First Certificate Booklet 2

F.C.E BOOKLET 1 MOCK TESTS & FURTHER PRACTICE   .............................  THE PAST OF REGULAR VERBS  REGULAR VERBS HAVE 3 DIFFERENT PRONUCIATIONS IN THEIR ENDINGS: T / ID / D  REGULAR VERBS HAVE 3 DIFFERENT ENDINGS IN THEIR SPELLING : D /ED /IED T ID D WALK walkED WANT wantED WASH washED STOP stopPED HATE hatED ARRIVE arriveD TALK talkED ENJOY enjoyED LAUGH laughED LOOK lookED CARRY carrIED REMEMBER rememberED COOK cookED STUDY studIED ANSWER answerED WORK workED WORRY worrIED LISTEN listenED LIKE likED SAIL sailED LOVE loveD JUMP jumpED PLAY playED SAVE saveD ASK askED PAINT paintED TURN turnED MISS missED WAIT waitED SHOW showED WATCH watchED STAY stayED DANCE danceD DRESS UP dressED up CRY crIED OPEN openED TOUCH touchED HURRY hurrIED BRUSH brushED PRODUCE producED DECIDE decidED CLOSE closeD HOPE hopED NEED needED LEARN learnED WISH wishED HUNT huntED SOLVE solveD MARK markED TRY trIED USE useD MARCH marchED DENY denIED KILL killED REPLY replIED CHANGE changeD SUGGEST suggetED CALL callED EXPLAIN explainED REFUSE refuseD LOAD loadED RETURN returnED BOARD boardED DIE dieD START startED LIVE liveD LAST lastED TRAVEL travelLED INSIST insistED CLEAN cleanED RESIST resistED MURDER murderED INVITE invitED SERVE servED Irregular verbs Awake awoke* awoken Let let let Bear bore born Lie lay lain Beat beat beaten Light lit lit Become became become Lose lost lost Begin began begun Make made made Bend bent bent Mean meant meant Bet bet* bet* Meet met met Bite bit bitten Pay paid paid Bleed bled bled Put put put Blow blew blown Read read read Break broke broken Ride rode ridden Bring brought brought Ring rang rung Build built built Rise rose risen Burn burnt* burnt* Run ran run Buy bought bought Say said said Can could could See saw seen Catch caught caught Sell sold sold Choose chose chosen Send sent sent Come came come Set set set Cost cost cost Shake shook shaken Cut cut cut Shine shone shone Dig dug dug Shoot shot shot Do did done Show showed shown Draw drew drawn Shut shut shut Drink drank drunk Sing sang sun Drive drove driven Sink sank sunk Eat ate eaten Sit sat sat Fall fell fallen Sleep slept slept Feed fed fed Slide slid slid Feel felt felt Smell smelt smelt Fight fought fought Speak spoke spoken Find found found Spell spelt spelt Fly flew flown Spend spent spent Forbid forbade forbidden Spill spilt spilt Forget forgot forgotten Stand stood stood Forgive forgave forgiven Steal stole stolen Freeze froze frozen Stick stuck stuck Get got got Sting stung stung Grow grew grown Swear swore sworn Hang hung* hung* Sweep swept swept Have had had Swell swelled swollen Hear heard heard Swim swam swum Hide hid hidden Swing swung swung Hit hit hit Take took taken Hold held held Teach taught taught Hurt hurt hurt Tear tore torn Keep kept kept Tell told told Kneel knelt knelt Think thought thought Know knew known Throw threw thrown Lay laid laid Wake woke woken Lead led led Wear wore worn Learn learnt* learnt* Win won won Leave left left Write wrote written Lend lent lent ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY: EASY GOING A person who gets on well with people. TALKATIVE A person that talks too much PRACTICAL A person that makes decisions easily DREAMER A person that doesn't think practically. SHY A reserved person SELF CONFIDENT A person who is very secure of himself. INSECURE A person who doubts a lot SELF CENTRED A person who thinks too much about himself. GENEROUS A person who finds it easy to share GREEDY A person who doesn't feel he has enough. SELFISH A person who doesn't like to lend money MEAN A person who doesn't like to share things MOODY A person who changes his temper easily. GOOD TEMPERED A bad humored person BAD TEMPERED A good humored person SILENT A person that doesn't talk much HOT BLOODED A person who gets angry easily CALM A person that doesn't feel nervous easily RELIABLE A person you can trust on UNTRUSTWORTHY A person you cant trust on LIAR A person who tells lies HONEST A person who always tells the truth OPEN MINDED A person that can accept other people's NARROW MINDED opinion STUBBORN A person that thinks he is always right SKEPTIC A hard headed person SYMPATHETIC A person that needs to see to believe SENSITIVE A person that can feel pity for others SENSIBLE A person that shows his emotions COLD BLOODED A person that reasons RUDE A person that doesn't show his emotions FRIENDLY A bad educated person UNFRIENDLY A person that makes friends easily LAZY A person that doesn't make friends easily HARDWORKING A person that doesn't like to work WORKAHOLIC A person that works hard A person that works too much  PRACTICE ON VERB TENSES SIMPLE PAST - PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE PUT THE VERBS IN THE CORRECT TENSE 1. I ---------- (lose) my key , I can’t find them anywhere. 2. When I ----------- (get) home last night, I ----------(be) very tired and I ---------- (go) straight to bed. 3. The house was very quiet when I ----------- (arrive) home. Everybody -------------(go) to bed. 4. We were driving along the road when we ------------(see) a car which ---------------(break) down, so we ------------ (stop) to see if we could help. 5. When Jack -------------- (open) the door of his office, he ------------- (find) out that somebody -------------- (steal) the money from the safe. 6. Yesterday morning I ------------ (get) up and ------------ (look) out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very dirty. It ------------------- (rain) all night long. 7. He was out of breath. He ----------- (run). 8. Sorry I’m late, the car ----------- (break) down on the way here. 9. karen ------------ (not want) to come to the cinema with us because she------------------ (already see) the film. 10.At first I thought I ------------ (do) the right thing, but soon I ---------(realise) that I ---------------- (make) a mistake. 11. I ------------ (not know) who she was. I ------------ (never see) her before. 12.We --------- (be) extremely tired at the end of the journey. We ------------- (travel) for more than 24 hours. 13. Ann was sitting in an armchair watching tv. She -------- (be9 tired because she -------------- (work) very hard 14.When the boys ----------- (come) into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them ---------- (have) a black eye. They ---------------- (fight) 1) Present Continuous and Present Simple for future arrangements: 1- we (go) _________ to the cinema this evening. The film (start) ____________ at 8:00 and (finish) _____________ around 10:00. 2- What time the (next bus to Brighton/leave)___________________________________? 3- I (meet)____________ Caroline tomorrow evening. 4- According to the travel agent, the plane (leave) ____________ London at 3:30and (arrive)____________ in Geneva at 4:45. 5- (you/go) _______________ to the football match tomorrow evening. 6- John (fly)________________to Barcelona next Sunday afternoon 7- (the concert/begin) _______________ at 8:30 or 9:00 tonight?. 8- (Robert/get)_____________ married next week? 9- Sue (come) ____________ to see us tomorrow, her train (arrive)____________ at ten in the morning. 2) Will or Going to? 1- what (do) _____________ with those tools?. __I (repair) __________ the car. 2- Oh! No!. We haven’t got any milk!._ Haven’t we?, I (get) __________ some from the shops, then. 3- Did you phone Jack?. _Oh! No!. I completely forgot. I (phone) __________ him now. 4- Are you going shopping? I (come)__________ with you if you like. 5- I`ve decided to go away for the weekend. I (visit)_______________ some friends in Kent. 6- I`m really hungry. _ Are you? I (make)__________ you something to eat. 7- I`ve decided to sell my flat._ Where (you/ live)____________?. 8- I`ve bought some wallpaper. I (decorate) _________ the living room at the weekend. 9- I really must go now. _ If you wait a moment I (give) ___________ you a lift in my car. Sarah has made up her mind that she (change)___________ her job 2) Put the verbs in the correct tense: 1- It (be) ____________ around 8 o’clock last night and it (begin) _______________ to get dark. Sue (wait) ____________ at the bus stop outside the station when a stranger (walk) ______________ up to her. 2- We (be) _____________ in the park at the time . the children (play) ____________ football and we (sunbathe) ______________ when it suddenly (start) _____________to pour with rain. 3- As I (leave) ___________ the airport this morning, the taxi I (travel) _____________ in was involved in an accident. We (stop) _________ suddenly at a traffic light and a lorry (crash) ____________ into us from behind. 1) Present Perfect or Simple Past: 1- Alice lives in Manchester now. She (live)___________ there for 6 months. 2- Kevin (live) ____________ in Newcastle until 1980. 3- You look different. (you/have) _____________ a hair cut. 4- I (have) ____________ a haircut at the new hairdresser’s in North Street last week. 5- Maria has got a new motorbike. How long (she/have) _____________ it?. 6- Look outside!. It (stop) _______________ raining. 7- It (stop) ______________ raining a few moments ago. 2) Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple: join the sentences using when 1- I (feel) better/I (take) the medicine. 2- I (just/go) to bed/ Gloria (phone) me last night. 3- He (leave) the restaurant/ he (finish) his meal. 4- I (start) to repair the car / I (change) my clothes. 5- We (start) to play tennis/ it (stop) raining. 6- The train ( already/ leave)/ I (arrive) at the station. 7- The thieves ( already/ escape)/ the police ( arrive) at the bank. 8- The lesson ( already/start)/ I (get) to the classroom. v) Choose the correct verb form 1- I (think/ `m thinking) you’re wrong. 2- Be quiet! I(`m thinking/ think). 3- (Do you remember/ are you remembering) his name? 4- Where’s Elaine?. She (is having/has) a shower. 5- How long (have you had/ have you been having)your computer? 6- (I don’t want to/I’m not wanting to) go out this evening. 7- (Do you like/ Are you liking) football? Past simple or continuous:1) join these ideas using when or while 1- I (burn) my hand / I (cook) dinner. 2- She (run) down the street/ we (see)her. 3- He (fall) asleep/he (watch) the film. 4- The sun (shine) / I (get)up this morning. 5- She (hurt) her back/ she (lift) the heavy bags. 6- We (play) tennis/ it (begin) to rain. 7- I (have) a bath/ the telephone (ring). 8- He (fall) off the ladder/ he (clean) the windows. 9- They(have) an accident/they (drive) to London. 10- I (go) down the lift/ it suddenly (stop). Put the verbs in the correct tense We _________(go) to Italy next week. We ___________ (take) the plane. Usually we __________(have) two week’s holiday, but this year we _____________ (have) four. We _____________ (not take) the car because the journey ___________(take) too long. We ___________ (stay) at a friend’s house in Varese. Usually he ____________(work) in Milan, but at the moment he__________(spend) the Summer in New York. An American who ___________(visit) Russia, __________(want) to go on a wild bear hunt and __________(pay) a lot of money for the sport. The travel agent ___________ (take) the American to Moscow’s Perdelino Forest. Suddenly, he ____________ (see) a bear and ____________ (decide) to get closer because he ______________ (hope) to shoot at it. A postman, who ___________ (ride) past on his bicycle, ______________ (fall) off in surprise when he ___________(spot) the bear. The bear _____________(come) over to the bicycle, ____________(pick) it up and _____________(ride) off. In fact, it ___________ (not be) a wild bear at all. It ______________ (perform) at the local circus. The bear ____________ (escape), the postman _____________ (lose) his bike and the American _____________ (ask) for his money back. Howard Hughes, the American film producer, lived/used to live for fifteen years completely on his own. He was spending/ used to spend all day lying on his bed watching films. He would hate/ used to hate touching anything that wasn’t/ didn’t use to be sterile. He was living / used to live on tinned chicken soup for weeks, and then was changing / used to change to a diet of ice cream. When he died/ used to die, he was/ used to be a billionaire. B) Choose the most suitable word 1- I ________ home late last night when I saw the accident. A) drove B) was driving 2- When I _______ this morning, the sun was shining. A)got up B)was getting up 3- We ______ in the park when it started raining. A)walked B)were walking 4- When I got up, I had breakfast and then I _______ shopping. A)went B) had gone 5- Look outside!. It I _______ again. A) rains B)is raining 6- I ________ to school by bus. A)usually come B)am usually coming 7- _________ this book at the moment. A) do you read B)are you reading 8- I ________ some money in a competition two years ago. A)won B)have won 9- Peter looks different. He ______ a moustache. A) grew B) has grown 10-I’m sorry I’m late. _______ here for long? A) have you been waiting B)are you waiting 11-I ________ my best friend Eddie since I was eleven years old. A)know B) have known 12-If you pay in advance, you ______ receive a discount.  A) will B)would 13- What time ______ for London? A) does the next coach leave B)is the next coach going to leave 14- “Why don’t you move the chairs?”. “I ______ the carpet”. A) will clean B) am going to clean 15-“School ______ until 9.30 on Wednesday morning. A)doesn’t start B) will not start C) Put the verb in the appropriate form 1- I’m thinking of ______________(go) away next weekend. 2- Would you like _______________(go) for a walk in the park?. 3- Have you ever been _______________(ice-skate). 4- . Danny would rather ______________(stay) at home this evening. 5- I always enjoy ________________(watch) a movie at night. 6- I remember _______________(tell) you that Jane called you. 7- I can’t stand ______________ (stay) in crowded places. A) Put the verbs into the most suitable tense 1- Who ________ (invent) the bicycle?. 2- “Do you still have a headache?”. “No ____________ (it / go), I’m ok now”. 3- I was the last one to leave the office. Everybody else ___________(go) home. 4- What ______________ (you / do) last weekend?. _______________ (you / go) away?. 5- I like your car. How long ____________(you / have) it?. 6- We decided not to go out because ______________(it / rain) quite hard. 7- Jill is an experienced teacher, ____________(she / teach) for 15 years. 8- ________________(I / buy) a new jacket last week but _______________ (I / not / wear) it yet. 9- A few days ago ___________________(I / see) a man at a party whose face __________(be) very familiar. At first I couldn’t think where ______________ (I / see) him before. 10- __________________(you / hear) about Agatha Christie?. _______________ (she / be) a writer who ________________ (die) in 1976. ____________________ (she/write)more than 70 detective novels. __________________(you / read) any of them?. 11- A: “What ________________ (this word / mean)?.” 12- B: “I’ve no idea. ________________(I /never /see) it before. Look it up in the dictionary. 13- A: ________________(you / arrive) at the theatre in time for the play last night?. 14- B: No, we were late. By the time we got there, ________________ (it / already / begin). 15- I went to John’s room and ____________ (knock) on the door but there ___________(be) no answer. 16- Angela asked me how to use the photocopier. _______________(she / never / use) it before, so __________________ (not / know) what to do. 17- Mary ___________ (go) for a swim after work yesterday. _________________(she /need) some exercise because ________________ (she/sit) in an office all day in front of a computer. 18- Ann is sitting on the ground. She’s out of breath. ____________________(she/ run). 19- Yesterday afternoon Sharon __________ (go) to the station to meet Paul. When she ____________ (get) there, Paul ________________(already/ wait) for her. His train _____________ (arrive) early. 20- We can go out now. It _______________(not / rain) any more. 21- Look it begins to rain. Unfortunately I don’t have an umbrella with me. Is beginning didn’t have Will begin had 22- I don’t want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I don’t want to go to the zoo because it rains Want is going to rain Didn’t want was raining. 23- We are going to have four tests since last semester, I have been studying very hard  Have had was studying Were having study 24- The police had been looking for the thief for two years before they caught him. Looked Were looking He kidnapped three children. Kidnap Had kidnapped 25- Oh! I’m so excited. This time next week I am swimming in the Caribbean sea. Will be swimming Swim 26- “Do you want to go shopping with me?. I go to the shopping mall this will go afternoon am going to go 27- A: “This letter is in French, and I don’t speak a word of French. Can you help me?” B: “Sure, I will translate it for you am going to translate translate 28- I enjoyed to visit them yesterday because they invited me to go to the circus. Visiting going 29- The burglar admitted stealing the money. The police caught him because he To steal forgot switching the alarm off to switch CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE: 1- Tom didn’t pass the exam. If he ______________ harder, he would have passed it. A) study B)studied C)had studied 2- A= “I’m hungry!!” B= “But you’ve already had lunch, you ________________ hungry already A)can’t be B)won’t be C)needn’t be 3- A= “I haven’t seen our neighbors for ages. Have you?”. B= “No. They _____________ away”. A) could go B) may go C)must have gone 4-A= “What’s the weather like?. Is it raining?” B= “Not at the moment but it _______________ later. A)should rain B)has to rain C)may rain 5-If you ____________ a wallet on the street, what would you do? A) found B) had found C)will find 6- It was such a good holiday. I really enjoyed ____________ by the sea. A) to be B) being 7- Did I tell you I was unhappy?. I don’t remember ___________ that. A) to say B) saying 8-“Remember _____________ Tom tomorrow, it is his birthday. A)phoning B) to phone 9-After ________ by the police, the man admitted _____________ the car, but denied A)stopping B) to stop A) to steal B)stealing ______________ at 100 miles an hour A)to drive B)driving 10-“The water here is not very good. I`d avoid ____________ it, if I were you”. A)drinking B) to drink 1- Complete these sentences with the appropriate Verb Tense : Future Simple, Future Progressive or Going To. 1- Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure that you -----------------(get) a very good mark. 2- I feel terrible. I think I ------------------ (be) sick. 3- Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We ---------------------- (hold) an important business meeting. 4- You must meet my boyfriend George. I think you ----------------- (like) him. 5- At 10 o’clock tomorrow she --------------------(be) in her office. She -------------------- (type) some letters. 6- There’s no need to take the umbrella with you. It ------------------(not rain). 7- I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I -----------------(sunbathe) on the beach. 8- Sue and I have decided to have a party. We ------------------ (invite) a lot of people. 9- They invited Tom to their wedding. They -------------------- (be) offended if we don’t go. 10- I’ve sent all the invitations to the party, but I don’t think Peter ------------------- (come). 11- A= The phone is ringing. B= I ----------------- (answer) it. 12- A= George phoned while you were out. B= Yes, I know. I ---------------- (phone) him back. 2-Choose the correct alternative : 1. My suitcase is heavy ! Give it to me .... A) I´ll carry it for you. B) I’m going to carry it for you 2- I bought some warm boots because ........ A) I´ll go skiing. B) I’m going to go skiing. 3- A_ ”Tony is back from holidays”. B_” Is he ?” A) I´ll give him a ring. B) I’m going to give him a ring. 4- This time next year ......A)I’m going to be on the beach. B)I´ll be lying on the beach. 5- You can tell me your secret ..... A) I won’t tell anyone else. B) I am not going to tell anyone else. 6- I need to get these letters in the post as soon as possible. A) I´ll do it for you. B) I’m going to do it for you. 7-Tea or coffee ? A) I will be having tea, please. B) I´ll have some tea , please. 8- How old are you Jackie ? A) I’m going to be 18 next Friday. B) I will be 18 next Friday. 9- Oh ! really ?. Are you going to have a party ?. A) I´ll have a meal in a restaurant with my friends. B) I´ll be having a meal in a restaurant with my friends. 10-Did you buy this book ?. No, Nancy did it. A) She will read it this weekend. B)She is going to read it this weekend. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable form of the verb in brackets Dear Sam, I´m sorry I haven´t written to you before but this is the first time in weeks that I´ve managed _________( find) time to sit down and write to you some lines. Do you remember our old friend Sarah from school?. Well, I met her some days ago at the shopping centre and suggested __________ (organise) a reunion party for all the people from our old class at San Patricio. I sounded like a really great idea so I agreed _________(help) her. As there are so many people that we never met again, we decided ________(contact) the tutors at school. They were very nice and offered _________(give) us a list with the names and address of all our classmates. This involved __________(send) emails and (make)_________lots of phone calls. It was really exhausting and sometimes frustrating. We planned_________(meet) at our school sports centre to avoid _________(pay) the costs of renting a place for the meeting. It was a pitty you couldn´t make it. Let me tell you it was a real success. We really enjoyed _________(dance) all the songs we used to listen to in those days. We were all very happy to see each other again after 10 years. Some of us really changed a lot. Guess what!. Tim, the boy we used to love in secret for so many years has put on at least 10 kilos! He didn´t look so sexy. And Becky, the girl we used to call “four eyes”, was the most beautiful. Imagine a tall, blond woman __________(wear)the most fashionable and sexy black dress. Everyone was spellbound when we saw her coming to the dancing area. Everyone asked me about you. We missed you a lot!. We are hoping ________(do) it again next year and I want you __________(promise) to come. Ok? Write soon and tell me about your trip to Egypt Love, Sally PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE PASSIVE  Present simple Mary eats an apple The apple is eaten by Mary Present continuous Mary is eating an apple The apple is being eaten by Mary Past simple Mary ate an apple The apple was eaten by Mary Past continuous Mary was eating an apple The apple was being eaten by M. Present perfect simple Mary has eaten an apple The apple has been eaten by Mary Present perfect cont. Mary has been eating an apple The apple has been being eaten by Past perfect simple Mary had eaten an apple The apple had been eaten by Mary Past perfect cont. Mary had been eating an apple The apple had been being eaten Future (will) Mary will eat an apple The apple will be eaten by Mary Modals Would would be Can can be Could could be Must must be Shall shall be Should should be May may be Might might be  PASSIVE VOICE PRACTICE TURN THESE SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE 1. The police gave me $50 reward. 2. You must not throw empty bottles. 3. He finished his work by eight o’clock. 4. They are collecting money for the poor. 5. They were carrying the chairs out into the garden. 6. His friends have given him a cake for his birthday. 7. Parents will take photographs after the ceremony. 8. You should iron the dress for the party. 9. The headmaster punished me for something I didn’t do. 10. Visitors always admire this picture. 11. She hurt her leg in an accident. 12. We are doing this exercise carefully 13. The scientists had not opened this box for years. 14. Archaeologists have been looking for fossils for years. 15. Kings and Queens used this tower as a prison. 16. The little girl broke two of my dinner plates. 17. Knights fought a big battle here hundreds of years ago. 18. She invites me for lunch every Sunday. 19. People will forget this film in a few years` time. 20. Businessmen speak English all over the world. 21. The farmer has not fed the chicken this morning. 22. All applicants must write the answers on the answer sheet. 23. We use milk for making butter and cheese. 24. The police has found the stolen car in another town. 25. The public must leave coats and hats in the cloakroom. 26. The man is playing the piano far too loud. 27. The directors will discuss this matter tomorrow. 28. Will you finish this book next month?. 29. Someone had spilled some ink on the table. 30. The naughty boy has stolen the child’s books. 31. The men were pushing the table into the corner. 32. The architect is building some new houses in the suburbs. 33. The thieves had broken into my house. 34. The students are taking an important exam. 35. Sue has been taking the dog to the vet for 2 weeks. 36. Green Peace is protecting whales in the North Sea. 37. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that. 38. You can eat Sushi in that restaurant. 39. The woman accused the President of bribery. 40. The secretary has been blackmailing her boss for months. PASSIVE VOICE part II Rewrite these sentences so that the meaning stays the same 1. They opened the restaurant only last month. 2. We have already filled in the vacancy. 3. You must write your essays in ink. 4. The police had kept the man in custody. 5. She is cleaning all the windows in the living room. 6. She opened the envelopes by mistake. They were not hers. 7. He has given the letters to Anne. 8. They are building two new houses in Gladstone. 9. We must break the ice. 10. They will switch on the street lights at 7:30. 11. The cook had made breakfast very early. 12. We didn’t finish the work in time. 13. Cousteau invented aqualung. 14. The primitive tribes did these paintings thousands of years ago. 15. The bank robber shot the police officer. 16. Someone steals the newspaper every morning. 17. We contact all the job applicants before we make any decision. 18. The private eye caught the burglars red handed. 19. Endangered species are protected by ecologists. 20. Both of them were scolded by their mother. 21. We are allowed to speak as long as we are respectful. 22. A beautiful surprise was organised by my best friend. 23. My cat was run over by car. 24. People ate most of the food at the party. 25. They haven’t decided the exact time of the match yet. 26. The customs officer is giving him the receipt for his luggage 27. Last Monday we appointed a new marketing manager. 28. William the Conqueror built this castle in the 11th century. 29. The police arrested the robbers when they left the bank. 30. Pat was riding the winning horse when she fell off. 31. The police was following the suspects. 