FENTEK • MARINE FENDERING SYSTEMSPresented by: J. H. Menge & Company, Inc. jhmenge.com FENTEK Marine Systems GmbH Langenstücken 36a D-22393 Hamburg Germany Tel: +49 40 600 4650 Fax: +49 40 601 7217 e-mail:
[email protected] FENTEK UK Malmesbury, England Tel: +44 1666 827660 Fax: +44 1666 822273 e-mail:
[email protected] FENTEK Spain Izarra (Alava), Spain Tel: +34 945 437090 Fax: +34 945 437050 e-mail:
[email protected] FENTEK France Paris, France Tel: +33 1 4139 2256 Fax: +33 1 4139 2257 e-mail:
[email protected] FENTEK Asia FENTEK Australia FENTEK Americas Jurong, Singapore Brisbane, Australia Williamsburg, USA Tel: +65 6268 8005 Tel: +61 7 3866 7444 Tel: +1 757 564 1780 Fax: +65 6268 6629 Fax: +61 7 3263 4912 Fax: +1 757 564 1781 e-mail:
[email protected] e-mail:
[email protected] e-mail:
[email protected] Marine Fendering Systems ISSUE 08/02 www.fentek.net Marine Fendering Systems 1 INTRODUCTION This catalogue is primarily intended for users with some experience of fender selection and calculation procedures. Ideally it should be used in conjunction with appropriate international standards and codes, as well as project specific information about vessels, environmental conditions and quay structures. There are three principle sections to the catalogue:PRODUCTS (Pages 4-65) This section details all the principle products and systems manufactured by Fentek. It includes details on energies and reactions including performance curves, as well as fixing and attachment details. Photographic examples are given of many different applications to demonstrate the versatility of the various products. DESIGN (Pages 66-86) This section is an aid to selecting and specifying appropriate fender systems for various common applications. It provides typical ship dimensions and characteristics, and commonly used calculation methods for determining berthing energies. Also provided is guidance on design of hull pressures, chains and other fender accessories. OTHER INFORMATION (Pages 87-93) This section includes additional information useful to designers such as material specifications, references to other codes and standards, conversion tables etc. Because of the great diversity of ports and vessels around the world, it would be impossible to cover every conceivable fendering requirement within a single catalogue. Fentek is always happy to assist with all aspects of fender design – please contact us for further information. Tankers WHY FENDER? Fenders are a form of insurance – giving day-to-day peace of mind, but offering real protection when they are needed most during heavy or abnormal impacts. Like any insurance, the protection a fender system provides will depend on the supplier, their experience, the product quality and the level of service and at no additional cost. Ports and their customers – the shipping lines – stand to gain or lose most from good or mediocre fenders. Quality designs made from the best materials with attention to detail will last longer and require less maintenance. They will help to improve operational efficiency and turnaround times. Better protection from damage for both ships and structures goes without saying, but it is sometimes overlooked that a well designed and visually attractive fender system can be a real and positive asset when attracting new users to a facility. 2 support they provide. A well conceived fender system should provide many other advantages – such as reduced reaction forces which can help save considerable amounts on new-build structures or by extending the life and usefulness of existing berths. When it comes to construction, welldesigned fenders will be easier, faster and less expensive to install. The right fenders can also give the competitive edge to contractors' tenders, by saving on other material costs like steel and concrete. Or they may be more versatile, providing extra benefits to the end user WHY FENTEK? Fentek is the market leader in advanced fendering solutions. With a history dating back three decades and a track record covering hundreds of thousands of individual fenders around the globe, the expertise and experience available to Fentek’s customers is truly second to none. Virtually every component of Fentek’s fenders are made in-house – from simple extrusions to the world’s largest and most sophisticated systems – giving us control over designs and engineering that is impossible to match with thirdparty suppliers. Headquartered in Hamburg, Germany, the division has strategically located technical and sales offices plus a network of trained agents in most markets. To develop the business further, Fentek came under the umbrella of the Trelleborg Group of Sweden in April 2001. Since then, customers have continued to benefit from Fentek’s entrepreneurial attitude to fender challenges backed up by the extensive technical and financial resources of Trelleborg. Fentek's success is primarily due to the effort and careful thought put into the large and small details of each and every design. Our goal is to achieve the best value for money and lowest full life cost on every project – something our many satisfied customers can testify to. Every Fentek system, large or small, is designed and checked by qualified engineers. Our aim is to go further than mere compliance with specifications. We refine designs to make best use of modern materials and manufacturing practices, they are easier to install, more robust and last longer with less maintenance. Fentek fender systems make the difference. ❍ Possibly Suitable Super Cones Unit Element Unit Element V-Fenders Parallel Motion Arch Fenders (AN) Arch Fenders (ANP) Cylindricals (Larger) Cylindricals (Small) Pneumatic Fenders Hydro-pneumatic Fenders Foam Fenders RoRo • Generally suitable Tugs (Ship Mounted) High Speed Ferries Bridge Protection Passenger Ferry Lock Entrances General Cargo Pleasure Craft Naval Vessels Jetty Corners Fishing Boats Tugs (Berths) Why fender? Why Fentek... P R O D U C T M AT R I X This matrix is intended as a guide to the suitability of Fentek fenders to various applications as follows: Gas Carriers Submarines Cruise Ship Pile Guides Bulk cargo Dry Docks Linkspans Container Pontoons Page 4 10 16 18 • • • • • • ❍ ❍ • • • • ❍ ❍ • ❍ ❍ • ❍ ❍ • • • • • • • • • • • • • ❍ ❍ • ❍ • ❍ • • • ❍ • • • ❍ • • ❍ ❍ ❍ • • ❍ • • • • • • • • • • ❍ ❍ ❍ • • • • • • • ❍❍ • • ❍ ❍ ❍ • ❍ ❍ • ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ • • ❍❍❍❍❍ • • ❍ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ❍ • • ❍ • • • • •❍ • • • • • • ❍ • •❍ • • • • ❍❍❍❍ ❍ • • • • ❍❍❍❍ ❍ • ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ 22 22 26 26 30 33 ❍ ❍ ❍ • • • • ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ 34 36 37 38 42 44 46 48 50 53 54 55 56 59 60 63 Donut Fenders ❍ ❍ ❍ Shear Fenders Wheel Fenders Roller Fenders UHMW Polythene HD-PE Sliding Fenders D & Square Fenders Composite Fenders M-Fenders Block fenders Cube Fenders Tug Cylindricals Wing-D Fenders Chains & Accessories Anchors ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ • • • • • • • • • • • • • ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ • • • • • ❍ •❍ • • ❍ ❍ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ❍❍ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ❍• • • • ❍ ❍ • ❍ • • • • • ❍❍❍ • ❍ ❍• ❍ ❍ • • • ❍ ❍ • • • ❍ ❍ • • • ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ • ❍ • • • • • • • • 3 USING THIS CATALOGUE SUPER CONE FENDERS SUPER CONE FENDER DIMENSIONS Fender H ØW ØU C D ØB Anchors ØS Head Bolts SCN 300 SCN 350 SCN 400 SCN 500 SCN 550 SCN 600 SCN 700 SCN 800 SCN 900 SCN 1000 SCN 1050 SCN 1100 SCN 1200 SCN 1300 SCN 1400 300 350 400 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1050 1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2000 500 570 650 800 880 960 1120 1280 1440 1600 1680 1760 1920 2080 2240 2560 2880 3200 295 330 390 490 540 590 685 785 885 980 1030 1080 1175 1275 1370 1570 1765 1955 27~37 27~37 30~40 32~42 32~42 40~52 40~52 40~52 40~52 50~65 50~65 50~65 57~80 65~90 65~90 65~90 75~100 80~105 15 15 20 25 25 30 35 35 35 35 40 40 40 40 50 60 60 90 440 510 585 730 790 875 1020 1165 1313 1460 1530 1605 1750 1900 2040 2335 2625 2920 4-M20 4-M20 4-M24 4-M24 4-M24 4-M30 4-M30 6-M30 6-M30 6-M36 6-M36 8-M36 8-M42 8-M48 8-M48 8-M48 10-M56 10-M56 255 275 340 425 470 515 600 685 770 855 900 940 1025 1100 1195 1365 1540 1710 4-M20 4-M20 4-M24 4-M24 4-M24 4-M30 4-M30 6-M30 6-M30 6-M36 6-M36 8-M36 8-M42 8-M48 8-M48 8-M48 10-M56 10-M56 45 52 60 75 82 90 105 120 135 150 157 165 180 195 210 240 270 300 Z Weight (kg) 31 40 74 144 195 240 395 606 841 1120 1360 1545 1970 2455 3105 4645 6618 9560 Super Cone Fenders ▲ Nhava Sheva (INDIA) SCN 1600 SCN 1800 SCN 2000 All dimensions in millimetres. Anchor and head bolt locations are equispaced on the same pitch circle diameter. 4 Super Cones are the latest generation of "cell" fender combining excellent energy capacity with low reaction force to give the most efficient performance of any fender type. The conical shape keeps the body stable under all combinations of axial, shear and angular loading, making it ideal for berths where large berthing angles and heavy impacts need to be accommodated. All Super Cones are single piece mouldings – unlike traditional "cell" types – so they are robust, long lasting and easy to install. Optional overload stops can be moulded inside the cone to prevent over compression, making the Super Cone extremely reliable and resistant to accident damage. Soft structures such as monopiles, dolphins and open piled jetties can often be built more economically due to the very low loads generated by Super Cones. UHMW-PE faced steel frontal frames are generally used in conjunction with Super Cones, although they have also been used with great success behind fender piles, in Parallel Motion systems and for numerous other applications. C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Highly efficient shape • Excellent under large berthing angles and shear • Large range of sizes • Versatile design suits numerous applications • Choice of standard & intermediate compounds ▼ Star Cruise Berth, Langkawi (MALAYSIA) ▼ Pontile Elba, Livorno (ITALY) Optional Overload Stop • Stable geometry maintains performance under all loading combinations • Well proven design – thousands in use • Easy and fast to install • Optional overload stop (unique to Super Cones). ØB ØS Z H D ØW ØU C A P P L I C AT I O N Super Cone systems can be used by most vessels on almost any berthing structure including:• Container Terminals • Tanker Berths • RoRo & Cruise Berths • Dolphins & Monopiles • Bulk Terminals • General Cargo Facilities • Parallel Motion Fenders • Fender Walls • Many other applications ▲ Ferry Terminal, Kiel (GERMANY) ▲ Barry Lock Entrance (WALES) 5 SUPER CONE FENDERS 1 ER RR E2.7 132 22.5 ER RR E2.8 133 25.8 84 12. berthing angles etc) as follows:EXAMPLE: SCN1000(E2) Rated Energy from performance table.5 70 9.036 SCN 2000 70 60 1 20 50 Re ac tio n 1 00 30 60 20 40 r Ene 10 gy 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Def l ection (%) 0 I N T E R M E D I AT E D E F L E C T I O N TA B L E D(%) 0 E(%) R(%) 0 5 1 10 4 39 15 8 59 20 15 75 25 22 89 30 31 35 40 40 50 45 59 92 50 67 84 55 75 77 60 82 73 65 89 77 70 72 75 96 100 106 91 100 118 C ALCULATION E XAMPLE The graph and table can be used to estimate the fender performance at intermediate deflections as follows:EXAMPLE:SCN900(E2.2 68 9. Reactions (RR) are in kN. (see p.8 72 10.3 149 29.4 318 0. RR: 920kN Performance at 15°angular compression: Energy → E␣ = 0.0 153 29.2 135 22.8 ER RR E2.9 79 11.4 117 19.544 SCN 1050 SCN 1100 450 788 500 875 514 899 527 923 541 947 554 971 568 995 581 1019 595 1043 608 1067 622 1091 635 1115 652 1145 669 1174 686 1204 703 1233 720 1263 737 1292 754 1322 771 1351 788 1381 805 1410 886 1551 0.9 ER RR E1.2 100 16.4 91 14.8 ER RR E1. RR: 845kN Performance at 45% deflection: Energy → E45 = 0. faced with UHMW-PE pads.9 114 0.5 ER RR E1.6 107 18.1 204 0.7 157 30.9 120 20.7 59 8.1 122 22.6 145 28.8 169 32.3 ER RR E1.138 SCN 300 SCN 350 12.7 98 16.6 289 74.8 258 62.7 ER RR E1.SUPER CONE FENDERS SUPER CONE FENDERS PERFORMANCE Energy Index E0.4 89 12.6 77 10.414 SCN 800 SCN 900 248 527 275 585 282 601 289 617 296 633 303 649 310 665 317 681 324 697 331 713 338 729 345 745 355 765 364 785 374 805 383 825 393 845 402 865 412 885 421 905 431 925 440 945 484 1040 0. Standard tolerances apply.6 185 38.6 209 50.4 104 15.725 SCN 1400 SCN 1600 1382 1670 1535 1855 1577 1905 1618 1955 1660 2005 1701 2055 1743 2105 1784 2155 1826 2205 1867 2255 1909 2305 1950 2355 2003 2418 2056 2480 2109 2543 2162 2605 2215 2668 2268 2730 2321 2793 2374 2855 2427 2918 2480 2980 2728 3278 0.59 x 393 = 232kNm Reaction → R45 = 0.2 283 67.9 142 27. ER: 393kNm Rated Reaction from performance table.1 102 14.571 SCN 1100 SCN 1200 585 941 650 1045 668 1073 685 1101 703 1129 720 1157 738 1185 755 1213 773 1241 790 1269 808 1297 825 1325 847 1361 869 1396 891 1432 913 1467 935 1503 957 1538 979 1574 1001 1609 1023 1645 1045 1680 1150 1848 0.1 74 10.4 119 22.9 187 43.3 123 20.5 136 26.5 111 19.5 173 33.7 102 17.86 x 475 = 409kNm Reaction → R␣ = 0.163 SCN 350 SCN 400 18.5 128 24.0 ER RR E1.2 139 26.9 181 34.2 131 24.4 155 0. Super Cones are usually used with a steel frontal panel.256 SCN 550 SCN 600 63 225 70 250 72 257 74 263 76 270 78 276 80 283 82 289 84 296 86 302 88 309 90 315 93 324 96 332 99 341 102 349 105 358 108 366 111 375 114 383 117 392 120 400 132 440 0.9 67 9.518 SCN 1000 SCN 1050 392 720 435 800 447 822 458 843 470 865 481 886 493 908 504 929 516 951 527 972 539 994 550 1015 565 1042 580 1069 595 1096 610 1123 625 1150 640 1177 655 1204 670 1231 685 1258 700 1285 770 1414 0.5 80 13.1 ER RR E/R (⑀) SCN 300 7.830 SCN 1600 SCN 1800 1967 2115 2185 2350 2244 2413 2303 2476 2362 2539 2421 2602 2480 2665 2539 2728 2598 2791 2657 2854 2716 2917 2775 2980 2851 3060 2926 3139 3002 3219 3077 3298 3153 3378 3228 3457 3304 3537 3379 3616 3455 3696 3530 3775 3883 4153 0.0 214 51.6 138 23.96 x 920 = 883kN All Energy Absorption and Reaction Force values are at nominal Rated Deflection of 72%.88) Maximum deflection is 75%.3 96 15.232 SCN 500 SCN 550 49 198 54 220 56 226 58 231 59 237 61 242 63 248 65 253 67 259 68 264 70 270 72 275 74 283 76 290 77 298 79 305 81 313 83 320 85 328 86 335 88 343 