Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana cityA Research project Submitted to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar In partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree of Masters In Business Administration Submitted by:-Anterpreet kaur Roll no-1335802 Department of Business Management Punjab College of Technical Education, Ludhiana Session 2013-15 1 CERTIFICATE I This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation entitled “Project on the consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city” submitted for the degree of M.B.A., in the subject of Marketing of the Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, is a bonafide research work carried out by Anterpreet kaur bhangu (university Roll No. 1335804) under my supervision and that no part of this thesis/dissertation has been submitted for any other degree. Anterpreet kaur bhangu 1335802 Major Advisor Mr. Aman Sood Faculty, PCTE 2 CERTIFICATE-II This is to certify that the research project report entitled,:-“ Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city” submitted by Anterpreet kaur bhangu(University Roll number- 1335802) to the Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, in the partial fulfilment of MBA has been approved by the student’s Advisory Committee after the oral examination on the same in the collaboration with the external examiner. Major Advisor External examiner Mr. Aman Sood Faculty, PCTE 3 developed the right kind of attitude and scholastic excellence in me. A mere form of acknowledgement would be demeaning the status of this whole effort. and supervision of the eminent person around me. Apart from this I feel indebted to all faculty members of PCTE. friends and all those persons who made this research project possible. which has had the blessings. Anterpreet kaur bhangu MBA 2013-15 1335802 4 . Last but not the least.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the successful completion of this project inspiration and guidance of many people was involved. especially who have helped. First of all I would like to thank whole-heartedly Almighty God for bestowing me with all favourable circumstances and keeping me in high spirits and I express my sincere thanks to Mr Aman Sood who was there to guide me at every step during the course of this project. I am very thankful to my parents. He gave me tips for the improvement in project whenever required. for their consistent guidance and constructive criticism. Aman sood Name of the college : Punjab College of Technical Education Degree to be awarded : Master of Business Administration Year of award of degree : 2013-2015 Name of the university : Punjab Technical University.Title of the project : Consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city Name of the student : Anterpreet kaur bhangu University roll no : 1335802 Name of the major advisor : Mr. Jalandhar Total pages of the Report : 68 5 . The research design is descriptive and data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Various tools were used to analyze the data.ABSTRACT The study entitled “The consumer awareness towards e-bikes in Ludhiana city”:For doing this major project proper methodology and objectives were set to conduct the survey. The survey was conducted through sampling in the selected city of Punjab. With this study it was analyzed that in Ludhiana people are very much particular about their brand as TV ads also make an impact on buying behaviour Signature of major advisor Signature of student 6 . 1 Research Design 2.2.2 Data Collection 2. E-bike industry in India IV.2 Population 2.2.2.3 Sample Design 2.Table of Contents CHAPTER Title Page Number 1.5 Sampling Technique 3 Review Of literature 38-43 7 . Objective of the Study 2.1 Universe 35-37 2. Company profile V.3 Sample Size 2. Introduction to study History of ebikes in India III.2. Introduction 9-34 I. Research Methodology 2. II. 2 Suggestions 44-59 60-61 5.3 Conclusion 6. 5. Limitation of study 62 7 References 63 8.1Findings 5. Data Interpretation 5. Questionnaire 64-68 8 .4. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT 9 . The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market. awareness comprises a human’s or an animal’s perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event. communicating. to feel. This can be as simple as an on-off switch but is more usually an electronic pulse width modulation control. belt drive. or going to a market to sell goods or services. electric motors and some form of control. Electric two wheelers use the electrical technology of rechargeable battery that converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric bicycles use rechargeable batteries. direct-drive and geared motor units are both used. Awareness: It is a term referring to the ability to perceive. and processes for creating. E-BIKE: An Electric Bike or Scooter is a battery operated vehicle that is very economical with low maintenance cost and zero pollution. There are many possible types of electric motorized bicycles with several technologies available. An electric power-assist system may be added to almost any pedal cycle using chain drive. Electric bicycles developed in Switzerland in the late 1980s for the Tour de Sol solar vehicle race came with solar charging 10 . and exchanging offerings that have value for customers. In biological psychology. delivering. hub motors or friction drive. varying in cost and complexity. ass in shopping.Marketing: It is defined by the American marketing association as the activity. The battery of an EV can be charged easily using a power connection. which does not necessarily imply understanding. or to be conscious of events. and society at large. set of institutions. The power levels of motors used are influenced by available legal categories and are often limited to fewer than 700 watts. objects or patterns. partners. clients. Battery systems in use include lead-acid. These have a sensor to detect the pedalling speed. Along with this. there is an increased fear of environment pollution at every step.Electric motorized bicycles can be power-on-demand. There are also experiments using fuel cells. The bicycles were then charged from the mains. WHY E-Bikes: Global warming is a major concern all around and to save Mother Earth. With the ever increasing emission of greenhouse gases.[15] This is useful for extending the range and the life of brake pads and wheel rims.have the option of using regenerative braking. the motor acts as a generator to slow the bike down prior to the brake pads engaging.g. With modern technology and innovation. Some experiments have also been undertaken with super capacitors to supplement or replace batteries for cars and some SUVS The energy costs of operating electric bicycles are small. Solar power is possible when charging an electric bicycle. when you need to run an 11 . and/or a peddle (from pedal electric). Ni MH and Li-ion batteries . Most controllers also provide for manual adjustment. the rare several policies. The range of an electric bike is usually stated as somewhere between 7 km (uphill on electric power only) to 70 km (minimum assistance) and is highly dependent on whether or not he bike is tested on flat roads or hills. battery capacity. as is common today. Riding an electric bicycle to work or to the store instead of taking a car has long term financial gains. transportation and communication have undergone a paradigm shift. the PHB. promises and pledges. Under these circumstances. but there can be considerable battery replacement costs. when there are traffic jams. efficiency of the driving electronics. hills and weight of the bike and rider. the vehicle speed and the required force. aerodynamics. An electronic controller provides assistance as a function of the sensor inputs. and is affected by factors such as motor efficiency.stations but these were later fixed on roofs and connected so as to feed into the electric mains. also known as electric assist. we are also experiencing the negative effects of industrialization in the form of global warming. Range is a key consideration with electric bikes. Ni C d. such as the Canadian B ion X or American E+ (manufactured by Electric Motion Systems). E . where the motor is activated by a handlebar mounted throttle. where the electric motor is regulated by pedalling. or both. the pedalling force.[14] Some manufacturers. 12 . you stumble and fumble as there are so many vehicles emitting soot and CO2 polluting the air incessantly. but it definitely will help us to treat environment better. but otherwise the maintenance cost of electric bikes is almost negligible . electric bikes can definitely reduce environment pollution. Most electric bikes are emission-free bikes and this is the USP of the company’s manufacturing them in these days of global warming. 