32. No one has seen Peter since the day of the party. 33. We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday. 34. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving. 35. Cheese is made from milk. 36. The roof was damaged by the storm last year. 37. There’s no need to leave a tip. Service is included in the bill. 38. You have been invited to the wedding. 39. Five hundred people are employed by that factory. 40. Water covers most of the Earth’s surface. 41. Somebody cleans the room everyday. 42. The cancelled the flights because of the fog. 43. People don’t use this road very often. 44. The child accused me of stealing money. 45. People advised us not to go alone. 46. The manager has postponed all the concerts. 47. The pupils are using the computer at the moment. 48. They have built a new hospital near the airport. 49. The postman delivers the mail every morning. 50. The manager must sign the letters before leaving. 51. Someone was making coffee when I walked in. 52. When did someone invent the radio?. 53. The judges judge the work according to its originality. 54. Mr Rivers teaches Spanish in a famous college. 55. This composition was written by Edward. 56. Fishing villages are destroyed by hurricanes every Summer. 57. The reporters are interviewing the President now. 58. Workmen have been repairing this road for a week. 59. Sam took the old man to the hospital. 60. The mechanic will fit a new stereo in my car. 61. The Congress will change the law soon. 62. I must send this jacket to the cleaner’s 63. A handsome boy dated Susan yesterday. 64. Walt Disney created many famous cartoons. 65. A new motorway will be built by the State. 66. The information is kept in the computer. 67. The smuggler was arrested last night. 68. The medicine should be taken after meals. (you) 69. The hotel will have to be sold.(we) 70. The secretary delivers the post twice a day. 71. The workmen were repairing the traffic lights last night. 72. They should reduce taxes.(senators) 73. The Mona Lisa was painted by Da Vinci. 74. Someone will give you the information. 75. Someone sent me a parcel. 76. The car knocked him over in the street. 77. People believe that beings from outer space had visited our planet many times. 78. Sunbathing can cause skin cancer. 79. British people believe that the Queen of England is the richest woman in the world. 80. The airport had been cancelling all flights over the last few days. A)Complete the sentences with the correct tense either Passive or Active 1. Peter’s car ________________ (steal) last night. It __________________ (find) in a back street yesterday, it __________________ (take) to the police headquarters by the neighbours. At 10 o’clock this morning an officer ____________________ (return) the car to him. 2. A man ________________ (hit) by a car on the corner of Baker Street and Malsom Road last night. An ambulance __________________ (take) him to St George’s Hospital where he ___________________(treat) for minor injuries. Later in the night the careless driver ___________________(arrest) by the police. 3. When the ship sank 400 years ago a great treasure _________________ (lose). The location of the ship __________________(discover) a few months ago. Sea divers _________________(bring) the treasure to the surface last month. It _________________ (take) to the National Bank. B) Underline the correct alternative: 1. Gunpowder discover/was discovered in China. 2. Scotch Whisky export/is exported all over the world. 3. Today the Far East competition affects/are affected our shipbuilding companies. 4. Volswagen sedans make/are made in Germany. 5. In the last century men on horseback delivered/were delivered messages from town to town. C) Rewrite these sentences in the active or passive so that the meaning stays the same: 1. The referee has just sent Bernes off the field. _______________________________________________ 2. They opened the palaces to the public in 1993. _______________________________________________ 3. The farmer is planting new seeds in the fields. _______________________________________________ 4. 2.000 acres were destroyed by the flood. _______________________________________________ 5. The Dutch will grow 3.000 million flowers this year. ________________________________________________ 6. Thousands of rotten apples had been brought to the factory by lorry drivers. _______________________________________________________________________ 7. I have to do the washing up every day before going to bed. ________________________________________________________ 8. The markets are going to sell a big amount of cider and champagne this year. CONDITIONALS : ZERO TYPE Use: to talk about eternal truths & facts. To express certainty IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE: If he doesn’t water the plants, they die If you heat water, it boils at 100C PRESENT SIMPLE + IF + PRESENT SIMPLE Plants die if he doesn’t water them Ice melts if you heat it FIRST TYPE Use: to talk about a possible event in the future IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + FUTURE : If it rains, I will go to the cinema. FUTURE + IF + PRESENT SIMPLE: I will take an umbrella if it rains UNLESS: IF NOT IN CASE AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED(THAT): IF AND ONLY IF SECOND TYPE USE: to talk about an unlikely event either in the present or future generally using MIGHT/ MIGHT NOT: If their service were better, more people might go to that restaurant. To talk about a dream, hope, a wish or fantasy: If I could afford it , I would by a BMW To give advice: If I were you , I would practise more for the competition. IF + SIMPLE PAST + WOULD + INFINITIVE VERB : If I knew how, I would help you WOULD + INFINITIVE +VERB + IF + SIMPLE PAST I would help you If I knew how  THIRD TYPE Use: to express regrets about a past action. To describe and speculate about a hypothetical or imaginary past situation and its consequences IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE : If I had seen the accident, I would have told you . WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + IF PAST PERFECT I would have gone to the party, if you had invited me. WISH: uses & form Wish + simple past : to express regrets about a present situation: I WISH I HAD A BIKE. WISH + WOULD: 1. to express a hope that an action or habit will change in a near future: I WISH you WOULDN`T work so much!!!! 2. To express irritation about a present situation: I WISH you WOULDN`T crackle your knuckles WISH + PAST PERFECT: 1 To express regrets about the past: I WISH I HAD TAKEN your advice, but I didn’t and I made a terrible mistake IF ONLY + Simple Past To give emphasis to a strong wish : IF ONLY I HAD my credit card in my wallet!!!, I would be able to buy that wonderful ring!!! CONDITIONALS A) Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses 1. If I could speak Japanese, I (spend)__________________ nest year studying in Japan. 2. If I had Known Mr Jung was in the hospital, I (send)_______________ him a note and some flowers. 3. We will move to our new house next month if (complete) _________________________by then. 4. How old (be you) _______________ now if you (be) ________________ born in the 1900? . 5. It's too bad that it is snowing. If it (not snow) ____________________ we could go far to drive. 6. I'm broke now, but I (have) _________________ plenty of money now if I _______________ (not spend) so much yesterday 7. If you (asleep not ) _______________________ last night when we arrived, I would have asked you to go with us, but I didn't want to wake you up. 8. Bill has such a bad memory that he (forget) ________________ his head if it (not be) ____________ attached to his body. 9. If the teacher (be ) __________ absent tomorrow, the class (cancel)________________. 10. If I have enough apples, I (bake) ________________ an apple pie this afternoon. 11. If I had enough apples, I (bake) ______________ an apple pie this afternoon. 12. If I had had enough apples I (bake) ____________________ an apple pie. 13. I would fix your bike if I (have) -______________ a screwdriver of a proper size. 14. If I (have) _____________ enough money, I will go with. 15. If I (have) _____________ enough money, I would go with you. 16. If I (have) _____________ enough money, I would have gone with you. 17. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go) _______________ to the zoo. 18. If the weather were nice today, we (go) ______________ to the zoo. 19. If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) ___________________ to the zoo. 20. Fred failed the test yesterday because he didn't study. However, if he (study) ________________ for the test, he (pass) _________________ it. B) Complete the sentences 1. If it hadn't rained, __________________________________________________________. 2. If it weren't raining, ________________________________________________________. 3. You would have passed the exam ____________________________________________. 4. It's a good thing that we took a map with us. Otherwise ________________________________________. 5. Without electricity, modern life ______________________________________________. 6. If you need any help, _______________________________________________________. 7. Without your help yesterday, ________________________________________________. 8. If I were at home right now, _________________________________________________. 9. If I were ___________________________________________________________________. 10. What would you do _________________________________________________________. 11. If I had the chance to live my life over again ___________________________________________________. 12. If I had known _____________________________________________________________. 13. Can you imagine what life would be like if ____________________________________________________. 14. If I don't eat breakfast _______________________________________________________. 15. Water freezes if ____________________________________________________________. 16. Water boils ________________________________________________________________. 17. If my mother gets to know that ______________________________________________. 18. If Sally ___________________________________________________________________. 19. We won't _________________________________________________________________. 20. They Can't _________________________________________________________________. C) Complete the sentences with: UNLESS, IN CASE, PROVIDING/PROVIDED THAT/ONLY IF, OTHERWISE/ OR ELSE 1. The picnic will be cancelled _____________ it rains. 2. _______________ you pay attention in class you won't have doubts. 3. I`ll be in my uncle's house _____________ you need me. 4. We'll go swimming tomorrow, ______________ it is cold. 5. You can't get a driving license _______________ you are 18. 6. You'd better hurry, _______________ we'll be late. 7. You can't travel abroad _______________ you have a passport. 8. I'm going to call my mom _______________ she'll star worrying about me. 9. You will be admitted to the university________________ you qualify in your exams. 10. I have my umbrella with me just _________________ it starts to rain. 11. She will come to the meeting _________________ someone can give her a lift. 12. I'm sorry, you can't see the doctor __________ you make an appointment. 13. I`d better start studying hard _____________ I won't be able to pass the exams. 14. I always try to arrive 15 minutes before the bell rings_______________ I can't get my things ready Reported Speech DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMP. PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONT PRESENT PERF. SIMP. PAST PERFECT SIMP. PRESENT PERF. CONT. PAST PERFECT CONT PAST PERFECT. SIMP. PAST PERFECT SIMP. PAST PERFECT CONT. PAST PERFECT CONT. FUTURE SIMP.(WILL) WOULD A) REPORTED SPEECH: 1) complete these sentences using the correct form of SAY or TELL 1- Brendam ______ Mrs Thorne that he liked sports. 2- Did she _______ what she wanted?. 3- Are you ________ me the truth?. 4- I’ve _______ you everything I know. 5- He ________ he wouldn’t be late. 6- Could you _________ me the way to the station? 7- She _______ she could speak German and Italian. 2) Put these statements into Reported Speech: 1- “Mick is in the office”. Tina told me. 2- “We are very hungry”, they said. 3- “I don’t really want to play tennis”, Danny told Nick 4- “Michelle is working in her room”, Mrs Blackmore said. 5- “ken has gone to the cinema”, Mick told Bill. 6- “I can’t drive”, Peter said. 7- “I`ll see you later”, Larry told May. 3) Put these questions into the Reported Speech: 1- “How old are you?”, Mrs Peterson asked Jack 2- “Do you like spaghetti?”, Maria asked me. 3- “Where do you come from?”, the woman asked the boy. 4- “Did you see the film on TV?”, May asked Joe. 5- “Have you ever been to the USA?”, the man asked Sue. 6- “What are you doing?” the policeman asked the man. 7- “When are you going back to Ireland?”, I asked Ian. 8- “Can you help me?” the woman asked Nicky. D) Rewrite these sentences using Reported Speech. 1- “I don’t like classical music” Chris said ________________________________________________ 2- “Are you doing anything at the weekend?” Mary asked Larry __________________________________________ 3- “Ill phone you later”. Nick told _________________________________________________ 4- “They learn English at New Way”. Mom said _________________________________________________ 5- “Do you always wear black clothes for parties?” My friend wanted to know ____________________________________ 6- “I can´t come to your party next week”. She told ___________________________________________________ REWRITE EACH OF THESE SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH 1 The prisoner said: “I have nothing to hide. I’m telling the truth.” ____________________________________________________________________ 2 John told his teacher: “I’ve lost my homework”. ____________________________________________________________________ 3 They said: “We’ll sit for the exam next week.” _____________________________________________________________________ 4 The host said: “Who wants something to eat?.” ______________________________________________________________________ 5 Mum asked: “Didn’t you hear the bell?.” _____________________________________________________________________ 6 Jane said: “Don’t wait for me if I’m late.” ______________________________________________________________________ 7 The doctor said: “Stay in bed for a few days more.” ______________________________________________________________________ 8 He asked me : “What do you do for a living?.” ______________________________________________________________________ 9 Tom said: “I’m not feeling well. I think I’ve caught a cold.” ______________________________________________________________________ 10 The secretary said: “John has given up his job.” ______________________________________________________________________ B)CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB FROM THE BOX AND REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH. Tell Say Offer Refuse Want to know Agree Explain Beg Ask Warn Suggest Complain Wonder Order 1 The teacher: “Why are you so untidy??” __________________________________________________________ 2 Mum: “If you don’t tidy up all this mess you’ll be in a punishment.” __________________________________________________________ 3 Paul: “Let me help you with this heavy bag.” __________________________________________________________ 4 Sue: “Good bye mum”. ___________________________________________________________ 5 Dad: “Don’t play in my bed!!.” ___________________________________________________________ 6 Sam: “Ken, I’ve bought this T-shirt .” ___________________________________________________________ 7 A stranger: “Excuse me, can you tell me the time?.” ___________________________________________________________ 8 Emma: “What are you going to do tonight?.” ____________________________________________________________ 9 Peter: “Let’s go dancing on Friday.” ____________________________________________________________ 10 Sarah: “OK, OK, I`ll lend you my new dress.” ___________________________________________________________ 11 A worker: “I can’t stand this job any more, it’s too demanding.” ____________________________________________________________ 12Kevin: “No, no way, I won’t do it again!!.” ____________________________________________________________ 10 Paul: “ Please mum, it’s “the party of the year”. Please let me go!!”. _____________________________________________________________ 11 Teacher: “Smoking is bad for your health. It can cause heart diseases.” ______________________________________________________________ A) Report the following sentences: 1- “ I have climbed high mountains all over the world”. Peter ______________________________________ 2-“ Ben, when did you play your first t.v. role?”. The reporter ________________________________ 3 “ You, ken, go out immediately!!”. Mrs May ___________________________________ 4-“I`m sorry but I won’t be able to go now”. Sarah ______________________________________ 5-“ When is your birthday?”. The girl _____________________________________ 6-“As a child I played football and I also took part on relay races.” The artist ____________________________________ 7-“Mary!!, don’t speak to me like that again!!.” Mum________________________________________ 8-“You can’t get a driving licence if you are under 18”. The police officer_______________________________ 9-“Take out a sheet of paper and write down TEST”. The headmaster ________________________________ 10-“I have been shopping all the morning”. The woman ____________________________________ B) Rewrite these sentences using the reporting verbs in the box below: Suggest Offer Invite Refuse Beg Thank Advise Greet Explain Agree Complain Insist Reply Ask Say Tell Order Wonder Warn 1-Tom: “Please, please Sue, help me with this exercise. Come on say you will”. ______________________________________________________________ 2-Sue: O K Tom, O K I`ll help you”. ______________________________________________________________ 3-“No!, I’m not going to listen to your explanations again!!”. The Tutor ______________________________________________________ 4-“You look terrible Carol. Why don’t you see a doctor?”. Flora __________________________________________________________ 5-“If you don’t have a balanced and healthy diet you can be sick. Do you understand me now?”. The doctor ______________________________________________________ 6-“Oh!. Thank you for those lovely roses!!” _______________________________________________________________ 7-“Why don’t we go for a walk?”. _______________________________________________________________ 8-“I`ll drive you to the airport so that you can arrive on time. OK?” _______________________________________________________________ 9-“Oh, My God!!!. What do I have to do with you??”. Mum __________________________________________________________ 10-“Be careful!. Don’t spill that milkshake on the carpet!!”. Aunt Polly ______________________________________________________ 11-“Would you like to go to the PROM party with me?”. _______________________________________________________________ 12-“Jenny, your mother called you a minute ago”. The landlady ____________________________________________________ 13-“Kate is my fiancé”. Bob ___________________________________________________________ 14-“Come on Sam, I know you can work it out. Come on just try again. Come on I’m sure you’ll be able to solve this problem on your own.” The teacher ____________________________________________________ REPORTED SPEECH : 1- “Where are you going ?” Tom asked----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2- “Where did you spend your holidays ?” Mike asked---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3- “What will you do when you leave school ?” Jennifer asked--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-“How did you know my name ?” The nurse wanted to know------------------------------------------------------- 5- “Do you have an appointment ?” The clerk asked ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6- “Have you seen my car keys ?”. John asked his wife. John wondered --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7- “Why didn’t Isabel phone me ?”. Isabel`s boyfriend wanted to know--------------------------------------------- 8- “Let me help you. I will carry the bag for you”. Richard offered himself ----------------------------------------------------------------- 9- “When can I see the doctor ?”. Charles asked ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10- “Don’t play there !”. She told ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11- “I’m leaving now !”. She said ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12- “Is this book yours ?”. She inquired -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-“what time is it ?”. She wanted to know -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14- “Be quiet and sit down !”. The teacher ordered----------------------------------------------------------------------- 15- “Do you smoke ?”. She asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16- “People smoke too much these days !” Mum says --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17- “Will you go to the meeting if he does ?”. He inquired -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18- “I’m sorry I can’t solve this problem”. He said -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19- “Be careful !”. Her mother said. Her mother warned ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20- “Why don’t we go out ?”. He suggested ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21- “Paul, I’ve bought a new pair of jeans”. Kerry told -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22- “I will help you”. My friend offered ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23- “O.K. I think I will do it”. Tim agreed ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24- “Let’s go to the park”. She suggested ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25- “No !. I’m not going !”. He refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26- “Smoking is bad for your help”. The teacher explained ------------------------------------------------------------------- 27- “I don’t want to go”. He answered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28- “Stay in bed for a few weeks”. The doctor advised ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- VOCABULARY PRACTICE Choose the correct alternative:  1. Bill thinks tennis is boring/bored 2. What on earth are those kids doing now/actually. 3. My father’s gone on a voyage/trip to Paris, but he’ll be back soon. 4. I can’t believe a word he says, he has told/said so many lies to me . 5. Looking after small children is hard job/work. 6. As the captain you will be responsible of/for making sure everyone in the team gives his best. 7. I lent you so much money and you have never paid/borrowed it back to me. 8. Johnny and Sally split up a couple of months ago but he still can’t get over/back it. 9. A friend of mine had a nervous breakdown because he worked enough/too hard. 10.Because of a bad harvest in South America, the value /price/prize of coffee has gone up. 11. You are spending/ wasting your time, she won’t listen to you. 12. Last Christmas my brother and I found the place where our Mom hid the presents so we glanced/peered through the presents and knew what she had bought us. 13. Mary was running in the park when suddenly she slipped /stumbled/sprinted with a piece of log and fell flat on the face. 14. It is rude to whisper / swallow / stutter when there are other people in the room. 15. If you mumble /chew /quench like that, nobody will understand a word you say. 16. Isabel had so /such a good humour last night. Everybody enjoyed the party. 17. It is usually better to try to prevent / avoid with people who have very strong opinions about everything. 18. My brother won’t allow / let me borrow his CDs for the party. 19. All the students passed/ approved the F.C.E exam last year. 20. Can you make / do me a favour?. I forgot to make /do my homework. Can I have a look at yours? 21. Women shouldn’t take / put up with violent men. They usually threaten/bribe /warn to do horrible things to them if they ever tell anyone about their behaviour. 22. I told you it was going to rain, I told you to take an umbrella. You should listen / have listened to me. 23. The naughty boy was spanked / scolded /grounded for slipping /dropping /running out of school. Unfortunately one of his teachers saw him in the shopping mall. 24. My little brother is so spoilt /mischievous/awkward that he always gets away with everything he wants. 25. The other day I bumped into /made out / set off a friend who was supposed to get married next month but she told me that she and her fiancée had turned down / split up / got down a week ago. VOCABULARY: Fill in the gaps with a word from the box Gates- customs – lounge – pay – takes off – arrival – delayed – destination – fasten Miss – duty free – detector – conveyor belt – passport – book – boarding card – hand in – trolley – luggage – hand luggage – flight - runway - check in – baggage claim Board – compartment – cancelled- bad weather- 1- When you decide to go on holidays you should call your travel agent to help you decide your ________ and ________ a ticket. 2- The first thing you have to do as soon as you arrive at the airport is to _______at the reception desk . They will weigh your _________ and give you a ____________. 3- Then you must go to the departure _________ and wait for your ___________ until it is announced to be ready to be boarded. 4- After that you will go through _________ and show your ___________. Your _______ luggage will be x-rayed and you will walk through the metal _________. 5- Once you __________ the plane, you should put your hand luggage in the __________ above your seat. While the plane gets ready to taxi through the _______ remember to _________ your seatbelt. 6- Now when the plane lands at your destination, the first thing you should do is to look for your luggage on the _____________. If you cannot find it there, you should go to the _____________ desk and tell the assistant that your suitcases are missing. They will solve this problem as soon as possible. Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs in the correct tense Look in look up look into look after look forward to get away Check in get held up set off turn up take off break down 1- I felt very happy this morning when some friends ________________ without calling me before. 2- We arrived at the hotel at 2 am , we ____________ and went straight to bed. 3- When doing my English homework I didn’t know the meaning of many words so I _________them ______ in the dictionary. 