90 350 99 385 0.6 ER RR E1.92 x 845 = 777kN 0 19 97 100 98 ENERGY & REACTION ANGULAR CORRECTION FACTORS Angle(O) E(%) R(%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 88 16 84 94 18 80 89 20 74 82 22 67 74 24 61 67 26 56 62 28 53 63 30 53 74 100 103 105 105 103 100 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 ENERGY & REACTION ANGULAR CORRECTION FACTORS C ALCULATION E XAMPLE The adjacent graph can be used to estimate the fender performance under angular compression (due to bow flares.4 161 31.2 264 63.7 116 21.8 126 21.3 205 48.1 ER RR E1.5 82 11. Energies (ER) are in kNm.1 104 17.9 ER RR E3.932 SCN 1800 SCN 2000 2700 2610 3000 2900 3080 2978 3160 3056 Reaction (%of Rated) 120 GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 110 100 Rated Reaction (R R ) 90 80 3240 3134 3320 3212 3400 3290 3480 3368 3560 3446 3640 3524 3720 3602 3800 3680 3904 3778 4008 3876 4112 3974 4216 4072 4320 4170 4424 4268 4528 4366 4632 4464 4736 4562 4840 4660 5324 5126 1.7 ER RR E2.290 SCN 600 SCN 700 117 320 130 355 134 365 137 374 141 384 144 393 148 403 151 412 155 422 158 431 162 441 165 450 169 462 173 474 177 486 181 498 185 510 189 522 193 534 197 546 201 558 205 570 226 627 0.(see p.0 227 55.3 129 21.5 97 13.8 125 23.3 95 13.6 ER RR E2.6 104 20.2 191 44.4 252 60.7 223 54.6 196 45.8 100 14.2 ER RR E1.0 93 13.3 ER RR E2.2 ER RR E2.6 65 8.1 246 59.5 270 64.1 141 25.0 ER RR E2.8 93 15.5) Rated Energy from performance table.466 SCN 900 SCN 1000 338 653 375 725 385 745 395 764 405 784 415 803 425 823 435 842 445 862 455 881 465 901 475 920 488 945 501 969 514 994 527 1018 540 1043 553 1067 566 1092 579 1116 592 1141 605 1165 666 1282 0.7 91 13.2 177 33.0 114 19.186 SCN 400 SCN 500 36.9 ER RR E2.5 164 40. Performance values are for a single Super Cone.4 75 10.364 SCN 700 SCN 800 171 419 190 465 196 478 201 490 207 503 212 515 218 528 223 540 229 553 234 565 240 578 245 590 252 606 258 621 265 637 271 652 278 668 284 683 291 699 297 714 304 730 310 745 341 820 0.674 SCN 1300 SCN 1400 927 1278 1030 1420 1058 1459 1085 1497 1113 1536 1140 1574 1168 1613 1195 1651 1223 1690 1250 1728 1278 1767 1305 1805 1341 1853 1376 1901 1412 1949 1447 1997 1483 2045 1518 2093 1554 2141 1589 2189 1625 2237 1660 2285 1826 2514 0.7 239 58.4 233 56.9 200 47.1 86 12.0 ER RR E3.4 ER RR E2.4 ER RR E1.9 277 66.2 80 11.9 89 14.3 218 52.1 165 31.622 SCN 1200 SCN 1300 743 1103 825 1225 847 1258 869 1291 891 1324 913 1357 935 1390 957 1423 979 1456 1001 1489 1023 1522 1045 1555 1074 1597 1102 1638 1131 1680 1159 1721 1188 1763 1216 1804 1245 1846 1273 1887 1302 1929 1330 1970 1463 2167 0.89) ␣ Energy (% of Rated) 40 80 6 7 SUPER CONE FENDERS ▼ ▼ .5 182 41.0 109 18. ER: 475kNm Rated Reaction from performance table. Rostock (GERMANY) ▲ Mukran Fender Wall.SUPER CONE FENDER CLEARANCES 0. please consult a Fentek office. The rear of the fender panel must also clear adjacent structures – the indicated value* does not allow for bow flares. though the indicated value is suitable for most cases. Sassnitz (GERMANY) 1. the body diameter increases. Exact panel clearance may vary from project to project.15H As the Super Cone is compressed.5 x Super Cone weight n = Number of Super Cone fenders Intermediate Energy Indices may be interpolated. Note that fenders can be rotated about their axis to maximise anchor bolt edge distances.0 x Super Cone weight n x 1. Appropriate edge distances for anchor bolts are also important for secure fixing of the fender. The following table gives a guide to the permissible panel weight before support chains are required.1H E2 E3 Permissible Panel Weight (kg) n x 1. berthing angles and other effects which may reduce clearances. adequate clearances must be provided. Super Cones can cope with axial tension. SUPER CONE FENDERS IN TENSION H 0. If in doubt. As a guide. level of reinforcement and structural loads.3 x Super Cone weight n x 1.0H ▲ Multipurpose Quay. ▲ Canal Bridge Barrier (GERMANY) Typical Super Cone Cantilever fender system with tension and weight chains 9 SUPER CONE FENDERS ▼ .8H W Each Super Cone fender can support a significant weight. If this is likely then tension chains should be used. the tensile force should not exceed the rated reaction of the fender. Minimum edge distance will depend on concrete grade. To ensure that the Super Cone does not contact adjacent fenders or structures. ▲ Kelang Container Terminal (MALAYSIA) F 8 These diagrams are intended as a guide only. Energy Index E1 1.75H* SUPER CONE FENDER WEIGHT SUPPORT C A PA C I T Y S U P E R C O N E F E N D E R I N S TA L L AT I O N E X A M P L E S 1. C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Modular design allows limitless setting out arrangements • Efficiency buckling column profile for high energy and low reaction • Choice of symmetrical and asymmetric bolting arrangements • Excellent shear resistance in lengthwise plane • Thicker section body means lower stresses • Small bolt pockets do not trap water and are easy to access • UE-V fender shields can be bolted from the front using asymmetric elements • Sizes to suit every application • Choice of standard and intermediate compounds • Standard and non-standard lengths available • Easy and quick to install ▼ Pinto Wharf Cruise Terminal (MALTA) ▼ West Lead-In Jetty. UE-V fenders combine high energy capacity with low friction face and high wear resistance. Bulk Cargo and RoRo berths. Barges etc. The versatility of Unit Element fenders makes them suitable for almost all applications. Please consult Fentek for further guidance. These systems are widely used for where larger vessels berth – including Container Quays. A P P L I C AT I O N Unit Element Fenders ▲ Qafac Berth (QATAR) J Unit Element designs can be used by most vessels on almost any berthing structure including:• • • • • Container Terminals Tanker Berths RoRo & Cruise Berths Dolphins & Monopiles Bulk Terminals 2000L 1500L M Unit Elements are a high performance. The simplest Unit Element system is the UE-V fender which employs pair(s) of elements and a structural UHMW-PE face shield in a choice of black or high visibility colours – all non-marking. General Cargo. Preferred Lengths Common Non-Standard Lengths Refer to Fentek UE 550 UE 600 UE 700 UE 750 UE 800 UE 900 UE 1000 UE 1200 UE 1400 UE 1600 x 10 11 UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS . Tanker Terminals. Typical non-standard sizes are indicated. Elements can be combined in unlimited permutations of length. System fenders combine the same Unit Elements with steel frames (fender panels) and UHMW-PE face pads. although other lengths and special bolting patterns are also available upon request. Immingham (ENGLAND) J • • • • • General Cargo Facilities Parallel Motion Fenders Fender Walls Small Ship Berths Many other applications B 1000L C Asymmetrical Bolting H D A K E E F W E K Lengths 600 750 900 1000 1200 1500 1800 2000 Symmetrical Bolting J UE 250 UE 300 UE 400 UE 500 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Designers are not limited to standard Unit Element lengths.UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS UNIT ELEMENT FENDER DIMENSIONS Fender UE 250 UE 300 UE 400 