5000. In the manufacture and production of electric bikes. The only thing required is to keep this bike charged with a battery Electric bike manufacturing is considered as a grass root movement away from fossil fuels. they will cater you to run the short distances maybe home to office or home to college. besides fighting global warming. they not only add to greater level of pollution but are also leading to depletion of fuel resource.There is a growing market potential of electric bikes in India. Batteries get deteriorated at a fast rate due to excessive current fluctuation. This led to expansion of eco-friendly initiatives and many automobile manufacturing companies invested in research and development to bring for the electric bikes that will help people save a few bucks by reducing consumption of already spiralling fuel price.It can be charged with the help of inverter and generator too. the main constraint is the battery in the bumpy roads. These electric bikes will not make pollution worse and that makes e bikes environmentally safe vehicle . when you need to go to work place quickly.errand at an odd hour of the day. It also makes no noise while under operation. however. Disposal of worn out batteries can be a cause of major concern for environmentalists. It will not add to urban pollution. If this can be addressed. It is here that automobile companies felt the need to innovate motorized vehicle that will get charged through electricity and will not be depending on fossil fuels. The best part of electric vehicles is that they can be run with no registration and license. Definitely. these electric bikes can go up to 50km and has no tail pipe emissions. just press the start button of electric bike and vroom your way friendly on the roads. But there are also some environmental problems caused due to these electric bikes. With increased number of fossil-fuel dependent vehicles. So instead of kicking a 100 cc motorbike. The replacement cost of the batteries hover around Rs. speed might not be the attractive feature of these e-bikes. but these are safer vehicles with benefit of almost no pollution. Batteries need frequent replacement and that is the greatest concern for the most Indian companies who manufacture these electric bikes. electric bikes are not the only answer to our environment problem. In one charge. It is evident that electric bikes can reduce the air pollution. •Simple design. 13 . efficient and eco-friendly. light weight and economical Electric vehicles are very low in running and maintenance cost. •E Bikes and Scooters can beat the rising prices of Petrol/Diesel. •With the ease of handling. are becoming potent alternative to the conventional two-wheelers and the Electric two-wheeler industry in India is developing at rapid speed. light in weight. Have a look at the unavoidable advantages of Electric Bikes and Scooters : •Licence and registration is not required for E Bikes and Scooters. trendy.Features of Electric Bikes and Scooters: Electric bikes or scooters. Electric two wheelers save the commuting time in congested roads especially in urban areas. •Electric two wheelers run on re-chargeable battery and uses electricity as fuel in place of conventional Petrol/Diesel. 14 .•Electric vehicles are more efficient in terms of generating usable energy from their electric engine's battery in comparison to the regular fuel conversion. •Electric bikes or scooters use electricity therefore no emission of harmful gases like Carbon dioxide (CO2) or Nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In this way E Bikes and Scooters are innovative and efficient mode of personal transport. 15 . ELECTRONIC ACCELERATOR sends electronic signals to the Electronic Motor Controller to manoeuvre the bike or scooter. This makes charging of battery pack easy and convenient. Nickel Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH).Major Components of an Electric Bike or Scooter: ELECTRIC HUB MOTOR to drive the rear wheel directly and there are two types of Electric Hub Motor i. ELECTRONIC MOTOR CONTROLLER is the central controlling unit of any Electric two wheelers provides electric power to the motor based on inputs from the accelerator.e. just like a mobile phone or a laptop.Lithium. There are different kinds of batteries like Lead Acid. BATTERY PACK is like the fuel tank of E Bike or Scooter. etc. BATTERY CHARGER is used to charge the battery pack of E Bikes or Scooters. The charger converts an AC supply to DC to store power in the battery and it can be used with any normal domestic AC plug point. DC Brush Motor and DC Brush less motor having two basic parts namely Permanent Magnet Stator and Wound Rotor. that are used for supplying energy. Some battery chargers are in-built and some are separate that carried always on the move. 066 by John Schnepf depicted a rear wheel friction “roller-wheel” style drive electric bicycle.271 for a batterypowered bicycle with “6-pole brush-and-commutator direct current (DC) hub motor mounted in the rear wheel.272) that was propelled by a “double electric motor. Steffens. Hosea W. or even because of Global Warming and the whole go green awareness. Patent 596.S.S. Also. the 1899U.” There were no gears and the motor could draw up to 100 amperes (A) from a 10-V battery.S. on 31 December 1895 Ogden Bolton Jr.ORIGIN AND HISTORY: Most People are not aware of how long electric bicycles have been around you might think it’s something new since the recent fuel shortage and cost spikes we all hate. which used a driving belt along the outside edge of the wheel was patented by Mathew J. For example. Libbey of Boston invented an electric bicycle (U. was granted U.S. By 1898 a rear wheel drive electric bicycle. Patent 552. Two years later.”The motor was designed within the hub of the crankshaft axle. But not true although it might be one reason for their recent surge in popularity also the technology has improved 10 fold. electric bicycles were documented within various U.Schnepf's invention was later re-examined and expanded in 1969 16 . In the 1890s. Patent 627. in 1897. This model was later re-invented and imitated in the late 1990s by Giant La free electric bi cycles. patents. In a parallel hybrid motorized bicycle. whereas newer models generally used NiMH. a Noped is a term used by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario for similar type vehicles which do not have pedals or in which the pedals have been removed from their motorized bicycle. EV Global.Pedelec is a European term that generally referred to an electric bicycle that incorporated a torque and/or a speed sensor and/or a power controller that delivered a proportionate level of assist and only ran when the rider pedalled. power bike. with his U. and colourful electric bikes that use a throttle control for power. in some areas they may outnumber motorcycles or regular bicyclesBy 2001 the terms. Patent 3. ZAP. the human and motor inputs are coupled through differential gearing. Some of the less expensive electric bicycles used bulky lead acid batteries. For example. in1992 hardly any commercial electric bicycles were available. By Contrast.by G.Optibike. This term generally referred to an electric bicycle which used a throttle. offering a stylish.431. the rear or the front wheel. such as Yangzhou. E-Bikes. in general there was an increase in range and speed.994. is a term that has increased in trend. human and motor inputs are mechanically coupled either in the bottom bracket.The bicycle included Nickel-cadmium batteries that were built into a frame member and included an 850 g permanent-magnet motor.A. human power is converted into electricity and is fed directly into the motor and mostly additional electricity is supplied from a battery. in 1995 regular bicycle production decreased from its peak 107 million units. In1992 Vector Services Limited offered and sold an electric bicycle dubbed Zike. each rated less than ½horsepower and connected through a series of gears. PEDEGO Electric Bicycles are taking the nation by storm. Assist Bicycle is the technical term used to describe such a vehicle 17 . Merida. Takada Yutky of Japan filed a patent in 1997 for such a device.On the opposite side. whereas in a(mechanical) series hybrid cycle. Libbey. Wood Jr.Electric bicycles are very common in many cities of eastern China. denser capacity batteries. E-bike . pedelec. Despite the Zike. By2004 electric bicycles where manufactured by Currie Technologies.Wood’s device used 4 fractional horsepower motors. assisted bicycle and power-assisted bicycle where commonly used to describe electric bicycles. according to Gardner.S. It wasn’t until1998 when there were at least 49 different bikes. The end benefits usually varied from manufacturer. such as the aforementioned 1897invention by Hosea W. The terms Electric Motorbike or E-Motorbike have been used to describe more powerful models which attain up to 80 km/h.according to Google. however. Production grew from 1993 to2004 by an estimated 35%. In an (electronic) series hybrid cycle. NiCd and/or Li-ion batteries which offered lighter. Giante Lite. Finally. Torque sensors and power controls were developed in the late 1990s. a definite positive trends has started now. are gearing up for what they call a second wave of growth for these “plug and play” bikes. which was almost twice the year 2003 sales. China is the world's leading producer of electric bicycles. By 2007.5 million electric bicycles nationwide. but is carefully defined to only apply to electric motor assist. just like bicycles and petrol scooters. a government-chartered industry group. Every year market is expected to rise initially by 100% and then by 200%.e.Electric Bikes companies are highly optimistic about the e-bikes future. All the e-bikes today do not require registration or license. PRs.Today. This means they have to follow certain statutory norms that specify that the speed of such two-wheelers should not be more than 25kmph. A typical unit requires 8 hours to charge the battery. which provides the range of 25–30 miles (40–50 km). in 2004 China's manufacturers sold 7. They say they are on the verge of launching faster versions of their bikes and this would blunt the edge of traditional two-wheeler bikes in the country.8 billion). and 16 to 18 million in 2006.bikes in a middle segment between bicycle and petrol scooter. Due to collective efforts by manufacturers. dealership networks hard work. bicycles and petrol bikes are showing very attractive sales figures. As people started accepting the technology and limitations of e-bikes. According to the data of the China Bicycle Association.bikes companies are now all set to launch a new e-bike—that would have an engine of 750 watts. and specifically excludes internal combustion engines (though this is not the case in the United States). people accepting e. in the year 2006 alone)We are looking at practical and true figures of current Indian markets. The middle segment of e-bikes has turned now to enter in the high growth curve . at the speed of around 20 km/h.