4- Last weekend we went on an excursion to Horco Molle. We _________ at 8am. 5- Scientists are still _________ the possibility of cloning organs for transplants. 6- We were supposed to start the meeting on time but the headmaster ___________in a traffic jam. 7- Everybody was very nervous, specially the bridegroom, but the bride ___________on time to the chapel. 8- The plane couldn`t ____________ because of the thick mist and the flight was cancelled. 9- After reading the article published in the newspaper about malnutrition in Tucumàn, Tinelli decided to _________ the children in Villa Quinteros. 10- It was a very hard week , so my husband and I decided to _______________ for the weekend. 11- Everybody in Argentina is _______________watching the finals of the World Cup. My friends and I decided to watch the match at home, everything was ready, we sat down , turned the tv on , watched the opening ceremony, and just when the match was about to start, the tv set ___________ VOCABULARY: A)Choose the correct word 1- Enjoy your travel / trip ! I´ll see you next week. 2- Peter has to take his medicine an hour before every meal / dish. 3- I´d like a return / back ticket to London, please. 4- Mom didn’t have time to cook so she phoned a fast food / takeaway. 5- If you don’t hurry, we’ll miss / lose the coach. 6- After eating our starter, we ordered the main dessert / course. 7- I always buy fresh food because I don’t like iced / frozen food. 8- We travelled down the river / stream by boat. 9- We generally have lunch in the same restaurant every Sunday, and before leaving we give a bill / tip to the waitress. 10- When travelling abroad, passengers are asked to go through duty free shop / customs before entering to a foreign country. 11- Before boarding the plane, passengers should wait at the departure lounge / check in desk. 12- The customs officer asked me to leave my suitcase on the conveyor belt / aisle so that he could x- ray it. 13- Before taking off / flying away passengers should fasten their seatbelts. 14- The cooker / cook put the pudding in the oven. 15- The other day the police caught the arson/ burglar breaking into a house. 16- The trial has just finished and everybody is waiting for the jury / judge to pass the sentence. 17- Some weeks ago a couple was caught red-handed when they were blackmailing /smuggling foreign goods into the country. 18- At this moment the police is interviewing / questioning the criminal. 19- Nowadays there is a huge problem in our congress as some senators and other members of the government are accused of bribery /speeding. 20- Last night a man tried to kidnap a little girl who was playing with some friends on the street. Fortunately there were some partners in crime / witnesses who helped the detective and made a quick identikit. The kidnapper was later found some blocks near the neighborhood while he was planning another felony. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH ONE OF THE WORDS BELOW: Tips fatty appointment lawyer prescription chance capital punishment Coroner recipes healthy examines gamblers ingredients betting Date chance stalls proposed travel fell trip accommodation Board wedding ticket delayed honey moon luggage going out Boarding flight 1- If you want legal advice, you go to a 1_____________. 2- In some countries murderers are executed but others have abolished the 2_____________________ 3- A 3 ____________ is the doctor who practises an autopsy to a dead body. 4- I am a terrible cook, I’ve got many 4 ____________ but it’s no use. I make sure I have got all the 5 ___________ and follow all the instructions, the result is terrible. 5- Take away facilities sell 6 _________ food. Nowadays, people are always in a rush, they don’t have a 7 _____________ diet. 6- Three course restaurants are generally quite expensive. The service is often very good and customers usually leave good 8 _____________. 7- When I go to see my doctor I have to make an 9 _______________ because he is always very busy. He usually asks me what is wrong with me. I tell him my symptoms, so he 10 _____________ me and gives me a 11 ________________. 8- Some people are compulsive 12 __________ this means they can’t stop 13 __________ on horses or playing games of 14 ____________. 9- Market places are always very crowded because they offer a great variety of goods. People love having a look at all the 15 ___________ before buying something. Generally 16 __________ are cheaper than in traditional shops. 10- One evening Joe 17 ____________ to Jane. Even though he was very nervous, she accepted his proposal. The have been 18 ____________ for more than a year, and they love each other very much. Their 19 __________ will be in six months. They will spend their 20 _____________ somewhere in Mexico. They have a lot of things to do, but they still remember their first 21 ___________ , the night when they 22____________ in love. 11- It is good to take some time off and go on a 23 ___________. When you have made up your mind, it is advisable to see a 24 ________ agent and see all the sorts of 25____________that are available at your destination. 12- People say that air transport is the safest means. At the airport, you must show your 26___________ at the check in desk. He will weight your 27 ______________ and give you a 28 ____________ card. You will wait for your 29 __________ at the departure lounge. Sometimes flight are 30 ___________, so you will have to wait until you can 31_________ the plane. Complete these sentences with one of the words in the box Questioned court caught judge kidnapper guilty shoplifter evidence burglary witnesses jury police prison Criminal kidnapped victim stealing lawyer case blackmailing 1. The other day the ___________ arrested a ___________ in a shop. He was _________ some things when the guards ___________ him red-handed. 2. The ___________ was tried in __________.he was accused of ____________- as he broke into a house and stole some valuable objects. The ___________ was found in his own house and the __________ questioned him at the stand. He was found ____________ by the ___________ and the __________ passed sentence. He was sent to ___________ for a period of three years. 3. A ____________ was found in an old farmhouse in the suburbs. Some ____________ called the police as soon as they discovered that a little girl was being kept against her will. The young girl had been _____________ by her nanny and she demanded some money as a reward. The woman has been _____________ the girl's parents for two days. The parents didn't call the police because they were afraid. The ______________ had taken the girl from her house one afternoon when the parents were not at home .she hid the girl in that old house far away from the city, but fortunately her plans did not work out.  This afternoon the girl and the witnesses are going to be ____________ by the detective that is investigating the ____________. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE MOST SUITABLE WORD. THERE ARE MORE WORDS THAN THE ONES YOU NEED SURROGATE IMPLANT EGG TISSUE CONCEPTION LEFT OVER INVITRO FERTILIZATION LIBERTARIANS PURITANS EMBRYOS RENEGADE EWE TRANSPLANT DUPLICATE CELL NEWBORN OFFSPRING TRIALS NUCLEOUS EMBRYONIC STEM CELL FUSE ELECTRICAL CURRENT AILMENTS NARCISSIST TRAITS MANIPULATION GRIEVING GUINEA PIG GESTATION WOMB SIX DAYS OLD SELF REPAIR KIT PREGNANCY 1. A ____________ who supports cloning might think “I can thumb my nose at Mr. Death and say you might get me but you are not going to get all of me”. 2. Catholics think that the soul enters the body the moment of _________________ so cloning would be interfering with God’s work. 3. On the other hand ________________ believe individuals should be free to make their on decisions so cloning allows people to hedge their bet when speaking of human reproduction. 4. Ian Wilmut, the scientist who cloned Dolly, says that his aim was to try to help farmers to produce genetically improved sheep. But now he fears this genetic _______________ will go with us too. 5. Wilmut admits that creating the ___________, (Dolly) took 277 tries, so when thinking of the number of _______________ and error that human cloning would involve is horrifying. 6. ______________ was illegal in the US 20 years ago and the idea of a heart _____________ was once terrifying. _____________ scientists hope that public opinion on cloning will evolve in the same way as the issues mentioned before. 7. In order to clone a mammal, scientists take a donor ________, suck out the __________, hence the DNA and __________ it with for example a skin ___________ from the animal being copied and then with the help of _________________ the reconstituted cell should begin splitting to make tissues which will develop into organs and then into systems that will result in a _______________. 8. Wilmut states that the risks involved in animal cloning is great. The failure rats is overwhelming : 98% of the ______________ never ___________or die off during the 9 months of _________________ 9. Unlike scientists, Raelians have the means to clone and the technology but what is more important , they don’t find it difficult to recruit _______________ mothers. 10. Another “by product” that was created after cloning was discovered is the ______________________ technique. Scientist follow the same procedure as with cloning but wait until the embryo is ______________ . It is at this stage when the cells can turn into any kind of ____________ in order to create any organ in the body. 11. Scientists believe that the discovery mentioned above could serve as the body´s _______________________ that could provide the cure for Diabetes, Cancer , Parkinson and many others. But the worse part is that the main source for this technique is __________ embryos from IVF clinics. VOCABULARY : MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Bill thinks tennis is boring/bored 2. What on earth are those kids doing now/actually. 3. My father’s gone on a voyage/trip to Paris, but he’ll be back soon. 4. I borrowed/lent you so much money and you have never paid/borrowed it back to me. 5. Johnny and Sally split up a couple of months ago but he still can’t get over/back it. 6. A friend of mine had a nervous breakdown because he worked enough/too hard. 7.Because of a bad harvest in South America, the value /price/prize of coffee has gone up. 8. You are spending/ wasting your time, she won’t listen to you. 9. Last Christmas my brother and I found the place where our Mom hid the presents so we glanced/peered through the presents and knew what she had bought us. 10. Mary was running in the park when suddenly she slipped /stumbled/sprinted with a piece of log and fell flat on the face. 11. It is rude to whisper / swallow / stutter when there are other people in the room. 12. My brother won’t allow / let me borrow his CDs for the party. 13. All the students passed/ approved the F.C.E exam last year. 14. Women shouldn’t take / put up with violent men. They usually threaten/bribe /warn to do horrible things to them if they ever tell anyone about their behaviour. 15. I told you it was going to rain, I told you to take an umbrella. You should listen / have listened to me. 16. The naughty boy was spanked / scolded /grounded for slipping /dropping /running out of school. Unfortunately one of his teachers saw him in the shopping mall. 17. My little brother is so spoilt /mischievous/awkward that he always gets away with everything he wants. 18. The other day I bumped into /made out / set off a friend who was supposed to get married next month but she told me that she and her fiancée had turned down / split up / got down a week ago. Sports - Equipment Sports - People gall Athlete football badminton player hockey ball basketball player golf ball Boxer bat Cyclist cue Diver golf club footballer /football player hockey stick Golfer ice-skates Gymnast racing car hockey player racket Jockey saddle ice-skater sailboard racing driver skis Rider shuttle cock rugby player surfboard Skater Sports - Places Skier snooker player Track link stadium squash player Court field Surfer Course rink Swimmer Gym arena tennis player Pitch ring volleyball player weight-lifter Sports - Names of Sports football (play) golf (play) hockey (play) athletics (do) boxing gymnastics (do) Cycling basketball horse-racing Diving badmington ice-skating riding motor-racing game rugby (play) skiing goal snooker (play) kit squash (play) match Surfing tennis (play) medal swimming net volleyball (play) professional Weightlifting windsurfing Race run sprint record Referee umpire linesman judge Sports - Related Words skill amateur spectators ace team basket whistle captain cup box Ride fly glide Catch drop jump score (a point / a goal) Cycle ski slide Serve shoot Dive swim surf Scream cheer shout support Draw tie Hit tackle punch knock Kick train Sports- Adventure Lose defeat Win skydiving scuba diving Miss surfing Pass save spot rock climbing Sports - Verbs practise snow skiing Beat throw smash water skiing snowboarding mountain biking mountaineering cave exploration storm chasing hang gliding bungee jumping extreme adrenaline VOCABULARY: HEALTH AND ILLNES exiting Receipt Prescription Surgery Ward Pharmacy Cure Fever Temperature Injections Pain Sore Hurt Bruised Low fat diet Medical services Disease Phrasal Verb Definition Example tell * off + criticize a person severely, Carolina told me off when she found out I was gossiping reprimand (inf.) about her date with Martin. tell against + To do something against someone tell apart + To differentiate tell on + report a crime to the police or Every time I did something wrong when I was a child, my bad behavior to a parent sister would tell on me. put away put things tidily in their place It is time to put the toys away. put back return to original location Please put these books back on the shelf. put down to attribute to We put his bad temper down to fatigue and work stress. put off postpone We cannot put off the meeting again. put on 1) dress oneself in, I put on my old clothes for the journey. put clothes on 2) gain, increase Has she put any weight on? 3) switch on Put the light on, please. put out 1) place outside, expel, Have you put out the cat? drive out 2) extend, hold out He put out his hand for me to shake. 3) begin a voyage, set sail Their tiny vessel put out to sea. 4) extinguish The six firemen soon put out the fire. 5) switch off Put out the lamp now, please. 6) annoy (usually used I was put out by his aggressive attitude to me. in the passive) 7) inconvenience, trouble He said he did not want to put us out by accepting our dinner.  8) dislocate I must have put my shoulder out while I was playing tennis. 9) publish Dr. Wise has just put out a book on education. put through 1) carry out The new plan has been put through successfully. 2) connect by telephone Please, put me through to Extension 106. (usually separated) 1) raise, hold up Please help me to put this ladder up. put up 2) raise (prices) Bread has been put up to 4 dollars a kilo. 3) pack away, put aside, We decided to put the deck chairs up for this winter. lay away 4) build, erect I've put a shed up at the end of my garden. 5) provide lodging and food We can put you up for the weekend. 6) lodge We put up for the night at Werton Lodge. 7) propose for election, The party put up Mr. Reno as their candidate. nominate 8) offer for sale by auction Three valuable pictures were put up for tomorrow's auction. Mariana's father put up the money for her dental clinic. 9) provide for a business purpose 10) offer a prayer The priest put up a prayer for safety in Spain. put up to instigate, urge to do wrong She put me up to playing a trick on the teacher. (usually separated) put up with endure, tolerate, suffer When he lived in Buenos Aires and Santiago he had to put up with crowded buses. Phrasal verbs TURN  Turn (sb) out: to force someone to leave a place  Turn (sth) out: 1-to produce or make something. 2- well/beautifully/badly turned out: to be dressed in good bad etc clothes  Turn over: 1-(turn sb over to) to bring a criminal to the police. 2-(turn sth over to) to give someone the right to own or the responsibility for something such as a plan, business, etc. 3-  turn over sth: if the business takes over a particular amount of money it makes that amount in a particular period of time.  Turn to: 1- turn to sb/sth: to try to get help, advice from someone or by doing something. 2- turn to sth: to look at a particular page in a book  Turn up: 1- turn sth up: to make a machine such as an oven, radio etc, produce more heat, sound, etc. 2- to suddenly appear after having been lost or searched for. 3- to arrive at a place.  Turn upon sb: to suddenly attack someone or treat them badly, using fisical violence or unpleasant words.  Turn against: to decide that you do not like someone or agree with something any more  Turn round: to complete the process ok making a product or providing a service  Turn away: to refuse to let someone into a place.  Turn back: to go in the opposite direction  Turn in: to give something back to the person that owns it.  Turn into: to become something different, or make someone or something do this.  Turn off: make a machine stop working. CUT  cut across: to go across an area of land instead of going around it, in order to save time  cut away: to remove the unwanted or unnecessary parts from something.  Cut back: to reduce the numbers of something, or the time or money that is spent on something.  Cut down: to reduce the amount of something.  Cut in: to interrupt someone who is speaking by saying something  Cut off: to separate something by cutting it from the main part. 2- to stop the supply of something such as electricity, gas, etc.  Cut out: stop doing something.2- to cut something into small pieces.   : Use the word in bold to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use between 2 and 5 words. 1. The oral exam wasn’t as hard as I had expected. Than The oral exam ___________________________________ I had expected. 2. Ripe tomatoes were often thrown at actors in Shakespeare’s time. throw People _____________________________________ ripe tomatoes at actors in Shakespeare’s time. 3. Molly moved to Mendoza a year ago. for Molly has ________________________________ a year. 4. I can’t afford to go on holidays with my friends this Summer. too Going on holidays with my friends _______________________ me. 5. Chewing gum in class is totally forbidden. chew Students ____________________________ gum in class. 6. I don’t know for sure how deep this lake is. the I am not certain _______________________ of this lake. 7. In the end the shoplifter said he had stolen the T-shirt. admitted In the end the shoplifter _____________________________ the T-shirt. 8. “Who were you talking to?” I asked Jane. been I asked Jane _______________________________ to. 9. I am sure someone saw what happened. must Somebody ___________________________________ what happened. 10. Peter was too nervous to say anything. that Peter was ___________________________ not say anything. 11. Tom went to the supermarket with the baby. We are still waiting for him. Has Tom___________________________ and hasn’t arrived yet. 12. Susan is scared of spiders. Whenever she sees one she runs away. From Whenever Susan sees a spider she ___________________________________ it. 13. Paul has to learn to solve his problems instead of avoiding them. Up Paul should_______________________________ instead of avoiding them. 14. Bandana has become a very popular group in the last few months. Into Bandana _________________________ successful pop group. 15. Scientists are still investigating the possibility of human cloning. Into Scientists are______________________________ of cloning a human being. 16. When Peter was looking for his keys he found a gold ring. across When looking for his wallet, _______________________________ ring. 17. Human cloning is a controversial thing as it can cause unknown consequences. About Cloning a human baby _________________________________ results. 18. If you travel abroad you should show your passport to the customs officer. In You should ______________________________ at customs, if you travel abroad. 19. Mike is reading such an interesting book about Egypt! So Mike’s book ________________________________ interesting! 20. I can’t stand insects. For example spiders and cockroaches are terrifying for me. As I can’t stand________________________________ and cockroaches. 21. I´m afraid Ill have to give these shoes back. They are not big enough too I’m afraid Ill have to give back these shoes______________________________ for me. 22- my parents went to Europe 10 years ago. Have My _________________________________________ Europe. 23. “I haven’t touched anything!!!”, the shoplifter said. denied The shoplifter ________________________ anything. 24. We needed three table lamps but I only succeeded in finding two. managed We needed three table lamps but I ____________________________ two. 25. It wasn’t necessary to pay for the goods immediately but we did it anyway. have We __________________________________for the goods. 26. You are too young to drive. old You ____________________________ to drive. 27. He saw many temples during his trip to India. while He saw many temples ___________________________ India. 28. Their flight was 10 hours long, so they were exhausted when they arrived. for They __________________________________ 10 hours, so they were exhausted when they arrived. 29. I am sure they have been working on the project all night long. Must They ______________________________ on the project all night long. 30. It is possible that aliens are watching us now. be Aliens ___________________________now. 31. My parents don’t allow me to spend the night at the school lock-out. let My parents ________________________ the night in the school lock-out. 32. It took us ages to get to the station. time We _________________________________trying to get to the station. 33. “What time did the plane to Greece leave gate 13?” flight The man wanted to know what time the____________________________ gate 13. 34. I wonder how long the river Nile is. about I am not sure _________________________ the river Nile. 35. There was a time when Sally was terrified of spiders, but now she works with them in the lab. to Sally ___________________________________________spiders but now she works with them in the lab. 36. We decided to meet some friends at the local disco but we got stuck in a traffic jam so we arrived too late and they were gone. already We decided to meet some friends at the local disco but couldn’t arrive on time. By the time we ________________________________left. 37. “Do you think that Superman is a better film than Spiderman?” He asked me_____________________________ 38. “What are you going to do when you finish school?” The man wanted to know_________________________ 39-There was a time when I went dancing every Saturday night. I________________________________________ 40- There is no other hotel in Tucuman better that Catalina´s Park Catalina´s Park_______________________________. 41- Both Jane and Tim are intelligent kids. Tim ________________________________________. 42- You can only come into this disco if you are over 18. Unless______________________________________. 43- The judges have chosen six finalists. Six finalists __________________________________. 44- The service repaired my computer while I was away. I__________________________________________. 45- I went out every night last week, that´s why I am so tired. If I _________________________________________. 46- I can´t help him unless he tells me what is going on. If he ________________________________________. 47-I`ll let you borrow my new car as long as you are careful with it. Provided that __________________________________________ 48-“You shouldn’t eat so much meat”. The doctor advised ______________________________________ 3-Don`t go to the party and I won’t go either. As long as _____________________________________________too. 49-“I won’t be late.” She said. She promised that ________________________________________ 50-If the weather doesn’t get better, we won’t be able to arrive on time. Unless __________________________________________________ 51-“Let`s go to an Indian restaurant”, John said. John suggested ___________________________________________ 52-“ OK we’ll meet at 10.30”, they said. They agreed _____________________________________________ 53- “Jack, I’ve decided to buy a Fiat.” Ben said. Ben told ________________________________________________ 54-Do as I say and everything will be all right. As long as ________________________________________________ 55-“How did you get the money?.” Mum asked. Mum wanted to know _____________________________________ 56-It is impossible to travel abroad without a passport. Unless ______________________________________ 57-Martin failed his driving test because he was too nervous. He wouldn’t ______________________________________ 58-“Where do you live?”, the secretary asked The secretary asked_________________________________ 59-Sam doesn’t speak English clearly so nobody can understand him. If he ___________________________________________________ 60- Someone knocked me over in the street. I _________________________________________________ 61-“Was the house built in the seventeenth century?”, Pete asked the guide. Pete asked the tour guide_______________________________ 62- Senators are going to change this old law soon. This old law _________________________________________ 63- Sara is waiting for her scholarship in order to go to Harvard. Provided that _________________________________________ 64- The tutor won’t allow him in class, if he doesn’t apologize to his teacher. As long as ___________________________________________ 65- “I’ve been waiting for you for an hour!”, Mary said to Tom. Mary told____________________________________________ 66- Mike is very unfit because he never works out. If he ___________________________________________ 67- We keep all the information in a computer. All the information ___________________________________ 68- A new motorway has been built by the government. The government ______________________________________ 69- “I will study harder next term”, said Sam. Sam said ____________________________________________ 70- Your brother left the back door open so some burglars broke into your house. If he _____________________________________________________ 71- The mail was being delivered this morning when I left home. The postman _______________________________________________ 72- “You must lose weight.”, the doctor said. The doctor told the woman that___________________________________ 73- “I’m going on a strict diet and I took up tennis yesterday”, the woman answered. The woman told her doctor__________________________________________ 74- You can come yourself if you promise not to make a nuisance of yourself. ......provided.... 