UE 500 UE 550 UE 600 UE 700 UE 750 UE 800 UE 900 UE 1000 UE 1200 UE 1400 UE 1600 H 250 300 400 500 550 600 700 750 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 A 107 130 160 195 210 225 270 285 300 335 365 435 495 565 B 114 138 183 229 252 275 321 344 366 412 458 557 641 733 C 69 84 99 119 126 133 163 170 178 198 212 252 282 321 D 20 25 25 30 32 35 35 38 38 42 46 46 50 50 F 152 184 244 306 336 366 428 458 486 550 610 736 856 978 J 31 38 38 42 42 42 56 56 57 60 60 61 67 76 M 25~35 30~40 30~40 40~52 40~52 40~52 50~65 50~65 50~65 57~80 57~80 65~90 65~90 75~100 W 214 260 320 390 420 450 540 570 600 670 730 870 990 1130 K 50 50 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 E 300 300 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Anchors M20 M24 M24 M30 M30 M30 M36 M36 M36 M42 M42 M48 M48 M56 Weight (kg/m) 30 42 93 130 160 174 258 296 310 400 476 653 955 1220 All dimensions in millimetres. modular system. orientation and Energy Index to suit a wide variety of applications. They make an economic alternative to cylindrical and Arch fenders for a variety of general purpose applications suitable for many ship types including Ferries. It is generally preferred to keep element length greater than its height. Unit Elements are usually employed in pairs with either a steel frontal panel or a UHMW-PE face shield.6 117 15.3 117 12.9 E2.341 UE 750 UE 800 84 228 93 253 96 261 99 268 101 276 104 283 107 291 110 299 113 306 115 314 118 321 121 329 125 339 128 349 132 358 135 368 139 378 143 388 146 398 150 407 153 417 157 427 173 470 0. ␣ All Energy Absorption and Reaction Force values are at nominal Rated Deflection of 57.7 145 15. RR: 1.3 90 9.4 142 36.0 242 57.7 111 12.7 191 44.5 182 42.5 248 59.0 136 17. (see p.8 E1.414 UE 900 UE 1000 131 284 146 316 150 326 155 335 159 345 163 354 168 364 172 373 176 383 180 392 185 402 189 411 195 423 200 436 206 448 212 460 218 473 223 485 229 497 235 509 240 522 246 534 271 587 0.5) – 2 Elements Rated Energy from performance table.5 174 22.5 E2.1 E2.0 E1.5% Energies (ER) are in kNm.461 UE 1000 UE 1200 186 340 207 378 213 389 220 401 226 412 232 424 239 435 245 446 251 458 257 469 264 481 270 492 278 507 286 522 294 537 302 552 311 567 319 582 327 597 335 612 343 627 351 642 386 706 0.0 153 19. Reactions (RR) are in kN.5 157 20. ER: 1.8 111 14. Performance values are for a single element.92 x 762 = 701kN ENERGY & REACTION ANGULAR CORRECTION FACTORS C ALCULATION E XAMPLE The graph can be used to estimate the fender performance under sectionwise angular compression (due to bow flares.5 x 2 x 81kNm = 243kNm Rated Reaction from performance table.6 93 9.124 UE 300 UE 400 21 113 23 126 24 130 24 134 25 137 26 141 27 145 27 149 28 153 29 156 29 160 30 164 31 169 32 174 33 179 34 184 35 189 35 194 36 199 37 204 38 209 39 214 43 235 0.368 UE 800 UE 900 106 256 118 284 122 293 125 301 129 310 132 318 136 327 139 336 143 344 146 353 150 361 153 370 158 381 162 392 167 403 171 414 176 426 181 437 185 448 190 459 194 470 199 481 219 529 0.4 108 11.5 E1.9 200 47.0 170 21.0 178 24.5 236 56.7 95 13.183 UE 400 UE 500 32.276 UE 600 UE 700 63 199 70 221 72 228 74 234 77 241 79 247 81 254 83 261 85 267 88 274 90 280 92 287 95 296 98 305 100 313 103 322 106 331 109 340 112 349 114 357 117 366 120 375 132 413 0.2 98 10.9 E3.3 E1.737 UE 1600 Reaction (% of Rated) 130 GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 120 110 R a t e d R e a c t i o n ( R R) 100 90 80 70 50 Re ac tio n 60 120 100 30 60 20 40 Ene 10 rgy 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 D ef lecti on ( %) 35 40 45 50 55 60 0 I N T E R M E D I AT E D E F L E C T I O N TA B L E D(%) 0 E(%) R(%) 0 0 5 1 23 10 5 47 15 12 69 20 21 87 25 32 97 30 43 100 35 54 97 40 65 90 45 75 85 50 84 84 55 95 92 57.1 E/R (⑀) ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR ER RR UE 250 8. berthing angles.5 149 19.8 127 16.8 134 14.0 88 9.0 E2.4 124 15.5 62.95 x 243 = 231kNm Reaction → R55 = 0. ship beltings etc) as follows:EXAMPLE: UE1200x1000(E2.5 163 0. (see p.5 224 53.0 267 68.5 131 13.5 100 100 113 121 C ALCULATION E XAMPLE The graph and table can be used to estimate the fender performance at intermediate deflections as follows:EXAMPLE: UE700x1500(E1.9 ER RR E1.5 165 21.2 127 13.319 UE 700 UE 750 73 214 81 238 84 245 86 252 89 259 91 266 94 274 96 281 99 288 101 295 104 302 106 309 109 318 112 328 115 337 118 347 122 356 125 365 128 375 131 384 134 394 137 403 151 443 0.9 124 13.0 x 2 x 537kN = 1074kN Performance at 5° angular compression and G/H ratio 0.5 211 50.2 167 39.3 172 40.0 230 54.2 196 0.5%. RR: 1.3 E2.0 205 48. Standard tolerances apply.9: Energy → E␣ = 0.5 140 18.3) – 2 Elements Rated Energy from performance table.6 186 43.8 103 11.UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS PERFORMANCE Energy Index E0.4 108 13.8 196 45.548 UE 1200 UE 1400 257 398 286 442 294 455 303 469 311 482 320 495 328 509 336 522 345 535 353 548 362 562 370 575 381 592 392 610 404 627 415 644 426 662 437 679 448 696 460 713 471 731 482 748 530 823 0.1 79 9.4 177 41.254 UE 550 UE 600 47 171 52 190 54 196 55 201 57 207 58 212 60 218 62 224 63 229 65 235 66 240 68 246 70 253 72 261 74 268 76 276 79 283 81 290 83 298 85 305 87 313 89 320 98 352 0.2 E1.92 x 588 = 541kNm Reaction also reduces under angular compression so worst case reaction occurs at 0° compression angle.2 114 14.88) Maximum deflection is 62.7 E1.645 UE 1400 UE 1600 337 455 374 506 385 521 396 536 407 552 418 567 429 582 440 597 451 612 462 628 473 643 484 658 499 678 513 697 528 717 542 736 557 756 572 776 586 795 601 815 615 834 630 854 693 939 0.0 217 51.0 E3.7 E2.4 E1.1 E1.6 133 17.2 294 0.0 x 2 x 294kNm = 588kNm Rated Reaction from performance table.2 130 16.0 144 18.8 E2.4 141 14.89) H G Energy (% of Rated) 40 80 12 13 UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS ▼ ▼ .4 E2. ER: 1.9 95 10.2 E2.5 261 62.0 105 13.1 106 11. 1000mm long.1 138 14.6 E1.103 UE 250 UE 300 11.0 121 15.0 148 16.5 x 2 x 254kN = 762kN Performance at 55% deflection: Energy → E55 = 0.1 163 38.0 255 60.5 100 10.0 113 12.6 120 12.0 161 20.6 E2.230 UE 500 UE 550 40 157 44 174 45 179 47 184 48 190 49 195 51 200 52 205 53 210 54 216 56 221 57 226 59 233 61 240 62 246 64 253 66 260 68 267 70 274 71 280 73 287 75 294 83 323 0.0 158 37. The following table gives a guide to the permissible panel weight before support chains are required. H As the Unit Element fender is compressed. though the indicated value is suitable for most cases. Exact panel clearance may vary from project to project. level of reinforcement and structural loads. If this is likely then tension chains should be used. adequate clearances must be provided.18% ▲ Port Said Container Terminal (EGYPT) P WE WP ▲ 207 Berth. Southampton Container Terminal (ENGLAND) ‘V’ on Elevation P ‘V’ on Plan Unit Elements can support a significant weight.UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS UNIT ELEMENT FENDER CLEARANCES 0. Energy Index Permissible Panel Weight (kg) WE = n x 690 x H x L WE = n x 900 x H x L WE = n x 1170 x H x L WP = n x 1230 x H x L WP = n x 1600 x H x L WP = n x 2080 x H x L ▲ Corner Fender. Minimum edge distance will depend on concrete grade. Setubal (PORTUGAL) Typical Unit Element panel fender system with weight and shear chains ▼ Unit Elements can cope with axial tension. As a guide. “n” is the number of element pairs. Appropriate edge distances for anchor bolts are also important for secure fixing of the fender. The rear of the fender panel must also clear adjacent structures – the indicated value* does not allow for bow flares. 