following DO NOT require a visa: 1) Citizens of Mauritius. Austria. Sabah o Often called the &apos. otherwise known as KLCC the world&apos. Italy. Brunei Darussalam. Qatar & Saudi Arabia 3) Holders of a Visit Visa issued on arrival for stays up to 30 days (extension to 90 days possible.Land Below the Wind&apos.A. Netherlands. o Sipadan island off the south eastern coast of Sabah. Gunung Mulu National Park o Mulu Caves National Park is home to one of the longest networks of caves in the world. 44. Spain. Luxembourg.British Citizen³ o b) Holders of passports issued by Andorra. Located in the heart of the capital city.The 88-storey Petronas Twin Towers. Australia. Switzerland. has been one of the top five dive sites in the world for years 46. Iceland. fee AED 500) o to: 47. this crown jewel is a treasure trove of some of the most amazing marine animals. Belgium. including the spouse of a citizen of Mauritius & persons who are residents of Mauritius under o . Monaco. New Zealand. a sprawling park and an upmarket shopping complex. provided the status is ". the crown of the Kuala Lumpur contains a complex of office buildings. Hong Kong (S. Korea (South). o Visa. Ireland Rep. France. United States & Vatican City o No compulsory Vaccinations or immunization is needed. o a) Holders of British passports. Singapore. and will be travelling through/into Singapore are required to apply for a Social Visit Pass (not applicable to those travelling in transit or not leaving the transit lounge & not passing through immigration clearance) o Yellow fever certificate if arriving from infected areas. Azerbaijan. Norway. Japan. Libya. Botswana. Ukraine. Armenia. Solomon Islands. Bahamas. Fiji. Bangladesh. Gambia. Morocco. Ukraine & Uzbekistan e) For stays up to 16 days to nationals of Korea (South) Visa Special Notes: All visitors must hold onward/return tickets. Syria. Myanmar. Singapore. c) For stays up to 3 months to nationals of Argentina. o . Saudi Arabia. San Marino. Iraq. United Arab Emirates. 50. China. documents required for next destination & sufficient funds for length of stay o Yellow fever certificate if arriving from infected areas. Malawi. Belarus. Belize. Guyana. St. Cyprus. Russia. Sweden. Vincent & Grenadines. Turkey. India. Netherlands. Ireland Rep. Bahrain. Lucia. Qatar. Lebanon. Monaco. Canada. Lesotho. o Visa Notes : Visitors are generally granted a 14-30 days Visit Pass if they meet entry requirements o Visa Special Notes: 1) All visitors must hold confirmed onward/return tickets. Armenia. Tunisia. Malta. Liechtenstein. Travel documents for Malaysia: o A valid passport for minimum 6 months on arrival. Seychelles. Kazakhstan. Zambia & Zimbabwe 49. Madagascar. St. Spain. Brazil. Papua New Guinea. Jordan. Romania. Luxembourg. Italy. Grenada. South Africa. Bulgaria. Denmark. sufficient funds for length of stay & entry facilities (including visas) to their onward destinations 2) Expectant women who are 6 months or more pregnant. Germany. Moldova. Samoa. o The following REQUIRE a visa: 1) Holders of travel documents issued by Afghanistan. 52. St. Kitts & Nevis. Israel. Kazakhstan. Sierra Leone. Austria. Barbados. Turkmenistan. Algeria. Nauru. Vanuatu. Somalia. Kyrgystan. Finland. Switzerland. Greece. Sudan. Kiribati. Namibia. Belarus. Saudi Arabia. Georgia. Uzbekistan & Yemen 2) Holders of Refugee Travel Documents issued by Middle East countries 3) Holders of Palestinian Authority Passports 4) Holders of Hong Kong Documents of Identity 5) Holders of Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) Travel Permit 6) Holders of Temporary Passport issued by United Arab Emirates 51. Tunisia. Kuwait. Kyrgyzstan. Tuvalu. Comoros. Georgia. Uganda. Dominica. United States. Russia. Iran. Tanzania. Ghana. Maldives. Tajikistan. Malaysia. Turkmenistan. Belgium. Jamaica. France. Azerbaijan. Egypt. Portugal. Brunei Darussalam. Oman.the Immigration Act Visa Notes: 1) Visas are issued on arrival to: a) Nationals of United Kingdom (including dependent territories) b) Nationals of Antigua & Barbuda. Trinidad & Tobago. Tonga. Tajikistan. Chile & Paraguay d) For stays up to 14 days to nationals of Albania. Moldova. New Zealand. Vatican City. Pakistan. Kenya. Travel documents for Singapore: o A valid passport for minimum 6 months on arrival. Australia. Iran. Korea (North). Meals in Flight. Gibraltar. Greece. irrespective of endorsement in passport regarding their national status 3) For stays up to 3 months by nationals of Albania. Norway. Bhutan. Sweden. Cape Verde. The following are now eligible for a visa on arrival for a stay of up to 1 month: 1) Nationals of Andorra. Tajikistan. poultry or eggs will be avoided. Azerbaijan. Togo. Saudi Arabia. Monaco. fish. Cuba. Finland. Macedonia. o 54. Equador. Latvia. Zaire & Zimbabwe b) Holders of British National Overseas (BNO) passports 5) For stays up to 15 days by nationals of Iran 6) For stays up to 14 days by: a) Nationals of Chad. Turkey. Cambodia. Germany. United States. Peru. Kazakhstan. Latvia. The countries & areas included in the endemic zones are considered infected. Cayman Islands. Greece. Portugal. Algeria. 56. Vatican City. Burkina Faso. Bulgaria. Portugal. Venezuela. Lebanon. Ireland. Botswana. Moldova. Australia. Holy Sea. Barbados. Argentina. Uruguay & Yemen 4) For stays up to 1 month by nationals of: a) Armenia. British overseas citizens. Denmark. British national overseas.R. Croatia.R. Somalia & Syria. passport holders). Morocco. Kyrgyzstan. Ukraine. Senegal & Syria The following are now eligible for a visa on arrival for a stay of up to 3 months: 1) Nationals of Cyprus. Liechtenstein. Panama. Iraq. Libya. Sudan. Portugal & Slovenia o Visa Notes: 1) Tourist passes are now available on arrival: a) For stays of up to 15 days to nationals of Iraq b) For stays of up to 1 month to nationals of Zambia & Zimbabwe o Yellow fever certificate if arriving within 6 days from endemic areas. San Marino. Continental etc. o . Bosnia & Herzegovina. 55. Singapore. Tunisia. Lithuania. Thailand. Korea (South). El Salvador. Oman. Benin. Hungary. Georgia. Austria. Mongolia. Malta. Canada. Malta. Philippines. United Arab Emirates. Iceland. Macao (S. Cape Verde. Myanmar. Iraq. Spain. Egypt. Vegetarian meal(VGML) o Meats. Chile. Belarus. Hong Kong (S. Japan. Costa Rica. Mauritania. o Food included will be pure vegetarian in any style like Indian. Surinam. Laos. Lithuania. Guinea. Slovenia. Russia. Guinea. Romania. Seafood meal o Seafood is served in the main course. Burkina Faso. Belgium. Estonia. Sierra Leone. Turkmenistan. Switzerland. Haiti. passport holders). Indonesia. Honduras.A.A. Kuwait. Poland. Luxembourg. Vietnam. 57. Bolivia. Comoros. Mauritania. Senegal. Slovakia. Netherland. Brazil. Bahrain. Madagascar. France. Guatemala. Cyprus. Czech Rep.o Visa General: The following DO NOT require a visa: 1) Nationals of Malaysia 2) Holders of British passports. Italy. b) Holders of Macao Travel Permit c) Holders of Portuguese Alien Passport 53. Uzbekistan. Mexico. Jordan. Chinese. Paraguay. Ireland Republic. Madagascar. Estonia. Gabon. Exempt infants under 1 year. Qatar. Sao Tome & Principe. Nicaragua. o Only halal meat is used. United Arab Emirates-Dubai International(DXB) o Duration: 3h45m o Class: Economy 67. cheese and biscuits 58. How is the itinerary prepared by me good for the client? o The countries that are selected for the client is Dubai. Veg-Lacto meal (VLML) o Meats. big pieces. o They can explore Dubai which is known as one of the best ever known shopping destination. Singapore and Malaysia which are one among the best tourist destinations of the world. 64.Meal includes Appetizer . 62. Flight details COK-DXB o Cochin to Dubai o Air India flight# 6531 Airline code:AI o Departure Kochi . 65. Mapping and routing 66. salad . fish. o Malaysia is a shoppingdestination and also a best place which really worth sight seeing and an ultimate point of relaxation for the entire family. o Food will be prepared according to the muslim-shariat laws. pork products and alcohol will be completely avoided. DXB-MRU o Dubai to Mauritius o Emirates flight# EK 701 o Departure 02:55:00 from Dubai o Arrival 09:25:00 Mauritius o . o Singapore has its historical value and a well established science gallery which will help the children in family in their education. o The whole family can relax at its peak in the wide range of beaches at Mauritius. o The meal will include vegetarian meal with diary products in it. 61. Bread roll. poultry or eggs will be avoided. o This will include Bite-sized pieces of food liked by children. Child meal (CHML) o Strong spices. Mauritius. gravies etc will be avoided. Pan Fried Cod . The whole trip will be fun packed and Useful for the client. India . Fresh fruit . 59. Muslim/Mohammedan meal (MOML) o Pork. 60. as they are easy to and digest and also it will nutritionally balanced. Other facilities in flight o Infants carrycot o Bassinet o Stretchers o Wheel chairs etc . 63. o The client and his family can enjoy the wide range of cuisine that are provided during the flight.Kochi(COK) o Arrival 12:45 PM Dubai . 73. Day to day itinerary o Day1 (7/8/08): Reach Dubai by 12:45pm drive from airport to hotel Grand Hyatt by cab around 15 mins. MRU. o Day 2 (8/8/08) : Start from hotel at 9 am by car.(Cab will be provided) Reach there have lunch rest till 3pm. Have breakfast and can take rest in the room till evening as night life in Mauritius is more happening than day outs. By 6 pm set out of the hotel by taxi to Pereybère which is famous for night parties and shopping be there till 12 midnight back to room. o Day 4 (10/8/08) : Start from hotel by 10 in the morning to Cap Malheureux then from there to Black River Gorges there sight seeing will take around about 2 hours from there to Martello Towers another an hour we can spent there from there straight to airport which will take around 45 mins reach airport by 7 pm as our next flight to Singapore is at 10:25 pm.4 Miles far from the airport.Flight duration 06:30:00 Class: Economy 68.SIN o Mauritius to Singapore o Air Mauritius flight#642 Airline code: MK o Departure 10:05 pm Mauritius MRU o Arrival 09:05am Singapore SIN o Flight duration 7 hrs o Class Economy 69. go for Dubai creek ride it will take around an hour then head towards trade centre do shopping from there to city centre spent time there till 10 pm. o Day 5 (11/8/08): Will reach Singapore by 9 in the morning stay at Hotel paramount which is very near to the airport can be reached by Taxi. o o . o Back to hotel room. o Day 6 (12/8/08) : Set out by 10 in the morning to Sentosa 4D theatre which is more than an hour drive from the hotel from there to Sentosa Luge and sky ride by then time will be 7pm then drive back to hotel. o Day 3 (9/8/08): Reach Mauritius at 9:25 am by cab reach Hotel Oberoi Mauritius which is just 13. Back to hotel. 72. Towards museum be there for 3 hours from there visit Bastakiya head towards grand mosque after that to airport reach airport by 12 midnight as next flight to Mauritius is at 2:55am 71. SIN-KUL o Singapore to Malaysia o Japan airline flight#721 Airline code:JL o Departure 7:50 pm Singapore o Arrival 8:50 pm Malaysia o Flight Duration 1hr o Class: Economy 70. can take rest in the hotel till 3 pm after that will go for Singapore flyer from there to Discovery centre and city gallery. SGD 300 if outside Singapore for 48 hours or more (SGD 100 for persons below the age of 18) o Prohibited/Restricted: Chewing tobacco & imitation tobacco products. cigarette lighters of pistol or revolver shape. 74. o Day 9 (15/8/08): Start from hotel at 9 am by car to Kinabalu Park spent there around 2-3 hours from there to Sipadan Island which will take more than two hours by local cab spent there around 3 or more hours.50pm reach Malaysia by 9pm. Fruits. from there head to Sabah and spent there around an hour and back to room. 1 lit of spirits. Reach airport by 4 next flight to Malaysia is at 7. Plants. Singapore o Import Allowances: o a) For persons of 18 years of age or older. chewing gum. Head to hotel Crowne Plaza which is very near to the Kuala Lumpur international airport. firearms and ammunition. Malaysia o Import Allowances: o a) 200 cigarettes or 225gr of tobacco or 50 cigars b) 1 lit of wine or 1 lit of spirits or 1 lit of malt liquor c) Gifts & souvenirs not exceeding a total value of MYR o . obscene articles/publications/video tapes/discs & software. controlled drugs & psychotropic substances. check prior to departure.Day 7 (13/8/08) : Start from the hotel to Snow city will take around 45 mins in car there would have to spent around 1 hour from there to GMAX bungee and to forest for adventures. International flight coupon Class Economy 76. Natural or cultured unstrung pearls except for personal use. Mauritius o Import Allowances: For persons of 18 years of age or older: a) Tobacco (including cigars and cigarettes) not exceeding 250gr b) 1 lit of spirits and 2 lit of wine. Flowers & Pets require clearance of the Ministry of Agriculture. firecrackers. having arrived from countries other than Malaysia & have spent not less than 48 hours outside Singapore immediately before arrival. reproduction of copyright publications/video tapes/disks/records or cassettes 79. ale or beer c) 250cl of toilet water and 10cl of perfume for personal use o Prohibited/Restricted: The import of sugar-cane is strictly prohibited. Firearms & ammunition must be declared to customs on arrival 78. Import export Rules Dubai o Import allowance :2. o Day 8 (14/8/08) : Set out from the hotel to Langkawi by car from there to Gunung Mulu National Park then from there to Petronas Twin Towers . spirits & pork products Muslims only 77. SGD 150 if outside Singapore for 24 hours or more but less than 48 hours (SGD 50 for persons below the age of 18).000 cigarettes or 400 cigars or 2kg of tobacco b) 2 lit of spirits & 2 lit of wine (non-Muslims only) c) A reasonable quantity of perfume o Prohibited/Restricted: Prescribed drugs or over-the-counter medicines may be restricted. from there back to hotel. drugs. Wines. 