“Some of the e.worth 40 billion yuan ($5. Lots of bikes we will see on the road in coming 5 years.A large number of such vehicles is exported from China as well (3 million units. domestic sales reached10 million in 2005. compared with 250 watt engines that existing e-bikes have. If you see both ends i. According to a survey India may surpass china in numbers of e-bikes sale by 6-8 years. Current year 2009-10 will end up with Indian total e-bikes sales at 120K bikes. or e-bikes.and Power-Assisted Bicycle is used in the Canadian Federal Legislation. Ads. electric bicycles were thought to make up 10 to 20 percent of all two-wheeled vehicles on the streets of many major cities. It would require registration and license to ride and the average speed would be 35-40 km ph. Indian manufacturers of electric bikes. This would help explode the 18 . Electric bikes operate on a chargeable battery and do not require petrol to operate. He says“The real game would begin when we launch our high powered engine e-bike tocompete with TVS Scooty Pep+ and Honda Activa”.powered electric two-wheelers in seven variants of e-bikes and e-scooters branded as Hero Electric and priced between Rs14.000.” claims Bhandari. The e-scooters are in the range of Rs22. says that they too are working on a faster electric vehicle that would have a 6speed of about 50-70kmph. in India it is an economical mode of transportation .300 and Rs19.” Mahalingam said. “To a common user.00028..demand for e-bikes in India. All this creates a very negative image in the minds of people and can badly affect the growth of this industry in the medium and long run. un like in the west where e-bike is a lifestyle product and for some an environment friendly technology. Electric bike manufactures are hoping that the creation of a strong dealer network and service support will help make a dent in the conventional two-wheeler market. but many do as they use a motor of higher capacity. director of Ahmedabad-based Electro therm (India) Ltd one of the major Electric bikes manufacturers. Hero Cycles Ltd. Still. industry players guess that there are between 75and 80 players manufacturing e-bikes in India.It does not matter what fuel is being used or no fuel is being used.” he added. Citing the reason for the new models. “It would take us six more months but remember that the electric bike market has come of age only in last six months as.Ganesh Mahalingam.Primarily it is an aam admi(common man) vehicle as it is 10 times cheaper to operate an electric two-wheeler that the traditional petrol bike.000. key hurdles remain for the e-bike industry. launched its range of Hero electric ultra. Some of them launch their vehicle and also give warranty but do not have adequate dealer or service network. managing director of Ultra Motors Co. another entity that manufactures e-bike in joint venture with Hero Electric of Hero Cycles group. One of the major issues is that many small players are flooding the markets with a product that doesn’t meet statutory requirements. 19 .” says Avinash Bhandari. They also do not have spare parts. “They are not supposed to have a speed of over 25kmph. performance and affordability is important. Bhandari said that potential buyers were apprehensive as they believed that a scooter has to look like a scooter and must carry more weight at higher speeds. With no organized body to represent these manufacturers. like Electro therm. 20 . and Indian economy will be booming owing to the heavy demand on infrastructure.Sustainable economic growth of India as well as rest of the world will depend on effective energy planning. savings of over Rs 3.INDUSTRY PROFILE: The face of auto industry that was redefined with the invention of fuel-efficient four-stroke engine technology is all set to see dawn of a new era in two-wheeler industry. including three-wheelers. The manufacturing sector now contributes around one-fourth of the total GDP and the industrial output has now crossed USD 65 Billion in value. higher running and maintenance cost of vehicle. With the rising cost of fuel at International and national level. Japan and China. The growth in consumption of oil and natural gas in the past 21 . but its electricity that have initiated a revolution in two-wheeler industry in India. NOx and HC by 2020. Indian two-wheeler industry has embraced the new concept of Electric Bikes and Scooters that are very popular mode of personal transport in the developed countries like America. this could result in a reduction of over 16 laky metric tons of CO. Energy sector is growing by leaps and bounds as it is receiving the highest attention of both the State Governments and Central Government. cars. It's not petrol or diesel or any other fuel. Natural gas contributes to another 20% and these two natural resources account for 60% of the world’s energy. In spite of some control measures adopted by Chinese Government the crude steel registered an impressive growth and has crossed 450 million tons. increasing levels of pollution and congestion in transport system specially in Urban areas. India is also witnessing a huge growth in steel production and it is expected that steel industry will continue to grow by more than 12% per annum. and scooters. Nearly 40% of the world’s energy comes from petroleum. the electrically charged bikes or scooters have very bright future in area of personal transportation. If we can have three laky Electric Vehicles on the roads by 2020. the Indian economy is also continuing to grow at more than 8%. Global growth is increasing year by year . “It is estimated that India’s fossil fuel dependency on other countries currently from 70% to 82% in 2012. Global steel production is continuing its growth. In the coming years.700 crore in foreign exchange and significant health costs savings” Economic conditions around the world have been very encouraging. India has moved from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy.While the Chinese economy is growing at around 10% without any signs of slow down. cost effective.has been such that the consumption has been doubling every 15 years. Economic and environmental forces are frequently pitted against each other and many a times the financial cost of environmentally friendly technologies and goods is so high that one has to strike a balance or look for Government subsidies. Transportation sector which consumes a large share of energy resource of the country also contributes significantly towards pollution. Our launch in India has developed interest for our vehicles for international market also and in the future we will be exporting these vehicles to other countries. It is significant to note that more than 20% of the world’s total primary energy is consumed in transportation. It is also significant to note that after 1970 the new oil discoveries have been very few and any new discoveries will not make any significant contribution to the world’s energy pool. So the main mission is to provide vehicles which are emission free. which do not use petroleum products and which are inexpensive to acquire and operate. Our Electric Vehicles are unique in this aspect as they are not only economical but also environment friendly 22 . Our launch of battery operated Bikes have been highly successful and hero is now developing several new vehicles for the Indian market. This trend is likely to continue and will lead to complete depletion of natural resources in next 30 years. There are more than 410 million cars currently in the world and in another 20 years the automobile population will reach one billion marks. practical and environmental friendly electric vehicles. It will continue to provide leadership in this segment by delivering innovative. HERO Electric entered the Electric two-wheeler segment after 12 years of extensive research in the EV segment with its wide range of electric two-wheelers. HERO Electric has aligned itself with the positioning based on the ecological and a socially responsible platform with the objective of making the country greener and to be the best in ‘Zero pollution’ transportation in the country through its wide range of Electric Vehicles. HERO Electric is a pioneer and market leader in the Indian Electric Two. 23 . HERO Electric is the Market Leader in the category. with a strong network of more than 300 Exclusive Sales and Service outlets across the country and is leading a revolution in Electric Mobility with more than 1 Lac happy customers.Wheeler Industry which provides Eco-friendly and Cost-effective mode of personalized transportation with its diverse range of Electric Two-Wheelers.COMPANY PROFILE Hero Electric A pioneer and Market leader in the Indian Electric Two-Wheeler industry with its state-artmanufacturing facility at Ludhiana and Corporate office at Delhi. Charging Stations. Easy Wheels etc. Founded and constituted the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV). The powerful Torque generated by these motors is interplay of magnetic field generated by Rare Earth Permanent magnets and electromagnets on the motor. Features 24 . Motor BLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor which is assisted by Hall sensor at throttle grip. Being a pioneer. Everywhere Charging” with in-house design and development. Personal Charger. HERO Electric has a number of first only initiatives to its credit like: The only Electric Vehicles Manufacturer in India to launch the unique concept of “Charging Stations” for “Anywhere.HERO Electric offers a wide range of High Range and High Speed Electric Two-Wheelers manufactured in its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility at Ludhiana and has a widespread network of Exclusive Sales and Service outlets across the country. This motor controlled by state-of-the-art embedded system technology coupled with reliable power electronics gives the rider a smooth riding experience with a high starting capability and ability to climb high gradients. HERO Electric has introduced first of its kind innovative technologies like the Range Extender. Only Electric Vehicle Manufacturer to launch first-of-its kind Electric Bike Door Step Service branded as Electric Bike Assistance (EBA) for Electric 2-Wheelers for “Anywhere. Everywhere Service”. the global representative body of Indian EV Industry comprising of members from the Electric Four/ Three/ Two-Wheeler and Auto Components Industry. With an in-house research and design centre for development and invention of New Greener & Innovative Technologies. The battery is then sealed with epoxy.Claimed Cycle Life: 300 charge/discharge cycles Advantage 25 .Maximum Operating Voltage: 39.Low Voltage Cut-Off (LVCO): 31. They are exceptionally leak resistant . 