75-If the president is defeated, there will have to be a new election. Should.... 76- If you explained him the situation, I’m sure he would understand. Were.... 77- If you gave up your job, how would you live ? Supposing.... 78- Assuming there are no problems, the shuttle will take off on Friday. Unless..... 79-If you don’t plant the seeds now, the plants will never grow in time for summer. ........otherwise..... 80- The result was never in doubt. At no time... 81- I have never heard such a terrible lecture. Never... 82- You can’t see such large forests anywhere. Nowhere else.... 83- He didn’t realise the extent of the damage until he saw it in daylight Not until*...... 84- I can only relax after I have had a bath. Only after*.... 85- I was not only tired, I was also hungry. .Not only.... 86- Almost as soon as I got into the house, the telephone rang. No sooner...................................................than............................... 87- The sun rose and almost immediately it began to rain. Hardly................................................when/before....................... 88- A public figure has seldom been more completely humiliated. Seldom..... 89- He little realised that she had heard every word. Little................ 90- It was such a heavy vase that he dropped it. Such.......... 91- He spoke so quickly that nobody could understand. So.......... 92- He must leave the country on any account. On no account.................... 93- I wouldn’t go back there under any circumstances. Under no circumstances......................................... 94- The club will only admit men under exceptional circumstances. Only under exceptional circumstances .................................. 95- You need a holiday by the sea. What.................. 96- That is the answer I was expecting. That is exactly what ............................ 97- If I had the choice, I would take the blue one. The other colours are not me at all. I`d rather............. 98- When the government was elected three years ago, they promised to cut taxes but nothing has happened yet. I’m fed up with waiting. It’s high time........................................... 99- The unemployment rate has risen slowly over the last six months. There..................... 100- There is no one I like more than you !. You..................................................... 101- Even if she earned a lot of money, she would still want more. No matter............................................. 102- Without your help, I would never have succeeded. Had....................................................... 103- Although she is happily married, she feels bored sometimes. Despite......................................................... 104-It is very important for me to write to my brother. Must I ------------------------------------------------------------- to my brother. 105- It wasn’t necessary for them to cook so much food. Need They ------------------------------------------------------cooked so much food. 106- They were forced to do their homework before they went out. Had They ---------------------------------------------their homework before they went out. 107- It is not permitted to take photographs in here. Can You -----------------------------------------in here. 108- There was no need for you to come. Have You ------------------------------------------------come. 109- You shouldn’t talk while the teacher is speaking. Supposed You ----------------------------------------- talk while the teacher is speaking. 110- It is necessary for me to work late tonight. Got I --------------------------------------------------- work late tonight. 111- No one expected you to wait for them. Need You -----------------------------------------------to wait for them. 112- It was not a very good idea for you to sit in the sun for so long. Should You ----------------------------------------------in the sun for so long. 113- I think it was possibly the cat which scratched the table. Might The cat ----------------------------------------- the table. 114- I tried as hard as I could, but I still did not pass. Best I ------------------------------------------, but I still did not pass. 115 -My parents met in 1970. Since My parents --------------------------------------------1970 116- I do not share your opinion about the military service. Agree I --------------------------------------- you about the military service. 117- Driving on the left will always feel strange to me. Get I do not think I will ever --------------------------- on the left. 118- Can you calculate the answers to these sums ? Work Can you --------------------------------------the answers to these sums ? 119- She said she would not tell anyone about what happened. Not She promised -------------------------------- anyone about what happened. 120- The operator had trouble connecting me to the sales department. Through The operator had trouble -------------------------------- to the sales department. 121 I lived in London as a child, but I don’t anymore. Used I ----------------------------------- in London as a child. 122 It took her a long time to recover from her illness. Over It took her a long time to ----------------------------- her illness. 123 I regret saying that to him. Wish I --------------------------------------- that to him. 124 I’m sure the children have been doing something terrible while we were out. Up I’m sure the children -------------------------- something terrible while we were out 125 I think you should go to bed. Time It is ------------------------------------ to bed. 126 Please do not tell Andrew about our conversation. Rather I`d ------------------------------------------- Andrew about our conversation. 127 Unless you start studying now, it is possible that you will fail the exam. Could You -------------------------------------- you start studying now. 128 Susan plays the piano better than Jackie. As Jackie does not ---------------------------------------- Susan. 129 It is very rare for me to go to the cinema. Hardly I ------------------------------------------------- to the cinema. 130 I thought it would be a good idea if we went home. Ought I thought --------------------------------------- home. Rewrite the sentences using the form of HAVE SOMETHING DONE : 131- Many students from 3º year dyed their hair in the trip. They must cut their hair before coming to classes next Monday. They must ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132 The tree in Mr. Peterson’s garden is so tall that he will ask someone to cut it down. Mr. Peterson will ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133 She made an appointment with the optician for an examination of her eyes. She made an appointment with the optician to------------------------------------------ 134 I will have to take a bus because my car is being repaired at this moment. I will have to take a bus because ------------------------------------------------------------- 135 An artist is painting my aunt’s portrait. My aunt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136 Sam broke his arm while he was playing rugby. He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 The Bartons redecorated their house two years ago. They ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 138 The boss asked the secretary to type the letter. He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 I sent my shoes to the cobbler. I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140 We misbehaved so my mother ordered us to clean the windows . My mother ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Rephrasing : Rewrite these sentences so that the meaning stays the same. Use Reported Speech, Passive Voice, Conditionals or the form “Have Something Done” where it is suitable. 141 “I went to New York last Summer, it was fantastic”. John told -------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 They are interviewing the President on tv at this moment. The President --------------------------------------------------------------------- 143 If you don’t take a taxi, you’ll be late. Unless you ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 144 They are repairing our roof at the moment. We ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 145 “Her name is Judy”. He said -------------------------------------------------------------------- 146 Sam took the old man to the hospital. The old man ------------------------------------------------------------- 147 If you help me with my homework, I’ll help you later. Provided you ------------------------------------------------------------ 148 The mechanic will fit a new stereo in my car. I will--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149 “Why don’t we leave early and have lunch in a good restaurant”. He suggested ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 150 Someone has opened these letters. These letters --------------------------------------------------- 151 I will stay up and watch the film, if it is a good one. As long as the film ------------------------------------------------------- 152 Has anyone tested your eyes recently ? Have you ------------------------------------------------------- ? 153 “How many times have you been to England ?” The officer asked ----------------------------------------------- 154 If they don’t offer me a better salary, I will leave the company. Unless they ----------------------------------------------------------------- 155 Our fence was blown down in a storm last week. We ------------------------------------------------------------------ 156 “We will arrive tomorrow at 12 :40 p.m.”. They told ---------------------------------------------------------- 157 They will change the law soon. The law ---------------------------------------------------------- 158 I must send this jacket to the cleaner’s . I must ----------------------------------------------------------------- 159 The manager locks the office at the end of the day. The office ---------------------------------------------------------------- 160 A handsome boy invited Sarah to the “Prom Party”. Sarah -------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 I have never heard such a nonsense ! Never Never ---------------------------------------------------nonsense. 162 Sorry, we must end there, as there is no more time. Run Sorry we must end there, as ----------------------------------------time. 163 You will have to learn to accept the facts !. Face You will--------------------------------------------------------------the facts. 164 If you drive faster, it is more dangerous. The The ----------------------------------------------------------------dangerous it is. 165 It was unnecessary for you to come early today. Have You ---------------------------------------------------come early today. 166 I haven’t had a Chinese meal for ages. Since It`s ------------------------------------------------------------- a Chinese meal. Rephrasing : rewrite these sentences using :Reported Speech, Passive Voice, Conditionals or the form “Have Something Done”. 167-“Why did you do that ?” The teacher wondered---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168-They are repairing the fence in our house. We ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 169-If you don’t pay attention, you will not understand me. Unless you ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 170- She is preparing a romantic dinner to celebrate their anniversary. A romantic dinner ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 171-“I’m trying to stop smoking”. Peter told --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 172-People ate most of the food at the party. Most of the food ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 173-“Why don’t we have a break and relax for some minutes ?”. Susan suggested --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174-They will build a new hospital in the village. The village -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175- You can make a party if you clean all the mess later. As long as --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176-That palm tree in our garden was blown down by the storm. We ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177-Tom will go out only if he finishes his homework. Provided he ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 178--The mechanic is fixing my car at the moment. I’m --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179-“No ! I’m not going to the disco tonight !” Sam refused ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 180-They haven’t decided the exact day of the match yet. The exact day of the match ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 181-Last Monday we appointed a new marketing manager. A new marketing manager ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 182This weather is awful ! She said what ---------------------------------------------------------------- 183- I assume the old man took my coat by mistake. The old man must ----------------------------------------------------------- 184- She’s a superb guitarist. She plays ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 185- They last saw each other when they left university. They haven’t ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 186- Someone is putting up the bookshelves tomorrow. The bookshelves --------------------------------------------------------------- 187- I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. It’s years since -------------------------------------------------------------------- 188- With a microwave oven we can prepare food in minutes. Microwave ovens ---------------------------------------------------------------- 189 As a child, he was forced to eat vegetables by his mother. When he was a child his mother------------------------------------------------ 190- A word processor is much more expensive than a typewriter. A typewrite isn’t -------------------------------------------------------------------- 191- How does this machine work ? She asked me ----------------------------------------------------------------- 192- I think you were wrong to borrow his walkman without asking. You shouldn’t ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 193- He became a millionaire although he had no qualifications. In spite of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 194- I’m sorry you left early . It wasn’t necessary for you to go. You needn’t --------------------------------------------------------- 195- The problem was so difficult that we couldn’t solve it. the problem was too -------------------------------------------------------- 196- Smoking can lead to heart disease. Heart disease --------------------------------------------------------------------- 197 I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet. I wouldn’t --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 198- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone. Unless -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 199- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table. If -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep. If you -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 202- You press this bottom to stop the machine. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 203- Make me some coffee and I’ll give you a cookie. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 204- If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed. Unless --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00. If you should ----------------------------------------------------------------- 206- I wouldn’t accept if you ask me to marry you ! If you were ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 207- Jack left the office before I arrived there When I arrived ------------------------------------------------------------------- 208- Do you have any experience of driving this kind of car ? Have you ever ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 209-ñ This is my first visit to Scotland. This is the ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210- During dinner, the phone rang. While ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 211- Do you have anything fixed for Saturday evening ? What are ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 212- I started this job 5 years ago. I have -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213- Is this car yours ? Do you ------------------------------------------------------------- 214- Look at those clouds !. there’s rain on the way ! Look at those clouds ! It’s ---------------------------------------------------- 215- Our twenty-fifth anniversary is at the end of next year. By the end of next year we ------------------------------------------------------- 216- I haven’t been to the cinema for two months. The last time ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 217-My friend had a wonderful pet dog when he was ten (TO) My friend _________________________ a wonderful pet dog when he was ten. 218-The hotel that we stayed in had a fantastic view. (WHERE) The hotel __________________________ had a wonderful view. 219-Sam plays tennis better than Peter. (AS) Peter doesn’t ______________________ Sam 220-It is not a problem for Sarah to work with a computer. (IS) Sarah _________________________ with a computer. 221-My mother can’t stand reality shows. (HATES) My mother ______________________ shows. 222-Susan moved to this neighborhood 2 years ago.(LIVING) Susan ____________________________ in this neighborhood for 2 years. 223-I have an appointment with the boss at 3pm .(AM) I _________________________ at 3pm. 224-You will never learn to type well if you don’t do a course.(UNLESS) You will never learn to type__________________ course. 225-Tom doesn’t get on well with people because he can be bossy at times.(WASN´T) IF Tom ___________________________ get on well with people. 226-Jenny started to write a letter an hour and she is still writing it.(BEEN) Jenny _______________________ for an hour. 227-Our teacher told us that we were doing very well. (DOING) Our teacher :”____________________ well”. 228-My friends made a party but they couldn’t contact me because my phone was out of order”(GONE) I ______________________________ had contacted me and had invited me. 229-My friend had a wonderful pet dog when he was ten (TO) My friend _________________________ a wonderful pet dog when he was ten. 230-The hotel that we stayed in had a fantastic view. (WHERE) The hotel __________________________ had a wonderful view. 231-It is not a problem for Sarah to work with a computer. (IS) Sarah _________________________ with a computer. 1. My mother can’t stand reality shows. (HATES) My mother ______________________ shows. 232-Susan moved to this neighborhood 2 years ago.(LIVING) Susan ____________________________ in this neighborhood for 2 years. 233-I have an appointment with the boss at 3pm .(AM) I _________________________ at 3pm. 234-You will never learn to type well if you don’t do a course.(UNLESS) You will never learn to type__________________ course. 235-Tom doesn’t get on well with people because he can be bossy at times.(WASN´T) IF Tom ___________________________ get on well with people. 236-Jenny started to write a letter an hour and she is still writing it.(BEEN) Jenny _______________________ for an hour. 237-Our teacher told us that we were doing very well. (DOING) Our teacher :”____________________ well”. 238-My friends made a party but they couldn’t contact me because my phone was out of order”(GONE) I ______________________________ had contacted me and had invited me. 239-It´s been a long time since I last had an ice cream. (eaten) I ___________________________________________ for a long time.. 240-I wish I were the president so that I could change some laws.(would) If I___________________________________ change some laws 241-usan always forgets to close the door , that is why thieves break into her house every now and then (forget) If Susan _________________________________________door thieves wouldn’t enter her house so frequently. 242- Eating chocolate in moderation won’t do you any harm. (much) Unless you _______________________________, it is harmless. 243- If I’m not feeling energetic, I won’t go for a walk. (unless) I won’t go for a walk ____________________________ energetic. 244- I’m planning to get a sabbatical year next year.(not) I ________________________________next year. 245- Scientists predict that the sun will exist for another five billion years. (disappear) Scientist predict that the sun ________________________five billion years. 246- My brother has an appointment with the dentist tomorrow morning. (visiting) My brother _____________________________ tomorrow morning. 247- I saw Peter a few minutes ago.(met) I____________________________________ Peter. 248- Jack never checks his tests so he always makes silly mistakes. (checked) If Jack ____________________________ make silly mistakes. 249- I moved here 10 years ago. I ____________________ for 10 years. (lived) 250- I'm not as old as my brother. My brother ___________________________me. (than) 251- 'Why don't we go to the cinema?' Daniel ____________________________to the cinema.(going) 252- I regret not studying harder when I was at school. I wish ___________________________when I as at school.(studied) 253- Someone has killed the party leader in a car bomb attack. The party leader ___________________________in a car bomb attack .(has) 254- It's too cold to go to the beach today. It's ______________________________to the beach today.(warm) 255- You won't pass the exam unless you study harder. If ________________________________________you won't pass the exam.(don't) 256- It took me two weeks to recover from the flu. I needed __________________________________ the flu.(over) 257- He crashed his car because he wasn't paying attention. If he ________________________________________he wouldn't have crashed his car.(been) 258- The doctor suggested that I starting playing golf. The doctor suggested I _____________________________golf.(up) 259- What are your plans for the weekend? What ______________________at the weekend? (do) 260- I haven't visited my family since 2005. The _______________________________my family was in 2005. (time) 261- 'If I were you, I would study law at university.' He ______________________________________at university.(advised) 262- She complains all the time about the teacher. She ______________________________________about the teacher.(keeps) 263- What subject was your favourite subject at school? What ______________________________________________at school? (enjoy) 264- She won't be allowed to come to the party. Her parents ___________________________________________the party.(let) 265- Speaking English is still strange for me. I'm __________________________________________English.(used) 266- I wasn't able to understand much until I had studied for several years. It was _________________________________________understand much.(before) 267- When the test had finished I remembered the correct answers! I didn't _____________________________________the test had finished.(remember) 268- She can't have passed the exam - she's useless at maths! She __________________________________the exam - she's useless at maths!(failed) 269- The car had almost stopped when it hit the wall. The car _____________________________________when it hit the wall. (hardly) 270- Despite having several broken bones, John was able to compete in the race. John was able to compete in the race __________________________several broken bones. (though) 271- My grandfather is one of the last people alive who fought in the war. Other than my grandfather there __________________________who fought in the war. (very) 272- That car was too expensive for us to buy. We would have bought that car ______________________________so expensive. (not) 273- 'Don't do that again, or you'll be in trouble!' said the teacher. The students _____________________________________do that again. (warned) 274- I can't believe this is the best hotel in the city! The must be _____________________________one in the city.(hotels) 275- Course fees must be paid in full before the course begins. Students __________________________________before the course begins.(all) 276- I haven't been to Oxford for at least ten years. The last time _______________________________at least ten years ago.(went) 277- My parents are both the same age. My mother _________________________________________my father.(as) 278- Learning French is a waste of time because the language is not widely spoken. There's __________________________________because the language is not widely spoken.(point) 279- It was difficult for Sarah to learn to read in Japanese. Sarah ________________________________________to read in Japanese. (difficulty) 280- The police had to find out whose fingerprints they were. The police had to find out ___________________________to. (belonged) 281- Many people say that there is a ghost in that house. There ____________________________________a ghost in that house. (supposed) 282- It might rain this afternoon so take an umbrella. Take an umbrella ______________________________this afternoon. (rains) 283- You look the same as you did when we last met ten years ago. You have _________________________our last meeting ten years ago. (changed) 284- You didn't need to rewrite the composition. It _________________________to rewrite the composition. (was) 285- Toby said that I had taken his girlfriend. Toby ___________________________________his girlfriend. (accused) 286- 'Does English bore you?' the teacher asked Fredrick. The teacher asked Fredrick ___________________________him. (if) 289- It was the child's grandfather who taught him to read music. The child ____________________________________by his grandfather. (was) 290- I regret not being able to speak French fluently. I _______________________________________________fluently. (could) 291- 'Would you like to come for dinner at our house?' asked Ruth. Ruth _______________________________come for dinner at their house. (invited) 292- Ivan didn't find it difficult to give up smoking. Ivan _________________________________________smoking. (difficulty) 293- Stefanie’s suggestions are always useful. Stefanie ___________________________________are always useful. (someone) 294- The witness described the assassin in detail. The witness __________________________________of the assassin. (description) 295 -It's a pity we didn't see Athens when we visited Greece. If only _____________________________________when we visited Greece. (could) 296- A very interesting guide told us about the exhibits. We _____________________________________by a very interesting guide. (were) 297- The test was too difficult for the students to pass. The test ______________________________that the students couldn't pass it. (so) 298- The mechanic in the town centre repaired my father's car. My father ____________________________________the mechanic in the town centre. (had) 299- I only passed the exam because the teacher helped me. If the teacher had ___________________________________not have passed the exam. (not) 300 -People say that cats have nine lives. Cats __________________________________________nine lives. (said) 301- The school has postponed the trip to London until next week. The school trip to London ______________________________until next week. (off) 302- Mary accidentally crashed her father's car. Mary did _____________________________her father's car. (mean) 303 It was wrong of you to copy the homework from your friend. You should ________________________________the homework from your friend. (copied) 304 You may not find it easy to understand phrasal verbs. It ___________________________________________for you to understand phrasal verbs. (might) 305 The best surgeon in town did Paolo's operation. Paolo ____________________________________the best surgeon in town. (had) 306 In my opinion you'll be a fantastic teacher! I ______________________________________you'll be a fantastic teacher! (no) 307 I last visited London 7 years ago. I have ________________________________seven years. (not) 308 'I'll be home by midnight,' said Isadora. Isadora promised she ____________________________________midnight. (get) 309 Teachers from the British Council started this school. This school __________________________________teachers from the British Council. (set) 310 Chiara spent years trying to pass the First Certificate exam. It _______________________________________the First Certificate exam. (took) 311-They make shoes in that factory. Shoes _____________________________in that factory. 