First Battle of PanipatThe First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading First Battle of Panipat forces of Babur and the Lodi Kingdom. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving Part of Mughal conquests gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.[2] Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 2.1 Advantage of cannons in the battle 2.2 Tactics 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources Background The battle of Panipat and the death of Sultan Ibrāhīm After losing Samarkand for the second time, Babur gave attention to conquer India Date 21 April 1526 as he reached the banks of the Chenab in 1519.[4] Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfil his ancestor Timur's legacy, since it used Location Panipat to be part of his empire.[5] At the time parts of north India were under the rule of (in present-day Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were Haryana, India) many defectors. He received invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, Governor of Punjab 29.39°N 76.97°E and Ala-ud-Din, uncle of Ibrahim.[6] He sent an ambassador to Ibrahim, claiming Result Decisive Mughal himself the rightful heir to the throne of the country, however the ambassador was Victory detained at Lahore and released months later.[7] End of the Lodi dynasty Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been Establishment of the driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi.[8] When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Mughal Empire Lodi army marched out and his army was routed.[8] In response, Babur burned Territorial Delhi Sultanate Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel changes annexed by Mughals uncle of Lodi's, as governor.[8] Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Belligerents Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Babur Lodi dynasty and Lodi at Delhi.[9] He defeated them and drove off Alam's army and Babur realised Afghans Lodhi would not allow him to occupy the Punjab.[9] Commanders and leaders Babur Ibrahim Lodi † Battle Humayun Vikramjit † Chin Timur Khan Ustad Ali Quli as they 1590 were shielded by the bullock carts held in place by hide ropes.[10] Tactics New tactics introduced by Babur were the tulghuma and the araba.000 attack.[3] An illustration to the could be used to easily maneuver the cannons.[3] See also Battle of Khanwa . Asad Malik Hast In the center. The Centre Forward division was The battle of Panipat between the armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi then provided with carts (araba) (1526). Behind them were placed cannons protected and supported by mantlets which Ibrahim Lodi. artillery lethal.[10] Faced with musket fire. The battle of Panipat was militarily a decisive victory. viz. the Left. as they could be maneuvered by the mantlets which were on wheels.000–20. Tulghuma meant dividing the whole army into various units. while digging a trench covered with tree branches to secure his left flank.Hearing of the size of Ibrahim's army. Through this a Babur introduced field guns at small army could be used to Panipat.000 Mughals 100.[3] Many elephants of Ibrahim's troops were unable to get into action. The Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions.000 [1] [3] sides. Babur was invited by Daulat which were placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide Khan Lodi to enter India and defeat ropes. Vikramajit. Aftermath Ibrahim Lodi died on the field of battle along with 15. was killed as well. and initiated a new phase of his establishment of the Mughal empire. c. and fled when the battle turned Casualties and losses against Ibrahim. by Deo Gujarati. cannon fire and cavalry attacks from all Few 15. causing them to trample his own men. 1526 surround the enemy from all sides. firstly because Ibrahim lacked any field artillery. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front. ruler of Gwaliyar. Babur secured his right flank against the city Mustafa Rumi of Panipat. Babur Field artillery 100 war quickly took advantage of the situation to flank (tulghuma) the Lodi army. the Right and the Centre. Between every two carts Raja Sanghar Ali there were breastworks for his matchlockmen.[3] Strength When Ibrahim's army arrived. Babur also ensured there was enough Khan space for his cavalry to charge between these carts. Ibrahim Lodi fought and died with 6. Politically it gained Babur little. he found the approach to Babur's army too narrow to 25. These two tactics made Babur's Vaqi 'at-i Baburi. The cannons could be fired without any fear of being hit. Advantage of cannons in the battle Babur's guns proved decisive in battle. The heavy cannons could also be easily traversed onto new targets.000 of his remaining troops.000 of his troops. but also because the sound of the cannon frightened Ibrahim's elephants. he placed 700 carts tied together with ropes. (Allied Publishing Limited. Paul K. 4. 8.100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present. ISBN 1- 57607-075-1 Satish Chandra. 429. pp. additional terms may apply. you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 10. Chandra 2007. History of medieval India (10th ed. ISBN 8126901233. Romesh C. Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License . Radhey Shyam (2002). 181.org/w/index. 3. (1999). 27–29. 707. p. 183–84) 2. 27.D. pp. Chaurasia. In Mikaberidze. VD Mahajan. Eraly 2007. 16. p. at 17:57. p. "Battles of Panipat". (Davis 1999. S Chand.IIHar-Anand Publications. . History of medieval India (10th ed. Vol. 9. Sources Davis. Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals.). Chand.php?title=First_Battle_of_Panipat&oldid=814248800 " This page was last edited on 7 December 2017.wikipedia. New Delhi: Atlantic Publ. Retrieved from "https://en. 6. p. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia Foundation. 1998). Alexander (ed. Part . to 1707 A. pp. (Har-Anand. Butalia. 2. 2009). 2011). ISBN 9788124110669. Chandra. ISBN 8121903645.)Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. p. S.. 89–90. Oxford University Press. Tim J. 7. (ABC-CLIO.). 27–31. Chandra 2007. Inc. VD Mahajan. By using this site. p. Watts. ISBN 8121903645. Second Battle of Panipat Third Battle of Panipat Battle of Ghaghra which was the last battle Babur fought in India and consolidated his empire References 1. Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals.History of medieval India : from 1000 A. The Evolution of the Artillery in India: From the Battle of Plassey to the Revolt of 1857 . 429. a non-profit organization. Satish. p. 28.D . 5.