75. 1 lit of wine & 1 lit of beer b) Goods up to the value of SGD 50 if outside Singapore for less than 24 hours (persons 18 years or older). 200 Prohibited/Restricted: All goods from Haiti & Israel. o The International Air Transport Association . Cuba. secure and economical air services .was founded in Havana. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organizations. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth. recognizing the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. . conducting at least 60 station audits and 8 headquarters audits o Develop plan to address future airline training and qualification requirements o Achieve a reduction of at least 6 million tones of CO2 from operations and infrastructure o Implement a strategy to reach carbon neutral growth o Develop standards and guidelines for an industry carbon offset programme and pilot it with at least 6 airlines in four different regions 83. leads and serves the airline industry in general. created some 60 years ago by a group of airlines. o Achieve 100% E-Ticketing penetration in IATA Billing and Settlement Plan (BSP) on 1 June 2008 and implement a program to eliminate remaining paper documents by developing an electronic multi-purpose document (EMD) o Ensure 130 airports offer Common Use Self-Service (CUSS) facilities by end 2008 and that 200 airlines are Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP)-enabled Implement e-freight pilots at 8 additional locations (14 total) by end 2008 o Conduct 2 pilots in each area of Fast Travel Launch the Baggage management Improvement Program (BIP) at 6 airports o Achieve savings/cost avoidance of $1. UFTAA set up its General Secretariat in the Principality of Monaco. 81. Indecent or obscene print. reliable.5 billion in industry taxes. In 1989. 82. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945.for the benefit of the world&apos. 1966. Italy. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe. coming from Brussels. practices and procedures developed within IATA. Today. in April 1945. International air transport association (IATA) o IATA is an international trade body.s consumers. The organisation also represents. IATA represents some 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled international air traffic. Activities o Implement IATA Safety Audit for Ground Operations (ISAGO). 84. FIAV and UOTAA. UFTAA o The United Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations created in Rome. which would have been much less spectacular without the standards. Cloth bearing the imprint or reproduction of any verses of the Quran Note: the trafficking of illegal drugs is a serious offence in Malaysia and such an offence carries the death penalty 80. including at least $800 million in real cost reduction o Launch four new initiatives to reduce airline costs and improve service. on November 22nd. charges and fuel fees. Counterfeit notes or coins. UFTAA started its operation as a Confederation on January 1st. governmental authorities and suppliers o To work towards the adoption of measures that will ease travel for the consumer and to offer services to its member federations 86. 2003. o PATA promotes developing and facilitating travel to and within the Pacific area region and the South-East Asia region including India. Activities o To unite and consolidate the Federations of Travel Agents¶ National Associations and to globally enhance the interests of their members o To represent the travel agents¶ activities before various world-wide bodies. an International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago. o Activities 88. It is a region so vast and varied that one could spend a lifetime exploring it.destinations. Fifty-four States attended this Conference end of which a Convention on International Civil Aviation was signed by 52 States set up the permanent International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a means to secure international co-operation an highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations and standards. representing Regional Federations comprising some 80 national associations. planning group travel schemes. o It provides the meeting point for all the people involved in the travel trade and all the activities related to it from a large number of countries. procedures and organisation regarding civil aviation matters. PATA o PATA has been privileged to represent the travel and tourism industry of Asia Pacific for more than half a century. At the same time the International Services Transit Agreement and the International Air Transport Agreement were signed. o It assists small and upcoming destinations to develop their infrastructure. . 85. providing expertise. o The annual conferences of PATA and its workshops provides greater scopes to its member to share their ideas and exchange views about tourism promotion in their respective countries. It is a nonprofit Confederation of international scope. Foundation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) o The consequence of the studies initiated by the US and subsequent consultations between the Major Allies was that the US government extended an invitation to 55 States or authorities to attend. 89.hotels operations and discounts. o It provides up to date information on the field of tourism and the practical and theoretical experience in the field of tourism. in November 1944. o Founded : 1951 o Founder member : 44 o First conference: 1952 o Head quarters established in :1953 at Sanfrancisco USA 87. 1975. The Convention establishes rules of airspace. o The document was signed on December7. 1944 in Chicago. 2000 and 2006). ICAO provides technical assistance to countries. airports and navigation facilities for ICAO. o Encourage the arts of the aircraft design and operation for the peaceful purposes. Illinois. ICAO composed of 185 members. 1947 and went into effect on April 4. o The original signed document resides in the National Archives of United States. In October of the same year. The Convention also exempts air fuels from tax. economical air transport. 1969. by 52 signatory states. o Meets the needs of the people of the world for safe regular efficient. Chicago convention o The Convention on International Civil Aviation . ICAO provides technical publications and social studies. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5. Annexes o The Convention is supported by eighteen annexes containing standards and recommended practices (SARPs). 91. also known as the Chicago Convention . ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959. Activities o Ensure the safe and orderly growth to international civil aviation throughout the world. 92. 1997.Personnel Licensing o Annex 2 . aircraft registration and safety. a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. 94. 1963.Rules of the Air o o o o . o Encourage the development of the railways.1947. ICAO founded in1947. o Ensure that the rights of the contracting country has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines o Avoid discrimination between contracting countries o Promote safety of flight in international air navigation o Promote generally the development of all aspects of International civil aeronautics 93. 90. Links to all versions of the document can be found in the external links section. the same date that ICAO came into being. o Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition. 1980.o The most important work accomplished by the Chicago Conference was in the technical field because the Conference laid the foundation for a set of rules and regulations regarding air navigation as a whole which brought safety in flying a great step forward and paved the way for the application of a common air navigation system throughout the world. The annexes are amended regularly by ICAO and are as follows: o Annex 1 . established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. Aero planes Part III . o Annex 14 . o Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name).International Commercial Air Transport . Flight Information Service and Alerting Service o Annex 12 .Aircraft Noise Vol II . Warsaw Convention.Annex 3 .Search and Rescue o Annex 13 .Aeronautical Charts o Annex 5 .Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference o Annex 18 . o Annex 10 .Heliports o Annex 15 .Radio Navigation Aids Vol II .Communication Systems Part I . at least for some purposes.Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Vol I .Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization o Annex 11 .Operation of Aircraft Part I .Aeronautical Telecommunications Vol I . o .Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation 97.Air Traffic Services . luggage or goods performed by aircraft for reward.Appendices and Attachments o Annex 4 .International Operations ± Helicopters Annex 7 . 99.Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems Vol V .Facilitation 96.International General Aviation .Air Traffic Control Service.Aero planes Part II .Aerodromes Vol I .Units of Measurement to be used in Air and Ground Operations 95.Environmental Protection Vol I . o The Warsaw Convention is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons.Voice Communication Systems Vol IV .Airworthiness of Aircraft Annex 9 . o Annex 6 .Core SARPs Vol II .Communication Procedures including those with PANS status Vol III .Aircraft Engine Emissions o Annex 17 . it was amended in 1955 at The Hague and in 1975 in Montreal.Aeronautical Information Services o Annex 16 .Digital Data Communication Systems Part II .Aerodrome Design and Operations Vol II . United States courts have held that. the Warsaw Convention is a different instrument from the Warsaw Convention as Amended by the Hague Protocol.The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air 98.Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks Annex 8 . The groundbreaking Simplifying the Business initiative is crucial in this area. o IATA¶s aim is to help airlines help themselves by simplifying processes and increasing passenger convenience while reducing costs and improving efficiency. Agreements on lower sums are null and void. and striving for sensible regulation.s.135 EUR or 1. 17 SDR per Kilogram for checked luggage and cargo. o A court may also award a claiming party&apos. there will be a patchwork of rules governing international carriage by air. safety is IATA¶s number one priority. 5.s liability to at most: 250. IATA has developed the commercial standards that built a global industry. signed in 1999. o Universal Federation of Travel Agent¶s Association (UFTAA).600 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) for personal injury.the world¶s leading passenger and cargo airlines among them .000 Francs or 16. and o limits a carrier&apos.000 Francs or 332 SDR for the hand luggage of a traveler. Moreover.51 USD.00 SDR = 1. Its members comprise some 230 airlines . and IATA¶s goal is to o o o o . In particular. o Air transport is one of the most dynamic industries in the world. unless the carrier made an offer within 6 months of the loss (or at least 6 months before the beginning of any legal proceedings) which the claiming party has failed to beat.00 SDR = 1. lead and serve the airline industry .s costs. the exchange rate was 1. once Montreal has been ratified by all states. holding regulators and governments to account. however. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is its global trade organization. requires carriers to issue baggage checks for checked luggage. o The Montreal Convention. 2 to substitute an expression given in terms of SDR&apos. the Warsaw Convention: mandates carriers to issue passenger tickets. as different states will be parties to different agreements (or no agreement at all). o The sums limiting liability were originally given in Francs (defined in terms of a particular quantity of gold by article 22 paragraph 5 of the convention). o Over 60 years. 100.2007. 102. Until then. It fights for the interests of airlines across the globe. challenging unreasonable rules and charges.101. will replace the Warsaw Convention system. These sums were amended by the Montreal Additional Protocol No. o IATA seeks to improve understanding of the industry among decision makers and increase awareness of the benefits that aviation brings to national and global economies. These sums are valid in the absence of a differing agreement (on a higher sum) with the carrier. creates a limitation period of 2 years within which a claim must be brought (Article 29). International Air Transport Association(IATA). How travel organizations helps the Industry and tourists? o International Air Transport Association (IATA). IATA¶s mission is to represent. Today. o On April 1.representing 93 percent of scheduled international air traffic. thereby freeing-up resources to concentrate on &apos. o A large network of industry suppliers and service providers gathered by IATA provides solid expertise to airlines in a variety of industry solutions. o The aim is to improve the passenger travel experience by replacing repetitive checks of passengers and their documents with a new streamlined system.continually improve safety standards. passengers. our challenge is to meet those expectations in a financially sustainable business environment.s business is driven by consumer expectations. efficiently and economically under clearly defined rules. securely.unknown&apos. 106. to reality. it provides essential professional support to all industry stakeholders with a wide range of products and expert services. while keeping costs down. o IATA ensures that people and goods can move around the global airline network as easily as if they were on a single airline in a single country. Another main concern is to minimise the impact of air transport on environment. Passengers can make one telephone call to reserve a ticket. control authorities and technology suppliers. o The Simplifying Passenger Travel (SPT) Program is an initiative that focuses on the passenger and facilitating their journey while emphasizing the security benefits of processing &apos. such as publications. IATA simplifies the travel and shipping processes. notably through IATA¶s Operational Safety Audit (IOSA).known&apos. eliminates the need for paper and allows greater flexibility to the passenger and the travel agent to make changes to the itinerary.s goal is to help its Members provide a seamless travel experience to their customers. all working towards the common goal of bringing the vison of ". The new system will collect the information once and then share it electronically with subsequent service providers to clear the passenger through their entire journey. o E-ticketing (ET) is one of the Simplifying The Business initiatives with the most significant opportunities to reduce costs and improve passenger convenience. 