312- People must not leave bicycles in the driveway. Bicycles __________________________________in the driveway. 313-They built that skyscraper in 1934. That skyscraper __________________________________in 1934. 314-The students will finish the course by July. The course _________________________________________by July. 315-They are repairing the streets this month. The streets ________________________________________this month. 316-They make these tools of plastic. These tools ___________________________________________of plastic. 317-They have finished the new product design. The new product design_______________________________________. 318-They were cooking dinner when I arrived. Dinner _______________________________________________when I arrived. 319-Smithers painted 'Red Sunset' in 1986. 'Red Sunset' _______________________________________in 1986 by Smithers. 320-Did the plan interest you? ___________________________in the plan? 321-They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived. The preparations __________________________by the time the guests arrived. 323-You should take care when working on electrical equipment. Care ______________________________________when working on electrical equipment. 324-They are going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony next weekend. Beethoven's Fifth Symphony ________________________next weekend. 325-Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting. Japanese ________________________________at the meeting. 326-Karen is going to prepare the refreshments. The refreshments ___________________________________by Karen 327-. The instructions have been changed. Someone ___________________________the instructions. 328-She will have to be taught. Someone _________________________________her. 329-This car was manufactured in Japan by Toyota. Toyota _____________________________________this car in Japan. 330-Why aren't the exercises being finished on time? Why ______________________________________the exercises on time? 331-Last year 2,000 new units had been produced by the time we introduced the new design. We ______________________________________2,000 new units by the time we introduced the new design last year. 332-Casual clothes must not be worn. You ____________________________________casual clothes. 333-$400,000 in profit has been reported this year. The company _______________________________$400,000 in profit this year. 334-The test will be given at five o'clock this afternoon. The school ______________________________the test at five o'clock this afternoon. 335-Students are required to wear uniforms at all times. The school ________________________________students to wear uniforms at all times. 336-This rumor must have been started by our competitors. Our competitors _________________________________this rumor. 337-All work will have been completed by five o'clock this evening. You ______________________________all work by five o'clock this evening. 338-We were told to wait here. Someone ______________________ us to wait here. 339-Lunch was being served when we arrived. They ___________________________________lunch when we arrived. 349-Lectures are recorded and posted on the Internet. They ________________________________________lectures on the Internet. 350-Portuguese has always been spoken in this village. People in this village ______________________________________Portuguese. 351- It is possible that fog will delay their departure until tomorrow. may Their departure_________________________ until tomorrow. 352.It is essential for every passenger to carry a boarding card. must A boarding card _______________________________ every passenger. 353. "I bought nothing abroad", Rita told the customs officer. she Rita told the customs officer ____________________ anything abroad. 354."When I retire I'm going to sail to India!", he said. he He announced that when__________________________ going to sail to India. 355. Bill advised the children to lock their bikes when they left them unattended. your Bill said to the children, "You _____________________ when you leave them unattended". 356. Taking the train doesn't cost as much as flying. going Taking the train is ________________________ plane. 357.Peter didn't think I had read the map properly. You Peter said, " _______________________ the map properly, have you?". 358.The ferry seems to be turning round and coming back. if It looks________________________ turning round and coming back. 359. Traffic jams are very time-wasting. a Traffic jams_____________________ time. 360. "You will soon be a good driver if you follow my advice", said the instructor. drive The instructor said I____________________ if I followed his advice.   : 1. Exam Tips When the day comes give yourself plenty of time (0) ..to. do everything: have breakfast but don't drink (1) ........... much; go to the toilet; arrive on time, but not too early or you will find yourself getting more and more nervous while you wait to start. Try not to talk (2) .......... the exam before you go in. In the exam, calm (3) ............ down by breathing deeply and thinking positively. Read (4) .......... exam questions carefully and underline all of the key instruction words (5) ............ indicate how the questions should (6) ......... answered. If possible start with the ones (7) ........... can do easily to give you confidence. Remember what you've learnt from practising questions and doing mock exams previously and plan your use of time. Don't panic (8) .......... everyone around you seems to start writing furiously straight away and don't be tempted to follow their example. Finally, after the exam, don't join in a discussion about (9) .......... everyone else did, (10) ............ you want to frighten yourself, and drain your self-confidence for the next exam. Above (11) ..........., remember that exams are not designed to catch you out, (12)...... ... to find out what you know, what you understand and what you can do. 2. Fast food The concept of “fast food” is very important in English-speaking countries (0) for one major reason: the working day starts at around the same time (1)............ in European countries, but finishes (2).......... earlier, typically at about five o'clock in (3)........... evening when the offices, banks and many of the shops begin to close. As a result, there's not much time for lunch, (4)............ many people bring something from home to eat at their desks, (5)............. with a cup of tea or instant coffee made with the office kettle, (6)......... than going out to a restaurant for a “proper” lunch as do many European office workers, (7)........... usually finish work much later in the evening. For (8).............. who prefer to get out of the office to have a break or (9)............... fresh air, there are the various fast food options (10).................... as sandwiches, Cornish pasties, burgers, kebaps, or fish and chips, many of (11)................... can be eaten “on the move”, (12)................. even the need to sit down! Only on special occasions is a British office worker likely to eat lunch in a restaurant. (13)............... someone's birthday, promotion, engagement or retirement, for example, a group of colleagues will eat together in a pub or restaurant. It is for this reason (14) foreign visitors are often surprised (15).................... the lack of affordable, good quality, places to have lunch in the major British cities. 3- British and American English Students of English all over the world are aware that (0) there are differences (1).......... British and American English. But how great are the differences really? The varieties (2).......... English have historical roots. (3)......... pilgrims left England in the seventeenth century, (4).......... language has evolved, giving rise to changes (5)............ vocabulary, grammar and spelling. Many of the (6)........... obvious differences are in the vocabulary used in the two countries (7).......... many of the words in common use in the twentieth century (8).......... not exist in the seventeenth (9)........ . "Pavements" in Britain, and "sidewalks" in the USA, only became common later, (10).......... example. The two countries (11).......... also borrowed words from different sources: courgettes (12)........... imported to Britain from France (13)........... zucchini were brought to America (14)............ Italian immigrants. Printing was a relatively new invention in the seventeenth century and the spelling of (15) ............. words had not yet been formalised, which accounts for many of the differences in spelling. 4- The death of the High Street It is often the case (0) that the principal street of an English town or city is called the High Street, and in the past it (1)......... have been there that people used to meet, do business and go shopping. However, over the last few decades, Britain, (2) ....... other developed countries, has seen “giant” supermarkets and major new shopping centres springing (3)........... on the outskirts of urban areas or in locations which are (4) ........ reached by car and which have ample parking. The appearance of these new temples of retailing is (5) ......... the result and the cause of the phenomenon (6).......... as the “death of the High Street”, a consequence of the fact that town or city centres had become ever (7)......... inconvenient both for the retailers themselves and for (8) ........ customers. Once offered an alternative, shoppers and motorists were quick to flock to more modern and better-designed suburban shopping facilities, taking their business with them and so inevitably accelerating the closure of many of the smaller and most traditional shops, (9)......... as butchers, fishmongers and greengrocers. These (10)........ then replaced by the ubiquitous “charity shops”, small retail outlets run (11)........... non-profit organisations selling second-hand items given free by their supporters. These shops occupy (12)........... were formerly prime locations in the High Street, but may only pay a minimal rent, and are staffed by volunteers to maximise the income (13).......... the sale of old clothes, shoes, books or ornaments which fill their shelves. In the poorest regions of Britain (14)........... is not uncommon to find three, four or more charity shops in a small High Street, a situation which is convenient for those who cannot afford to buy new, and for those who benefit (15)............ the various services provided by the charities, but depressing for residents who remember the lively and prosperous High Streets of the past. 4- A SIGN OF THE TIMES Wedding photographers are now asking (01)................ payment (02)................ advance because so many marriages are breaking (03)............. in the first few weeks, often (04).......... the honeymoon. One photographer had to sue the bride for his money after the couple split (05).............. on their honeymoon. His photographs were submitted (06)............. the court who said they were (07).......... sufficient standard, and she (08)............. to pay for this souvenir of her "happiest day". (09)............ another case, the bride's mother saw the photographs and (10)............ enlargements and albums. The photographer said; "I called (11).............. to say they were ready, and the bride's mother said, 'Don't bring those bloody photographs round (12)............. - he's left (13)............ .' Couples are now (14)............ to pay a "divorce deposit" (15)............. the photographer. 5- A FOLK STORY WITH MEANING Nasrudin made a bet that he could spend a night on a mountain, despite the ice and snow. The bet was accepted. Nasrudin took a book and candle and sat (01)......... the coldest night he (02)........ known. (03)......... the morning, he was half-dead as he went (04)........ to the village to claim his money. "Did you have (05).......... at all to keep you warm?" The people in the village asked him, "Not (06)....... a candle?" "Yes, I had a candle." "Then the bet is (07).........." Nasrudin did not argue. Some months later he invited the same people (08)....... a feast(09)...... his house. They sat. They waited. Hours (10).......... They started to mutter (11)....... food. Nasrudin said: "Let's go and see how it is getting (12)......." They all went (13)........ the kitchen. They found a huge pot of water. (14)......... the pot a candle was burning. The water was tepid. Nasrudin said: "It is not ready (15)........ I don't know why - it has been there since yesterday." 6- A GRAVEYARD FOR PETS (01)..... the recession, Britain's pet owners are willing to pay for a permanent memorial (02)...... much-loved furred and feathered friends. The Rossendale Pets Cemetery, near Rawtenstall in Lancashire, now stretches to over 10 acres covered by 1,600 graves and 800 plots for small caskets of ashes. It was started 26 years (03)........ by a local farmer who ran his dog (04)...... with a tractor and was (05).......... grief-stricken that he put up a headstone. That has long since been dwarfed (06)...... elaborate monuments, including a marble gate flanked by pillars. Dedicated to a horse called Brandy, it cost well (07)...... £2,000 seven years ago. Other animals commemorated in the cemetery vary from budgies to a lioness. The owners of the cemetery, Mr and Mrs Annable, have had some upsetting experiences: "We had a man (08)....... tried to climb into the incinerator to kiss his Irish wolfhound goodbye. He was an educated man (09)....... well, an English teacher. In the end, he left half the ashes here and took half home. "Every Sunday a long-distance driver brings fresh flowers (10)...... his dog. Rain, hail, fog or snow, he never (11)....... And then (12)....... is Kakkoo the parrot, who spoke four languages. His grave is marked by a simple wooden cross and a bronze plaque. "(13)........ couple arrived carrying a cage. They had not seen their hamster for (14)........ time. Was it in hibernation or was it dead? They couldn't bear to look. In fact, it was as stiff as a board. When I told them, they burst into tears. I didn't (15)......... the heart to charge them." 7-EURO-DISNEY: In Euro-Disney, an investment of $2 billion has created a monstrous funfair. Pirates in the West Indies. Ghosts and graveyards and a haunted house. Simulated space travel. Railway rides and Peter Pan and Dumbo.... There must be (01)........ of Europe's 60 or so million children under the age of 14 who are not nagging (02)....... parents. When I hear (03)..... this monstrous creation is a bare 24 miles from the centre of Paris, I think it represents the death of civilisation. One (04)........ have thought the French (05)....... more sense, better taste, but, then, they always did have this love-hate relationship (06)...................... the USA. (07)........ me be clear about it. Disney should stay (08)....... he belongs: in the swamps of Florida or the suburbs of Los Angeles. People (09)......... appreciate him. Perhaps the most perplexing response (10)....... Disney, that pap-merchant, has been made by collectors. In the United States, a four-volume Illustrated Disneyland Catalogue and Price Guide is (11)...... It lists 26,000 prices (12)...... $1 for a 1966 Donald Duck book (13)........ $14,000 for a tin wind-up walking Mickey Mouse of around 1930. In America, there are an estimated 50,000 collectors. The highest (14)....... are paid for cels, paintings on celluloid, a specialised market worth an annual $60 million. The most paid (15)....... far for a cel has been $286,000. 8- Caravanning in Wales The sea cliffs and sandy beaches of Wales are hard (0) ____to____ beat. Add to (16) ________wild, romantic scenery, ancient castles, modern theme parks and cheap accommodation and you’ve got a great family holiday. Of course (17) _______makes Wales so green is the rain. Even in mid-summer, you can expect a couple of wet and windy days. But don’t let that (18)__________ you off. There are (19) __________of indoor activities, so you can enjoy (20) ________whatever the weather. For (21) _________people Wales is a caravan country. If you haven’t stayed in a caravan (22) ________you were little, it’s (23) _________you tried it again. Standards of comfort are much higher (24) ________a decade ago, with facilities such (25) _________laundries and kids’ play areas. A good example is the Fontygary Holiday Park. You can stay in a spacious caravan equipped (26) __________TV, shower, separate bedrooms and fridge, (27) ____________works out to be less expensive when compared (28) ____________a guesthouse or self-catering cottage. And you won’t even need to leave the site to (29) ______________fun. The kids can swim in the 25- metre indoor pool, or join (30) ____________ the games organized by the entertainment staff. Meanwhile you can take a sauna, go to the gym, have your hair styled, or just sit on the cliff top and enjoy the view. 9- Travel Insurance When going (0) ___on___ holiday, it is always a good idea to take (16) _________travel insurance. This is just in (17) __________something goes (18) __________ along the way. You could lose your luggage, you could (19) _________robbed, or even become ill and need expensive medical treatment. For millions of holiday makers, travel insurance is just a precaution (20)___________ will help them have an enjoyable and worry-free holiday. But for (21) __________ , travel insurance is a way of earning money (22) __________ making false claims against insurance companies. For (23) ____________ , some people pretend that they have had expensive equipment stolen which in (24) __________ never even existed, and then claim large sums (25) _____________ compensation. Such claims cost insurance companies a total (26) _________£50 million per year. But the cheats’ luck is about to run (27) ________ . (28) ________to a new computer system, companies will be able to tell at a glance (29) ___________ someone has made a claim within the last three years. Honest travelers will no (30) ___________ have to pay through the nose for other people’s dishonesty. 10- Laughter You not only laugh more (0) ___when___you are relaxed, but you (16) ________relax when you laugh, and it has (17) ________found that when you’re (18) _________ holiday it is easier to do both. But for (19) ___________ people laughter is not just a pleasure, it is a (20) __________ of fighting illness. Some hospitals have begun to bring in clowns to relieve the silent, depressing atmosphere, especially in children’s wards. This scheme is called “Medical Smile” and it helps sick children in a (21)__________ that doctors, with all (22) _____________ knowledge, can’t do. The effect of the clowns is more (23) ___________ psychological. Laughter helps strengthen the immune system- (24) _________ is, the part of our bodies (25) __________fights off disease. We take (26) _________more oxygen when we laugh, and our heartbeat slows (27) _________ . Hospital clowns are becoming more (28) ________more popular because (29) ______ the positive effect they have. They both relieve depression, which tends to (30) __________ illnesses worse, and give people the will to fight their illnesses themselves. 11- Coping with Shyness Shyness is a problem that is common (0) ___to___many people. In (16) __________ , according to Mr Zimbardo, a distinguished psychologist at Stanford University, eight (17) _________ of ten people are reported to (18) _________been shy at some (19) ___________in their lives. Most people (20) __________have this condition, suffer feelings of discomfort and anxiety at the (21) ___________of meeting others, especially at social gatherings (22) ____________parties. Keeping away from such situations is not really a solution, of course, and if a shy person can manage to overcome their fears they (23) ___________ gain a feeling of self-satisfaction as (24) ___________as improving their social life. However, if the case of shyness is severe, when important occasions are missed or a person’s social, educational or professional life is affected, (25) ___________ the label “shyness” is inappropriate. (26) ___________ this stage, it is termed “social phobia”. Those suffering (27) ______________ this condition are very often bright, talented and sensitive people. But feelings of social isolation, resulting (28) _____________ loneliness, can lead to additional problems (29) _____________ as alcohol abuse or addiction to medication. Fortunately, a number of treatments are available and come in the form of individual (30) ____________ group therapy and training. Therefore, a person who has social phobia has an excellent chance of recovery. 12. Wake Up, It’s Summer! The summer season makes (0) ___all/most____ of us feel good, and scientists believe that they (16) ____________ discovered the reason for this. “Bright light makes you feel more awake and helps you sleep better,” says Dr. Arendt, from the University of Surrey, (17) ___________ is studying the effect of light (18) _____________ the human body. Light travels through the eye and sends a message to the part of the brain that controls sleep and appetite. So in the summer months (19) ____________ sunlight is increased, your energy level goes (20) ____________ thus decreasing the need to eat and sleep. (21) ___________ addition, the heat from the sun also (22)__________ a calming effect as it reduces blood pressure, producing a feeling of relaxation. Sea and mountain air are also beneficial in summer as they make you breathe (23) __________ deeply, increasing the (24) _________ of oxygen in your blood. For (25) __________ people, however, there is a negative side (26) ___________summer. Those suffering (27) __________ low blood pressure may experience feelings of tiredness and anxiety at this (28) ___________ of year. Experts advise such people to (29) _________ up exercise and to add more salt (30) ___________ their diet. So, if you can, enjoy the benefits of bright light, warm days and seaside air and you’ll feel completely refreshed. ‘ 13- Tasty Snacks We (0) ____all____ love to eat between meals, (16) ________it’s a bar of chocolate after breakfast or a packet of crisps before dinner. But when we think (17) _______it, most of these “snack” foods are (18) __________of fat, salt and sugar and thus contain a (19) ________of calories. Another disadvantage is that after (20) _________consumed these foods, there is a temptation to eat (21) __________as they still leave you feeling hungry. But who says snack foods have to be bad (22) ___________you? They can, in (23)___________ , be very good for you if you just choose carefully. One of the best and healthiest snack options is dried fruit. It’s really tasty and makes a brilliant, easy-to- eat snack, as (24) __________as leaving you satisfied. (25)_____________ is also a great variety to choose (26) ________, with dried bananas, apricots, grapes and apples available at (27) ___________ supermarkets. You can enjoy dried fruit for morning and afternoon breaks, at school or at work, in the car or (28) ___________watching television. Dried fruit also makes the perfect fast food for late-night homework sessions. So next time you fancy (29) ___________sweet, try the healthy option and you’ll (30) _________ pleasantly surprised. 14- Dinner Parties Organising a dinner party can (0) ___be___ a stressful business. Firstly you have to decide (16) _______you are going to invite and make (17) _________ the guests are going to mix well. It’s (18) ________good inviting people that are either going to sit around (19) small groups and only speak to each (20) ________or people that are going to hide behind the furniture and not talk at (21) ________. Also you have to ensure they can get to and from your home (22) _________any problems. Next is organising the food. You want to prepare a meal that is above average standard, but doesn’t (23) _________ the earth. It is also wise to ask the guests about their likes and dislikes (24) ________ you invite them, as you don’t want to serve up a meal nobody (25) _______ eat. Cooking the meal is important as (26) __________ , because you want it ready at the time you stated. Seating arrangements are important too. You don’t want (27) _________the quiet guests at one end of the table and the talkative (28) __________ at the other. Serving drinks before, during and (29) ________ the meal is always a good way to (30) _________ people to relax and chat. And remember to shut the cat in another room, as you don’t want it jumping onto the table searching for a snack! 