52.High efficiency .These batteries which are utilized for wide variety of applications including UPS.Better speed Vs Torque characteristics Battery Sealed Lead Acid Batteries are basically the same as flooded cell batteries.High dynamic response . 20 & 24 Amp-Hour capacity . In these batteries electrolyte is in gelatine form and is absorbed into the plates.36-volt (3 x 12) and 48-volt (4 x 12) Battery Packs . .Simple construction .High reliability .The battery type is a Sealed Lead Acid Battery .Ease of control . Specifications .5 (36 V system). 42 V (48 Volt System) .15 . Computer systems and Industrial equipment.Noiseless operation .6 V (36 V system).8 V (48 Volt System) . Battery technology The company possess Patents for Plastic grid Bi-Polar Batteries which are designed to get charged to 90% of its capacity in about 20 minutes. The SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (SMEV) is based at New Delhi.Four /Three Wheeler Manufacturers Electric. Mechanics and Mechanical design The world patented product ‘Rear Guard’ prevents a vehicle from rolling back on slope. India and comprises of the members from the following category: Electric. Charger Technology The float cum boost technology has been used in our chargers so that when the charger is connected to the battery the output first goes to the boost charging mode and thus the battery will charge faster unlike that in a plain float charger. share and experience as we move forward into an age where alternative energy efficient modes of transportation would be in demand.Two Wheeler Manufacturers 26 . non-polluting means of transportation. This segment has tremendous potential as it is an environment–friendly. A four stroke IC engine without piston and cylinders is also developed for the hybrid model of our Ev’ SMEV is the perfect platform to learn. The concept of this patent is used in drive mechanism of our electric vehicles.Every Hero Electric bike reduces more than 1 ton of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (compared to a petrol 2-wheeler) in its lifetime. Electric Vehicle Technology is gaining ground and popularity rapidly. The numbers kept growing and in the pioneers’ league. likewise built enduring business bonds with a vast network of dealers in India and abroad. brick by brick. AVON thus remained in the top performer’s position ever since. They started with a bicycle saddles and brakes manufacturing unit in 1948 and set off on a long and arduous journey. To produce bicycles. High-class technology. Electric Vehicle -Auto Components Manufacturers AVON Group History The beginnings were small offering classic example of the enterprising Punjabi spirit. The quality was excellent. Soon. the legendary Pahwa Brothers dreamt of providing the common man an affordable means of mobility. the business was incorporated in 1951. A beginning was made when the first batch. the company Avon Cycles came into being. 27 . it was time for an ambitious take-off. In the early days of the country’s independence post partition in 1947. To realize their cherished dream. rolled out of the plant. Holding such values dear. The promoters’ abiding faith in human values and fairness. perhaps 250 bicycles. That earned the promoters instant acceptability. the price was economical and the business dealings ethical. the Pahwas built trust. consistent quality and effective after-sales service made a perfect proposition. Over the years the business expanded and it saw the birth of more companies doing various components needed to complete bicycle assembly. updated quality. The product range includes a hundred plus descriptions of pedal bicycles. streamlined distribution and an appealing message Overview: Decades of trust-building makes AVON the household name it is.000 square meters. The organisation combines the simplicity and speed of a family business and the broad-based features of corporate functioning. Quality Management System ISO 9001: 2000 (E) certified by TUV Cert is in place. ‘APSARA’ and ‘BUKE’ have become synonymous with dependable quality at competitive price. And to meet their expanding requirement of raw materials. they set up facilities to make their own special purpose steel strips and steel tubes. Brands ‘AVON’. the family business was reorganized. affordable price. exclusively passed to the family of Mr Onkar Singh Pahwa. Quality at affordable price is the company’s USP. Today. most modern plants and machinery systems. half a dozen odd models of batterypowered bikes and the more recently introduced hi-power series of luxury bicycles and the keep-fit series of home workout solutions 28 . AVON is the only group anywhere in the world claiming full backward integration – unique position. In 1997. comparable to the best in the world. the subject of this profile. producing two million numbers annually. Control of the company Avon Cycles Limited. even Hot Rolled Steel. The former inspires trust and the latter confidence in its ability to perform continually and consistently. And the marketing strategies: wide choice. The Group grew to own facilities making almost all such parts. are employed. The bicycle facility is spread over a land site 145. unmatched and unequalled. through a well-established network of about 1. even third generation of owners. Visibility: At home in 85 countries worldwide.Marketing Philosophy: For every AVON product to be an excellent Value for Money (VFM) proposition. The company’s executives are regularly visiting overseas markets. Many of them have grown into the second. Trade Fairs and Exhibitions.600 AVON authorised dealers in cities and towns of India. the company’s accompanying attendants ensure correct and proper delivery.000 sub-dealers supports operations of the dealership. Logistics: For safe and speedy delivery to the dealership points spread across the length and breadth of the country. For multiple delivery point trips. This has fostered enduring relationships. Loyalty: The company’s dealers have been with it all through. 29 . A dedicated resource of more than 12. the company’s products are regularly showcased in International Trade Fairs and Exhibitions. Distribution: Inland. Their hopes and aspirations are inseparably linked to the company’s prosperity. the company employs a number of reputed transporters and haulers on a subcontracting basis. the company adopts a proactive role to determine level of satisfaction and understand the changing consumer aspirations. Overseas operations are conducted through Representatives in respective countries / regions. At present.LOHIA About Lohia Group LOHIA GROUP. Weaving. began with the manufacture of Schweiter type cone-winding machines. under the leadership of its Chairman Mr. diversified from traditional business and ventured into manufacture of high-tech machines way back in mid '70s. to handle a variety of yarns. it is not only enjoying over 60% of market share in India but has also earned a reputation of world's leading manufacturer of such equipments. Winding and Slitting Machinery. Its projects are running successfully in over 60 countries around the world and this accomplishment has been possible due to the GROUP's continuous emphasis on quality and innovation. a firm belonging to Lohia Group. has a long tradition of excellence is currently active in machinery. the GROUP is primarily engaged in engineering sector with LOHIA CORP LIMITED as its flagship Company. Raj Kumar Lohia. promoted by a well known business family of North India. 30 . LOHIA CORP LIMITED formerly known as Lohia Starlinger Limited incorporated in 1981 is engaged in manufacture of complete range of machines required by Plastic Woven Fabric Industry and is an undisputed leader amongst machine manufacturers of this industry. Presently. Lohia Engineering Works. Lohia Group. Few of their mastered domains include Extrusion Plants for polypropylene filament yarns. The Company has an outstanding track record to its credit as it enjoys the status of 'Trading House' and is accredited ISO: 9001:2008 CERTIFICATE BY DNV NETHERLANDS. The Group enjoys tremendous amount of goodwill and reputation on account of its quality standards. mechanical sub-contracting. textiles and engineering plastics. To achieve leading position in each of our business sector by sustainable and profitable growth creating long term wealth for the shareholders To provide total customer satisfaction through quality products and services at competitive costs. To develop bench mark innovations and technologies to suit the changing requirements of the customers & the industry by continuous investments in updating our manufacturing & human resources. quality. Mission To follow the best practices as a responsible corporate and contribute in sustainable development of the society including employees. To attain the leadership in technology. expertise and resources by fostering global partnerships and alliances to become leading global player with dominant market share. 