105. o For governments . IATA seeks to ensure they are well informed about the complexities of the aviation industry to ensure better. 104. o IATA serves as an intermediary between airlines and passenger as well as cargo agents via neutrally applied agency service standards and centralised financial systems. airports. In addition. training and consulting. o For consumers . o IATA allows airlines to operate safely. long-term decisions o IATA&apos. passengers automatically. pay in one currency and then use the ticket on several airlines in several countries. . IATA¶s financial systems also help carriers and the travel industry maximise revenues. 103. o The SPT Program has built a unique multi-sectoral membership consisting of airlines. It reduces ticket processing charges.simplified and secure passenger processing". As today&apos. Italy. each airline used a different form of the passenger ticket with no standard conditions of carriage o The industry recognised need for standardisation of traffic documents. UFTAA set up its General Secretariat in the Principality of Monaco. representing Regional Federations comprising some 80 national associations. you benefit from the unique strengths of our financial settlement systems established for the industry. coming from Brussels. 1966. It is a nonprofit Confederation of international scope. regulations and procedures o It became the main focus of the IATA Traffic Committee which developed the standard ticket for multiple trips (1930) o Warsaw Convention (signed in 1929 implemented in 1933) established the conditions of international air transportation documents and carrier liability o IATA developed a neutral paper ticket in 1972 to support the global distribution system that is prevalent today ± more than 60. o In 1989. This will provide: hassle free travel for passengers easier pre-travel procedures for travel agents streamlined processing for airlines better use of resources by airports efficient and secure transportation for governments 107. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organizations. recognizing the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. 2003.109. FIAV and UOTAA. . on November 22nd. o o o o o o o o UFTAA started its operation as a Confederation on January 1st. baggage and cargo were simplified to take advantage of new information technologies became basic foundation for the development and global implementation of the electronic ticket Financial Services: o Efficient and cost-effective management of revenues and cash is essential for the financial health of your organization. o The United Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations created in Rome. o With IATA. Universal Federation of Travel Agent¶s Association (UFTAA). o In 1983 IATA established the Automated Ticket and Boarding Pass (ATB) It allowed information to be printed on the face of the ticket and encoded on a magnetic stripe on the back which could be easily read by computer o Montreal Convention of 1999 replaced the Warsaw Convention introducing the concept of unlimited liability o Around the same time document requirements for passenger.000 travel agents around the world This is what is being eliminated by the industry 108. o IATA was instrumental in developing the first version of the passenger ticket o During the 1920s. o UFTAA is a world body representing the travel agency and tourism industry. UFTAA has consultative status with the UN/NGO/ECOSOC.s ? o The first and foremost reason is that we have made this especially for Mr. Why this package is better than somebody else&apos. .To offer. WHO etc for a sustainable and responsible tourism. suppliers and other entities of international scope. governmental authorities and suppliers . o Package includes meals like lunch. travel and tourism agencies before the governmental bodies.To comply with its mission. the International Road Union (IRU). o Our package includes all the local transportation in each country.To organise a world congress of travel agents and other meetings necessary to the exchange and transmission of knowledge.113. and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to mention only a few. .To unite and consolidate the Federations of Travel Agents¶ National Associations and to globally enhance the interests of their members .). .D¶souza o It is not a common package for every clients. the International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IH&RA) the International Union of Railways (IUR). It also aims at strengthening its members¶ image and enhance the world travel and tourism industry and a sustainable tourism. o We consider each and every package individually. the Confederation develops the following functions : . o To work towards the adoption of measures that will ease travel for the consumer and to offer services to its member federations . .To represent the travel agents¶ activities before various world-wide bodies. UFTAA effectively represents Travel Agents and Tour Operators views on both Inbound and Outbound travel by continuous dialogue and consultation with other international organisations such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA). . 112. 111. o And we make sure that you get the best service through out your journey and you have a pleasant holiday. 114. as a voluntary mechanism. UFTAA is an affiliate member of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) and its Business Council (WTOBC). So we make sure that you and your family is safe. dinner etc. 110. o We have designed your package purely depending on your personal interest. representing and defending the interests of incoming and outgoing tour operators. . o UFTAA¶s mission is to be an international forum where matters affecting the world travel industry are addressed. and works closely with other world bodies such as UNESCO. We have selected the countries keeping the political condition prevailing there in mind.To be an investigation and information centre supporting the member Federations¶ work and to offer information for technological development .. o Another thing that we have given the priority to is your safety and security. an arbitration service which assists in solving conflicts resulting from commercial relations for which amicable settlement cannot be reached . o And we are providing you the best package at a very reasonable rate. o Greece is a developed country. o Things to consider at the Acropolis are the fact that you have to check any bag you are carrying before entering. o We will make sure that the package will be very interesting. Ioannina. NATO since 1952. a member of the European Union since 1981. all set against a prolific cliff background. major scientific and mathematical principles. the WEU since 1995 and ESA since 2005. Patras. for that matter. Volos. Red Beach o The Red Beach found on the Greek island of Santorini is a mesmerizing stretch of red sand that is set against a truly stunning backdrop of scaling red cliffs. 117. o The crystal-clear blue waters of the Aegean Sea uniquely contrast the stunning red-colored sands. There are no third party between us and airlines or hotels. o We do provide free tickets to sentosa 4D theatre as a gift. the Roman and Byzantine Empires and nearly four centuries of Ottoman rule.Athens is the capital. Attractions o Acropolis of Athens o Red Beach o Temple of Zeus o Plaka Market o Vlihada Beach Acropolis of Athens o The stunning rock defines the city and is the main attraction when it comes to things to do in Greece. political science. fun packed at the same time affordable for you. o our own staff will come at each country to help you and serve you through out your journey. Thessaloniki. Larissa and Kavala are some of the country&apos. 115. Heraklion. Greece is the birthplace of democracy Western philosophy the Olympic Games. Countries o Greece o Spain o Italy o France o {*Mode of transportation-Cruise} GREECE o Greece lies at the juncture of Europe. o More over we have direct contacts with the airline and also with hotels. 119. 118. safe . Western literature and historiography.116. and the entire world. and during the summer it can get pretty warm on the Acropolis during the peak daytime hours. It is heir to the heritages of ancient Greece. the OECD since 1961. 121. Asia and Africa. and Western drama including both tragedy and comedy. o The Acropolis in Athens is the most famous acropolis in Greece. 120.s other major cities. a member of the Economic and Monetary union of the European Union since 2001. Temple of Zeus . o 125. o o o o o 126.o o 122. at one time or another throughout history. and within a quarter mile south of Syntagma Square and the Parliament Building. Since then. drink. Greek. Barcelona¶s Picasso Museum is composed largely from the private collection of the artist¶s longtime friend. . Vlihada Beach On the Island of Santorini. Although every day shopping in Plaka is a good day. his blue period paintings. present-day Spain (which shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal) was a vital trading link and entry point into both northern Africa and Southern Europe. the stunning vistas and relaxing beaches are mostly what attract visitors to this highly popular vacation destination Vlihada is a small. o o 127. The history of Spain has been influenced tremendously by this cross current of ethnicities and religions Attractions Picasso Museum Pamplona Guell Park Caves of Drach Toledo Picasso Museum The Picasso Museum highlights include: Picasso¶s childhood drawings made in La Coruna between the ages of 10 and 14. Jaime Sabartes. is the city¶s oldest neighborhood. Both were large and one depicted Zeus. and most of it has been relegated to foot traffic. With access to both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. o 128. Pamplona The running of the bulls in Pamplona Spain was first made famous in Ernest Hemingway¶s novel The Sun Also Rises. just about a quarter of a mile to the southeast of the Acropolis. Guell Park Park Guell Barcelona is the perfect setting to enjoy a cold drink. o o 124. and careen down the town¶s cobbled streets with a herd of angry and confused bulls charging behind them during the running of the bulls Pamplona. Sundays are when the masses arrive. the other one Hadrian himself. Plaka Market The Plaka in Athens. o The Temple of Zeus in Athens is located near the center of the city. Phoenician. tourists have flocked to the Basque town of Pamplona Spain every June to sing. and his 44 cubist Las Meninas studies. play a game of Frisbee. o o 123. erected two large statues in the center of the building. dance. Moslem. An interesting note in the history of the temple of Zeus is that Hadrian. coastal village that can be found on the southern side of the island Spain The history of Spanish people is a mixture of the Roman. and North African people that have. upon dedicating the temple to Zeus. called the Iberian Peninsula home. or simply take in the fabulous views of the city and harbor. The caves consist of 12 main areas and other impressive chambers such as the Black Cave. the Vatican library holds an impressive and enchanting collection of crumbling documents. Piazza Navona .o 129. o o 131. o o o o o 133. the most famous tourist attraction is the Caves of Drach (Caves of the Dragon). whose architect is still uncertain. a spiral ramp leads visitors inside the Vatican museum. o o 135. Italy For thousands of years. Toledo is known for the imposing Alcazar fortress. a haphazard array of corridors and papal spaces. the medieval city Toledo Spain is one of the oldest towns on the Iberian Peninsula. but the roots of Italian history date back to a largely undocumented tribe called the Etruscans. medieval treaties and antique books. Italy has retained a prominent spot atop the global radar since long before the time of Caesar. o o 134. o o 136. in full fidelity to the original project. Vatican museum Located on the north side of Vatican City. and a perfect day trip More than religious architecture. Both because of its inclination. Its construction began in the august of 1173 and continued (with two long interruptions) for about two hundred years. Italy has been at the forefront of modern culture. Even though the Renaissance paintings garner much of the praise heaped on the museum. Attractions Leaning Tower of Pisa Vatican museum Italian Opera Piazza Navona Mount Etna Volcano Leaning Tower of Pisa The Tower of Pisa is the bell tower of the Cathedral. and the Luis Salvator Cave Toledo Perched atop a rocky mountain and surrounded by yellow hillsides. and its beauty. the White Cave. The serpentine bench at Guell Park that encircles the main ground