15- The Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge has linked San Francisco and theMarin Peninsula for more (0) ___than___ 50 years. However, building it was no easy task. The idea of linking the two places was not a new one but it wasn’t (16) _______1917 that the first workable design was produced. It would (17)_______twenty years to complete the bridge, and from the outset there were (18) _______difficulties: rough waters, the often foggy conditions and the danger of earthquakes all combined to make constructing this bridge a (19) _______trickier business than building New York’s George Washington Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge, (20) _______was then the largest in the world, was finished (21) _______ May 27th, 1937. Californians flocked to their new showpiece and walked from one end to the (22)__________ . The next day it was opened to cars. (23) _______ the past 58 years it (24) __________ been part of daily life for millions of commuters. Of course, its paintwork must (25) __________ kept (26) _______good condition. A 28-man team is responsible for this. If you thought Michelangelo needed a good head (27) ________ heights to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling, just (28) _________ a thought for these men. The bridge stands (29) __________4,200 feet. The trick, agree the painters, is never to look (30)_______ . Rather them than us! 16- Cyprus With (0) ___its___warm sunshine, sparkling seas and serene landscapes, Cyprus offers (16) _______of reasons to escape the grey winter days. Cyprus has so (17) ________attractions as a holiday island. The sun shines most days of the year and even in the (18) _______of winter the days are warm and inviting. The shoreline of rough cliffs, sandy beaches and old harbours is washed (19) ______the Mediterranean. Inland, you (20) _______discover another world of ancient mountains and green valleys with neat fields, orange and lemon groves, vineyards and old villages built out (21) ________stone Legend has it that Cyprus was the place (22) _________the ancient Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, (23) ________born. The exact spot is (24) ________to be the Rocks of Romiou, a beautiful beach just (25) the coast from the old port and town of Paphos. This is (26) _______largest town in Cyprus and is located (27) ________the south western part of the island. Paphos has developed (28)_________a thriving modern city and is a large tourist resort, but even (29) _________, it has managed to preserve its ancient past. The old harbour is still the central part of the town with tavernas lining the waterside. (30) ________are also excellent bars, clubs and restaurants in the modern part of town where visitors can enjoy traditional food and entertainment 17- Power Dressing Fashion designers have finally realised that working women are (0) ___their____main customers. Well-made clothes for the office rather (16) ________high glamour are now top priority. This season’s designs show that the working woman has (17) ________ very important to a wide range of fashion designers, with garments being made to (18) _________ not only the body (19) _________ the lifestyle as well. (20) _________ years, plain-coloured basic suits were the only thing business women (21) ________ wear, but today’s woman isn’t happy wearing what is no more than a version of a man’s business suit. She wants her clothes to be elegant, modern and dynamic - and good (22) __________ for money. While few big names in fashion have (23) ___________ their attention to the office, a new group of designers is emerging, (24) _________main goal is to dress city women in style. Collections are (25) __________ designed with the (26) ___________ of providing easy, comfortable, all- purpose clothes (27) __________will free women from thinking only in (28) ________of the usual blouse, jacket and skirt. For (29) ___________, a long black fitted jacket worn over a simple but beautifully cut dress would (30) ________ a woman to go from the office to a cocktail party with elegant ease. 18- Keeping Warm In Winter Do you feel the cold? If the answer is “yes”, then (0) ___why____not try a cold bath or shower? This unusual advice (16) ________from a natural health therapist in Germany (17) ________, for the last 30 years, has (18) ________studying the effects of cold water. Most people are brought (19) ________to believe that it’s important to (20) __________warm during the cold weather, with extra clothing and heaters, (21) _________ research shows that the opposite is true. At a German health centre, hundreds of visitors follow this advice by taking their first cold bath at 6 am, and come out feeling (22) _________ more relaxed. This is (23) __________ to the fact that the cold water increases blood sugar levels, the heart beat and breathing rate. New research at the medical centre of Hanover has (24) __________ that those taking daily cold baths have 50% (25) __________ colds and breathing problems than those who don’t. Studies (26) ________ London have also proven that (27) __________ treatment will help protect (28) ___________ heart attacks. For those people who find the idea of such behaviour unthinkable, then regular exercise such (29) ___________ running or cycling is a good alternative. So, next time you’re suffering from the cold, don’t sit and complain, (30) __________ action! 19- Fatal Frogs Across South America one can find a variety of frog unlike (0) ___those/any____found in Europe. Apart (16) _______being different colours, such as yellow and blue, these frogs are poisonous. Some of them are (17) ________ poisonous that even touching (18) _______ can be fatal. The Embera Choco people of Colombia have (19) ________ using toxins from frogs for many years in (20) ________ to hunt. However, since the arrival of other types of weapons in the rainforest, the .art of making dart guns (21) __________ started to disappear. However, it is still possible to find craftsmen making dart guns (22) _________ the trunks of palm trees. The actual dart is covered (23) __________ poison from the frog’s skin. The poison will remain strong (24) ______ to kill animals for more (25) a year. About 55 of the 135 species of South American frogs are toxic. The frogs are brightly coloured to warn predators not to touch them. Some species of frogs produce toxins (26) _________may be useful for mankind as painkillers. A number of species are (27) ________bred by researchers in the States to investigate the possibility of using toxins for (28) ________benefit. By licking the frog’s skin scientists (29) _______judge the level of toxins. There is no danger of being poisoned, though, as frogs in captivity gradually become (30) _______poisonous. 20- Vegetables We are frequently told these days that we should eat more vegetables (0) ___as____part of a healthy diet. However, a large (16) _______of people are still not taking this advice. One of the reasons could be that they (17) ________ bad memories of the few vegetables they were forced to eat by (18) ________parents when they were children. (19) ________ the other hand, potatoes are one (20) ________ of vegetable which we are familiar (21) _______ although we do not perhaps think of them (22) ________ healthy food to eat. Of course, chips are not very good for us (23) _______ of their high fat content, but potatoes can (24) _______ cooked in many other interesting ways which do not harm our health. (25) ________ vegetables which we will almost certainly (26) _________ eaten are carrots, turnips and parsnips. Carrots can be eaten raw, while parsnips can be prepared (27) ________ potatoes, and baby turnips are crisp and as sweet as apples when cooked. Alternatively, there are many different vegetables in the shops, (28) _________as celeriac, kohlrabi and salsify. These may (29) _______ strange to us at the moment, but they are as easy to cook as (30) _________ of the other vegetables mentioned and make a delicious change. 21-Mountain Biking Mountain biking is becoming an increasingly popular sport, as people become (0) ____more________ interested in keeping (16) ________and doing activities which take them out of their homes. It is not only a pleasurable way of improving your fitness, but (17) _________one of the most rewarding ways to explore the countryside. However, it is important to follow a (18) _________simple rules, other- wise you could (19) ___________the environment and spoil (20) ___________people’s enjoyment. Cyclists can use any road but they must (21) __________attention to the type of path they are on. Some paths (22) __________only designed for people who are (23) __________foot, so if you are cycling (24) __________ these, you could cause inconvenience to walkers as (25) _________ as ending up being taken to court (26) ___________ the owner of the land you are on. On any other path, you should still respect walkers and be careful (27) _________you are passing horse riders. Other things which you are asked to do are to close gates behind you, so (28) ___________farm animals cannot escape, and to take your rubbish home with you. Always (29) _________someone know where you are going and carry the right equipment and clothing for unexpected conditions, (30) _________you could be creating unnecessary problems for yourself. 22- The Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight is a small island just (0) ___off____the south coast of England near the towns of Portsmouth and Southampton. Queen Victoria loved the island (16) _______ much that she had Osborne House built, which has not changed at (17) _______ since the days when she used to visit with her huge family. (18) ________ tourist attractions include Butterfly World, where, (19) _________ the name suggests, visitors can see a large range __________ (20) butterflies, and two zoos. In summer it is usually warm and sunny (21) _________ for holiday-makers to enjoy the miles of clean beaches. Alternatively, for those (22) __________ want to be out of doors but don’t like sunbathing, the Isle of Wight is an excellent place for cyclists. There are numerous little paths which lead (23) ________picturesque villages all (24) _______the island. Newport, the island’s capital, is also (25) _________a visit. It is a busy little town with (26) _______of small specialist shops. (27)________ the beginning of August, there is the most famous yachting week (28) _________the world, which takes (29) _______at Cowes. During that week Cowes is full (30) _______carnival atmosphere and every bar and restaurant is packed. 23-The Brain Contrary to popular belief, it is not true (0) ___that___we use only 10 percent of our brain power; it is (16) ______of the myths of modern times. The brain controls all of our bodily functions as (17) _______ as carrying out the most complicated processes (18) _________ thought and imagination. There must (19) __________ , be some spare capacity built into the system because brain cells - unlike most of the body’s other cells - are not (20) _________ to divide and therefore are incapable (21) __________ replacing themselves (22) __________ they die. It is possible to increase the abilities of our brain. We do _________(23) when we learn to read, (24) ________ example. Current research shows that the learning process creates new connections (25) __________brain cells (26) ________ increases our mental powers. But scientists are unable to say exactly how (27) ________ of our brains we don’t use. Despite a lot of research, the brain is still the (28) _________ mysterious organ in the body and it will be many years (29) ________ enough information can be gathered to explain all (30) _________ functions. 24- Beating Stress Do you grab quick snacks (0) __at__work, eat late at night and drink too (16) ________ tea and coffee? If so, you’re probably (17) ________ stress, and your eating habits are (18) _______ the problem worse. The effects of stress can be beaten by following (19) _________ simple advice. First, cut (20) _________ on coffee, tea and cola drinks. They all contain caffeine, which (21) _________ you feel better for a (22) ________ minutes, but which also destroys the vitamins (23) _________ our bodies. Try not to eat sweets, biscuits and cakes. A quick burst of sugar suddenly increases blood-sugar levels; however, (24) _______ 2 or 3 minutes, you (25) ________ left feeling tired and irritable. Don’t drink alcohol to forget (26) ________ worries. In the long term, alcohol (27) _________ depression. Eat plenty (28) _________ citrus fruit and green vegetables as they contain Vitamin C. Red meat and seafood contain iron, (29) __________ helps fight nervous tiredness. Remember to eat a good breakfast to start the day well. Take (30) ___________ to eat properly and try to avoid eating late at night. Avoid junk food. Fresh is best! 25-An amazing escape in the air In December 1942, an aircraft took (0)___off__from an airfield in Minnesota, USA. On board were the pilot, Sid Gerow, and the engineer, Harry Griffiths. The plane left (1)_______ factory and this was its first flight. The two men were responsible (2)_______ checking that everything was (3)______ order. Griffiths had (4)_______ carry out inspections (5)_____ the doors and windows, making sure they were securely closed. He was checking a door near the pilot´s seat (6)______ suddenly it gave way and he fell out (7)____ the aircraft. Fortunately, he managed (8)____ hold onto the door although he knew that he would soon lose his grip. The air temperature was minus 13 degrees Celsius and strong winds (9)______ blowing him about. Gerow realized exactly (10)_______ had happened because he felt the cold air and Griffiths´ shouts, but he had to stay in his seat to control the plane. He decided not to land because this would be very dangerous for Griffiths. Suddenly, he had (11)______ idea. Below him he could see a frozen lake. He took the plane down as low (12)_______ possible and reduced speed. A few metres from the ice, at a speed of 160 kph, Griffiths let go. He hit the ice and for one kilometre. Circling round, Gerow was relieved to see (13)_____ colleague get up (14)______ walk to the shore (15)_____ the lake. His plan had worked !!!. 26) Larry Walters intended to (1)---------------- only a short trip when he took off from Long Beach, California, (2)---------------- in a garden chair which was attached (3)-------------- 45 balloons filled (4)---------------- helium. Instead, the ropes (5)---------------- secured his chair to the ground broke and he shot up to 16,000 feet. (6)--------------- startled airline pilots eyed the strange flying machine, Larry began to (7)------------------ a little chilly. He (8)-------------- at the several balloons with an airgun he (9)------------- taken with him and began to descend. When the ropes became entangled in a power line, Larry was finally (10)--------------- to return to (11)---------------- after more than an hour . Walters (12)--------------- rescued, uninjured, as his chair hung from the power lines. “The part that was frightening was the last 300 feet, with the rooftops coming up so fast”, he (13)---------------- afterwards. “I was praying that I wouldn’t (14)------------- one of the power lines and (15)------------- killed. I fulfilled my dream but I wouldn’t do this again (16)-------------- anything”. The U.S Federal Aviation Administration is determined to see that he does not. An inspector said : “We know that he (17)--------------- some part of the law. As (18)--------as we decide which part it is, some charge (19)------------ be filled. If he (20)--------------a pilot’s licence, we’d suspend that, but he hasn’t”. 27) Though they are very different in all sorts of ways cricket and baseball are also quite similar. (1)---------------- they are both played with very hard balls, some of the players have to wear (2)----------------- to protect their hands and to help (3)------------------ catch the ball. Golfers wear them too, but (4)----------------- need them to stop their hands slipping on the (5)------------------ . In racket sports (6)---------------- tennis , squash and badminton a good grip is essential as well (7)--------------- strength, speed, stamina and, in the case of modern tennis, height. Tall players have a tremendous advantage when they serve because they can hit the ball at (8)------- great speed that their opponents are lucky to get the ball back over the (9)---------------It’s (10)--------------- important to keep your cool. Lots of players lose concentration if a linesman says a ball they returned is (11)----------------- . Occasionally the (12) ---------------- will overrule the decision and say that the ball was in after all. There’s not often any doubt whether someone (13)----------------- scored a (14)------------- or not in football, but sometimes players disagree (15)----------------- the referee over penalties. 28) Cooking is fun once you know how to do it. The easiest (1)-------------- to learn is to borrow (2)--------------- basic cookery books from the local library or from a friend and (3)------------- experimenting. Spend a couple of hours reading through the (4)--------------- until you find one that you think sounds tasty. (5)------------- a list of the necessary ingredients and check the fridge and cupboards to (6)------------- sure you have (7)-------------- you need. There’s nothing worse (8)------------- starting to cook a meal and then realising you don’t have (9)--------------- essential like lemons or breadcrumbs. It is really (10)------------- to check that you have all the basic equipment like cheese graters and knives as well. The recipes in most cookery books have been tested many (11)-------------- so the instructions (12)--------------- be accurate and clear. Read them through carefully and assemble all the things you (13)--------------- need. Another thing, (14)--------------- a lot of people forget unfortunately, is that cleaning up as you go along makes cooking easier. My mother, (15)-------------- was a superb cook, always said, “The best meals come from a tidy kitchen”. 29) One of ----------------------- most enjoyable jobs I’ve ---------------------- done was when I ---------------- a student. When you ----------------- what it was you may be a ----------------------- shocked, but ---------------------- I know it sounds unpleasant I ca assure you that it was ----------------- fact delightful. Believe it or -------------------, I was a grave-digger for a -------------------- summer. It was one of --------------------- hot, dry summers which made the --------------------- as hard as rock and it needed a great deal of -------------------to dig the graves. Now a grave-digger doesn’t have -------------------------to do with dead bodies. All he has to do is dig two-metre deep holes and fill them in again when the ------------------------ has been put in. As I ------------it was a marvelous summer and I’m glad to say ------------------------- I didn’t have to work on my --------------------. I had a workmate who had been digging graves-------------------------- 1950. In ------------------- of his depressing trade he was a cheerful character, always laughing and --------------------- jokes. He used to tell me ------------------ about his experiences and I ------------------------ to him for hours on end. Mind you, we had to work quite -------------------- and usually there were two or three graves to dig every day. By the -------------------------- I had to go ------------------ to college I was fitter, browner and in some ------------------- a wiser person. 30) While some people choose a different time and go to a different place for their holiday every year, we have been going to the same place ------------------- the same time (the first two weeks ----------- July) ------------------------- the past five years as regular as clockwork. And why ? Well it’s a ----------------------- difficult to explain, but I’ll try. --------------------- we found this special “place”, we always --------------------- to like touring in our car, but we --------------------------- travelling through the south of the country one day ------------------------ we decided all of a sudden to turn off the main road. And that was -------------------- we found the village, quite -------------------- accident, the village that was to be our holiday home from then on. 31) ANIMAL CARERS The Wildlife Treatment Centre is (1)___a___ small organisation which was set up on the Greek island of Aegina (1)_____ 1984. It aims to protect rare birds and other animals (2)______ are in danger and to teach people about the importance of wildlife. At the busy animal hospital, vets and volunteers take care (3)______ anything from birds to bears. Sick and injured animals are brought into (4) _______ hospital by ordinary members of the public. “It doesn’t matter how long (5) ______ takes, we always keep the animals(6) _______ they can look after themselves”, says Katerina, a volunteer (7) _______ works for the centre. “There are some, however, that won’t ever manage to survive unless they are looked after, so (8) ______ live here on a permanent basis”. Many of the animals that are treated in the Centre are rare, (9) ______ not all. The Centre accepts any animal that is (10) _______ trouble, and even takes care of ordinary pets that have been treated badly or are not wanted by their owners any longer. 32) Cooking is fun once you know how to do it. The easiest (1)-------------- to learn is to borrow (2)--------------- basic cookery books from the local library or from a friend and (3)------------- experimenting. Spend a couple of hours reading through the (4)----------- until you find one that you think sounds tasty. (5)------------- a list of the necessary ingredients and check the fridge and cupboards to (6)------------- sure you have (7)-------------- you need. There’s nothing worse (8)---------- starting to cook a meal and then realizing you don’t have(9)-------- essential like lemons or breadcrumbs. It is really (10)------------- to check that you have all the basic equipment like cheese graters and knives as well. The recipes in most cookery books have been tested many (11)-------------- so the instructions (12)--------------- be accurate and clear. Read them through carefully and assemble all the things you (13)--------------- need. Another thing, (14)--------------- a lot of people forget unfortunately, is that cleaning up as you go along makes cooking easier. My mother, (15)-------------- was a superb cook, always said, “The best meals come from a tidy kitchen”. 33)“THE BIG SLEEP” Carol suffers from narcolepsy, (0) one of the most dangerous sleep problems people can have but fortunately one of (1)_____ rarest. According to experts, sufferers suddenly fall into (2)_____ deep sleep at any time. Even just laughing at any joke can make them drop off to sleep!. Now twenty, and studying geography, Carol never thought that (3)______ was much wrong with her. “(4)_____ night I go to sleep straight away but I wake (5)_____ at least 5 or 6 times – usually when I’m worried(6)______something.” If cases like Carol’s go without treatment,  patients can be in real danger. About thirty percent (7)______ the cases of people with unusual sleep habits are not due to medical problems. Perhaps they (8)_______ not getting enough sleep because there is (9)_______ much noise in the place (10)______ they sleep, or the lights are too bright, (11)______ even worse, they are not sleeping at the right times. Perhaps, (12)______ in Carol’s case, medical treatment (13)______ needed, since there is usually (14) _____ cure available 34) Robert Falcon Scott, _____ most famous of British polar explorers, was born ____ Devonport, Britain ____ 1868. Because he had failed ____ reach the South Pole in 1908, Scott decided ____ make a second attempt. When Scott had chosen 40 men to take part in _____ expedition, his ship, the Terra Nova, set off ______ Plymouth. After they had picked up supplies in New Zealand, the Terra Nova reached Antarctica _____ 1st November 1911 and the men made their base. Scott then asked four men to accompany him on the final part _____ his journey. One of the four men, Edward Wilson, had been ______ him on this first expedition. _____ five men finally set off for the Pole after bad weather and illness had delayed them _____ two months. ____ 16th January 1912, when they got to the Pole, they found ____ Norwegian flag there. Scott ´s great rival, Roald Amundsen, had arrived a month before them. Tragically, Scott and his companions hadn’t taken enough food for their return journey to the Terra Nova _____ all five men died. 35) Dear Georgina, I am just writing to let you know when we’ll be arriving(1)______ Thursday. I think the plane gets in (2) _____ about 11:30 from Zurich. You don’t have to pick me up (3)______ the airport, I think I will be able to make my own way . If all (4)______ well, I´ll be arriving (5)______ your house at about 12:30. I will have been flying for about 4 hours , so I suppose I ´ll (6) ______ feeling quite tired. I don’t think I will (7)_______ anything to eat , so please don’t (9)_______ one of your big meals or anything. Other news?, I’ve still have that terrible headache. I will have to go (10)_______ the doctor if this headache continues. It always starts to bother me (11)_______ Spring. I certainly won{t go to work tomorrow if I (12)________ feel better. See you in a couple of days, Lots of love, Jane 36) NIKE Nike is an American manufacturer of sports clothes and shoes, 1__________ has become vey fashionable, particularly with young people. Nike, 2__________is pronounced “nikey”, is the goddess victory in Greek mythology. Nike, ________ sat at the side 3_________ Zeus, was usually represented as 4_______ winged figure. Caroline Davidson , 5_______ graphic design student at Portland State University, was commissioned to design 6_______ Nike “swoosh” logo 7_______ now appears on every pair of Nike shoes. The Nike logo , for 8_______ Caroline was paid only 35 dollars, captures the spirit of the goddess 9_________ inspired the most courageous Greek warriors. Nike is the twentieth century footwear 10________ helps the world’s greatest athletes win new victories . 37)ELSA SCHIAPARELLI (1896-1973) The innovation of a top fashion designer can greatly influence the public's taste 1……. Dress .Elsa Schiaparelli was a French designer 2………. ideas shocked the fashion world of the 1930s. Today she is mainly remembered for 3…………. the padded shoulder popular and introducing the fashion world the colour 'shocking pink'. Schiaparelli was Italian 4…….. birth, but attended French, Swiss and English schools before working in the United States. In 1920 she went to Paris 5…….. she made friends with Salvador Dali, Jean Cocteau and other surrealist artists 6……….. influenced the design of the clothes she made for herself. As a result of wearing 7………. own striking black and white sweaters, Schiaparelli began 8……….. orders from an American store. In 1929 the store's managers were 9……. impressed that they decided to set her in business. Soon she 10……. able to expand into jewellery, perfume, cosmetics, lingerie and swimsuits and to commission her artist friends to create further fashion ideas. After the war, it was not clear 11……. was going to happen to the fashion industry. But by 1947 Schiaparelli and others re-established Paris as the heart of the fashion world. She continued to spread the city's fashions across the world on a large commercial scale 12……..her death in 1973. 