31 . To provide total customer satisfaction through quality products and services at competitive costs. control and interventions without any compromises and concessions. To preserve and enhance the integrity in all our business dealings by continuous monitoring. To be the partner of choice for our customers by providing technology based world class products and performance enhancing services tailored to meet their requirements. services and costs with integrity and stability.Vision To enlarge our product portfolio and production capacities in each of our businesses leveraging our domain knowledge. sensor less technology. Phoenix II 3640 Motor System 36V 25A 900W 26mph Phoenix II 4840 Motor System 48V 40A 1920W 32 . To make continuous up gradation in our products through innovation anticipating the needs of our markets and customers. a twist-grip throttle. While you can pedal with Phoenix II systems. they are NOT pedal-assist. Phoenix II systems will power themselves without help from the rider. and controller – all with incredible reliability and power. a lighted power indicator. It uses a dependable. New Jersey. To maximize the exports of our all products by offering quality products and services at competitive costs combining with our intellectual and trade resources. reminiscent of the classic American Board Track Racers. even up hills. powerful 36 volt 40 amp controller. separate his electrically powered machines from other bikes in today’s marketplace Ace American LLC uses the incredible Phoenix II 3640 Motor System standard on all ACE Motorbikes. His unique patented designs.000 miles! It includes a light-weight motor. These kits have been known to exceed 35. Ace motor bikes Peter Grimaldi is the inventor and founder of Ace Electric Motorbikes based out of Monmouth County. All Phoenix II motors are brushless. other than bearings! This allows the energy to be more focused. so the only fixed cost of owning one is battery replacement and the occasional tire. you will go through more brake pads with a power system installed on a bike with rim brakes. Inside. Each winding is responsible for turning the wheel one-third of the way around. there are three separate windings. tube. There is no physical connection between the stationary part of the motor and the moving part of the motor. so there is no theoretical limit to their life. 34mph How it Works: The major components of the system consist of a battery pack. While there used to be sensors inside the motor to tell the controller which winding to apply power to. now the controller does all the work! There is nothing inside the motor that can be damaged. a Motor Cycle Type Twist Throttle with Lighted Power Indicator. Brushless hub motors are very efficient. and changing windings is all electronic – done completely by the controller. Power is transferred to the motor by brushes making contact with the moving part of the motor. a controller. and brake replacement. Brushed motors work differently. but all Phoenix II 33 . and a hub motor. Yes. which can be expensive and can cause down-time. All major components are connected to the controller. The controller’s basic operation is similar to an electric light dimmer. the “brain” of the system. This means that brushes must be replaced periodically. It adjusts the amount of power going to the motor based on the throttle setting. motors are available with optional disc brakes! Disc brakes require less adjustment. LiFePO4 is not prone to thermal runaway and will not burn as other Lithium-ion batteries will. What exactly is LiFePO4? A lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery. batteries are able to withstand high temperatures without deteriorating. LiFePO4 batteries have a long cycle life (2000+ cycles) which actually lowers the cost of ownership. YObykes is India’s largest selling and the most trusted Electric Scooter Brand. That’s right. The safety characteristics of using phosphate as the cathode material makes them far more advanced than other cathode materials such as nickel cobalt. and they are only 1/3 the weight of Lead-Acid (Pb or LA) and less than 2/3 the weight of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. which uses the LiFePO4 chemistry as a cathode material. is a type of rechargeable battery. no memory effect! YO BIKES With the hike in fuel prices & rising concerns for Global Warming. YObykes offers the most Economical. With using phosphate as a cathode material. today there is a latent need for an alternative technology which can offer an affordable and pollution free transportation. LiFePO4. LiFePO4 is the safest and the most environ-friendly chemistry make-up of lithium-ion batteries. YObykes is powered with Electric Drive Train where BLDC Motor & Rechargeable Batteries replaces the conventional Engine. polymer. and if they are abused. specifically a lithium-ion battery. Ace Electric Motorbikes works with the world’s leading manufacturers of the highest-quality Lithium Iron Phosphate or LiFePO4 battery products. Eco-friendly and Easy personal mobility solution 34 . and less brake pad replacements. Along with paramount safety characteristics. reliable & commercially viable option. and cobalt oxide. Globally Electric Vehicles have emerged as the most practical. also called a LFP battery. More great characteristics of these batteries are that they do not have a memory. Controllers. Motor. was the 1st to introduce Electric Scooter in an organized manner on a pan India basis with brand name of YObykes. Chargers & Converters Only EV brand with High speed models like YOEXL (1000W) & YOSpark (900W)motor power Founder member of Society of Manufactures of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) Core Member : National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP 2020) A strong & well known brand YObykes has brought ET more close to common man of India Largest Pan India network of exclusive YOWorld & YOPoint (sales. YOBYKES LEADING THE EV CATEGORY IN INDIA YObykes has the largest customer base of more than100. service & spares outlets) 1st and Only EV brand to offer 24 * 7 On Road Assistance (selected cities 35 .In 2006 ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD. In 2006 ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD.e.000 satisfied users Only EV brand having In-house R&D and Manufacturing facility for complete power train i. was the 1st to introduce Electric Scooter in an organized manner on a pan India basis with brand name of YObykes. which makes YObykes the most convenient & most suitable scooter for within city mobility YObykes’ city-zippy speed offers safe & convenient ride in the city’s traffic condition For full charge. YObykes can be charged easily at home or wherever normal power supply is available Those who residing in high rise building can charge YObykes at the parking area easily. as YObykes can be charged easily at home or wherever normal power supply is available. YObykes drive train comprises of electronic parts like BLDC motor & controllers which do not require lubrication or any regular maintenance. Just charge and enjoy safe & convenient reid without being worried about running cost/km Charging YObykes is as simple as charging mobile phone. Oil Filters & Spark plug which requires regular maintenance & lubrication. Maintaining YObykes is easy and absolutely hassle free. 36 . Air Filters. Gear Box. YObykes offers long range up to 70 km/charge. Required assistance shall be provided by YOWORLD team Hassel Free & Low Maintenance YObykes do not have any wear and tear parts like Clutch Plates. while an avg daily travel requirement is approximately 25 to 30km/day Recharge Anywhere No need to visit fuel station anymore.1 Ideal City Two Wheeler YObykes has been designed & developed keeping the travel needs & city riding conditions in mind. if required. please remove the protective cover from the charging socket. All batteries charge simultaneously. The YObykes have been powered by four 12V. . 33Ah & 40Ah batteries wired in series to provide 48 volts.1. 37 . Then plug in the charger into the charging socket. 24Ah. Battery Charging Battery is like a fuel tank for the YObykes and requires refilling by the means of charging.). There is an indicator light provided on the charger body which will turn Red while charging. To charge. However. This will become Green when the charging is complete. Generally recharging time will be around 6 to 8 hours. 20Ah. we are committed to provide prompt after-sales service and genuine spares for your YObykes.1 Service While YObykes do not have any major mechanical moving components (engine. Before riding YObyke for the first time it is essential to charge the batteries for 6-8 hours using the supplied charger. please check the fuse provided on the battery pack. The charger has been provided with a safety feature to avoid overcharging of batteries and thereby enhance the battery life. 12Ah or 12V. In case the battery charging light is not indicating. before plugging the charger into a wall power socket. through our wide spread dealer network being developed across India. etc. service support requirements is much lesser than the conventional petrol vehicle. gear box. The key points to improve the Battery Life It is recommended to charge the YObyke as and when you get an opportunity to charge & avoid complete discharge in use You should charge the YObyke if it has not been used for 3-4 weeks or more. Always charge the battery in dry and ventilated place to clear the gases emitted from the batteries. Always use ET supplied / approved charge CHAPTER – 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY NEED 38 . Battery should not be stored in discharged condition for any length of time. The objectives of the study are- •To find out the awareness of consumer about the electric bikes. So by creating awareness we can enhance the sales of Electric Bikes. 