15 UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS . and the direction of the “V” can be reversed to minimise footprint size and maximise anchor bolt edge distances. Note that fenders can be mounted horizontally or vertically. If in doubt. Marseille (FRANCE) P E1 E2 E3 2P Dimensions “H” & “L” are in metres.1E (see dimensions table) UNIT ELEMENT FENDER WEIGHT SUPPORT C A PA C I T Y H H U N I T E L E M E N T F E N D E R I N S TA L L AT I O N E X A M P L E S 2P L 2P 72ppi . UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS IN TENSION F 14 ▲ Hydrolift Dry Dock. These diagrams are intended as a guide only. To ensure that the Unit Element does not contact adjacent fenders or structures. Values are based on a pair of elements. its width increases. berthing angles and other effects which may reduce clearances. Intermediate Energy Indices may be interpolated. the tensile force should not exceed the rated reaction of the fender. depending on orientation of the elements.65H* P = 0. please consult a Fentek office. All Energies (ER) are in kNm and Reactions (RR) are in kN. By combining several pairs of elements with a continuous shield. (see p. UE-V fenders in excess of 6000mm long can be constructed.5%. Performance values are for a single UE-V fender. Mukran (GERMANY) 17 UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS . Rated deflection is 57. UNIT ELEMENT V-FENDERS G Type V1 S L H P T ▲ Jebel Ali. Many other shield widths and element spacings are possible with UE-V fenders.UNIT ELEMENT FENDERS UNIT ELEMENT V-FENDERS Unit Element V-fenders (UE-V) consist of pairs of elements with a UHMW-PE shield to make a simple but highly versatile design. 1000mm long. Dubai (UAE) G Type V2 S L ▲ UE-V Fenders on circular turning dolphin H P T ▼ UE-V Fenders mounted vertically or horizontally on linear quay face ▲ Type V2 UE-V fender G Type V3 S L H ▲ Jebel Ali (DUBAI) T ▲ UE-V fender pontoon pile guide UE-V FENDERS PERFORMANCE Fender UE-V Fender E1 R 158 190 252 316 348 380 442 476 506 E 18 26 46 72 88 104 140 162 186 R 206 246 328 410 452 492 574 618 658 E2 E 24 34 60 94 114 136 184 212 242 R 266 320 428 534 588 640 750 806 854 E3 E 30 44 78 124 150 178 240 274 314 UE-V FENDER TYPICAL DIMENSIONS Fender UE-V Fender UE 250 UE 300 UE 400 UE 500 UE 550 UE 600 UE 700 UE 750 Type V1 H 250 300 400 500 550 600 700 750 S 250 290 370 440 470 500 590 620 G 250 290 370 440 470 500 590 620 S 460 550 690 830 890 950 1130 1190 Type V2 G 250 290 370 440 470 500 590 620 S 460 550 690 830 890 950 1130 1190 Type V3 G 460 550 690 830 890 950 1130 1190 1230 P 30 30 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 T 70 70 80 90 90 90 100 100 100 Anchors M20 M24 M24 M30 M30 M30 M36 M36 M36 UE 250 UE 300 UE 400 UE 500 UE 550 UE 600 UE 700 UE 750 UE 800 16 UE 800 800 640 640 1230 640 1230 All dimensions in millimetres. The shield width can be increased and reduced.89) ▲ Passenger Quay. UE-V fenders are also available in intermediate Energy Indices. Standard tolerances apply. element spacing may be adjusted to suit each application. Please consult Fentek for advice on UE-V fenders 900mm high and above. Hoek van Holland (NETHERLANDS) and supporting chains are eliminated.PARALLEL MOTION FENDERS Parallel Motion systems accept large berthing angles without loss of performance. Parallel Motion systems use a non-tilt torsion arm mechanism which keeps the frontal panel vertical at all times irrespective of impact level. Dublin (IRELAND) ▲ HSS Berth. liquid and bulk terminals • Multi-user facilities • Monopile and elastic dolphin structures Parallel Motion Fenders ▲ HST. They combine high energy absorption with reaction forces 30~60% lower than conventional designs. yet allows the panel to rotate freely to cope with large berthing angles. All bearings are fully sealed to prevent ingress of water and debris. Parallel Motion systems remain vertical. Low freeboard vessels frequently contact below the centreline of fenders. causing conventional designs to tilt and impose line loads at deck level. Even the largest Parallel Motion systems can be fitted within an hour or two. whilst self lubricating composite bearing materials eliminate steel-to-steel contact. Best use is made of corrosion resistant stainless steels. Full life costs are less because Parallel Motion systems are virtually maintenance free and do not require periodic adjustment. Installation is very simple since there are only three bracket connections C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Berthing forces 30~60% lower than conventional designs • Reduced constructions costs • Non-tilt technology eliminates double contacts for low belting loads and hull pressures • Can accommodate very large berthing angles without loss of performance • Easy and fast to install • Low maintenance design and materials for reduced full life costs • Integrated or wall mounted torsion arms suit monopile and conventional berth structures • High speed ferries and conventional RoRo ships can share the same facilities • Sealed-for-life bearings on all hinge connections F ▲ HSS Berth. Forces are evenly spread to reduce contact loads – particularly important with new generations of aluminium hulled fast ferries coming into service. A P P L I C AT I O N • Fast ferries and catamaran berths • Conventional RoRo berths • Oil. Irrespective of impact level. Non-tilt technology eliminates undesirable double contacts when belted vessels use the fenders. Berths using Parallel Motion systems are more economic to build since less concrete is needed and smaller piles can be used to withstand the reduced berthing forces. Frontal panels are closed-box construction with advanced paint coatings and low-friction UHMW-PE face pads. Merchant Ferries. Parallel Motion systems are equally suited to tanker and bulk terminals serving large and small ships. Immingham (UK) • Open pile jetties and wharves • Locations with very large tidal range • Lead-in structures and turning dolphins 18 Fentek Parallel Motion fender systems are the zenith of modern fender technology. Parallel Motion fenders always remain vertical to provide low and uniform hull pressures. Hoek van Holland (NETHERLANDS) 19 PARALLEL MOTION FENDERS ▲ . They are ideal for terminals used by low freeboard vessels to ensure uniform hull pressure distributions and also on RoRo berths to eliminate double impacts. though can also be installed onto monopiles and jackets.843 0.699 0.219 1.5 E 2. Immingham (ENGLAND) PARALLEL MOTION FENDERS 21 .5 E 1.7 E 2.821 0.8 E 0.5 111 28 145 54 227 72 275 90 315 165 450 245 590 34 745 475 920 550 1015 635 1115 825 1325 1045 1555 1305 1805 1950 2355 2775 2980 3800 3680 Compound Correction E 0.PARALLEL MOTION FENDERS S I N G L E C O N E P M F S Y S T E M S – S TA N D A R D S I Z E S A N D P E R F O R M A N C E S T W I N C O N E P M F S Y S T E M S – S TA N D A R D S I Z E S A N D P E R F O R M A N C E S Rated Energy (kNm) Rated Reaction (kN) SCN300 SCN350 SCN400 SCN500 SCN550 SCN600 SCN700 SCN800 SCN900 SCN1000 SCN1050 SCN1100 SCN1200 SCN1300 SCN1400 SCN1600 SCN1800 SCN2000 E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R E R Compound Index E2 11.3 E 2.2 E 2.247 1.055 1.911 0.621 0.955 0.8 E 2.192 1. ▲ Typical fender footprint 0.9 E 1.699 Rated Energy (kNm) Rated Reaction (kN) SCN300 SCN350 SCN400 E R E R E R SCN500 SCN550 SCN600 SCN700 SCN800 E R E R E R E R E R SCN900 SCN1000 SCN1050 SCN1100 SCN1200 E R E R E R E R E R SCN1300 ▲ Typical fender footprint Compound Index E2 23 82 37 111 55 145 108 227 144 275 180 315 330 450 490 590 690 745 950 920 1100 1015 1270 1115 1650 1325 2090 1555 2610 1805 3900 2355 5550 2980 7600 3680 Compound Correction E 0.6 E 1.137 1.5 E 2.8 E 2.399 Single cone and Unit Element based Parallel Motion fender systems can reduce structural loads by 30~50%.9 E 3.110 1.7 E 1. These systems are most easily installed onto concrete decks of jetties and dolphins.000 1.219 1.055 1.2 E 1.8 E 1. They are ideally suited to larger displacement ferries as well as latest generations of high speed catamarans and monohulls.888 0.799 0. SCN1800 SCN2000 E R E R E R E R E R SCN1400 20 ▲ BICC Cables.0 E 3.4 E 1.000 1.6 E 2.933 0.9 E 1.843 0.137 1.9 E 2.1 0.6 E 2.399 Twin cone Parallel Motion fender systems can reduce structural loads by 40~60%.5 E 1.3 E 2.0 E 1.0 E 2.9 E 3.933 0.821 0.027 1.1 E 2.8 E 0.955 0.866 0.2 E 2. These systems are generally installed onto monopiles or jackets which benefit most from the low reaction force.3 E 1.274 1.4 E 2.9 E 2.082 1.1 E 1.911 0.8 E 1.192 SCN1600 1.274 1.3 E 1.Erith (ENGLAND) ▲ During installation of Dunlaoghaire HSS Berth (IRELAND) ▲ Åaro Faergefart (DENMARK) ▲ Mukran (GERMANY) ▲ Harwich (ENGLAND) ▲ HIT.978 1.4 E 2. They are ideal for most ferry applications as well as for tanker terminals and bulk cargo berths where uniform hull pressure at all states of the tide is desirable.799 0.0 E 2.0 E 1.776 0.978 1.0 E 3.888 0.543 0.164 1.2 E 1.110 1.247 1.7 E 1.1 0.621 0.164 1.4 E 1.1 E 2.5 82 18.6 E 1.866 0.776 0.7 E 0.027 1.543 0.7 E 2.1 E 1.082 1.7 E 0. the previous A-H and A-HTP series Arch Fenders are available upon request. ARCH FENDER 23 . H D AN ARCH FENDER K E E K Arch Fender F Fentek Arch Fenders have been consistently popular for many years. non-standard lengths. Their rugged construction. Fentek also makes special Arch fenders for wharf corner protection. Energy Indices E1. For refurbishment programmes. profiles and bolting patterns available upon request. Energy Index and end profile available A ANP ARCH FENDER X Y Q for attaching to a steel fender panel or pile. AN and ANP Arch Fenders are available in many sizes from 150mm to 1000mm high and in lengths of 1000mm to 3000mm (in 500mm increments). simplicity and versatility suits them to a wide variety of berths and wharves where they will give many years of troublefree service under even the most adverse of conditions. The latest AN and ANP series Arch Fenders offer improved efficiency and angular performance.5 75 100 125 150 200 250 E 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 PxQ 20 x 40 25 x 50 28 x 56 28 x 56 35 x 70 42 x 84 48 x 96 54 x 108 54 x 108 Anchors M16 M20 M24 M24 M30 M36 M42 M48 M48 Weight (kg/m) 28 46 68 106 185 278 411 770 1298 All dimensions in millimetres. lengths and Energy Indices • Non-standard lengths.ARCH FENDER AN & ANP ARCH FENDERS BODY DIMENSIONS Body Dimensions AN 150 AN 200 AN 250 AN 300 AN 400 AN 500 AN 600 AN 800 AN 1000 ANP 150 ANP 200 ANP 250 ANP 300 ANP 400 ANP 500 ANP 600 ANP 800 ANP 1000 H 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 A 108 142 164 194 266 318 373 499 580 B 240 320 400 480 640 800 960 1300 1550 W 326 422 500 595 808 981 1160 1550 1850 F 98 130 163 195 260 325 390 520 650 D 16 18 26 24 20 26 28 41 52 K 50 50 62. P V U L UHMW-PE Face Pads X Y 60~70 60~70 70~85 70~85 70~85 70~85 70~85 70~85 70~85 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 330~410 Steel Frame Connection X Y 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 70~90 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 Non-standard lengths. E2 and E3 are available as standard. with special end profiles and different bolting patterns. the ANP fender is ideal with its encapsulated steel head plate with integral bolting points. All Arch Fenders share the same single piece construction with encapsulated steel mounting plate vulcanised into the base flanges. L 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Anchors 6 No 8 No 10 No 12 No 14 No ANP 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 U 49 65 45 50 60 65 65 70 80 V 0 0 73 95 140 195 260 380 490 22 ▼ Al Sukhna Tug Haven (EGYPT) All dimensions in millimetres. The AN fender has a rubber contact face ideal for all general purpose applications. The ANP has two fixing arrangements to suit either UHMW-PE low-friction face pads or B W C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Rugged single piece moulding for long service life • Strong bolting arrangement is easy and quick to install • Choice of AN and ANP designs • Excellent shear resistance means shear chains rarely needed ▲ Ro-Ro Terminal. whilst the new anchor layout pattern give better stability and a stronger attachment to the supporting structure even under very heavy impacts. Please consult Fentek for further details. The higher friction of the rubber surface can be used to good effect to dampen the movements between vessel and wharf in sea swells and similar conditions. A major benefit of the ANP design is strength under static and dynamic shear loads – this allows large panels to be supported without chains. Where friction must be low or when a facing panel is required. For special or unusual applications. Lübeck (GERMANY) • Good weight support panels generally eliminates weight chains • Large range of sizes. AN and ANP fenders can be made in intermediate compounds. 