ChE Enhancement Program 2Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer (Part 1) Flow in Pipes and Channels 1. Calculate the hydraulic mean diameter of the annular space between a 40 mm and a 50 mm tube. A. 5 mm B. 10 mm C. 15 mm D. 20 mm 2. 0.015 m3/s of acetic acid is pumped through a 75 mm diameter horizontal pipe 70 m long. What is the pressure drop in the pipe? Viscosity of acid = 2.5 mNs/m 2, density of acid = 1060 kg/m3, and roughness of pipe surface = 6x10-5 m. A. 100.5 kN/m2 B. 114.4 kN/m2 C. 158.7 kN/m2 D. 267.6kN/m2 3. Given strength of pipe is 10000 psi and working pressure of 400 psi, find the schedule number. A. Schedule 40 B. Schedule 80 C. Schedule 10 D. Schedule 5 Situation 1: Sulphuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60 m length of smooth 25 mm pipe. Density of acid is 1840 kg/m3 and viscosity of acid is 25mN s/m2. 4. Calculate the drop in pressure. A. 756 kN/m2 B. 641 kN/m2 C. 840kN/m2 D. 943 kN/m2 5. If the pressure drop falls by one half, what will be the new flowrate? A. 0.98 kg/s B. 1.86 kg/s C. 3.57 kg/s D. 0.89 kg/s 6. Water (density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1mNs/m2) is pumped through a 50 mm diameter pipeline at 4 kg/s and the pressure drop is 1 MN/m 2. What will be the pressure drop for a solution of glycerol in water (density 1050 kg/m 3, viscosity 10mNs/m2) when pumped at the same rate? Assume the pipe to be smooth. A. 0.99E6 N/m2 B. 1.77E6 N/m2 C. 2.77E7 N/m2 D. 3.51E7 N/m2 Situation 2: Crude oil having a specific gravity of 0.93 and a viscosity of 4 cP is draining by gravity from the bottom of a tank. The depth of liquid above the drawoff connection in the tank is 6 m. The line from the drawoff is 3-in. Schedule 40 pipe. Its length is 45 m, and it contains one ell and two gate valves. The oil discharges into the atmosphere 9 m below the drawoff connection of the tank. 7. What is the outside diameter of the pipe? A. 2.875 in B. 3.500 in C. 3.068 in. D. 1.185 in 8. Estimate the velocity that can be expected through the line. A. 3.50 m/s B. 1.28 m/s C. 4.37 m/s D. 2.01 m/s 9. What flow rate, in cubic meters per hour, can be expected through the line? A. 75.0 m3/h B. 100.0 m3/h C. 175.0 m3/h D. 200 m3/h Flow of Compressible Fluids Situation 3: Hydrogen is pumped from a reservoir 2MN/m 2 pressure through a clean horizontal mild steel pipe 50 mm diameter and 500m long. The downstream pressure is also 2 MN/m2 and the pressure of this gas is raised to 2.6 MN/m2 by a pump at the upstream end of the pipe. The conditions of flow are isothermal and the temperature of the gas is 293 K. Viscosity of hydrogen = 0.009 mN s/m2 at 293 K. 10 mm diameter. The person responsible for coining the term “unit operation” is A. 0.077 g Flow of Solids in Fluids (Hindered Settling) 21. 88mm/s 18. Surface tension D.10. 51 mm/s C. 12 kN/m2 C. Calculate the terminal velocity of a steel ball. the density of mercury as 13. Viscosity* B.219 g 19. A thin-lipped orifice. 0. What will be the terminal falling velocity of a glass sphere 1 mm in diameter in water if the density of the glass is 2500 kg/m3? A. 0.3x10-5 m/s B.672 kg/s D. Calculate the mass of acid flowing per second. What is the mass of a sphere of material of density 7500 kg/m 3 whose terminal velocity in a large deep tank of water is 0. 113kW B. A. 223kW C. 15 mm/s B. 2mm diameter and a density 7870 kg/m3 in an oil of density 900kg/m3 and viscosity 50mNs/m2? A.189 m/s C. What is the mass of a sphere of density 7500 kg/m 3 which has a terminal falling velocity of 0. 0. What is the terminal velocity of a spherical particle. Assume that the leads of the manometer are filled with the acid. 0. 0. 333kW D. 0.741 m3/kg D.781 m/s 20.254 m3/kg C.001 kg/s D. Drag coefficient .044 g C. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice may be taken as 0. 0. 0. 0. 7.129 g D. 0. 0. What is the effective rate of working of the pump? A.76x10-5 m2 14.762 kg/s C.267 kg/s B. The settling velocity is A. 0. The resistance of fluid to flow over the next layer is measured by A. 433kW Flow and Pressure Measurement Situation 4: Sulphuric acid of density 1300 kg/m 3 is flowing through a pipe of 50 mm internal diameter. What is the specific volume at the upstream end of the pipe? A.151 kg/s C. 0.09 mm and a density of 2. A. Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer Part 1 22. What is the flowrate of the pump? A. 8.162 m3/kg 11. 3x10-2 m/s Elements in Fluid Flow.61.066 g D. 0. 3.111 m/s 17.145 m/s C.468 m3/kg B. 93 mm/s D. 0. Warren McCabe B. Friction factor C. and the density of water as 1000 kg/m3.127 kg/s 15. 5. Solid spherical particles having a diameter of 0. Arthur Little* C. 13. George Davis 23.981 m/s D. 0.541 m/s B. 1.011 g B. 0.891 m/s B.652 kg/s 12.550 kg/m3. 0.092 g C.451 m/s D. What is the area of the orifice? A.213 kg/s B. The volume fraction of the solids in the water is 0. 0. 0. Allan Foust D. 0. 0. 0.57x10-5 m2 D. 18 kN/m2 D. Calculate the approximate loss of pressure caused by the orifice.7 m/s in a large tank of water? A.6 m/s? A. 0. 0.002 kg/m 3 are settling in a solution of water at 26. settling in an oil of density 820 kg/m3 and viscosity of 10mNs/m2? The density of steel is 7870 kg/m3.369x10-4 m/s D.269x10-3 m/s C.7°C. is fitted in the pipe and the differential pressure shown by a mercury manometer is 10 cm. 2. A. 0. 0. 0.87x10-5 m2 B.45. 25 kN/m2 Flow of Solids in Fluids (Free Settling) 16. 3.029 g B.40mm in diameter.85x10-5 m2 C. 15 kN/m2 B. Only if the fluid is frictionless and incompressible 35.s 30. The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in fluid A. Froude number C. Increases* B. Equal* D. A. Reynold’s number B. Vent C. Greater than C. Pascal-second C. . Alcohol finds use in manometers as: A. For Newtonian fluids. Equal to shear rate of deformation D. Nonnewtonian fluid C. Decreases C. It is the ratio of flow to the velocity of sound A. Peclet number 27. Nozzle* B. A hypothetical gas or liquid which offers no resistance to shear and therefore has zero viscosity A. Newtonian fluid D.24. Less than B. Which of the following statements about a Newtonian fluid is most accurate? A. It provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube B. Shape* C. All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable to fluid flow problems except the ______. Cheap and easily available 33. For supersonic flow. Shear stress is multi-valued D. Liquids and gases take the following characteristic(s) of their contents. A linear function of the shear rate of deformation* 25. None of these 31. Independent of the motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer B. Shape and volume D. Shear stress is proportional to strain B. Thixotropic fluid 26. the shear stress is A. Inversely proportional to rate of deformation C. Constant B. A pipe has a 2-inch inlet and has a 4-inch outlet. Neither shape nor volume 32. Mach number D. Shear stress is proportional to strain* 34. Lb/ft. Volume B. A. A and B are correct* D. venturi 29. Viscosity is zero C. The speed of sound in all fluid is most closely related to all of the following properties except ________. the mass flow ratio of the inlet is _________ to that of the outlet. Not equal 28. A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a A. Perfect fluid* B. the pressure of fluid must decrease as the fluid flow area of the duct A. Mach number* C. Orifice D. When there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer* C. Centipoises B. thus more accuracy can be obtained C. Stanton number D. Its density being less can provide longer length for a pressure difference. Remain the same D. Centistokes* D. Which of the following is a unit of kinematic viscosity? A. A. Reynolds number B. Biot number* 36. Only if the fluid is frictionless D. More/less depends on flow 43. Kutter’s C D. Less C. At a distance approximately ½ the diameter of the orifice* . Pressure energy C. With prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall C. Moody diagram* D. Principle of conservation of energy* C. Mollier diagram 38. Total energy B. What is the coefficient of contraction? A. Relative humidity 41. Subsonic C. Hydrometer is used to find out A. Thermal conductivity* 37. The hydraulic grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following? A. Sonic B. Specific gravity of liquids* B. The ratio of the area of the vena contracta to the area of the orifice* B. Total energy* B. A. Flow factor B. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy 40. Potential energy D. Having closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows B. With closed perimeter and or regular form through which water flows B. The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to coefficient of velocity is found to be ____________. The ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge C. A. More B. Psychrometric chart C. With partially full flow D. Specific gravity of gases D. Hydraulic radius* C. Principle of conservation of mass 46. Weir refers to an opening A. The ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter is known as ___________________.A. Equivalent diameter 47. Steam table B. In hydraulic structure with regulation provision* 42. Having partially full flow* D. A. Supersonic D. At the orifice B. Orifice refers to an opening A. Where is the vena contracta most likely located? A. Specific gravity of solids C. Potential energy D. The energy grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following A. Compressibility B. The ratio of the effective head to the actual head 48. The ratio of the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity D. Having prolonged sides with length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall C. Continuity equation B. Fourier’s law D. Supersonic on one side and subsonic on the other side* 45. Same* D. Density C. The flow on two sides of a normal shock wave is called _______________________. Pressure energy C. Which of the following is the basis of Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow? A. Bulk modulus D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy* 39. Friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows can be found plotted in a A. In hydraulic structure with regulation provision 44. The flow of the convergent section of a nozzle is always subsonic. If the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross. 10 times poise* B. At a distance approximately twice the diameter of the orifice 49. Kinetic viscosity* B. A vacuum C. Weber number C. Water gas 50.C. The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called_____________________. height above a chosen datum. A. Each other D. velocity of flow. What is the difference between the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line? A. Compressibility D. Pressure. The velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe section is _______________. Greater than unity B. Turbulent B. Fluid* B. 1/9. Critical C. Potential energy B. Velocity* 57. Which of the following statements about gauge pressure is most correct? Gauge pressure are measured relative to ______________________. Adhesion* 56. Pressure energy C. Pressure D. A. Volumetric strain B. Rotational or irrotational B. Volumetric discharge B. Maximum* B. density. Pressure only C. density of fluid 59. Volumetric index C. Friction losses 58. unity . Average D. Atmospheric pressure* B. Fanning friction factor D. At a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the orifice D. SI unit of viscosity is A. Flux C. Minimum C. The surface 55. Laminar or turbulent D. internal energy. If the flow is subsonic hen the mach number is: A.81 times poise C. A substance that is able to flow and yields to any force tending to change its shape without changing its volume such as water and air. A. Velocity of flow only B. Less than unity* C. the fluid is said to be: A. The energy of a fluid flowing at any section in a pipeline is a function of: A. Near unity D. A. 9. Gas oil D. Logarithmic average 51. pressure and velocity of flow* D. Laminar* 60. 1/10 times poise 52. Real or ideal* C. What is measured by a pitot tube? A. Newtonian or non-newtonian 53. Mass flow C. Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter? A. For computation convenience. Kinetic energy* D. Height above a chosen datum. Dynamic D.81 times poise D. Froude number 54. fluids are usually classed as A.