39 . Electric Bikes is in great demand but it is not used by most of the people because of lack of awareness. Thus the purpose of the study is to study the awareness level of consumers towards E-Bikes and also the perception of the users. •To find out the factor influencing the sales of electric bike.With increase in air pollution in urban areas and scarcity of fuels. as it is required to analysis the consumer behavior towards green tea. This study is based on the all the people who use two wheelers in Ludhiana city.3. discussions etc.2 Data Collection Methods Collection of data In this study the data will be collected through two sources: Primary data .RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. sample size and sampling design. The study was designed to provide for the collection of this information. the data was collected through various published forms such as journals. Design of research methodology is descriptive 3.1 Research Design Research Design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of various operations thereby making research as effective as possible yielding maximum information with minimum efforts. Secondary data – Apart from primary data. articles. The present study followed a descriptive design.The source of primary data was collected from the respondents and also through questionnaires. various online sites. 40 . Sampling is an effective step in the collection of primary data and has great influence on the quality of results. 3.1 Universe/ Population It comprised of all the people who know about e-bikes or those who use them. The sampling plan includes the universe/population. research papers. 3.3 Sampling Plan A sample plan is a definite plan for obtaining sample from a given population. The research design is a pattern or an outline of a research project’s workings. The area which was covered is Sarabha nagar. BRS Nagar. Sampling unit –Persons of Ludhiana who use two wheelers CHAPTER – 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 41 . new professor colony. For the convenience of the respondents questionnaire method has been used. model town. Sample size -In this study the sample size will be of 100 respondents. Any person who is the user of two wheelers whether they are using e-bikes or not in Ludhiana city is the sample unit.3.2 Sampling Unit Questionnaire will be administered to urban residents of Ludhiana (Punjab). Sampling technique -Convenience method of sampling will be used to collect the data from the respondents.3. Main reason cited behind the sales of e-bikes is that people don’t have enough money to buy other automobiles and to travel in the heavy traffics of Boston it is easy for people to travel on e-bikes. e-bikes are booming in popularity in Europe and China where they’re revered for their low impact on the environment. the e-cycles will be available at a price of Rs 19. According to ZIV. OORTWIJN (2015) this article tells that LG is about to enter into the e-bike battery business as it is growth area. Because the motors used in e-bikes are electric and not internal combustion.990 (on-road Delhi) for the Avior AFX. Hero launched as two variants – Avior AMX and Avior AFX for both male and female riders respectively. these contraptions don’t emit any carbon dioxide directly (the source of their electricity.it also tells that USA lags behind the world in e-bikes sales. These days. a 15 percent rise over 2011 numbers. Bosch and Panasonic it is world’s next electronic player who is going to entre in the e-bikes battery business. It is expected that e-bike sales will reach 350000 in 2018. It also tells that it is century old technology that is being used. WALKER (2014) in this article walker talks about the rise of e-bikes in foreign countries like USA and China. a German industry organization.The e-cycles will be available at all five metros initially but prices may be Rs 3000-4000 more expensive in other cities since the Delhi government has provided 15 per cent subsidy and 0 per cent VAT on the environment friendly bicycles.290 (on-road Delhi) for the Avior AMX and Rs 18. After Samsung. 42 .REVIEW OF LITERATURE BENJAMIN (2015) this article tells that the e-bike business in USA is much more then it was accepted by the companies. however. e-bike sales represented 10 percent of all bike sales at the close of 2012. albeit one drastically smaller than a motorcycle or moped engine). has an environmental impact. BORA (2014) this is mainly article which talks about the launch of the e-cycles and bikes of hero. 922 new units sold in Q1.000 bikes in the US. In the North East region to assemble and market its e-bikes (electric bikes) which is gaining popularity as pollution free. Harley-Davidson is hardly alone in the e-bike wars. TREW(2013) this article deals with the launch of Rimac’s Greyp G12 e-bike which has the top speed of 40m/ph and it also has the pedal free range of 75 miles .ELLIOT(2014) this articles tells how Harley-Davidson. Energica. Harley-Davidson.2 million sold in 2006.bikes has came people are buying bikes for weight loss and riding bycycles at the charity events. motorcycle sales remained relatively unchanged. OLMSTED(2013) This article talks about new trends and technology in the bikes sector as e. the only one in the northeast. 17 units higher than the same period in 2013. Zero and other green machine manufacturers are battling to become the Tesla of motorcycles.000 in 2012 but down a staggering 53 percent from the 1. according to the Motorcycle Industry Council. And not just because it’s good for the environment. up from 557. This year. Many technological changes have come in the bikes as they are having disc brakes now is one of the examples. Triumph and Yamaha—sold 561. Last year. eco-friendly replacement of fossil fuel powered two wheelers. Avon Cycles has established a manufacturing and assembly unit at Notun Basti in Dimapur. KTM. It also has other neat tricks include fingerprint activated ignition that allows different digits to trigger the bike's 43 . The comfort while riding bikes is the person looks for now many companies have come up with the idea of selling bikes on the basis of comfort. where several companies are seeking to become the Tesla of motorcycles. LONGCHAR (2013) this article tells that AVON CYCLES had set up their new industry of e-bikes in Nagaland. It has been trying to establish itself for the market for the past three years. Suzuki. Piaggio. which tallied 139. Honda. Kawasaki. NENT is an agro based company established by entrepreneur Kathi Chishi and deals with products related to agriculture activities and environmental friendly products. the major motorcycle brands—including BMW. Under the initiative of North East Naga Traders Pvt Ltd (NENT). Not content to rest on their reviews. the latest update to the Di2 took the group from 10 to 11 speeds.It also has a less alleged charge time of 80 minutes (from zero).two modes -. dropped weight and improved ergonomics. Hero Ultra. BERA (2013) this article gives the detail of the top 5 e. PHILIPS(2013) this article talks about the attempts of electronic shifting from mechanical shifting first attempt was made in 1990s. Top 5 manufacturers of e-bikes are as follows 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Ampere Vehicles.with profiles for up to 50 users available. You Bikes. but powerful.125 for the group) and lack of “feel” (a connection to the bike almost as vague as a record’s “warmth” or a film camera’s “grain”). the world finally had a new electronic group in the Shimano Dura Ace Di2 — and boy was it good.bike manufacturers in India and tells something about it. The biggest criticisms to the Di2 have consistently been its astronomical cost ($4. The entire system was wired. In 2009. ACE Motors Eko Vehicles Ace motorsjjjjj 44 . Throughout the early 2000s. and only one inconspicuous lithium ion battery powered the whole thing. both Campagnolo and Shimano used Mavic’s pioneering ideas to develop electronic groups for their pro teams. but it didn’t work as early adopter figure it out thatwhen they rode to close to lose to power lines or their local radio station and their bike started shifting with a mind of its own. Servos in the derailleurs were small.street or speed -. and front shifting was not only electric. He is discussing that the e-bikes can lead to future of cleaner environment but it is suitable for only the young and strong people but still over 1 million e-bikes are being sold in china and its limited speed is a bit tough for them to displace cars but somehow they are displacing cars. It is also discussed that Electric bicycles could offer cleaner air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. MAY(2012) this article tells that the Audi had planned to launch its new e bike and may tells about its all features that the bike has and a video is also shown how comfortable the bike is and how easy it is to drive. All the design details and advantages of the design are given. CUSICK AND WIRE (2012) in this article it is discussed that can e. particularly in countries like China.ECO WHEELS (2013) this articles tells about the pro’s and con’s of the e-bikes that are a new trend in the markets following are the pro’s 1) 2) 3) 4) Much Cheaper than Gas Extended Range / Reduced Stress Exercise is Optional Safe and Easy to Operate Following are the cons of the e-bikes 1) Lost luxuries 2) Limited speed and range 3) Less Protection and security DAS(2012) In this article the slumping e-bikes market is discussed and what strategies does the companies are using to cope up with the difficult environment and it also tells that Mr.bikes displace cars. Munjal head of hero electric has shifted his focus from selling it Indian market to the exports of the e-bikes. 