9 15.88) Standard tolerances apply. Standard tolerances apply. Corner Arch fenders provide a simple.097 0. Reactions (RR) are in kN. Energies (ER) are in kNm. Corner Arch fenders work on the same principles as the AN-series Arch fender. (see p.084 0.1 51.5 16.231 0.0 151 269 420 RR 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 Efficiency Ratio (⑀) 0.5 29.251 0.4 39.6 9.5 47. Göteborg (SWEDEN) ▼ CORNER ARCH FENDERS Performance values are for a 1000mm long fender. L 0.3 37.126 0.2 105.9 20.078 0.311 0. Rated deflection is 54%.3 159 249 RR 89 118 148 178 237 296 355 473 592 ER 7.6 11.5%.9 17.168 0.9 160 250 E2 RR 96 128 160 192 256 321 385 513 641 ER 7. ARCH FENDER 25 .6 22.5 52.89) ANP ARCH FENDER PERFORMANCE E1 ANP 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 ER 5. Travemunde (GERMANY) ANP GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE Performance values are for a 1000mm long fender.194 0.5 40.117 0.2 29.155 0. They are of moulded.6 22.5 82.105 0.6 68.8 62. single-piece construction with encapsulated steel flanges which provides a strong connection to the supporting structure.6 10.ARCH FENDER AN GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE AN ARCH FENDER PERFORMANCE E1 AN 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 ER 4. Energies (ER) are in kNm. Reactions (RR) are in kN.0 15.1 20.0 116 210 328 E3 RR 127 169 211 253 338 422 507 675 844 Efficiency Ratio (⑀) 0.336 0.058 0.7 80.210 0.0 207 323 E2 RR 115 154 192 231 308 385 462 615 769 E3 ER 9.063 0. easily installed solution to prevent damage from smaller vessels. (see p. Rostock (GERMANY) All dimensions in millimetres.389 ▲ Pier 8.8 26. Nominal Rated Deflection is 51.4 89.8 116.25H F Arch Fenders.1 30.8 67.3 7.6 122 191 RR 74 99 123 148 197 247 296 394 493 ER 5.3 12.420 Berth corners are one of the most difficult areas to protect.1 89.0 62.4 13. D H K J B W CORNER ARCH FENDER DIMENSIONS Model CA 150 CA 250 CA 300 H 150 250 300 L 1000 750 700 W 300 500 600 B 240 410 490 D 25 40 44 F 95 160 190 J 110 130 140 K 690 420 360 Anchors 8 x M20 8 x M24 8 x M30 Weight (kg) 80 142 208 24 ▲ Åaro Faergefart (DENMARK) ▲ City Harbour. 368 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.53 0.8 13.50 0.164 0.52 0.279 0.53 0.7 3.54 0.304 0. They are simple to install and operate which makes these units an economical solution for remote locations and for multi user berths where vessel types cannot always be predicted.6 23. Fentek Cylindrical Fenders have protected ships and wharves.1 16.484 0.327 0.57 0. All Energy Absorption (ER) and Reaction Force (RR) values are at deflection equal to ID of fender.200 0.324 0.1 7.56 0.54 0.55 0.58 0. Performances values are for a 1000mm long fender Wrapped C O R E AT T R I B U T E S (mm) 100 x 50 125 x 65 150 x 75 175 x 75 200 x 90 200 x 100 250 x 125 300 x 150 380 x 190 400 x 200 450 x 225 500 x 250 600 x 300 700 x 400 750 x 400 800 x 400 875 x 500 925 x 500 1000 x 500 1050 x 600 1100 x 600 1200 x 600 1200 x 700 1300 x 700 1300 x 750 1400 x 700 1400 x 750 1400 x 800 1500 x 750 1500 x 800 1600 x 800 1600 x 900 1650 x 900 1750 x 900 1750 x 1000 1800 x 900 1850 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1200 2100 x 1200 2200 x 1200 2400 x 1200 CYLINDRICAL FENDER DIMENSIONS & PERFORMANCE OD x ID OD/ID R E P ⑀ Weight 0.50 0.086 0.8 175 253 309 377 449 482 567 702 695 795 1010 889 1122 1055 1375 1307 1235 1579 1506 1796 1637 1789 2107 1929 2273 2266 2806 2395 2778 3180 4041 Extruded ▲ Toulon.038 0.57 0. Their progressive load-deflection characteristics make the same fender suitable for both large and small vessels.047 0.50 0.57 0.6 100.8 1.299 0. smaller sizes are extruded which allows very long lengths to be produced. easy to install • Choice of mounting systems to suit different structures and applications • Sizes from 100mm to 2700mm diameter in almost any length • Thick fender wall resists abrasion.072 0.204 0.50 0. Cylindrical fenders can be fixed to many types of structure and attached in several different ways – horizontally.2 29. and with a wide choice of sizes and diameter ratios.121 0.6 27.50 0.076 0.54 0. • Simple and economical design.476 0.43 0. vertically or diagonally and can also be adapted to suit wharf corners.361 0.50 0.202 0.54 0.242 0.57 0.50 0.0 10.60 0.490 (kg/m) 7.50 0.4 62.50 0. performance can be closely matched to requirements in each case.2 140.6 15.58 0.240 0.4 11. larger sizes are mandrel wrapped so that different diameters can be easily produced.50 0.4 111.57 0.019 0.160 0. (FRANCE) ▲ Durban (SOUTH AFRICA) L OD ID ▲ Power Station Coal Berth 27 CYLINDRICAL FENDERS .3 5.404 0.320 0.45 0.307 0. Standard tolerances apply.057 0.029 0.401 0. but softer grades are also available on request.50 0.50 0.3 1.5 3.409 0.57 0.025 0.50 (kN) 43 51 65 92 98 86 108 129 164 172 194 275 330 325 380 440 406 461 550 487 541 660 542 650 595 770 705 649 825 760 880 757 812 929 811 990 921 1101 871 974 1083 1321 (kNm) 0.036 0.55 0. Fentek Cylindrical Fenders are manufactured by two processes.283 0.245 0.CYLINDRICAL FENDERS Cylindrical Fenders ▲ Al Sukhna Container Terminal (EGYPT) 26 For many years. support bars or brackets depending on their size and intended application.50 0.50 0. Please speak with your local Fentek office. Fentek make the world’s largest cylindricals up to 2700mm in diameter.286 0.55 0.479 0.6 28 40 52 61 72 81 93 112 117 131 162 151 184 178 220 214 208 253 246 288 273 295 340 325 364 372 450 415 467 524 647 (kNm2) 547 500 552 781 693 547 550 547 550 547 549 700 700 517 605 700 517 587 700 517 574 700 493 591 505 700 598 516 700 605 700 535 574 657 516 700 586 701 462 517 575 701 0. The fenders are suspended either by chains.161 0. even after years of heavy use • Progressive load-deflection characteristics • Large track record of installations All cylindricals are produced as standard in E3 Energy Index compounds.363 0.366 0.8 2.51 0.102 0.8 43.50 0.028 0. Please ask Fentek for further details.1L (min) OD 1. the fenders are usually mounted horizontally. Typical bar. In larger tidal ranges small cylindricals can be diagonally slung. v Hamburg (GERMANY) 1400 800 1600 800 28 v Large cylindrical suspended with ladder brackets v Coal Terminal Dolphins CYLINDRICAL FENDERS 29 . ladder bracket mounting systems are recommended – these are specifically designed on a case to case basis.5D L < 6000mm v Small cylindrical suspended with chain v Chain suspension v Bar suspension SMALL CYLINDRICALS OD 100 125 150 175 200 200 250 300 380 400 450 500 600 ID 50 65 75 75 90 100 125 150 190 200 225 250 300 Chain 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 24 28 28 28 32 35 Shackle 16 16 16 16 19 19 22 28 35 35 35 38 44 SMALL CYLINDRICALS Small cylindrical fenders. are suspended with chains through their bore connected to brackets or U-anchors each end. For very heavy duty applications and for fenders above 1600mm OD. typically up to 600mm OD. chain and shackle sizes are indicated in the table. LARGE CYLINDRICALS OD 800 ID 400 L 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 øB 35 45 55 65 70 45 55 65 75 85 50 65 75 85 100 65 70 80 90 100 75 80 90 110 120 Chain 24 28 32 34 40 28 32 38 40 44 28 34 40 44 50 38 38 44 48 52 40 40 46 48 54 Shackle 28 35 38 44 50 35 38 44 50 50 35 44 50 50 56 44 44 50 56 64 50 50 50 56 64 øD ød øB L v Large cylindrical suspended with central bar 1000 500 1200 600 LARGE CYLINDRICALS Large cylindrical fenders up to approximately 1600mm OD are usually suspended using central bars with chain supports at each end connecting back to wall brackets or U-anchors. With small tidal ranges.CYLINDRICAL FENDERS GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 0. Typical chain and shackle sizes are indicated in the table. 