is one of the most unique features of this Alice in Wonderland-like park Caves of Drach Of all of the beautiful and adventurous places to go in Mallorca Spain. o o 130. The birthplace of the Roman Empire and fountainhead of the Renaissance.the musical form was derived from courtly entertainment in palaces all over the world and originally conceived as a recreational activity performed for only the very wealth Many Italian opera houses built during this time still exist today. Italian Opera The history of Italian opera is forever interwoven with the aristocratic leaders of the time . from 1173 up to the present the Tower has been the object of very special attention. and most of them still hold performances on a regular basis. o o 132. Giuseppe Garibaldi formed the current kingdom of Italy in 1861. Versailles and its Chateau . o o o 138. it has experienced numerous crises. This explains its long. a vague threat situated near the island&apos. Disneyland D isneyland Resort Paris. o 143. built upon the ruins of the first century Stadium of Domition. political and social upheavals. including the devastation of two world wars.aux Marche Puces de St Ouen". S ince the 17th century. and the loss of a large empire in Indochina. a World&apos. and anywhere else.to them. Three magnificent fountains occupy the Navona Square. and West and Equatorial Africa Attractions Eiffel Tower Disneyland Flea Market Versailles and its Chateau Grand Theatre .000 feet. so when visiting Paris you can hop on the RER and stop right in the park. oval shape and it is a place where ancient Romans used to watch a variety of games and races. Probably the greatest antique market in the world. in Marne-la-Vallée near Paris The park also has its own train station where the TGV (named Thalys when coming from Brussels) stops and its own RER (commuter train) station. This is the most active volcano in the world. Mount Etna Volcano Standing at almost 11. originally known as Euro Disney. Flea Market In French ". the god of war France F rance is an independent nation in Western Europe and the center of a large overseas administration.s eastern coast. It is the third-largest European nation (after Russia and Ukraine). Mount Etna dominates the Sicilian skyline. o o o o o 140. 39% of which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. o o 142. or if we want the real French spelling ". o o o 139.o o o 137. Piazza Navona Rome is one of the finest squares found in all of the city. is a theme park run by Euro Disney SCA. o o 141. France has played a major role in European and world events. The ancient Greeks believed it to be the home of Vulcan. the god of fire .aux Marché Puces de St Ouen".Opera National de Bordeaux Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable landmark in Paris and is known worldwide as a symbol of France.. Mount Etna erupting merely meant Vulcan was forging weapons for Mars. Algeria. The structure was built from 1887 to 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle (1889). for that matter.s fair marking the centennial celebration of the French revolution. In the 20th century. Grand Theatre . A Schengen visa allows the holder to travel freely within the Schengen countries for a maximum stay of up to 90 days in a 6 month period. o o o 148. Traveling on a Schengen Visa means that the visa holder can travel to any (or all) member countries using one single visa. Exempt infants under 6 months.o 144. Austria Germany Belgium . o o o 149. o o 150. or business. It is issued to citizens of countries who are required to obtain a visa before entering Europe. this elaborately carved opera house surprises the senses with its fine architecture and interior design as well as its world-class performances Documents required for Greece Passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond date of departure Schengen Visa Yellow fever certificate if arriving from infected areas. o 145. This is particularly beneficial for persons who wish to visit several European countries on the same trip.Spain. The Schengen visa is a ³visitor visa´.Opera National de Bordeaux Considered by many to be the cultural heart of the city. tourism. the visa holder is allowed to enter all member countries and travel freely throughout the Schengen area. 1682 when King Louis XIV moved his court to the Palace of Versailles there. o o o 146.Italy and France needs only few documents to travel because we are carrying a common visa that is Schengen Visa instead of carrying individual Visa¶s for each country. thus avoiding the hassle and expense of obtaining individual visas for each country. o 151. Italy Passports must be valid for at least 3 months from the expiry of the visa Schengen Visa No compulsory vaccinations and immunizations needed France A valid passport up to 3 months from the expiry of the visa Schengen Visa No compulsory vaccination and immunization needed Reason why less documents are needed for these countries: Countries that we have selected Greece. o o o Versailles used to be an unimportant village a few miles west of France until May 6. Countries were we can travel with Schengen Visa. Spain A valid Passport Schengen Visa No compulsory vaccinations however check travelers have up to date tetanus & polio immunizations. The purpose of the visit must be leisure. Upon the issuance of the visa. o o o o 147. Versailles is now a very bourgeois suburb of Paris. Schengen Visa The Schengen Visa has made traveling between its 15 European member countries much easier and less bureaucratic. o o o o o o o o o o o o Denmark Finland France Greece Iceland Italy Luxemburg Norway Portugal Spain Sweden The Netherlands . o Giuseppe Garibaldi formed the current kingdom of Italy in 1861. archeological discoveries suggests that. Dubai¶s old Bastakiya o The earliest form of air conditioning. small fishing communities lived along the coast of the Arabian Gulf on the site of what we know today as Dubai. sports events. electronics. furniture and more.Sumathy for her guidance. at 70m (231ft). DUBAI 6. but the roots of Italian history date back to a largely undocumented tribe called the Etruscans.s most important landmarks.s enormous constructions and developments in various industries through innovative real estate projects. as long as four thousand years ago. 18. 12. Deira City Centre o One of the biggest shopping malls in Dubai.Presentation Transcript 1.T. 2. near the Ruler¶s Court. timely support and encouragement in completing this project.V BATCH F4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT o First and foremost I thank Almighty. The Dubai World Trade Centre o It is Considered to be one of Dubai&apos.s trading heritage. o I am thankful to my training counselors & who all encouraged me to finish up this work successfully. HISTORY o For thousands of years. 13. 8. ROUTING 5.Travel & Tourism . shopping festivals and conferences has attracted world-wide attention for Dubai City. UAE-(DUBAI) ITALY SPAIN FRANCE DIFFERENT TOURIST SPOTS 4. was renovated in 1970 to house a museum where 4000-year-old archaeological finds and dioramas of traditional life are displayed. to the east of Al Fahidi Fort where many traditional courtyard houses can be found. 15. o It is boasts of an extensive variety of popular shops for fashion. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF ITALY . o I am grateful to my parents for their support in this work.s leading business hub. Dubai Museum o Al Fahidi Fort. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF DUBAI o The Dubai world trade centre o Dubai Creek o Dubai Museum o Bastakiya o Grand Mosque o Wafi city o Deira city centre 9. This huge religious edifice can house up to 1200 worshippers 14. Located on the Bur Dubai side of the creek. Italy has been at the forefront of modern culture.s delight. 16. establishing it as the world&apos. Dubai Creek o Dubai Creek offers a picturesque glimpse of Dubai&apos. the wind tower. TRAVEL ASSIGNMENT DONE BY : VARUN. cosmetics. 7. film festivals (Dubai film festival) and performing arts centers. o It can be crossed by Abra (water Taxi) 11. built last century. Dubai is a city of excitement waiting to be explored holding the potential for one of the most significant international cities of the 21st century. which was used to cool homes in the Gulf. the Grand Mosque consists of nine large domes and 45 smaller ones. Italy has retained a prominent spot atop the global radar since long before the time of Caesar. o Dubai has a rich cultural scene with art museums. boutiques and other entertainment facilities. o The early history of Dubai is not very well documented. can still be seen in the Bastakiya area. in addition to being a shopper&apos. 3. HISTORY OF DUBAI o DUBAI is one of the o fastest developing country o DUBAI is the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates on the Arabian Peninsula. o It has 39-storeys of local and international companies 10. Wafi City o Wafi City is a shopping complex that hosts a variety of designer shops. The birthplace of the Roman Empire and fountainhead of the Renaissance. Grand Mosque o The Grand Mosque was only rebuilt in 1998 and boasts the city¶s tallest minaret. ITALY 17. o Dubai&apos. o I extend my heartfelt gratitude to our faculty Mrs. o This explains its long. the Vatican library holds an impressive and enchanting collection of crumbling documents. oval shape and it is a place where ancient Romans used to watch a variety of games and races. and most of them still hold performances on a regular basis. and its beauty. 21. a spiral ramp leads visitors inside the Vatican museum. Since then. tourists have flocked to the Basque town of Pamplona Spain every June to sing. o This is the most active volcano in the world. o The running of the bulls in Pamplona Spain was first made famous in Ernest Hemingway¶s novel The Sun Also Rises. o The serpentine bench at Guell Park that encircles the main ground is one of the most unique features of this Alice in Wonderland-like park 30.s eastern coast. 27. Vatican Museum o Located on the north side of Vatican City. from 1173 up to the present the Tower has been the object of very special attention. for that matter.the musical form was derived from courtly entertainment in palaces all over the world and originally conceived as a recreational activity performed for only the very wealth o Many Italian opera houses built during this time still exist today. Caves of Drach o Of all of the beautiful and adventurous places to go in Mallorca Spain. o Even though the Renaissance paintings garner much of the praise heaped on the museum. o The caves consist of 12 main areas and other impressive chambers such as the Black Cave. a haphazard array of corridors and papal spaces.Leaning Tower of Pisa Vatican museum Italian Opera Piazza Navona Mount Etna Volcano 19. Toledo is known for the imposing Alcazar fortress. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF SPAIN o Picasso Museum o Pamplona o Guell Park o Caves of Drach o Toledo 26. the most famous tourist attraction is the Caves of Drach (Caves of the Dragon). 22. and anywhere else. his blue period paintings.to them. 20. SPAIN 25. o Both because of its inclination. Guell Park o Park Guell Barcelona is the perfect setting to enjoy a cold drink. Mount Etna dominates the Sicilian skyline. the god of war 24. o Three magnificent fountains occupy the Navona Square. and the Luis Salvator Cave 29. Picasso Museum o The Picasso Museum highlights include: Picasso¶s childhood drawings made in La Coruna between the ages of 10 and 14.000 feet. whose architect is still uncertain. a vague threat situated near the island&apos. built upon the ruins of the first century Stadium of Domition. drink. Piazza Navona o Piazza Navona Rome is one of the finest squares found in all of the city. o Barcelona¶s Picasso Museum is composed largely from the private collection of the artist¶s longtime friend. the god of fire . Toledo o Toledo is one of the most important centers of European medieval history o More than religious architecture. and his 44 cubist Las Meninas studies. in full fidelity to the original project. dance. o The ancient Greeks believed it to be the home of Vulcan. o o o o o Pamplona 28. Mount Etna Volcano o Standing at almost 11. Leaning Tower of Pisa o The Tower of Pisa is the bell tower of the Cathedral. and careen down the town¶s cobbled streets with a herd of angry and confused bulls charging behind them during the running of the bulls Pamplona. Its construction began in the august of 1173 and continued for about two hundred years. play a game of Frisbee. . 23. Italian Opera o The history of Italian opera is forever interweave with the aristocratic leaders of the time . Mount Etna erupting merely meant Vulcan was forging weapons for Mars. or simply take in the fabulous views of the city and harbor. the White Cave. medieval treaties and antique books. Jaime Sabartes. o For a longer stay. spirits & pork are restricted. and West and Equatorial Africa 33. 36. 42. Oman. testing must be performed after arrival. CUSTOM RULES IN ITALY. o The following DO NOT require a visa: 1) Nationals of United Arab Emirates 2) Citizens of Bahrain. GrandTheatreBordeaux o Considered by many to be the cultural heart of the city. Spain. 100 grams of tea or 40 grams of tea extracts o Prohibited items: o Gold objects other than personal jewellery below 500 grams in weight 44. check prior to departure. originally known as Euro Disney. Why European Countries have less Documentation ? . 35.000 cigarettes or 400 cigars or 2kg of tobacco) o 2 lit of spirits & 2 lit of wine (non-Muslims only) o A reasonable quantity of perfume o Prohibited/Restricted: o Prescribed drugs or over-the-counter medicines may be restricted. a World&apos. a traveler must obtain a visa before arrival in the UAE. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF FRANCE o Eiffel Tower o Disneyland o Flea Market o Versailles and its Chateau o Grand Theatre . 1682 when King Louis XIV moved his court to the Palace of Versailles there. France has played a major role in European and world events. this elaborately carved opera house surprises the senses with its fine architecture and interior design as well as its world-class performances 39. so when visiting Paris you can hop on the RER and stop right in the park. including the devastation of two world wars. FRANCE 32. According to Word and Phrase Origins. and the loss of a large empire in Indochina. 37. HISTORY o France is an independent nation in Western Europe and the center of a large overseas administration.31. in Marne-la-Vallée near Paris o The park also has its own train station where the TGV (named Thalys when coming from Brussels) stops and its own RER (commuter train) station. Versailles and its Chateau o Versailles used to be an unimportant village a few miles west of France until May 6.Vallie Market". an HIV/AIDS test is required for work or residence permits. Versailles is now a very bourgeois suburb of Paris. It is the third-largest European nation (after Russia and Ukraine). Qatar & Saudi Arabia o No compulsory Vaccinations or immunization is needed. of Manhattan. or that the original people and goods were infested. Travel Documents for Dubai o A valid passport for minimum 3 months on arrival. Disneyland o Disneyland Resort Paris. is a theme park run by Euro Disney SCA. 38. drugs. it has experienced numerous crises. 39% of which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. SPAIN. Wines. o The structure was built from 1887 to 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle (1889). o In the 20th century. Algeria. FRANCE o Import Allowance: o 200 cigarettes or cigars or 250 grams of tobacco o 750ml of spirits (over 22% proof) or 2 liters of fortified or sparkling wine o 60 grams of perfume o 500 grams of coffee or 200 grams of coffee extracts. Eiffel Tower o The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable landmark in Paris and is known worldwide as a symbol of France. o The origins of the term are disputed. Kuwait. CUSTOMES & DOCUMENTATION 40. 41. Custom Rules In Dubai o Import allowance : o 2. Flea Market o A flea market or swap meet is a type of bazaar where inexpensive or secondhand goods are sold or bartered. political and social upheavals. the term was derived from the ". France: o A valid passport up to 3 months from the expiry of the visa o Schengen Visa o No compulsory vaccination and immunization needed 43. Natural or cultured unstrung pearls except for personal use. o Since the 17th century. but some have observed that buyers and sellers may be as active as fleas.s fair marking the centennial celebration of the French revolution. firearms and ammunition. In addition.Opera National de Bordeaux 34. Travel Documents for Italy. 55. pork products and alcohol will be completely avoided. Upon the issuance of the visa. o Food included will be pure vegetarian in any style like Indian. as they are easy to and digest and also it will nutritionally balanced. o Bassinet o Stretchers o Wheel chairs etc. It is issued to citizens of countries who are required to obtain a visa before entering Europe. 49. Child meal (CHML) o Strong spices. 51. o Meal includes Appetizer . What is Schengen Visa ? o The Schengen Visa has made traveling between its 15 European member countries much easier and less bureaucratic. big pieces. o This will include Bite-sized pieces of food liked by children. Vegetarian Meal(VGML) o Meats. poultry or eggs will be avoided. fish. How The Itinerary Is Good For The Client ? o The countries which I mentioned are one of the best tourist destinations of the world. gravies etc will be avoided. o They can explore Dubai which is one of the best ever shopping destination. the visa holder is allowed to enter all member countries and travel freely throughout the Schengen area. Bassinet 56. Traveling on a Schengen Visa means that the visa holder can travel to any (or all) member countries using one single visa. 45. or business. The Schengen visa is a ³visitor visa´. Seafood Meal o Seafood is served in the main course. o Only halal meat is used. INFLIGHT FACILITIES OTHER THAN MEALS ARE : 54. thus avoiding the hassle and expense of obtaining individual visas for each country. o The whole family can learn more about the history and visit the historical places of Italy & Spain. 52. o The client can enjoy the different domestic flight exposure in Spain o They can have pleasure and enjoy the places in France. 46. Special In-flight Services 59.Three of the Countries which I selected needs only less Documents because we are carrying a common visa that is called Schengen Visa instead of carrying individual Visa¶s for each country. This is particularly beneficial for persons who wish to visit several European countries on the same trip. Countries Accepting Schengen Visa o Austria Malta o Belgium the Netherlands o The Czech Republic Norway o Denmark Poland o Estonia Portugal o Finland Slovakia o France Slovenia o Germany Spain and o Greece Sweden o Hungary o Italy o Iceland o Latvia o Lithuania o Luxembourg 47. Continental etc. The purpose of the visit must be leisure. poultry or eggs will be avoided. o The meal will include vegetarian meal with diary products in it. Chinese. o . tourism. Veg-Lacto meal (VLML) o Meats. o The client and his family can enjoy the wide range of cuisine that are provided during the flight. salad . In-Flight Nursing Services 57. o Food will be prepared according to the muslim-shariat laws. INFLIGHT MEAL SERVICES 48. 53. o A Schengen visa allows the holder to travel freely within the Schengen countries for a maximum stay up to 90 days in a 6 month period. Bread roll. Pan Fried Cod . cheese and biscuits 50. Stretcher service 58. Fresh fruit . Muslim/Mohammedan meal (MOML) o Pork. fish. o Day 7 ± (Jan 26) o Visit to Toledo by 9am. ROM . o Day 6 ± (Jan 25) o Mount Etna Volcano visit at 10am. Night stay at hotel . o Arrival : Italy. Refresh and stay at hotel Milan. 66. Depart to Italy by 11:30pm.Night stay at hotel.Night stay at Barcelona. o Day 5 ± (Jan 24) o Vatican museum visit by 9am. FLIGHT DETAILS COK-DXB o Cochin to Dubai o Air India flight 098 o Airline code: AI o Departure: Cochin .30pm.David will guide in Italy. Stay at hotel Grand Hyatt.Shopping at city centre by 2pm.Refresh at hotel. o Day 2 ± (Jan 21) o Visit to museum at 9am. UAE at12:45pm o on Jan 20 o Class: Economy 61. Madrid at 11:30pm on Jan 25 o Class: Economy 63.Mr.Rome at 10am on Jan 23. UAE at11:30pm on Jan 22.60. Back to hotel by 4pm. Depart to Barcelona in domestic flight by 3pm. Tom Sharon will guide to see Spain. o Day 3 ± (Jan 22) o Visit to Bastakiya by 9am. Head to Picasso museum by 5pm. Visit to leaning tower of Pisa by 3pm. o Day 9 ± (Jan 28) . Paris at 2am on Feb3 o Arrival: Cochin . Depart to Pamplona in domestic flight by 7pm. MAD .Mr. Dubai creek ride visit at 5pm. Visit to Piazza Navona by 3pm and Italian opera by 6pm.(Jan 20) o Departing from India by 8:30am.ORY o Spain to France o Iberia Flight 075 o Airline Code: IB o Departure : Madrid-Barajas o at 11pm on Jan29 o Arrival : France.Trade Centre and grand mosque visit by 12pm. Sight seeing till afternoon.Back to hotel room by 3pm. India at 8:30am on Jan 20 o Arrival: Dubai . Madrid.Our representative will guide in Dubai.ROM o Dubai to Italy o British Airways Flight 125 o Airline Code: BA o Departure: Dubai. o Day 4 ± (Jan 23) o Arrival at Italy by 10am. ORY .Spend an hour or two there.MAD o Italy to Spain o Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiane Flight 055 o Airline Code: AZ o Departure : Italy.Mr. Arrival at Dubai by 12:45pm. o Day 8 ± (Jan 27) o Pamplona visit at 8. o Class: Economy 62. Refresh and Depart to airport by 7pm. Rohan Aluvalia .COK o Paris to India o Air India flight 098 o Airline code: AI o Departure: France. DAY TO DAY ITINERARY o Day 1 . Rome at 7pm on Jan 25 o Arrival : Spain.30am. India at 12pm on Feb3 o Class: Economy 65.Visit to Wafi city by 5pm. Paris at 1:30am on Jan 30 o Class: Economy 64. DXB .Arrival to Spain by 11. 67. Stay at Victoria 4. Day 14 ± (Feb 02) Versailles Palace visit by 10am. Activities Of UFTAA o To unite and consolidate the Federations of Travel Agents National Associations o To represent the travel agents¶ activities before various world-wide bodies. Shopping at Flea market and sight seeing at Paris. We have selected the countries keeping the political condition prevailing there in mind. o The main objective of the organization are to promote safe. o It was founded by the airlines in April 1945 in Havana. 1966. 75. Day 13 ± (Feb 01) Visit to Eiffel tower by 10am.o 68. from and within the region. that we have given priority to your safety and security. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organizations. Day 10 ± (Jan 29) Visit to Caves of Drach at Mallorca by 8am. 79. Day 15 ± (Feb 03) Depart to India by 2am. o o o o o o . IFTA and UOTAA. By evening 6pm. 70. A COPY OF PRINTED TICKET ± CLASS ECONOMY 76. Utilizing some hours at caves. o And we make sure that you get the best service through out your journey and you have a pleasant holiday. Why my package is better than somebody else ? o The tour spot offered is not so common o We have designed the package purely depending on personal interest of the client. o Another thing. Fly to Bordeaux by 8pm. In partnership with PATA¶s private and public sector members. Mr. 71. Fly to Paris by 6pm. value and quality of travel and tourism to. 81. Day 11 ± (Jan 30) Arrival at Paris by 1. secure travel and to assist airline companies to achieve lawful competition and uniformity in prices. economical and social surveys in connection with the travel agency. Back to Madrid in 5pm flight from Palma. WHAT IS IATA ? o IATA is an international organization for Air Transport o Association. Refresh and night stay at Le Méridien Etoile . governmental authorities and suppliers o UFTAA encourages the preparations and publications of legal. reliable. we enhance the sustainable growth. Night stay in Paris. Night stay at Palma. Activities Of IATA o Promote the global harmonization of aircraft equipment o Reduce concerns for environmental emissions o Develop plan to address future airline training and qualification requirements o IATA offers a suite of financial services to the airline industry and associated partners to help them contain costs. So we make sure that you and your family is safe. Italy. improve their cash flow and maximise revenues. TICKETS o Ticket-1 72.30am. Depart to France by 11pm. WHAT IS PATA ? o The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is a membership association acting as a catalyst for the responsible development of the Asia Pacific travel and tourism industry. o o o o o o 69. checking out the hotel and moving to airport. Richard will guide in France.Our representative. o Ticket-2 74. recognizing the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. Activities Of PATA o PATA promotes developing and facilitating travel within the Pacific area region and the South-East Asia region including India. 78.Enjoyment at park till 4pm. o It provides the meeting point for all the people involved in the travel trade and all the activities related to it from a large number of countries. on November 22nd. Day 12 ± (Jan 31) Grand theatre visit by 9. Cuba. 77. WHAT IS UFTAA ? o The United Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations (UFTAA) originate from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations created in Rome.30am and shopping. 80. o It provides up to date information on the field of tourism and the practical and theoretical experience in the field of tourism. Arrival at India by 12pm. Visit to Guell park by 9am. 73. Disney land visit at 9am.Depart to Palma in 8pm flight. airports and navigation facilities for ICAO o Meets the needs of the people of the world for safety regular efficient. 94. it was amended in 1955 at The Hague and in 1975 in Montreal.representing 93 percent of scheduled international air traffic. also known as the Chicago Convention. IATA has developed the commercial standards that built a global industry. created as a permanent body on April 4. o The ICAO is composed of 185 member nations 83. It also aims at strengthening its members¶ image and enhance the world travel and tourism industry and a sustainable tourism. Facilitation. o Over 60 years. . 89. o Encourage the arts of the aircraft design and operation for the peaceful purposes. prevention of unlawful interference. Activities Of Chicago Convention o It governs relations between states on technical as well as commercial subjects connecting ICAO. suppliers and other entities of international scope. a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The Convention also exempts air fuels from tax.. Activities Of Warsaw Convention o It deals with claimants which includes the liability of airlines death or injury to passengers and for loss. economical air transport. How IATA & UFTAA Play An Important Role In Travel Industry ? o International Air Transport Association (IATA). o The ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation. Its members comprise some 230 airlines . Universal Federation of Travel Agent¶s Association (UFTAA) o The United Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations (UFTAA) emanates from the Universal Federation of Travel Agents¶ Associations created in Rome. the Warsaw Convention is a different instrument from the Warsaw Convention as Amended by the Hague Protocol. Documentation. 87. aircraft registration and safety. WHAT IS ICAO ? o The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Italy.82. 