45 . Times are changing. We’re only two months into the year. They are replacing traditional bikes and motorcycles at a rapid clip and. Europe and the United States. and 2015 looks like it could be the year of the cheap e-bike. Whereas everywhere there is boom in the e-bikes market. allowing people to put off the switch to cars. China is exporting many bikes. It also talks about the by Navigant Research. That type of price makes the electric bike much more competitive with the pedal bike in terms of price vs. In turn. though. and more than one crowd funding campaign has written a tale of wild success by marketing a sub-$500 electric bike. 46 . and western manufacturers are also copying the Chinese trend to produce models of their own. STONE (2010) in this article the idea of e. From virtually nothing a decade ago. It also talks about the travelling of us people are around 5 to 7 miles of day and how e-bikes can solve their problem of controlling pollution. electric bikes have become an $11 billion global industry. It also tells that technology is upgrading and touching new heights every year and e-bikes are the part of the technology. not just a piece of sports or fitness gear. up from a few thousand in the 1990s. reward.bikes is discussed how e-bikes are popular in china that every year around 10 million e-bikes are sold in the market. It all started in china where an estimated 120 million electric bicycles now hum along the roads. the reason that electric bikes have absolutely taken off in markets like China and Europe is because those markets view them as a mode of transportation. the booming Chinese electric-bike industry is spurring worldwide interest and impressive sales in India. in many cases. a market analysis firm that wrote up a recent 73-page report on the e-bike market. GOODMAN (2010) this article tells that e-bikes market has grown at a rapid pace in foreign market but where as in India it has shown no signs of growth.WIESE (2011) this article tells about why to buy the e-bikes and it tells the e-bikes are way affordable then other bikes it also tells about his confusion about buying the bike that why should he buy an e-bike in his prime young age when he should drive other bikes. 47 . The company.Wheeler Industry. which is the pioneer and market leader in the Indian Electric Two. these companies completely withdrew their business. Experts say e-bikes made with Chinese technology do not support the weight of Indian users who are usually heavier than their Chinese counterparts. Now. Most of the e-bikes sold in India are manufactured using Chinese technology and their main drawback in Indian 'conditions' is their poor pick-up. and this despite the fact that there is a huge market for these two-wheelers. recently launched its E-bike in India named Photon. UTTKARSH (2010) Hero Electric is ascending the path to the top of the electric bikes industry in an aggressive manner. It also tells that its poor pick up is main reason for low sales and also the weights of Indian people is concern for the bikes as bikes made with Chinese technology is not able to carry weights of their Indian counterparts.PATHAK (2010) in this article it is discussed that Electric bikes or e-bikes are environmentfriendly but in India they are yet to prove themselves user-friendly. To lure in customers the company had offered great services and offers in the past. Hero Electric has introduced a service for not only its customers but also for all the electric bike owners of the country. There had been other companies in the electric bikes segment in India but due to poor response from the people and unpopularity of the electric bikes. It then observed the electric bikes industry in India and acted accordingly. Appendix).CHAPTER – 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ANALYLIS AND INTERPRETATION This chapter deals with analysis of data collected on different aspect related to the satisfaction level and the awareness about the green tea among population (ref. 48 . The result and analysis pertaining to various objectives of the study have been presented in this chapter. 1 Gender Male 48 52 Female INTERPRETATION: Out of 100 sample unit. 48 were female respondents and 52 were male respondents Figure 4.2 Age Group 15-25 years 35-45 years 25-35 years Above 55 years 35-45 years 49 .Demographics : Figure-4. Are you aware of E-bikes Are You aware of E-bikes No. only 3% were of age group 35-45 and above 55 age group . Of Respondents Percentage Yes 83 83% No 17 17% Figure 4.Major respondents were youth.3 Are You aware of E-bikes? 17 Yes No 83 INTERPRETATION-From the above chart it is evident that: 83% respondents were aware of e-bikes 17% respondents were not aware of e-bikes 50 . 6% were of age group 35-45 years. 66% of them were of age group 15-25 years.1.INTERPRETATION-Out of 100 respondents. 22% were of age group 25 to 35 years. Table4. Table 4.This shows that most of the people are aware of electronic bikes.2How did you come to know about electronic bikes. How did you come to know about Electric Bikes? No.4 51 . Very few are unaware. Of Respondents Percentage News paper/magazine 20 20 Television 24 24 Internet 43 43 Friends 13 13 Figure 4. 13% came to know through friends INFERENCE: From the above it is evident that internet is the main source of awareness.How did you come to know about Electric Bikes? 50 40 30 20 10 0 43 20 24 13 INTERPRETATION: From the above graph it is evident that 43% of respondents came to know about electric bikes through internet. There is not much of awareness created through word of mouth from friends and family and print media such as newspaper and magazine. Table 4. 24% through television. next is through television advertisements and awareness. Of brand responden Percenta s ts ge Yes 90 90 10 10 52 . 20% through newspapers/magazines.3 Does brands influence your buying decision? No. while only a few of them are not considering ebikes brands . 53 . Of respondents Yes No INTERPRETATION –Above table shows that majority that means 90% people consider brands while purchasing an electronic bike .No Figure 4.5 No. 4 Which Brands are you aware of in electric bikes? Brands No.6 54 .Table 4. Of Respondents Percentage Hero 29 29 Avon 16 16 Lohia 14 14 Ace Motor Bikes 18 18 You Bikes 23 23 Figure 4. INFERENCE From the above figure it is evident that Hero and Yo bikes are more popular amongst people .followed by Avon which stands at 16%.only 18% know about Ace motor bikes and only 14% people know about lohia ebikes.29% know about Yo bikes .5 Which factors you consider while choosing amongst e-bike and conventional bike ? Price: Price No.Which Brands are you aware of in electric bikes? 40 30 20 10 0 29 16 14 18 23 INTERPRETATION Above figure shows that 29% respondents are aware of Hero . Table 4.others brands are not very much known to the people . Of respondents Percentage Strongly Agree 23 23 Agree 19 19 55 . Thus the price of electric bikes needs to be lowered in case to increase the sales Table 4. INFERENCE: It is clearly evident from the above graph that maximum numbers of consumers feel the price of electric bikes to be high as compared to its features which are not that great compared to conventional bikes.Neutral 37 37 Disagree 16 16 Strongly Disagree 5 5 INTERPRETATION Above table shows that 23% strongly agree that price is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike . Of respondents Percentage 56 .6 Weight: No. Very few consumers feel the price to be in the moderate and low range.only 5% disagree that cost is one important factor. Weight Strongly Agree 27 27 Agree 18 18 Neutral 39 39 Disagree 8 8 Strongly Disagree 8 8 INTERPRETATION Above table shows that 27% strongly agree that Weight is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .18% agree to it and 39% gave a neutral comment on weight while comparing e-bike and conventional bike .7 57 . Only 8% disagree that weight is one important factor. Table 4. Of respondents Percentage Strongly Agree 31 31 Agree 25 25 Neutral 28 28 Disagree 10 10 Strongly Disagree 6 6 INTERPRETATION-Above table shows that 31% strongly agree that Appearance is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike . 58 .25% agree to it and 28% gave a neutral comment on appearance while comparing e-bike and conventional bike . Only 6% strongly disagree that appearance is one important factor.Appearance: Appearance No. 4% disagree and Only 6% strongly disagree that safety is one important factor.Table 4. Of respondents Percentage Strongly Agree 35 35 Agree 32 32 Neutral 23 23 Disagree 4 4 Strongly Disagree 6 6 INTERPRETATION :Above table shows that 35% strongly agree that Safety is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .32% agree to it and 23% gave a neutral comment on safety while comparing e-bike and conventional bike .8-Safety: Safety No. 59 . 