FOUR VALUES INFILIPINO DRAMA AND FILM Nicanor Tiongson .Symbols of Social Stratification in the Philippines • Light coloring is correlated with intelligence and a light-skinned attractive person will receive advancement before his or her colleagues. • Family position and patron-client associations are useful in achieving success. . • Women above the poverty level have extensive wardrobes. • Owning a vehicle is a clear statement of a high social level. • Sending one's children to the best schools is the most important indicator of social position.• Money to buy consumer goods is an indicator of power. . and taste. culture and nature. art. • sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.Aesthetics • is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty.“ • studies new ways of seeing and of perceiving the world. and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. • defined as "critical reflection on art. white skin.” . big eyes.White is Beautiful During the Spanish times: • To be a prince or a princess in a komedya. small mouth. one had to “look the part”. and most of all. which is to be “tall like a man. • One had to have sharp nose. • He or she had to have magandang tindig. above the “ethnic-looking” who. were relegated to slapstick comedians and roles of maids or minor friends. . in spite of their superior talent.During the American regime: • Bodabil not only singled out Filipinos who can do imitations but necessarily favored the Caucasianlooking either as the closer imitations of the “originals” or as “leading mans types”. . Shows are the Best Forms of Entertainment before: • • • • • • Komedya Sinakulo Zarzuela Dramas Bodabil Stage show . . Hurrah for the Undergo • In the Spanish times the two principal forms of literature and their dramatic counterparts set up two types of heroes for the indios edification and emulation. • The pasyon and its dramatic counterpart. . the sinakulo. the komedya and the moro-moro. • The awits and koridos and their dramatic counterparts. . . and ugly but well dressed step-sisters.• During the American regime. . represented by adject poverty by rich donyas. blushing rural maids. labanderas. utusans. usually has for heroines are. tinderas of sampaguita or kakanin who are hounded by various relentless furies. evil madastras. malicious mother-in-law. . the colonial dramas always ended with the affirmation that all evil are punished and all good are rewarded.All is Right in the World • In Spanish times. • In American times. . the maudlin heroines and shy heroes of the dramas and zarzuelas were showered with happy endings usually in the form of marriage to a rich man’s son or daughter and were besieged by teary repentance of donyas. madrastas and sisters-in-law.