1966. at least for some purposes. established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 93. Today. The groundbreaking Simplifying the Business initiative is crucial in this area. o Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name). 84. the Confederation develops the following functions : . Moreover. Another main concern is to minimize the impact of air transport on environment 92. Technical assistances etc. UFTAA was originally founded as a result of a merger of two large world organizations. o Its headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal. damage or delay to baggage and cargo in most international travel. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is its global trade organization. and IATA¶s goal is to continually improve safety standards. . and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. IATA¶s mission is to represent.the world¶s leading passenger and cargo airlines among them . notably through IATA¶s Operational Safety Audit (IOSA).1947 for codifying the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. 86. Canada.To comply with its mission. customs. 90. governmental authorities and suppliers . o They govern the air services. safety is IATA¶s number one priority. o UFTAA¶s mission is to be an international forum where matters affecting the world travel industry are addressed. on November 22nd. travel and tourism agencies before the governmental bodies. . FIAV and UOTAA. representing and defending the interests of incoming and outgoing tour operators. 85. lead and serve the airline industry. o The Convention on International Civil Aviation. recognizing the need to unify travel agencies and tour-operators into one international federation. o Universal Federation of Travel Agent¶s Association (UFTAA). 88. o The Convention establishes rules of airspace. 91. Activities Of ICAO o Ensure the safe and orderly growth to international civil aviation throughout the world. United States courts have held that. International Air Transport Association (IATA) o Air transport is one of the most dynamic industries in the world. and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation. WHAT IS WARSAW CONVENTION ? o The principal purpose of the Warsaw Convention is to determine the liability of air carriers in the case of an accident. both in regards to passengers and also baggage and cargo.To represent the travel agents¶ activities before various world-wide bodies. WHAT IS CHICAGO CONVENTION ? o In the year 1944 The Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviations developed. o Encourage the development of the railways. an agency of the United Nations. o IATA¶s aim is to help airlines help themselves by simplifying processes and increasing passenger convenience while reducing costs and improving efficiency.To unite and consolidate the Federations of Travel Agents¶ National Associations and to globally enhance the interests of their members . o IATA serves as an intermediary between airlines and passenger as well as cargo agents via neutrally applied agency service standards and centralized financial systems. Macao o A tiny peninsula in Southeast China. Beijing o The Temple was built in 1420 A. The Great Wall of China 106. Macoa is a popular tourist destination. the wall¶s total length is 6. o Stretching from Central Asia to Yellow sea. and a sandy coastline onto the South China sea. rebuilt. . Beijing 102. 103. o Popular casinos are the major attractions of the city. Temple of Heaven. &apos.400km o It is the world¶s longest human-made structure. HISTORY OF CHINA o China is the World¶s oldest continuous civilization. Macao 104. . o Identify reduction opportunities in fuel consumption. IATA simplifies the travel and shipping processes. BENEFITS INVOLVED IN IATA o For consumers .. CHINA 99.D.To organize a world congress of travel agents and other meetings necessary to the exchange and transmission of knowledge. 95. . and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire. China covers a vast area of eastern Asia. built by the Portuguese in 1602. Temple of Heaven. o For governments. Why IATA Is Considered As One Of The Best Organizations? o IATA is an acronym for International Air Transportation Association.Forbidden City&apos. o Historical attractions such as St Paul¶s Church. o IATA allows airlines to operate safely. Alternative Countries o CHINA o JAPAN o MALAYSIA o SINGAPORE 98. 105. 96. securely. o Reduce concerns for environmental emissions. The Forbidden City 108. & 3 special municipalities. as a voluntary mechanism. either on ground or in flight. 100. o A large network of industry suppliers and service providers gathered by IATA provides solid expertise to airlines in a variety of industry solutions. o IATA identifies and develops operational solutions for all areas affecting aircrafts and airlines. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF CHINA o Temple of Heaven. As Chinese emperors called themselves &apos. o The World¶s Third largest Country. efficiently and economically under clearly defined rules. pay in one currency and then use the ticket on several airlines in several countries. o The Temple of Heaven is enclosed with a long wall. built. It has. during the Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifice to Heaven. The Forbidden City o . the largest population in the World. with fragrant woods. while keeping costs down. o Identify and mitigate priority operational cost issues. long-term decisions 97. an arbitration service which assists in solving conflicts resulting from commercial relations for which amicable settlement cannot be reached . 107.5 autonomous regions. and is an organization which is self owned. o Key Features of IATA¶s are as follows : o Promote the global harmonization of aircraft equipment.To work towards the adoption of measures that will ease travel for the consumer and to offer services to its member federations .China is divided into 22provinces.The Son of Heaven&apos. .they dared not to build their own dwelling. Passengers can make one telephone call to reserve a ticket. The Great Wall of China o The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China. The northern part within the wall is semicircular symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth. bigger than a dwelling for Heaven. by far. o Ruled by the Communist Party since 1949.To offer. Beijing o Macao o The Great wall of China o The Forbidden City o Xian museum 101.To be an investigation and information centre supporting the member Federations¶ work and to offer information for technological development . IATA seeks to ensure they are well informed about the complexities of the aviation industry to ensure better. the Land of Rising Sun. greets visitors to Kyoto. sword fittings. Tokyo Disneyland 115. Aya Castle o Aya Castle (Aya-jo) is believed to have been built in the first half of the 14th century. Xian museum o The Terracotta Armyare the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China. Malaysia has developed their economy at a dramatic rate. o The Peace Park commemorates the memories of all the victims with a Cenotaph listing all their names. Aya Castle 119. 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses. the Kiyomizu Temple. o Usually. o The terracotta figures.an. o The figures include warriors. where the Earth¶s plates collide. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8. Kyoto 123. armor. Japan. with its macabre photographs of the city and its victims is not for the faint-hearted o A memorial called the Children&apos. Japanese Sword museum 121. and documents of metal working. Made up of the World Bazaar. and two mini lands. strongmen.s Peace Memorial signifies the regeneration of Hiroshima 118.were discovered in 1974 by several local farmers near Xi&apos. and the Nanzen Temple are places to visit in this town also famed for its pottery. Ethnic Japanese makes up 99percent of the population.s Toontown. Critter Country and Mickey&apos. o Japan¶s booming economy is a global phenomenon. Shaanxi province.Koto (old sword) and Shinto (new sword) Exhibition". It houses a historical reference museum that exhibits armour worn by samurai in battle.Westernland. o Its ³ring of fire´. the majority of which are still buried in the pits. 116. MALAYSIA 125. Kyoto. o The Atomic Bomb museum. and its future lies in new technology for the 21st century 113. and musicians. swords.500 historical documents and archives on swords. Kyoto o The spectacular sight of an eleven-story elevator at the train station. HISTORY OF JAPAN o Japan. Fantasyland and Tomorrowland.900km into the pacific Ocean. is mirrored in the small lake. o The Archives Room houses about 1. or literally the Golden Pavilion is covered with gold leaf. which is nearby. acrobats. o The park was constructed by Walt Disney. exhibitions such as the ". o The 17th century Nijo castl. HISTORY OF MALAYSIA o One of the most dynamic countries in Southeast Asia. o It came to be called Aya Castle as the person who built this castle identified himself as Aya. each complementing each other yet unique in their style. Rectangular shaped Forbidden City is the world&apos. Hiroshima 117. Hiroshima o The name Hiroshima is synonymous with the horrors of a nuclear holocaust. officials. It is also known as the Palace Museum or Gugong in the Chinese language. 124. Xian museum 110. o Malaysia¶s 13states are ruled by sultans and governors. China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. and ancient documents related to the castle. has some of the most significant temples and shrines in Japan. including swords such as the ones designated as National Treasures made by Nobuyoshi. makes the country vulnerable to earthquakes and erupting volcanoes. Tokyo Disneyland o Tokyo Disneyland is a 115acre theme at the Tokyo Disney Resort located in Urayasu. once the capital of Japan.The Forbidden City is located at the center of Beijing. 111. 120. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF JAPAN o Tokyo Disneyland o Hiroshima o Aya Castle o Japanese Sword museum o Kyoto 114. o The spectacular Kinkaku-ji. the four classic Disney lands: Adventureland. 109. 122. Kuniyuki (Rai) and Kuniyuki (Taima). from which a new king is chosen every five years. Chiba.000 soldiers. stretch about 1. horses. o The present three-storied castle tower was built in 1985. near Tokyo. o There are seven themed areas.s largest palace complex that covers the area of around of 74 hectares. Japanese Sword museum o The Japanese Sword Museum collects and preserves 152 items. are held and the works of famous swordsmiths from the Heian to Edo Periods (782-1867) are on display. o . chariots. JAPAN 112. Sir Stamford Raffles set up a British trading post in Singapore. Batu Feringgi o Batu Ferringhi is situated along the coastal road north-west of Georgetown o It is lined with a string of international-standard resorts and is the most popular beach in Penang. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF MALAYSIA o Langkawi: The island of mystical legends o Batu Feringgi o Petronas Twin Towers o Sepang International F1 Circuit o Gunung Mulu Caves 127. 137. Kampong Glam o Named after the Gelam tree which used to grow in the area. language. Kampong Glam 144. o Chinatown can be divided into four main districts . Singapore Chinatown 141. Fujian province in China. but keep their own culture. Tanjong Pagar and Bukit Pasoh . 143.each with its own distinctive flavour. ultra-cheap duty-free shopping and fascinating legends. o These twin icon pierce the city skylines and are a truly magnificent sight. HISTORY OFSINGAPORE o In 1819. Arab Street o . o Chinatown¶s local name . Telok Ayer. o A key building in Kampong Glam is Sultan Mosque (or Masjid Sultan) at Bussorah Street. 131. Arab Street 146. o One of the World¶s most densely populated countries. Chinatown o Singapore&apos.Niu Che Shui (Bullock Cart Water) arose from the fact each household at that time had to collect fresh water from the wells in Ann Siang Hill and Spring Street. Gunung Mulu Caves o Mulu Caves National Park is home to one of the longest networks of caves in the world. the largest mosque in Singapore 145. 133. Malaysia now has a challenging Formula 1 circuit just outside the KL International Airport. o The circuit hosts international motoring events and is also available for private bookings. o Today. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS OF SINGAPORE o Chinatown o Kampong Glam o Arab Street o Singapore Zoo Night Safari Tour o Sentosa Island 140. using bullock-drawn carts. Kampong Glam was the historic seat of Malay royalty in Singapore. 126. Batu Feringgi 130. SINGAPORE 138. o The Al Abrar Mosque along Telok Ayer Street. 129. Sepang International F1 Circuit 134. which enabled the island to be a free trade centre for the East Indies.s tallest twin structures. otherwise known as KLCC the world&apos. capable of accommodating forty Boeing 747 airplanes. to showcase the rich history and culture of Singapore¶s Malay community. Gunung Mulu Caves 136. formerly known as Temasek. Petronas Twin Towers o The 88-storey Petronas Twin Towers. Langkawi: The island of mystical legends 128. 135.Malaysia posses a ³plural society´. o Beautiful beaches. and way of life. Petronas Twin Towers 132. the Sarawak Chamber. and the Jamae Mosque and Sri Mariamman Temple along South Bridge Road lay witness to the harmonious racial and religious atmosphere in Singapore.s Chinatown evolved around 1821 when the first Chinese junk arrived from Xiamen. Singapore has a myriad of traditional cultures and buildings alongside towering skyscrapers and space-age shops. the former Istana Kampong Glam (Sultan¶s palace) has been converted into a heritage museum. the term means people who live together. 