9-Advertisement: Advertisement No. Of respondents Percentage Strongly Agree 22 22 Agree 38 38 Neutral 26 26 Disagree 9 9 Strongly Disagree 5 5 60 .Table 4. INTERPRETATION Above table shows that 22% strongly agree that advertisement is the factor for choosing amongst electronic bike and conventional bike .10 Are you convinced about Electric Bike benefits? benefits No. Of respondents Percentage Yes 57 57 No 43 43 Figure4.38% agree to it and 26% gave a neutral comment on advertisement while comparing e-bike and conventional bike .6 61 .9% disagree and Only 5% strongly disagree that safety is one important factor. INFERENCE: It is evident from the graph that maximum numbers of E-Bike users were influenced to buying through advertisements. Hence more of advertisements need to be taken up in order to influence the potential customers. Table 4. INFERENCE: From the above graph it can be analysed that Almost equal of the Electric bike users are convinced about the bike benefits whereas only few of them are not convinced. Table 4.11 62 .Are you convinced about Electric Bike benefits? 57 60 50 43 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No INTERPRETATION: From the above graph it is evident that 57% of the electric bike consumers are convinced about the benefits of electric bikes whereas 43% are not convinced about the benefits. bikes to their friends while 47% would not recommend.7 47 53 Yes No INTERPRETATION: It can be interpreted from the above figure that 53% users recommend e. INFERENCE: 63 .Would you like to suggest electric bike to your friends? No. Of respondents Percentage Yes 53 53 No 47 47 Figure 4. Table 4. of the users of electric bike are willing to refer it to their friends than those who don’t. Of respondents Percentage Expensive 19 19 Unaware 10 10 Not convinced 16 16 Non availability.It is evident from the graph that almost equal no. 16 16 Appearance 10 10 64 .12 Which of the factors do you think that prevents you from making the decision of purchasing the electric bikes? decision No. Speed 14 14 Battery life 10 10 5 5 Uncertainty of electric bike technology Figure 4.8 65 . 66 . Uncertainty of electric bike technology INTERPRETATION: From the above graph it can be interpreted that 16% of respondents are not convinced. F. Expensive 19 B. and also because it is expensive. Awareness need to be created& the product need to be made available to maximum no of places. Battery life I. 19% feel expensive. Appearance G.16% feel non-availability. Unaware 14 10 10 16 16 C. Speed H.10% don’t like their battery life . INFERENCE: From the above graph it is evident that most of the respondents do not purchase the E-Bikes because they are not convinced about the electric bike technology or the benefits.10% are unaware. and14% feel that speed is not satisfying. which prevents them from making the decision of purchasing the electric bikes. Non availability. Not convinced D.10 5 A. 9 is after sales service availability affecting your purchasing decision of electric bikes. 0After sales service No.Table 4. Of respondents Percentage Yes 66 66 No 34 34 Figure 4.9 Is after sales service availability affecting your purchasing decision of electric bikes? 34 Yes No 66 INTERPRETATION: 67 . It was found that most of the respondents are aware about the Electric Bikes and their benefits.LIMITATIONS Summary of findings: 1.It was found that majority of the consumers came to know about electric bikes through internet and there are only few through friends and peers •It was found that maximum numbers of customers were influenced by internet while making their buying decisions. INFERENCE: It is evident from the above graph that maximum no of respondents did not go for buying the electric bike due to the non availability of proper after sales service. and Price quoted by the companies has affected the customer satisfaction to a great deal. 2. 68 . •It was found that most of the customers are not much satisfied with the price of the product.CONCLUSION. Hence the after sales service need to be improved and service centre needs to be operated in major cities to overcome this problem CHAPTER5 FINDINGS.SUGGESTIONS.From the above graph it can be interpreted that 66% of respondents feel that after sales service availability affects their purchasing decision while 34% of respondents say it does not affect. Suggestions Awareness needs to be created among the consumers regarding the Electric Bikes and their benefit. It shows that customers are dissatisfied about after sale service. •It was found that most of the customers are not satisfied with after sales service. •It was found that expensiveness and non-availability of Electric bikes is also a reason for lower market share and consumers not purchasing it. •It was found that most of the respondents feel that the promotional activities for electric bikes are not sufficient to make the purchasing decision. •It was found that most of the respondents feel that the factors such as speed & power. •It was found that maximum number of the customers feel the speed of the Electric bikes to be very low and were not satisfied with the current speed of the bikes.• It was found that most of the customers were satisfied with the mileage of the Electric bikes and are convinced about the electric bike benefits and were willing to refer it to their friends. 69 . battery life and appearance of Electric Bikes are the main reasons for its lower market share. Like it should be displayed in auto shows and to attract more youths demonstrations and special offers should be given to college students.•There are only few advertisements in newspapers and TVs. Thus maximum advertisements need to be put up in these Medias as they reach wider audiences. 70 . •As appearance plays a major role for most of the customers while making purchasing decisions so the Electric Bikes need to be made more attractive. •Promotional activities should be increased to create awareness and increase the sales. •The price of the electric bikes need to be decreased it can be done by adopting sophisticated technologies and carrying out mass productions or some discounts on price or offers should be given in order to increase the sales. •As most of the people prefer high speed the speed of the electric bikes need to be improved so as to increase the sales of the E-Bike •We need to have more number of dealers covering major urban areas and the distribution network should be made strong. •More number of service centres need to be opened at least in major areas to cater to the problems & needs of the customers when needed. Also the sample size of 100 may not truly represent whole population 71 . It was difficult to find respondents as they were busy in their schedules and collection of data was very difficult.LIMITATIONS TO THE STUDY: Some of the limitations of the study may be summarised as follows An underlying assumption for entire project is that the details and feedback received from population are true. Therefore study had to be carried out based on availability of respondents. Some of the respondents were not ready to fill the questionnaire and some of them not ready to come out openly. References 1. http://www. http://www.com/light-electric-vehicle-association/the-ebike-trend-for-2011 11. http://www.com/marketing/ 4.de/en/ebike-the-new-trend-in-cycling 12.scientificamerican. http://www.com/about-the-bikes 2.com/article/can-ebikes-displace-cars/ 9.aspx?pg=gb 5.electricbike.wlivenews. http://www.levassociation.http://www.in/global_business.peopleforbikes.com/sales-trends/nieuws/2014/4/lg-about-to-step-in-e-bike-battery-market1019234 13.askmen.http://yobykes.com/audi-ebike/ 14.avoncycles.http://aceelectricmotorbikes. http://www.html 7.com/2013/06/18/point-and-click-everything-you-need-to-know-about-electronicshifting/ 72 . https://www.com/welcome-lohia-group 3.org/blog/entry/the-rise-of-the-e-bike 8.com/top-5-best-electric-bike-brands-and-leading-models-in-india.fischen.http://www.in/corporate/about-hero-electric-2/ 6. http://in.com/guy-gear/1102699/article/affordable-e-bikes 10. http://gearpatrol.bike-eu.http://heroelectric.lohiagroup. 15. http://in.askmen.com/guy-gear/1102699/article/affordable-e-bikes 16. http://electricbikereview.com/ Chapter – 8 QUESTIONNAIRE Questionnaire: Personal Details: Name:............................................................................................ GENDER-. Age group- A) 15-25 yrs B) 25-35yrs C) 35-45yrs D) 45-55 yrs E) Above 55yrs 1.Are you aware of Electric Bikes? Yes No 2. How did you come to know about Electric Bikes? 73 a. News paper/magazine b. Television c. Internet d. Friends e. Others (specify).......................................... 3.Which brand are you aware of in electric bikes ? a. Hero b. Avon c.Lohia d.Ace motor bikes e.Yo bikes f. others............................. 4.Does brand influence your buying decision? Yes No 74 5. What factors you consider while choosing amongst e-bike and conventional bike ? i. Weight a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Strongly disagree ii. Appearance a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Strongly disagree iii. Safety a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Neutral 75 Does advertisement influence your buying decision? a.d. Neutral d. Disagree e. Agree c. Disagree e. Disagree e. Strongly disagree 6. What is your opinion towards mileage of Electric Bikes as compared to conventional bikes? a. Agree c. Very good b. Strongly agree b. Neutral d. Cost a. Strongly disagree iv. Strongly disagree 7. Strongly agree b. Good 76 . Average d. Bad e. Others (specify) 77 . Non availability. Very bad 8. Appearance g. Uncertainty of electric bike technology j. Unaware c. Expensive b. Speed h. Not convinced d.c. Which of the factors do you think that prevents you from making the decision of purchasing the electric bikes? a. Battery life i. Is the promotional activity about Electric bike sufficient enough for you to make the purchasing decision? Yes No 9. f. Are you convinced about Electric Bike benefits? Yes No 11. Is after sales service availability affecting your purchasing decision of electric bikes? Yes No 78 .10.