38) ISABELLA BEETON Isabella Beeton, who was born in London in 1836, is the most famous British woman cookery writer. She was well educated and finished 1……… education in Heidelberg, 2…….. she learnt French and German. In 1856 she married Sam Beeton, an enterprising young publisher, and the following year 3………contributing a column on various household matters to his 'The English woman's Domestic Magazine'. 4……… was the first of the cheap women's magazines. It pioneered the problem page and medical columns, and introduced dress-making patterns 5…… France to British readers. 6…… she was only 23 she edited 'Beeton's Book of Household Management'. This was an immense work, containing more 7……. 3,000 recipes as well as advice on instructing servants, nursing, legal matters, good manners and bringing 8…….. babies. Many of the recipes 9………contributed by the readers of 'The English Woman's Domestic Magazine' and others were simply taken 10….. previous cookery writers. 39) WOMEN IN HISTORY Is the history of the world in urgent need of correction? Some historians, mostly women, argue that insufficient 1……… has been paid to a very important group: women. These historians 2……… history textbooks to be revised so that they show accurately the role 3…………. by women. 4………… the history books, cavemen 5.............. most of the food for their families through hunting animals. But the 6……….. shows that 80% of the diet of prehistoric humans was vegetarian and it was collected by females.7…….. women's efforts in fighting in wars or leading revolutions have been ignored. Textbooks concentrate on men such as Hannibal or Che Guevara and neglect 8………..women such as Théroigne de Méricourt, an opera singer who led the storming of the Bastille in 1789, or Mariya Bochkareva, a Bolshevik who organised a well-trained and 9…………. successful troop of 2,000 fighting women during the Russian revolution in 1917. Women rulers are also forgotten. Between 962 and 1582 there were at least 16 women rulers in countries 10 ………… from Italy to Angola. Women 11 ………… up half the human 12………… . If there is no 13 ………to their contribution to history in the textbooks, then the real story is not being told. However many male historians 14 ……….. that important female figures have been kept 15 ……….the history books   1:John's tooth was very___________ so he has to go to the dentist. PAIN 2: I like that shop assistant. She's very__________ . HELP 3: I had to handle the machine carefully, as it was very ______________ . BREAK 4: Jen was eating a very ______________ apple and obviously enjoying it. CRUNCH 5: Don't forget to ______________ your shoelaces before taking them off. TIE 6: I wasn't very happy with the hotel we were staying in. In fact I was very ___________ . SATISFY 7: I asked Martin to _______________ my pencil for me. SHARP 8: He gave us a great deal of ____________ before the exam. ENCOURAGE 9: That is a terrible song. It is completely ___________ . TUNE 10: What a __________ shirt! Green, yellow and purple! COLOUR 11. I'm afraid that your behavior is just not _____________ . ACCEPT 12. There's a mistake on the bill. I think they have __________ us for the wine. It can't have cost ?40! CHARGE 13: It's most _____________ to try and cook a whole chicken on the barbecue. PRACTICAL 14: Have you seen that old film "The _________ of the Long-distance Runner"? LONELY 15: He had ___________ in following the thread of the argument and so lost all interest in what was going on. DIFFICULT 16: Your place at the university is ______________ on your getting a band 7 in your IELTS. CONDITION 17: Many young people today have a much higher ______________ income than their parents had. DISPOSE 18: Although it wasn't all his fault, I do think he is ______________ to blame. PART 19: This latest energy report highlights the total _____________ of our oil reserves. ADEQUATE 20: There was a _____________ about the timing of the lecture and a number of students failed to turn up at the right time. UNDERSTAND 21 Food Production In the not-too-distant past farm animals were able to live (0) NATURAL NATURE lives in what we would now term 'free-range' conditions. Such farming methods however, were not able to supply the rapidly growing (1) ............ POPULATE of the world and the increasing demands on food(2) ................ CONSUME In order to cope with this rising demand, factory farming methods were introduced along with the (3) ................... DEVELOP of genetically engineered (4) ............................ hormones, which GROW resulted in a massive increase in food (5) ......................... PRODUCE However, these developments in the use of factory farming and drug (6) ........................... have led to a widespread TREAT feeling that animals are being caused a lot of distress and that the quality of the food itself suffers as a consequence. Certainly, many people (7) ..................... with the idea AGREE of keeping animals in one building for their entire (8) ........................... EXIST and argue that more emphasis should be given to (9) ... ........................ ALTERNATE farming methods. A growing number of people are choosing to eat organic food, supporting farmers who use free-range methods, a system which has proved to be both (10) ......................... and more humane. ECONOMY 22. SURVIVAL The weather made their progress (0) ..impossible.. As it POSSIBLE had been raining (1) …................... all night they had to HEAVY be very (2) ….................. as they walked through the CARE thick jungle. Their good (3) .............… would help JUDGE them overcome the (4) ..................… and get back to SET civilization with only minor injuries. Although things were (5) ….................. they had to be BEARABLE (6) …............... because it was the only way they could OPTIMIST help each other through this difficult situation. Their (7) ….............. , chosen for his knowledge, would help LEAD them in every way. The (8) .................… of this training IMPORTANT was to (9) .................… them for the special task ahead HARD of them. However, they had never imagined how (10) ..............… DANGER it would turn out to be. 23 SQUASHED DOG STORIES Newspapers have a (01)................... for what the French call "squashed dog" stories. In England, they are "goldfish emerging from bathroom tap" stories. Such stories run under the "Man Bites Dog" (02)................... . From France comes the story of an (03)................... savage attack on an old man near Calais carried out by a swarm of bees. The scenario might have pleased Hitchcock. The victim was (04)................... himself in his garden at the time. The firemen were called but were driven back into their van by the (05)................... of the insects. After 45 minutes someone arrived with (06)................... clothing and (07)................... . By then the man sitting in the deck chair was dead, covered in hundreds of stings, most of them on his eyelids. The French liked the story from London about grafting a pig's kidneys on to a human patient. They went for the animal rights angle. They like the idea of putting a (08)................... ring round the hospital to repel people who are intent on rescuing the pig from (09)................... . From London, too, came the story of the brown paper parcel in London's main parcel sorting office, a parcel which moved. Packages do not normally move very quickly through the post office at the best of times, but this one was definitely frisky. A lady customs officer was summoned to X-ray the package. The X-ray revealed a (10)................... reptile called a gila monster wrapped in a sock. The subsequent police trail led to a salesman in Hampshire whose back bedroom was filled with rattlesnakes, lethal lizards, snapping turtles and a python, most of which he had sent himself through the post. 01. fond 02. head 03. except 04. sun 05. fierce 06. protect 07. insect 08. secure 09. member 10. poison 24. A WASTE OF GOOD EARTH  In the middle of Wales is the village of Lackerpandy. It has a population of 4,500. The village is rather scattered. It spreads over eight kilometres in each (01).................. But, conveniently, especially for its 4,500 (02).................. , it has 13 graveyards. Twelve of these are empty. The (03).................. is the (04).................. burying ground for Lackerpandy's people. The graveyards - that is, the empty graveyards - have a total area of over 500 acres, You could grow a lot of potatoes on 500 acres, as one of Lackerpandy's citizens explained. It appears, as a result of a government (05).................. , that the new graveyards were financed by the village council. Most of the work was done by a local (06).................., a friend of the mayor, and a private building (07).................. . Speaking to the (08).................. of the (09).................. committee, Mr Dai Jones, the new mayor, provided an (10).................. . He said that the old mayor, Mr Tommy Davis, had a serious problem. He said, "Mr Davis was very worried about his own death. And so, whenever a new cemetery was suggested, he just couldn't say no." 01. direct 02. inhabit 03. thirteen 04. tradition 05. investigate 06. business 07. contract 08. law 09. inquire 10. explain 25. PARLIAMENT Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The third part of the (01) ...................... is the Monarchy, which is of (02) ................... (03) ...................... only. The Lords are not elected. A member of the House of Lords can inherit his position, or he can be made a member, appointed for his service to the State. The members of the House of Lords receive no salary for their (04) ...................... work. However, they receive travelling expenses from their homes to Westminster, together with an (05) ...................... (06) ...................... . The House of Commons is a (07) ...................... (08)...................... elected by everyone over the age of 18. Members receive a salary for their work, and are elected. The Commons is presided over by the Speaker who is elected by the members immediately after a new Parliament is formed. English politics have been dominated by two parties: the Conservative, or Tory, party, and the Socialist, or Labour, party. The small Liberal party also has quite a lot of popularity. However, as England does not have proportional (09) ...................... , small parties are not very (10)...................... 01. govern 02. symbol 03. signify 04. parliament 05. attend 06. allow 07. represent 08. assemble 09. represent 10. succeed 26 PIGEON POWER Tom Jones, a psychologist, reports a new role for pigeons. Asked by a pharmaceutical company to measure the effects of drugs on animal behaviour, Jones noticed one day that some 70 women were employed to check flawed capsules. "That is a job any pigeon could do," he said, because he knew about the pigeon's learning (01)............................ . On (02)............................ , capsules left the (03)............................ line. There, Jones arranged for a bright, narrow beam of light to pass through them. If a capsule was perfect, the light showed a single spot; if it was (04)............................ , the light showed a double spot. In their training, two pigeons were rewarded with food every time they correctly identified a wrong capsule. The experiment worked. A (05)............................ belt carried the capsules as fast as two a second past the pigeon (06)............................ , who achieved 99 per cent success within a week. But the company rejected (07)............................ of the pigeons on a permanent basis. They feared (08)............................ that might be bad: The public might think pigeons were not as (09)............................ as humans. "A main obstacle to progress," commented Jones sadly, " remains man's obstinate belief in his (10)............................ over other creatures." 01. able 02. complete 03. produce 04. perfect 05. convey 06. inspect 07. employ 08. public 09. rely 10. superior 27. MEMORIES I will never forget the most (0) ..wonderful…moment in our career WONDER when we were given the highest score for our (1) …............... PERFORM in the ice-skating championship (2) …............ at Helsinki. COMPETE We received the (3) …............ score of nine marks BELIEVABLE of 6.0, which was the maximum score that could be given. The (4) …................. of time that we had spent practicing LONG our dance routine finally paid off. The (5) ….............. that DIFFICULT we had found with some of the (6) …............... pieces we MUSIC had chosen was soon overcome and becoming (7) …............ FAME was only a matter of time. Those were the (8) …............ days of being young and EXCITE (9) ...........… about everything and having the feeling that OPTIMISM our (10) …........... would never lessen. POPULAR 28. WORD BUILDING 1 For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer 1. Long is an adjective. What is the 4. ‘Safe’ is an adjective, what is its related verb? related noun? a. longing a. safely b. lengthen b. safer c. longthen c. safety d. longering d. safeness 2. What is the opposite of 'resistible'? 5. What is the opposite of ‘tolerant’? a. unresistible a. imtolerant b. irresistible b. untolerant c. disresistible c. distolerant d. inresistible d. intolerant 3. What is the opposite of ‘patient’? 6. What's the opposite of 'perfect'? a. impatient a. unperfect b. inpatient b. inperfect c. unpatient c. imperfect d. dispatient d. deperfect 29. WORD BUILDING 2 For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer. 1. Which form of ‘walk’ starts this sentence? "________ is good for you." a. To walk b. Walk c. Walking d. Walked 2. Make a new word from ‘economy’ to fill the space. "My new car is more ________ than my last one." a. economical b. Economic c. Economise d. economics 3. If something is edible, it can be ________. a. carried b. Drunk c. thrown away d. eaten 4. If you are a co-pilot, you fly the plane together with the pilot. Which of the following uses of ‘co’ is wrong? a. Co-author b. Co-partner c. Co-owner d. Co-worker 5. The Internet is an amazing ________. a. invent b. inventor c. invention d. inventive 6. What is a synonym of rude? a. inpolite b. dispolite c. unpolited. d impolite 30) Dreaming of Fame When I was a child I dreamt of becoming _famous____. (0) FAME The trouble was that I wasn’t very __________ (1) MUSIC So I didn’t have much chance of becoming a pop star. I’m absolutely__________ at most sports so it was (2) USE obvious that I wasn’t going to have much___________ (3) SUCCEED with that either. I used to become one of the _________ (4) ACT in our college drama group. I don’t mind rehearsing but I get really __________ whenever I have to perform. (5) NERVE Everyone says it’s really __________ to watch me. (6) PAIN I go all red in the face and I forget my lines. It really is pretty __________ . I don’t think I’ve got much of (7) HOPE a chance of becoming a _____________ actor either. (8) PROFESSION I´ll just have to live with being completely_________ (9) KNOW 31) Michael Jordan’s recent (0)------------------ to retire from basketball 0.DECIDE to take up a career in baseball is a (1) -----------------for sport. 1.TRAGIC Considered as the best (2) ------------------- of all time, Jordan helped win 2.PLAY the college(3) -----------------in 1993, at the age of 20. His impressive 3.CHAMPION medal (4) ------------------------- includes two Olympic golds. His 4.COLLECT (5)--------------------- as a top scorer and arch- 5.SUCCEED (6)------------------------- is legendary. 6.COMPETE Taking every (7) ---------------------- that presents itself he has the 7.OPPORTUNE seeming (8) ---------------------to fly win the ball from opponent 8.ABLE 30cm more in (9) ----------------------. For this he earned his nickname 9.HIGH Air Jordan. His personal (10) -------------------- is immense and his 10.WEALTHY (11)------------------- at not winning the league title a thing of the 11.DISAPOINT past. Perhaps he thought it was (12) -------------- and this made him 12.BORED quit after leading the Chicago Bulls to three successive victories. 32-My mother was such an --------------- person, always busy, always in a hurry Energy 33-I made a stupid --------------- and so things didn’t turn out as I planned. Calculate 34-I`d like to do it --------------------- this time. I hope you don’t mind. Different 35-There is one important ------------------- between Sean and Katie. They both really enjoy discussing politics. Similar 36-If you ate more -----------, you wouldn’t have all these problems with your skin. Health 37-I want to be an important -------------------- when I grow up . Science 38-It is almost impossible to actually measure ---------------- Intelligent. 39-He is ---------------- at mending things. I`ll just have to do it myself. Use 40-I have never felt such ----------------, though I was going to faint. Terrified 41-Just because it is a ----------------- problem, it does not make it any easy to live with. Psychology 42- She always has this terrible ---------------- attacks, just before an exam. Anxious 43- You shouldn’t be --------------------- of this dog. He’s very friendly. Fright 44-In one ----------------- I was in, the star of the show fell off the stage. Produce 45-She’s a very experienced -----------------. She has been doing it for years. Perform 46-He is a ------------------ football player and has been one for years. Profession 47- It was so cold and we didn’t have any blankets so we ----------------- at night. Freeze 48-The --------------- of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened. Destroy 49-If we don’t send food , there will be ---------------- on a massive scale. Starve 50-We need to find a ------------------ to the problem before things get seriously out of hand. Solve 51-There was a ------------------- of 100,000 in the center of London today. Demonstrate 52-It is shocking that 10% of the population live below the ---------------- line. Poor 53-Some of the most beautiful Indian tigers are facing --------------------- Extinct 54-If the ---------------- gets any worse, I’m going to move to the country. Pollute 55-I believe the ----------------- of the planet is worth fighting for. Survive 56------------------ is not necessarily something that comes with age. Wise 57) I always wanted to be a great (1) ------------------------ Science I had these dreams of discovering a (2) -------------------- Revolution new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately, I was never very good at (3)------------------ at school and I kept producing Chemist these horrible smells and the teacher used to get very cross with me .After a while, I decided I would become an (4)-------------------- and design an amazing new Invent (5)--------------------- which would become a household Produce name. My parents were quite encouraging, but told me to be a little more (6)------------------- and not Real quite so (7)--------------------. A few weeks later I had Ambition a brilliant idea for a pen that, at least (8)-----------------, would write upside down. To my Theory (9)------------------ a friend of mine pointed out that Disappoint it was not a new (10)-----------------------. Discover 58) I get a lot of (1)------------------- from my job. Advertising Satisfy can be very (2)--------------------- because you have to think of Create new ways to attract people’s (3)--------------- . The best Attend way to do this is by surprising them. (4)---------------- is Familiar boring and people soon get fed up with an (5)----------------- Advertise they have seen many times before. (6)------------------ they Conscious want to be shocked. Apart from (7) ----------------, the other Original really important (8) ------------------ of a good campaign is Character (9)------------------. After all if people don’t remember what Memorable was being advertised, they won’t buy the (10)------------------- Produce 59) You don’t have to be a (1)--------------- person to take Compete part in (2)---------------, though you do need to be fairly Athlete (3)---------------- and reasonably fit. You can build up fitness Energy by jogging. It’s not the (4)------------- that matters, but how Distant long you jog for. You can improve your(5)---------------- Perform gradually over a period of weeks. In (6)-------------- for a Prepare long race like a marathon it’s (7)---------------- to run more Necessary than a couple of kilometers most days. (8)-------------- Success marathon runners work on the (9)---------------- aspects of Psychology running long races. Mental (10)------------------- is just as Strong important as being physically fit. LINKING WORDS therefore finally despite as a result/consequence what's more so to sum up however in spite of furthermore although consequently even though since moreover not only ..., but ... also Linkers, also called transition words or adverbial conjunctions, can be used to begin sentences. Put a comma after most linkers (except Then). Linkers follow a period with a capital letter: She doesn't type very fast. In addition, she can't spell. She works fast. Consequently, she finishes early. or they can follow a semi-colon with a small letter: She doesn't type very fast; in addition, she can't spell. She works fast; consequently, she finishes early. Remember: a period or semi-colon before the linker--a comma after the linker! Here are some sentences showing how to use 64 common linkers: talking about the present time 1. These days, computers are available in most public schools and libraries. 2. Nowadays, women get heart attacks almost as often as men do. 3. In this day and age, technology is present in every facet of our life. 4. Currently, the economy is strong. 5. At the present time, the President is facing political difficulties. talking about the historic past 6. A long time ago, there were no computers in schools. 7. In former times, people went to the river to get drinking water. 8. Formerly, slaves did much of the work in this country. 9. In the old days, kings and princes ruled people's lives. giving additional examples and reasons 10. He's too weak to do heavy labor. In addition, his memory is failing him. 11. I think he's a boring teacher. What's more, he doesn't know his subject. 12. I don't have time to read Shakespeare. Besides, I don't understand him. 13. She's always late for work. Besides this, she loses important files. 14. The school doesn't have money for books. Furthermore, the building is old. 15. I am too busy to help you. Moreover, I think you can do it by yourself. 16. She's smart and beautiful. On top of that, she's kind and considerate. giving the truth 17. I don't like little Ricky. To tell the truth, I think he's a monster. 18. He says he's a vegetarian. In fact, he eats seafood on occasion. 19. He calls himself a "professor." Actually, he's only a teaching assistant! giving information which is against normal expectation 20. His liver was in bad shape. That notwithstanding, he continued to drink. 21. He loved her very much. However, he didn't ask her to marry him. 22. She hated him. Even so, she accepted all of his dinner invitations. 23. The boy got F's on all his exams. All the same, the teacher passed him. 24. I wasn't hungry. Still, I had dinner with the family and ate a lot. 25. I hated that job with a passion. Nevertheless, I stayed for ten years. 26. She spent hours in the hot kitchen. Regardless, he didn't touch her food. giving the bright side or the sad side 27. She was hit by a car. Fortunately, she wasn't killed. 28. He lost his house in the hurricane. Happily, his whole family survived. 29. She inherited a million dollars. Unfortunately, she invested the money badly. 30. He did everything to make her happy. Sadly, she never grew to love him. showing consistencies and similarities 31. He worked hard to make his wife happy. Likewise, she took good care of him. 32. He treated his workers well. In the same way, he did everything for his kids. 33. The lady was an angel. Similarly, her husband helped the poor in their town. showing inconsistencies or dissimilarities 34. He was handsome and smart. On the other hand, he dressed very badly. 35. Falcons fly 200 miles per hour. In contrast, ostriches can't fly at all. stating what is clearly true or probably true 36. He sang and danced on his way to work. Obviously, he liked his job. 37. He always took his kids to the park. Undoubtedly, he loved them a lot. 38. He gave vacation time and sick leave. Surely, his workers appreciated it. 39. He was invited to all the parties. Indeed, he was quite popular. 40. He kept closing his eyes while I was speaking. Apparently, he hadn't slept well. 41. He couldn't recognize his friends. Possibly, he had Alzheimer's disease. showing a direct result 42. We were tired and hungry. Therefore, we stopped to rest and eat lunch. 43. He went out dancing every week night. Consequently, he failed his class. 44. He studied hard and did all his homework. Thus, he got A's most of the time. 45. He worked seven days a week, twenty hours a day. As a result, he got sick. Larry and Harry (46) On reflection, I really loved Larry a lot, but I knew I shouldn't keep going out with him! (47) First of all, he cursed and swore all the time, on the street and even in church! (48) Secondly, he dressed like a child, in torn, dirty jeans. (49) At first, I though he was youthful and free-spirited. (50) Then I realized that he was just immature. (51) Next, I found out that he still lived with his mother. (52) Later, I found out that he didn't have a job. (52) After this, somebody told me that he lived on money that his dead father had left him. (53) Following this, I had a talk with him and told him to stop calling me. (54) Afterwards, he called me a few times, but I always hung up the phone. (55) Soon he gave up and stopped calling me. (56) Finally, I was rid of him, but I wasn't happy. (57) Gradually, I got used to being without him even though I missed him. (58) Little by little, I started going out to meet other people. (59) After a while, I met some really nice guys at parties. (60) After some time, I began dating men again. (61) Eventually, I met Harold, who is my present husband. We’ve been happy for twelve years. (62) Hopefully, my daughter will meet somebody who is funny and free-spirited like Larry was. (63) With any luck, he will also be responsible and considerate like her father is. (64) In the future, I will be ready to give her a mother's advice when she starts dating men. Linking Words and Phrases Most pieces of formal writing are organized in a similar way: introduction; development of main ideas or arguments; conclusion. Linking words and phrases join clauses, sentences and paragraphs together. Connectives The main linking words and phrases are grouped below according to the similarity of their meaning to the three basic connectives and, or, but. Some can be used to link paragraphs and others can only be used to link ideas within a paragraph. 