142. Sepang International F1 Circuit o In step with the global rise in motor sports. the Malay heritage Centre. world-class infrastructure. Langkawi: The island of mystical legends o Langkawi-This cluster of 99 islands has the best of many worlds. The heart of activity is in the Trengganu/Smith Streets area. mangroves rich in flora and fauna.Kreta Ayer. 139. o Here lies the world¶s largest underground chamber. o A return ticket . loss of belongings. o This action-packed. o Free export of reasonable quantities of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. o When the amount of your goods exceeds the limit of tax exemption. paintings and calligraphy. theft. .400 cigarettes. Import & export regulation in Japan o You are required to make an oral or a written declaration to Customs about the goods that you bring into Japan. o You&apos. including insurance against medical costs. o pink dolphins at play in the Dolphin Lagoon. Singapore Zoo Night Safari Tour o The world&apos. o Commercial goods and commercial samples are taxable and are not subject to tax exemption indicated below o Alcoholic beverages-3 bottles o Tobacco.ll experience a thrilling sense of roaming through the jungle as you travel through the grounds by open tram. and wholesale bales of silk.ll pass a large reservoir and weave through habitats specially designed to replicate the natural environment. 147. 153. o See ³Images of Singapore´ story and after dinner enjoy the multi-sensory sound and light water show ³Songs of the Sea´. you bought in China should be kept for the exit check.International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever required if arriving from infected area. Sentosa Island o Singapore&apos. o The mystery and drama of the tropical jungle comes alive after dusk. 151. Underwater World oceanarium. organza and lame which dazzle in rainbow hues and intensities. o . entrance will be refused to HIV positive travelers. Sentosa Island 150. sparkling semiprecious stones. . family-friendly afternoon tour to Sentosa Island is guaranteed to please children and adults alike. 3 pieces of new wearing apparel. Import & Export regulations in Malaysia o Free import : .one pair of new footwear. ostrich feathers.400 cigarettes o 50g of gold or silver o 1 still camera and reasonable amount of film o All the receipts of the valuable articles. everyone need a visa o A valid passport is required with at least six months remaining beyond the date of entry. o All visitors are also required to fill in a health declaration certificate on arrival. Arab Street is a designer¶s dream locale! Glittery and lavish fashion items abound. 154. and you&apos. Documents required to visit Japan o A valid passport o A return ticket is required by all visitors to Japan. .max. Documents required to visit Malaysia o Excluding US & UK citizens. or 500 grams of other tobacco products 157. the holy Quran.Arab Street is the centre of the Muslim community where it used to be the main selling place of Muslim men¶s headgear (or songkok). handicrafts. Import& Export regulations Import& Export regulations in China o Free import o 2 liters of alcoholic beverages . from the Chinese Authorities 156. from the Himalayan foothills to the Southeast Asian rainforest and Indian subcontinent. prayer mats and textiles. such as jewelry. jade. gold thread. o Today. o No vaccination is required. iron-on diamantes.one unit of each portable electrical or battery operated appliance for personal care and hygiene. 100 matches. 1 litre of wine. cancellation of journey. o A return or onward ticket is needed. Travel Documents Documents required to visit china o Visitors to China require a passport that is valid for at least six months prior to entry. o Indians need a visa o International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever required if arriving from infected area within 5 days 155. or 100 cigars.s relaxing island resort. o Antiques are not permitted to leave China without the proper ". like the finest lace. .200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 225 grams of tobacco. Singapore Zoo Night Safari 148.max. submit the Declaration of your accompanied and unaccompanied baggage. o Vaccinations .max. 149. spirits or malt liquor. enhanced by subtle moonglow lighting. 152. .s first nighttime zoo safari takes you through 40 hectares of secondary jungle adjoining Singapore Zoo. gold and silver ornaments. o Visas are required o No vaccination is required o One should take out travel insurance before visiting Japan.Certificates for the Export of Cultural Relics". artifacts. Documents required to visit Singapore o All visitors must hold a passport which is valid for at least six months after the date of departure. audio tapes. cannabis.1 litre spirit and o -1 litre of beer. pencil. carvings. bank notes. o Illicit drugs are strictly prohibited 162. or imitation coins.438 m). o Poisonous chemical o Explosives and Fireworks o Imitation arms. Import &export regulations in Singapore o Visitors above 18 years of age arriving from any country (except Malaysia) who have spent more than 48 hours outside Singapore are allowed duty-free concessions of the following o . o Manuscripts. phonograph records. Explosives o Precursor materials for chemical weapons. o Firearms . and any other article which may harm public safety or morals o Articles which infringe upon intellectual property rights. . printed matters. psychotropic substances.46 milligrams per liter in any lead or in any compound of copper.1 litre wine o . films. Prohibited items in Singapore o Intoxicating liquors and cigarettes marked with the words ".000 o Endangered species of fauna and flora (including their specimens) as well as their seeds and reproductive materials. Sri Lanka is about half the size of Alabama. video tapes. paper money. computer memory media and other articles whose contents are related to State secrets of China. 160. and other articles resembling syringes. with every traveler restricted to carrying a total of 6.158. o Pen. altered. and other narcotic drugs (excluding those designated by Ministry of Health. photos. MDMA. toy gun / pistols. mountains in the south-central region rise to over 8. Labour and Welfare Ordinance). o Explosives& weapons. stimulants. Prohibited items Prohibited items in China o Radio transceivers and secure communication devices. o Books. Most of the land is flat and rolling. and forged credit cards. Prohibited items in Malaysia o Intoxicating liquors containing more than 3.000 ft (2. 161. o Germs which are likely to be used for bio-terrorism.SINGAPORE DUTY NOT PAID". laser optic discs. or securities.bullets and pistol parts. on the labels. o Daggers and flick knives. movies. o The national currency of China. drawings. o All these items must be for personal consumption only. Prohibited items in Japan o Heroin. o Counterfeit currency bills & fake securities. There are no duty-free concessions on cigarettes or other 159. cocaine. o Broadcast receivers capable of receiving radio communication o Cloth bearing the imprint or duplicate of any verses of the Quran. opium. o Counterfeit. cartons or packets Sri Lanka Geography An island in the Indian Ocean off the southeast tip of India. o Imitation hand grenades. In 1505 the Portuguese took possession of Ceylon until the Dutch India Company usurped control (1658±1796).C.400 Monetary unit: Sri Lanka rupee . who are predominantly Buddhist. The Tamil minority's mounting resentment toward the Sinhalese majority's monopoly on political and economic power. and Ceylon became an English Crown colony in 1802.W. erupted in bloody violence in 1983. 118.R.332 sq mi (65. she was herself wounded in a terrorist attack. In Dec. tea. Kandy. Moratuwa. 4. and rubber plantations. President: Mahinda Rajapaksa (2005) Prime Minister: Ratnasiri Wickremanayaka (2005) Land area: 24.996 sq mi (64.3.610 sq km) Population (2010 est.990 (growth rate: 0. came to form the largest ethnic group on Sri Lanka today. 1999. or Tamil Tigers. vowed to restore peace to the country. mostly civilians. the second-largest ethnic group on the island. primarily Hindus.D. 656. On Feb. Tamil rebel groups. exacerbated by cultural and religious differences.740 sq km). By early 2000. The name Ceylon was changed to Sri Lanka (³resplendent island´) on May 22. began a civil war to fight for separate nation. the Sinhalese. making Sinhala the country's only official language and including state support of Buddhism. birth rate: 15. President Ranasinghe Premadasa was assassinated at a May Day political rally in 1993.): 21.436. Tamil extremists have frequently resorted to terrorist attacks against civilians. Until colonial powers controlled Ceylon (the country's name until 1972). when a Tamil rebel detonated explosives strapped to himself. further marginalizing the Tamil minority. 112.300. area). He was assassinated in 1959 by a Buddhist monk. total area: 25. The British took over in 1796. 1200.000.513. claimed the northern section of the island and the Sinhalese. Bandaranaike became prime minister in 1956 and championed Sinhalese nationalism. and A. S. 181. 1948. The Tamils. The next president. density per sq mi: 809 Capital and largest city (2003 est. became the world's first female prime minister in 1960. History Indo-Aryan emigration from India in the 5th century B. the strongest of which were the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.D.1/1000. after pressure from Ceylonese nationalist leaders (which briefly unified the Tamil and Sinhalese). The British developed coffee. Ceylon became a self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations. Legislative and judicial capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte. life expectancy: 75.100 (city proper). controlled the south.): Colombo.300 Other large cities: Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 214.000 (metro. Sirimavo Bandaranaike.Government Republic.C.9%).8/1000. His widow. 1972. 18 years of war had claimed the lives of more than 64. were originally from the Tamil region of India and emigrated between the 3rd century B. Chandrika Kumaratunga.000. infant mortality rate: 18. 2. Sinhalese and Tamil rulers fought for dominance over the island. Tamils. Radios: 3. Transportation: Railways: total: 1. Indian Tamil 4. coconuts.).08 million. tea and spices.): textile fabrics. mobile cellular: 228. hydropower.6 billion (2009 est.860 km. rubber and cinnamon.2%.5%. gems. unspecified 10% (2001) Religions: Buddhist 70%. Other communities include Moors. Christian 6% (2001) Literacy rate: 92% (2003 est. services 45%. Television broadcast stations: 21 (1997). The country lays claim to a long and colorful history of over three thousand years. Japan. other 8%. rubber.): textiles and apparel.604 (1999). Singapore. Waterways: 430 km. Jaffna. coconut products. beef. Tamil 18% (national). clothing.6%.9%. Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 494.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est. shortwave 1 (1998). Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.53 million (1997). Major trading partners: U. Unemployment: 5. Internet users: 121. hides. emeralds. Exports: $7 billion (2009 est. coconuts.500. milk.[12] It has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times and is one of the few remaining abodes of Buddhism in South Asia along with Ladakh. Burghers. machinery and transportation equipment. paved: 91. Arable land: 14%. industry 17% (1998 est. eggs. insurance. Trincomalee. white beaches and diverse landscape throughout along with a rich biodiversity. tea. other 0. coffee. Sri Lankan Tamil 3. Islam 8%. agriculture 38%. form the largest ethnic minority. Agriculture: rice. Germany. Imports: $9. banking. who are concentrated in the north and east of the island.9%.835 km (1999).508 km (2002). telecommunications. Natural resources: limestone. graphite. tobacco and other agricultural commodities.. it is full of lush tropical forests. FM 45.5%. petroleum. fish. clay. foodstuffs. Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. per capita $4. India. oilseed. mineral sands.4%. UK.500 (2001). Galle. the latter which is native to the country. China. Labor force: 8. Tamils.): $96. spices. petroleum refining. rubies. rubber manufactures. Malaysia (2004). Televisions: 1. unpaved: 4. Airports: 15 (2002). Member of Commonwealth of Nations Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state which is governed by a semi-presidential system with its official seat of government in Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte. Highways: total: 96. Real growth rate: 3. sugarcane.509 (1998). Sri Lankan Moors 7. The country is famous for the production and export of tea. Radio broadcast stations: AM 26. pulses.85 million (1997). diamonds. fish. Hindu 7%. Hong Kong. Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 5 (2000). the capital. textiles. tea. having one of the longest documented histories in the . navigable by shallow-draft craft. cement.8%. Bhutan and the Chittagong hill tracts[13] The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the population. Ports and harbors: Colombo. Industries: processing of rubber.695 km. grains.43 billion. As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes. phosphates.More Facts & Figures Current government officials Languages: Sinhala 74% (official and national). Iran.