1 enumeration (points in order) a) listing  2 addition reinforcement , comparison b) transition (leads to a new stage) c )summary (gives a summary or conclusion) d) reference (refers to what was said before) e) example f )result (the consequence of what was said before) g ) place (refers to things in or outside the document) h) time (refers to other studies) i )reformulation (expresses something in another way) j )replacement (expresses an alternative) k )contrast (presents a different view) l) concession (agrees that something is good, with limitations) 1. and a) Listing 1 Enumeration indicates a cataloguing of what is being said. Most lists use clearly defined groups of words: etc. first and most importantly order etc. first, furthermore, finally, above all one a second a third last but not least mark the end of an first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), ascending order to begin/start with, first and foremost mark the beginning of a descending in the second place, moreover, to conclude, 2. Addition to what has been previously indicated. i. Reinforcement (includes confirmation): above all indeed besides particularly actually in addition especially specifically additionally moreover further then again not only . . . but also . . . furthermore too also notably as well (as) obviously what is more ii. Comparison (similarity to what has preceded): b. Transition (can lead to a new stage in the sequence of thought): often used when discussing something briefly c. Summary (a generalization or summing up of what has preceded): also in the same way as for both . . . and . . . likewise as to correspondingly similarly altogether then equally too hence therefore now in brief thus regarding in conclusion to conclude turning to in short to sum up with respect/regard to overall to summarize d. Reference (refers back to previous sentences): e. Example: f. Result (expresses the consequence or result from what is implicit in the preceding sentence or sentences): g. Place: and mainly as a result so as follows mostly as a consequence so that chiefly namely because of the consequence is for instance notably consequently the result is for example or for this/that reason then in other words particularly hence therefore in particular such as in order that thus including that is above in front for example adjacent in the background for instance at the side in the foreground such as behind there to illustrate below to the left as an illustration elsewhere to the right to demonstrate here accordingly now h. Time: 2. or i. Reformulation (expresses something in another way): j. Replacement (expresses an alternative to what has preceded): after a while now meanwhile afterwards once better at last presently in other words at that time previously in that case at the same time shortly rather before simultaneously that is currently since that is to say earlier soon to put it (more) simply eventually subsequently again finally then alternatively formerly thereafter another possibility would be in the meantime until better/worse still in the past until now on the other hand initially whenever rather later while the alternative is Exercise Can you insert appropriate transitional words in the following sentences? In the first exercise the category of transitional word is given. In the second exercise you will have to decide which category is most appropriate. by (way of) contrast conversely although no doubt in comparison although this may be true nonetheless in fact at the same time notwithstanding in reality besides only instead despite still on the contrary doubtless under certain circumstances (on the one hand) . . . on the other hand . . . even if/though up to a point then even so while admittedly in spite of however yet after all naturally all the same nevertheless A. Our state’s correctional system is plagued with problems. (a) _________, high (example) officials increase their personal wealth by awarding building and catering contracts to disreputable companies in return for bribes. (b) ___________, promotions within the (addition) system are made on the basis of politics, not merit. (c) __________, the system is filled (result) with people at the top who know little about what they are doing. (d) __________, (addition) careless security measures, allowing trusted inmates to control certain operations of the institution, are part of the growing problem. But one increasing tendency in particular is doing harm to the system’s image and efficiency. This is the tendency of officials who are charged with important tasks and who make faulty decisions to cover up their mistakes. (e) __________, one would think that amid all the strife some effort (conclusion) would be made to rectify these problems, but a seemingly dogged determination to resist change overshadows the system. B. Genetic screening in business, or testing the genes of employees to see if they are susceptible to workplace-related diseases, may present problems for the tested. (a) __________, the genetic screening tests and technology in general are in their infancy stages. (b) __________, many physicians and health professionals doubt their reliability. (c) ___________, once genetic information is recorded on employees, it cannot always be kept secret. Even though employers are assured that their medical files are confidential, clerical staff have access to them. (d) __________, if they are entered into a computer data base, they are available to anyone with access. (e) __________, some argue that such screening procedures are violations of personal rights. (f) __________, many cite similarities between genetic screening and drug testing, noting that both involve a process of obtaining information from unwilling individuals that might affect them adversely. Opponents of genetic screening point out that some employees with the potential for workplace diseases would rather run the risk than lose their jobs.  Multiple-choice gap-filling: Read the text below and choose from the menus the suitable answer. Then check your answers. The first alternative [ character - credit - fame - reputation ] is already done for you. 1) ENGLISH SPELLING Why does English spelling have a 0..reputation for being so difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon 1…… They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sounds of Anglo-Saxon 2……as they heard it. However, English has a 3... range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin. The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to 4... the different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined. With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put 5…. risk. English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French 6…, and many French words were 7…. into the language. The result was more irregularity. When the printing press was 8.. in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages. They 9… little effort to respect English spelling. Although one of the short-term 10…of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long term it created fixed spellings. People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way. Rules were11…., and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could 12…. to. 1. a. ages b. centuries c. times d. years. 2. a. chat b. communication c. discussion d. speech 3. a. deeper b. longer c. thicker d. wider 4. a. explain b. express c. perform d. tell 5. a. at b. in c. on d. under 6. a. guides b. patterns c. plans d. types 7. a. announced b. found c. introduced d. started 8. a. discovered b. invented c. made up d. taken in 9. a. brought b. did c. made d. put 10. a. actions b. conclusions c. effects d. meanings 11. a. drawn up b. filled in c. got across d. handed out 12. a. check b. look c. refer d. see 2) Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), better known by the pen name Mark Twain, is best (1) ……..for his keen social observation and as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The (2) ………became a landmark in the history of American literature. The book first (3) ……..in 1885. Although it has been (4) ……..popular with young readers and taken as a (5) ………. to the earlier Tom Sawyer, it has also (6) ……… the attention of serious literary critics. Based in the mid 1800s, the novel often (7) ……..with deeply rooted attitudes, (8) ………. racism, of the time. Immediately after its publication the book became controversial and has remained (9) ……..up to the present. It has been (10) ………from the sections for children of several libraries and removed from reading lists and school programs because of its alleged racism. However, its defenders claim that the (11) ………of the book is anti-racist, (12) ……….to its satirical nature. 1) A remembered B famous C reminded D awarded 2) A last B latter C latest D second 3) A appeared B published C sold D printed 4) A absolutely B ordinary C truly D totally 5) A story B sequel C part D follow 6) A attracted B applied C pulled D amazed 7) A describes B focuses C disapproves D deals 8) A strongly B hardly C particularly D solely 9) A such B as C that D so 10) A excluded B forbidden C extracted D misplaced 11) A plot B chapter C plan D action 12) A showing B relating C referring D regarding 3) Environmental Concerns Earth is the only (0) .planet.. we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) ... human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) ... on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) ... to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (4) ... resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5) ... built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (6) ... We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (7) ... the planet's ability to support people is being (8) ... at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (9) ... increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's (10) ... resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (11) ... us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will (12) ... indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer. 1 . a. Although b. Still c. Yet d. Despite 2. a. continues b. repeats c. carries d. follows 3. a. already b. just c. for d. entirely 4. a. alone b. individual c. lone d. only 5. a. sooner b. neither c. either d. rather 6. a. quite b. greatly c. utterly d. completely 7. a. development b. result c. reaction d. product 8. a. stopped b. narrowed c. reduced d. cut 9. a. doing b. having c. taking d. making 10 a. natural b. real c. living d. genuine 11 a. hold b. maintain c. stay d. keep 12 a. last b. stand c. go d. remain 4). Write the Perfect Crime Novel Most people are born with the natural ability to (0) .write.. stories, but only a rare few have the determination to become professional authors, and even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (1) ... of bestselling books. Some of the world's famous crime writers have achieved the (2) ... success of all. Who can (3) ... the appeal of famous detectives like Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven't read the (4) ... books you will have seen them in films or on the TV. If you have an ambition to become the (5) ... Agatha Christie what should you do? The best starting (6) ... is to read lots of examples of crime fiction written by good authors. You will need a notebook to carry around with you or, (7) ... better, some loose (8) ... of paper that you can (9) ... notes on and then file into a folder. After all, the most everyday situation - for example, watching a woman get (10) ... a train - may be the (11) ... for your first bestseller. Like any good recipe you have to know the main (12) ... of a successful novel. These are: an original story, strong characters and a memorable setting. 1. a. queue b. list c. row d. line 2. a. largest b. greatest c. highest d. prime 3. a. deny b. refuse c. insist d. hide 4. a. first b. initial c. early d. original 5. a. next b. following c. subsequent d. later 6. a. spot b. tip c. point d. mark 7. a. even b. still c. very d. so 8. a. strips b. sheets c. layers d. pieces 9. a. complete b. do c. fill d. make 10. a. out b. down c. off d. from 11. a. notion b. idea c. invention d. inspiration 12. a. parts b. ingredients c. pieces d. sections 4) No More Classes The use (0) ... computers has meant students can study language programmes (1) ... their own speed when and for how long they want - and no need to worry about the teacher having a favourite or doing (2) ... another boring lesson. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the student will (3) ... on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their class, take the books they need off the shelf and (4) ... conversations with other computerised students. They might (5) ... choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the restaurant. At the (6) ... of a button they would be transported to (7) ... realistic settings where they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand (8) ... a virtual English companion. All this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (9) ... to catch the bus to college, or a plane to England. Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it ever (10) ... the classroom? Hopefully not. (11) ... the need to relate to real people talking about real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to (12) ... at least a little of their time with real people. 1. a. with b. for c. at d. in 2. a. still b. for c. yet d. already 3. a. place b. put c. set d. get 4. a. take b. do c. catch d. hold 5. a. although b. preferably c. instead d. contrary 6. a. force b. hit c. depress d. push 7. a. so b. such c. like d. alike 8. a. with b. to c. from d. for 9. a. role b. duty c. obligation d. need 10. a. replace b. restore c. succeed d. recover 11. a. definitely b. mainly c. totally d. surely 12 . a. spend b. make c. have d. do 5) OLYMPIC SCANDAL: Scandal has haunted the Olympic Games in modern times. At the very first Games, an Englishman called Flack (01)............................ off briskly in front of the (02)............................ in the marathon. He was (03)............................ by his butler on a bicycle.. When they neared Athens, he (04)............................ the butler back to (05)............................ who was behind him. The butler went back about a mile but found nobody. He rode back to Flack and said, "There's nobody. You can win this thing on your head." Then soon after, (06)............................ ran one Greek, then another, and another, and another. They were full of running. Perhaps Flack took a long (07)............................ round? At the next Marathon, in 1900, in Paris, the winner was a Frenchman who worked as a baker's roundsman. It was (08)............................ suspected that he was able to take numerous short (09)............................ because of his experience delivering bread in the area. Four years later, the Games were held in St Louis, in the USA. This (10)............................ suspicions were proved, and the scandal great. The American runner who finished first in the marathon was discovered to have accepted a (11)............................ from a car. He was disqualified. It is not so much the scandals and disputes of recent years that have (12)............................ the Games. It is their sheer (13)............................ , their excessive cost, their indulgence of national pride. One very sensible suggestion is that future Games should be restricted to individual (14)............................ in which one person clearly wins. All team games would go, and no one would feel any loss at the disappearance of Olympic soccer, a pale (15)............................ of the more professional game. 01. a. paced b. made c. ambled d. set 02. a. group b. participants c. crowd d. field 03. a. served b. serviced c. accompanied d. allied 04. a. sent b. fetched c. brought d. requested 05. a. view b. scan c. look d. see 06. a. up b. round c. by d. to 07. a. path b. road c. way d. distance 08. a. heavily b. seriously c. strongly d. greatly 09. a. ways b. cuts c. routes d. sets 10. a. time b. occasion c. event d. meeting 11. a. lift b. help c. ride d. push 12. a. threatened b. attacked c. discouraged d. loomed over 13. a. grossness b. enormity c. obesity d. largesse 14. a. happenings b. events c. circumstances d. fields 15. a. weakness b. shadow c. image d. effigy 6) INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM The death of Fred Hill was recorded by a (01)........................... article in the Times newspaper. Fred was 74 years old and died in prison. He was in prison for the 32nd time. Why?. (02)........................... for any great crime, but for a reason you may find difficult to understand. You see, Fred was a motorcyclist who (03)........................... to wear a crash helmet. He believed that he was a safer motorcyclist (04)........................... a crash helmet. More importantly, he believed that, right or wrong, the decision to wear a crash helmet was his to (05)........................... . It was not for the State to tell him (06)........................... to do. So Fred went out on his old motorbike with no helmet, over and over again. The police (07)........................... him. They (08)........................... a blind eye when they could. But often they had no choice. And in the court they had no choice (09)........................... to send him to prison because he refused to pay the fines. They usually (10)........................... him 30 days. But the last time, they gave the old man two months. Some way through the sentence, Fred suffered a heart attack and died. Was he heroic? If he was, he was a most unlikely hero. But perhaps we do need someone to (11)........................... out for the little liberties, the sort of (12)........................... which the greater boring mass of "public opinion" considers too silly, too undignified, not worth (13)........................... about. The sort of thing there are no votes in for (14)............................ Fred Hill stood for an individual freedom, which is a freedom to do things that the (15)........................... generally considers to be silly, harmful, immoral or unnecessary. 01. a. main b. editorial c. front d. leading 02. a. Never b. Neither c. None d. Not 03. a. rejected b. refused c. differed d. disagreed 04. a. less b. without c. minus d. except 05. a. do b. settle c. take d. decide 06. a. what b. how c. so d. that 07. a. recognized b. knew c. acquainted d. sympathized 08. a. made b. turned c. closed d. had 09. a. and b. other c. option d. but 10. a. held b. did c. imprisoned d. gave 11. a. look b. see c. be d. make 12. a. thing b. event c. object d. something 13. a. concerning b. bothering c. feeling d. suffering 14. a. someone b. none c. any d. anyone 15. a. public b. people c. other d. commons 7) GOOD MANNERS AND BAD (1)............................. English people will forget to say "Thank you" after (2)............................. , and "Please" after acceptance. It is always "No, thank you" and "Yes, please". If you phone an office, and (3)............................. to speak to Mr Smith, his secretary will say, "Oh, I'm (4)........................... sorry. He's out." It seems to be her fault. She seems to (5)............................. it personally. Typical of English good manners is the typical fictional murderer. The typical American murderer is a killer, a gangster, or a drug-addict. He is the complete outsider, fighting against the (6)............................. of the rest of society. The typical English murderer is completely (7)............................. . He will be a little, (8)............................. man. As far as his work is concerned, he is (9)............................. to be a habitual criminal. He is more likely to belong to the professional classes, perhaps a dentist or a solicitor. He will be completely respectable, and live in the prim and (10)............................. suburbs. The chances are that his house will be semi-detached so that his inquisitive neighbors can hear (11)............................. noises through the wall. He will be a non-drinker, perhaps teetotal. Conservative in politics, he will go to a Protestant church. The (12)............................. for murder will be a guilty passion for his secretary or the wife of a colleague. The person he murders will be his wife, And the murder will not be done on the (13)............................. of the moment. It will be planned to the (14)............................. detail, His motive will be that it is better to murder his wife than to (15)............................. his respectability. 01. a. Little b. Less c. Hardly d. Few 02. a. denial b. rejection c. refusal d. negation 03. a. seek b. will c. desire d. want 04. a. much b. so c. a lot d. highly 05. a. have b. take c. hold d. seize 06. a. whole b. all c. everything d. mass 07. a. separate b. apart c. different d. odd 08. a. usual b. ordinary c. matter-of-fact d. everyday 09. a. unlikely b. unusually c. unexpected d. improbably 10. a. correct b. right c. moral d. proper 11. a. suspicious b. inquisitive c. interesting d. arousing 12. a. why b. cause c. effect d. reason 13. a. thought b. will c. spur d. drive 14. a. most b. last c. end d. greatest 15. a. deprive b. lose c. mislay d. drop 8) THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT But it isn't so (1).................... that marriage is expensive in terms of money, as that it is expensive in terms of life (2).................... , especially when it goes wrong, as it did in the (3).................... of Mr and Mrs Stark. Mrs Stark was given a divorce because of the unreasonable behaviour of her husband. He was (4).................... to have (5).................... up a contract which he forced her to sign. (6).................... some points of view - particularly the point of view of a husband - the contract does not seem to be too bad a (7)..................... In it, Mrs Stark was not allowed to mention the names of her parents or brother in the house. She could only visit her parents twice a month, the cost to be (8).................... from the household budget. She would have to return to the house in (9).................... of time to prepare Mr Stark's evening meal. Her parents could visit her once a month while he was out. If he was in, then they would have to meet somewhere else. Mrs Stark would be allowed £2 a week (10).................... money for her personal use. In the (11).................... of a death in the family, she would be allowed two days (12).................... from the house. She could spend up to five days a year away in the event of family illness. No presents for her parents were to be paid (13).................... from the housekeeping. Mrs Stark was (14).................... a divorce, but Mr. Stark appealed against the decision. It cost him £6,000 in legal fees, much more than it cost him to get married in the first (15).................. " 01. a. often b. great c. much d. hard 02. a. now b. itself c. then d. however 03. a. event b. instance c. time d. case 04. a. said b. considered c. described d. enabled 05. a. made b. written c. done d. drawn 06. a. To b. With c. At d. From 07. a. idea b. thing c. number d. theme 08. a. taken b. met c. earned d. lifted 09.a. best b. most c. plenty d. hours 10. a. as b. for c. in d. to 11. a. cause b. occasion c. event d. happening 12. a. away b. holiday c. leave d. departure 13. a. out b. to c. for d. with 14. a. granted b. awarded c. let d. presented 15. a. time b. example c. point d. place Verb Lists: Infinitives and Gerunds Verbs Followed by an Infinitive She agreed to speak before the game. agree consent have offer shoot aim continue hesitate ought start appear dare hope plan stop arrange decide hurry prefer strive ask deserve intend prepare swear attempt detest leap proceed threaten be able dislike leave promise try beg expect like propose use begin fail long refuse wait care forget love remember want choose get mean say wish condescend happen neglect Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive Everyone expected her to win. advise choose have love remind allow command hire motivate require ask dare instruct order send beg direct invite pay teach bring encourage lead permit tell build expect leave persuade urge buy forbid let prepare want challenge force like promise warn Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above and may be used without an object. Verbs Followed by a Gerund They enjoyed working on the boat. admit delay finish permit resist advise deny forbid postpone resume appreciate detest get through practice risk avoid dislike have quit spend (time) can't help enjoy imagine recall suggest complete escape mind report tolerate consider excuse miss resent waste (time) Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund We concentrated on doing well. admit to depend on plan on approve of disapprove of prevent (someone) from argue about discourage from refrain from believe in dream about succeed in care about feel like talk about complain about forget about think about concentrate on insist on worry about confess to object to http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/verblist.htm Documents Similar To First Certificate Booklet 2Skip carouselcarousel previouscarousel nextLearn ItalianguiaTeoria Reported SpeechClass 10 EnglishTrabalho de inglês sobre discurso direto e indiretoDirect IndirectTeacher Book 4 INtermediatePrecisLanguage Analysis Grammar or Function TemplateTeach Yourself Portuguese Grammar 1lesson planLesson 19past-perf.docxPast TenseTareas Vacacionales 1ero (a 2do Bachillerato)Grammar 1 - English VerbsTheJāNā-passive in the NIA. languagesAnalysing and teachingkeywords in hotel brochure text-LSP J.-2012, 3(1)CausativeSelf Sustainable Net Zero Energy Progessive Health Posts_Centers_Clinicslesson3waterinnorthcarolina 2 Petersen - The Italic Imperfect330313479 Engineering Hydrology Solution Manual 3rd Edition K Subramanyaวลี, อนุประโยค เละประโยคTOEIC StructureTransformation of Sentenceschemistry lesson 5ZFWTI____ZME_PROFILE (1).odtWienerberger Annual Report 2016Be Vocal Choose Local at First Public HearingMore From Alina TeranSkip carouselcarousel previouscarousel nextPresent and PastGrammar PracticePresent and Past ExercisesIBE 1 and 2Linking Words for Written TaskClose Up B1 Students and Workbookf.c.e TIPS & PRACTICEPractice Use of EnglishLOSTse1ep1-4Grammar Review. 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