[14] The natural beauty Sri Lanka has led to the title The Pearl of the Indian Ocean. coconuts. mineral products. Kaffirs. Inflation: 3. English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10% Ethnicity/race: Sinhalese 73.S. International disputes: none. Tourism is one of the main industries in Sri Lanka. the People's Republic of China. Australia. [edit] List of famous tourist attractions [edit] Beaches and lagoons Main article: List of beaches in Sri Lanka Negombo beach.207 ha). The historical city of Colombo is considered as the "Commercial capitol of Sri Lanka" which attracts many tourists from Asian region to visit for businesses. Major tourist attractions are focused around the islands famous beaches located in the southern and eastern parts of the country. Kandy. Anuradhapura. Commonwealth of Nations. Furthermore three prime ecological sites in the central highlands[5] of Sri Lanka were submitted by Secretary. ancient heritage sites located in the interior of the country and lush green resorts located in the mountainous regions of the country. Sri Lanka's rich culture can be attributed to the many different communities in the island. the United Kingdom[3].world. As at present these sites appear on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites:Peak Wilderness Sanctuary (19. Koddiyar Pattu of Trincomalee District of Eastern Province of Sri Lanka was submitted to [7] UNESCO by the government of Sri Lanka on 30 October 2006. Sri Lanka is a founding member state of SAARC and a member United Nations. G77 and Non-Aligned Movement. .825 ha). Canada. Ministry and Natural Resources of Sri Lanka to UNESCO on 20 March 2006. In addition to above mixed (culture and nature) sites the ancient cultural site of Seruwila Mangala Raja Maha Vihar at the village of Toppur. Sigiriya. Dambulla cave temple and Lion King Singahraja tropical rain forest[4]. and India Sri Lanka is home to seven world heritage sites: Galle. Tourists are also attracted to Sri Lanka by its natural beauty.[1][2] A large majority of tourists come from the United States. National parks in Sri Lanka are also popular visitor attractions. Sri Lanka's many beaches are often visited by tourists.Horton Plains[6] (3 109 ha) and Knuckles Range (1 7. Polonnaruva. and second-largest in Sri Lanka Udawalawe National Park .Largest in Sri Lanka.Famous for Elephants Horton Plains National Park . famous for leopards Minneriya National Park .Only national park in hill country and famous for sambar .Famous for Bird watching Wasgamuwa National Park .Famous for Elephant watching Kumana National Park .Famous for Bird watching Bundala National Park .One most attractive national park Wilpattu National Park .Rock cave temple Maligawila .Ancient Kingdom with temple of tooth relic Galle .Most visited.Ancient Kingdom & fortress Polonnaruwa .Ancient Kingdom Kandy .Ancient Monastery with largest statue of Lord Buddha in Sri Lanka Yapahuwa .Ancient Kingdom Sigiriya .Fortress [edit] National Parks Main article: List of national parks of Sri Lanka y y y y y y y y Yala National Park .beach and islands Trincomalee Polonnaruwa [edit] Archeological Sites y y y y y y y y Anuradapura .Fortress Dambulla .y y y y y y y y y y y Negombo beach & lagoon Bentota Hikkaduwa coral reef Matara Polhena Unawatuna Nilaveli Arugam Bay Pasikudah & Kalkudah Batticalo beach & lagoon Kalpitiya . Sinharaja Forest Reserve.400 million years ago. The gems form in sedimentary residual gem deposits. Sripada aka Adam's peak [edit] Precious stone mining Main article: Gems of Sri Lanka Ratnapura where the city of famous Sri pada mountain located is the center of precious stone mining The precious stones such as rubies and sapphires frequently found in Ratnapura and 90% of the rocks of the island are of Precambrian age. Hortan plains. The blue sapphires from Sri Lanka are known as Ceylon Sapphire. skarn and calcium-rich rocks. The tourists are interested in precious stones also can visit Adam's Peak. Bolgoda. and other gems in the world[9]. Udawalawe National Park and Kitulgala (place of "The Bridge on the River Kwai" was filmed). Ceylon Sapphires are reportedly unique in colour. Other gems are of magmatic origin[8].[edit] Elephants Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage y y Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage Udawalawe Elephant Transit Centre [edit] Adventure Sports y y y y White water rafting .Knuckles Mountain Range. . also Marco Polo wrote that the island had the best sapphires. eluvial deposits. 560 million to 2.Arugam Bay Boating .Bentota.Kithulgala Surfing . topazes. metamorphic deposits. amethysts. Madhu ganga. Koggala Trekking . clarity and lustre compared to the blue sapphires from other countries. Fishing boats in Negombo Their boats are made in two distinct forms. For generations the lagoon has provided the fishermen with a plentiful supply of crabs. which is used to brew arrack. shrimp and many of the native species of fish. or palm sap.[11] The International media reports published about the improvements in industry of January 2008 by 0. The men are regularly forced to head out to the ocean to fish. March 2008 by 8.6%[13] when comparing to last year's (2007) figures Negombo lagoon Main article: Negombo Lagoon The fishermen of the Negombo lagoon live in abject poverty in small. man-powered catamaran fitted with kurlon dividers). and are said to have originated in the islands off the Mozambican coast.[edit] Tourism industry The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami[10] and the past civil war have reduced tourist arrivals but Sri Lanka received over half a million tourists in 2006.[1] History While Vijayabahu's victory and shifting of Kingdoms to the more strategic Polonnaruwa is considered significant. In recent years. the villagers have supplemented the income earned from fishing by collecting toddy. thatch palm villages on the water's edge. they were brought to Sri Lanka by Portuguese traders in the 17th century. but with the onset of global warming these sources of food have dwindled. They rely on traditional knowledge of the seasons for their livelihood. It was his reign that is . Parakramabahu I. oruvas (a type of sailing canoe) and paruvas (a large. often losing money in the chartering process.6%[12]. using outrigger canoes carved out of tree trunks and nylon nets to bring in modest catches from September through till April. the real Polonnaruwa Hero of the history books is actually his grandson. all other monarchs of Polonnaruwa.´ about 6 km away from the town and the main road. However. Each animal is also given around 76 kilograms (170 lb) of green manure a day and around 2 kg (4. always attracted local and foreign tourists. until these matrimonial links superseded the local royal lineage and gave rise to the Kalinga invasion by King Kalinga Magha in 1214 and the eventual passing of power into the hands of a Pandyan King following the Arya Chakrawarthi invasion of Sri Lanka in 1284. attractive tourist hotels and most importantly nice people with hospitality. However. The orphanage was originally founded in order to afford care and protection to the many orphaned elephants found in the jungle. 0 Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage is an orphanage and breeding ground for wild elephants which is situated northwest of the town of Kegalle. and each be used toward the development of the land. They get access to water twice a day. There are government institutions in a newly built area called ³new town. The capital was then shifted to Dambadeniya. being both a defensive border against intruders and the lifeline of the people in times of peace. Historically Polonnaruwa had a tropical climate most of the year. of course is the Parakrama Samudraya or the Sea of Parakrama. Sri Lanka. Polonnaruwa is the 2nd largest city in north central province. As of 2008. who was adamant that no drop of water falling from the heavens was to be wasted. Parakrama Samudraya (a huge lake built in 1200 A. The city Polonnaruwa was also called as Jananathamangalam during the short Chola reign. a tank so vast that it is often mistaken for the ocean. and it encircles the main city like a ribbon. there is a small town with several hotels (especially for tourists) and some glossy shops. there were 84 elephants. The largest school in the district.considered the Golden Age of Polonnaruwa. . The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was completely self-sufficient during King Parakramabahu's reign. although it was occasionally chilly in December and January.4 lb) from a food bag containing rice bran and maize. One recent scientific observation is that of its climate changes. The green environment. amazing ancient constructions. with the exception of his immediate successor. But in recent years the rain and chillyness has been increased noticeably.). But it is known as one of the cleaner and more beautiful cities in the country. Polonnaruwa Royal Central College is situated at new town. They also went on to form more intimiate matrimonial alliances with stronger South Indian Kingdoms. it is more enjoyable for tourists. standing testimony to the discipline and greatness of the Kingdom's first rulers. The ancient city of Polonnaruwa has been declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO. It is of such a width that it is impossible to stand upon one shore and view the other side. It was established in 1975 by the Department of Wildlife Conservation on a 25-acre (10 ha) coconut plantation on the Maha Oya river. The aim of the orphanage is to simulate the natural world.C. systems which to this day supply the water necessary for paddy cultivation during the scorching dry season in the east of the country. Nissankamalla I. and places to fulfill day to day needs. Its beauty was also used as a backdrop to filmed scenes for the Duran Duran music video Save a Prayer in 1982. from the river. irrigation systems far superior to those of the Anuradhapura Age were constructed during Parakramabahu's reign. were slightly weak-willed and rather prone to picking fights within their own court. and all the babies under three years of age are still bottle fed by the mahouts and volunteers. Although this is surprising to some people. But sometimes paddy field farmers suffers when there is too much rain. [edit] Present Situation Today the ancient city of Polonnaruwa remains one of the best planned Archeological relic sites in the country. hence. when trade and agriculture flourished under the patronage of the King. there are some exceptions: the elephants are taken to the river twice daily for a bath. The greatest of these systems. Near the ancient city. The orphanage is open to the public daily. feeding of all other elephants. and the orphanage has the largest herd of captive elephants in the world. has lost her front right leg to a land mine. History Pinnewela was first established by the Sri Lankan Department of Wildlife Conservation in 1975 on a 25-acre (10 ha) preserve for feeding and providing care and sanctuary to orphaned baby elephants that were found in the wild. [edit] Tourism The orphanage is very popular among local and foreign tourists. While most of the elephants are healthy. and bathing.This elephant orphanage is also a breeding place for elephants. The main attraction is the opportunity to observe the bathing elephants from the broad river bank as the herd interacts socially.[1] [edit] Gallery Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage Elephants (Elepahs maximus maximus) bathing in Maha Oya river An elephant at Pinnawala Tourists attraction on elephants bathing Handling an elephant at Pinnawala Baby elephants with their mothers at Blind tusker "RAJA" at Pinnawala . and one. named Sama. Cost (2010) for foreign adults: 2. one is blind. More than twenty-three elephants have been born since 1984. In 1978. Visitors to the park can view many different aspects of the care and daily routine of the elephants. bathing and playing. such as bottle feeding of elephant calves.000 LKR [edit] Animal Welfare Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage is also the subject of a report by the Born Free Foundation which calls into question the animal welfare at the orphanage. and all admission fees are used to look after the elephants. the orphanage was taken over by the Department of National Zoological Gardens. and in 1982 an elephant breeding program was launched. it is days of walking. Chandra Taal. . Trekking always refers to walking on trails[citation needed]. Trekking is not mountaineering. a 10 meters (32 ft 9. include Kedarnath. Hemkund. Typical trekking areas in Nepal are Mount Everest. Singalila Ridge. became a word in English language in mid 19th century. and means a long arduous journey.[1] [edit] Trekking in the Himalayas The Himalayan regions are famous for trekking/hiking. Milam Glacier. trekken (verb). The Himalayan routes attract a large number trekkers. Nanda Devi Sanctuary. it does not entail cross-country hiking or climbing over rough terrain. (literally meaning to "pull. which gets fewer trekkers than Nepal. along with adventure.Maligawila. Gomukh. claimed in some quarters to be the tallest free-standing statue of Buddha in the world.4 in) tall limestone statue of Buddha. Kedartal and Roopkund. approximately 15 kilometers (9 mi) south from Moneragala and 9 kilometers (6 mi) from Okkampitiya in the Moneragala District. typically on foot. Saurkundi Pass. Kafni Glacier. Satopanth tal.7 in) limestone portrait. Annapurna.[1][2] This Buddha draws many tourists to the region.[4] There is additionally a 10th century historical pillar placed in the 10th year of the rule of Mahinda IV (956-972 AD). including a free-standing 11 meters (36 ft 1. The most popular trekking routes in India. which were discovered in the 1950s and restored between 1989 and 1991. These statues. Richenpong. or Maligavila is a village in Sri Lanka. Valley of Flowers. Trek or trekking means a long journey to be undertaken on foot in areas where common means of transport is generally not available. Contents [hide] y y y y 1 Etymology 2 Trekking in the Himalayas 3 See also 4 References [edit] Etymology The term derived from South African Dutch word trek (noun).1 in) or 12 meters (39 ft 4. Langtang and Dolpo.[3] It also boasts the Avalokitesvara statue. It is the site of several important archaeological pieces. Pindari Glacier. though the Avukana Buddha Statue is also said to be taller. Sar Pass. travel"). are believed to have been commissioned by the 7th century prince Agghabodhi.