2 91.3 78.3 1.1 187 235 281 374 404 449 650 697 837 1122 1315 2246 1864 2560 2786 2764 3993 6612 7465 Hull Pressure (kN/m2) 246 239 249 239 250 241 240 228 240 235 238 234 227 240 234 217 236 224 233 244 228 220 189 Pneumatic Fenders ▲ Gozo RoRo Terminal (MALTA) 2500 x 4000 2500 x 5500 3000 x 5000 3300 x 4500 3300 x 6500 3300 x 10500 4500 x 10500 30 Fentek Pneumatic Fenders are ideal for permanent and semi-permanent port applications where there is a solid faced quay structure or suitable supporting frame.0 101 175 196 235 422 491 843 872 1197 1570 1712 2472 4297 6563 0. Their low reaction and large contact area make them ideal for “soft” vessels such as bulk carriers. Pneumatic fenders are generally moored from brackets on the jetty with chains and swivels.5 58.4 9.6 26.5 125 152 182 324 378 647 675 928 1226 1324 1913 3090 4689 0. The body of the fender gets its strength from the cord reinforced rubber fabric layers. Pneumatic fenders are available in a range of diameters and pressure ratings to provide the required energy.0 69.7 70. The large diameter maintains safe clearances between hulls and structures. Mooring chains should be used in conjunction with appropriate swivels and shackles. For very high tide locations.2 21. Pneumatic fenders are also useful as supplementary protection and for special vessels when the permanent fixed fenders may be unsuitable.8kgf/cm2 Reaction (kN) 29. L L øD Reinforcing Layers Impermeable Rubber Layer øD ▲ Setubal Cargo Terminal (PORTUGAL) PNEUMATIC FENDERS 31 . on larger fenders (typically 2500mm diameter and greater) there is also a pressure relief valve. • Very low reaction and hull pressure • Performance adjustable by varying initial pressure incorporate the inflation points and.5 5. Rated deflection is 60% Outer Rubber Layer A P P L I C AT I O N Pneumatic Fenders are suitable for many applications including:• Tankers.1 35. Gas Carriers and Bulk Cargo Ships • Fast ferries and aluminium hulled vessels • Temporary or permanent installations • Rapid response and emergency fendering • As stand-off fenders to realign ships with shore facilities. They are also widely used for ship to ship transfer operations.1 28. Optional chain tyre net units are ideal for heavy duty and exposed locations as the net prevents wear directly to the fender body. they can quickly be redeployed to wherever they are needed. Standard tolerances apply. Sling-type pneumatic fenders are best suited to light and medium duty applications.5kgf/cm2 Reaction (kN) 22. The outer surface has an extra thick layer to protect the body against abrasion whilst the inner layer is of an air impermeable compound.PNEUMATIC FENDERS P N E U M AT I C F E N D E R P E R F O R M A N C E A N D D I M E N S I O N S Fender Size øD x L 300 x 500 300 x 600 500 x 800 500 x 1000 800 x 1200 800 x 1500 1000 x 1500 1000 x 2000 1200 x 1800 1200 x 2000 1350 x 2500 1500 x 2500 1500 x 3000 2000 x 3000 2000 x 3500 2000 x 6000 Hook Type (kg) 10 15 25 35 75 95 140 170 180 200 270 300 350 550 650 950 P P P P P P P 1100 1350 1700 1800 2250 2800 4300 CTN Type (kg) 10 15 25 35 175 205 310 370 390 420 530 700 790 1430 1570 2170 2610 2970 4320 4160 5370 6850 4850 Chain (mm) 10 10 13 13 16 16 16 16 19 19 19 22 22 25 29 32 32 35 38 38 44 51 51 Energy (kNm) 1.7 77.1 52.0 7.5 40.9 73. End flanges C O R E AT T R I B U T E S Pneumatic Fenders have many advantages including:• Easy and fast to deploy. Since pneumatic fenders are very easy to install. • Suitable for areas with large or small tides • Maintains large clearances between hull and structure • Optional chain-tyre nets for heavy duty applications P = Pressure Relief Valve fitted as standard.7 7.6 141 186 222 295 320 354 496 554 658 883 1030 1766 1481 2037 2207 2197 3169 5121 5690 Hull Pressure (kN/m2) 189 180 187 179 188 191 190 180 190 185 181 186 178 189 183 171 188 178 185 194 181 171 144 Energy (kNm) 1.7 2.2 54.6 27. Fentek can provide special mooring guide systems which prevent the fenders from drifting off position – please ask Fentek for further details.5 98. tanker and aluminium fast ferries.4 35. 32 All dimensions are in millimetres.4L Sea Level Air Water L Ballast Weight ▲ Typical fender arrangement for submarine. c b a HHWL d Tidal Range LLWL H Y D R O P N E U M AT I C F E N D E R S e P N E U M AT I C F E N D E R I N S TA L L AT I O N D I M E N S I O N S Fenderø 1000 x 1500 1200 x 2000 1500 x 2500 2000 x 3500 2500 x 4000 3300 x 6500 D (mm) 1000 1200 1500 2000 2500 3300 L (mm) 1500 2000 2500 3500 4000 6500 a (mm) 975 1200 1525 2050 2490 3380 b (mm) 950 1140 1420 1900 2380 3140 c (mm) 1350 1620 2050 2700 3380 4460 d (mm) 200 220 250 300 450 500 e (mm) 375 430 525 650 890 1080 w (mm) 2000 2600 3250 4500 5200 8500 øD (mm) 1700 3300 L (mm) 7200 10500 Water:Air (Ratio) 60:40 55:45 Defn (mm) 920 1750 R (kN) 660 1275 E (kNm) 163 589 Performance may vary for different hull shapes and radii.PNEUMATIC FENDERS GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE øD ~ 0. Indicative layout and dimensions are given right and below. Fentek will be pleased to assist with this. Initial air pressure 0. Due to the very specialist applications of Hydro-pneumatic fenders. Hydro-pneumatic fenders are partially water filled and then pressurised with air. A ballast weight is suspended from the fender and this can be used to vary the fender level to suit different classes of vessel. it is strongly advised that a detailed study be carried out for each case. Standard draft is 0. ▲ Hydro-pneumatic fenders can also be used for vessel-to-vessel applications. HYDROPNEUMATIC FENDERS 33 . stable and very soft for delicate hulls.5kg/cm2. Fender performance can also be carried to some extent by altering the water:air ratio and by the initial inflation pressure. but may be adjusted by varying the ballast weight.6~0. w Pneumatic fenders must be installed onto a solid structure or reaction panel. L 0.65L.5L HYDRO-PNEUMATIC FENDERS Fentek Hydro-pneumatic fenders are intended for vessels where the main point of contact is below the water.4L ~ 0. such as submarines and semi-submersible oil platforms. This makes them deep draft. compression speed. and chain-tyre net (CTN) type for the heavy duty applications. Cuxhaven (GERMANY) Foam fenders are unsinkable with their thermo-laminated. Contact Fentek for details. Performances may vary due to operating temperature. whereas the FF50 series DIMENSIONS provides higher energy capacity for more arduous Fender Size FF-30 Series FF-50 Series applications. a c b HHWL d Tidal Range w LLWL e F O A M F E N D E R I N S TA L L AT I O N D I M E N S I O N S D Fender (mm) 1000 x 1500 1000 1200 x 2000 1200 1500 x 2500 1500 2000 x 3500 2000 2500 x 4000 2500 3300 x 6500 3300 All dimensions are in millimetres. 500 x 1000 66 8 88 10 600 x 1000 80 11 106 15 Reinforced Polyurethane Skin 750 x 1500 150 26 198 35 1000 x 1500 199 47 264 62 Closed 1000 x 2000 266 62 352 82 Cell Foam 1200 x 2000 319 90 422 119 1200 x 2500 399 112 528 148 1500 x 3000 598 210 792 278 1700 x 3000 678 270 897 357 2000 x 3000 797 373 1060 494 2000 x 3500 930 435 1230 576 2000 x 4000 1060 498 1410 659 2200 x 4500 1320 677 1740 897 2500 x 4000 1330 777 1760 1030 2500 x 5000 1660 972 2200 1290 2500 x 5500 1830 1070 2420 1420 3000 x 5000 1990 1400 2640 1850 3000 x 6000 2390 1680 3170 2220 3300 x 6500 2850 2200 3770 2910 All performance values given at 60% deflection. Indicative layout and dimensions are given right and below. L (mm) 1500 2000 2500 3500 4000 6500 a (mm) 965 1190 1515 2030 2470 3350 b (mm) 950 1140 1420 1900 2380 3140 c (mm) 1350 1620 2050 2700 3380 4460 d (mm) 210 230 260 320 470 530 e (mm) 385 440 535 670 910 1110 w (mm) 2000 2600 3250 4500 5200 8500 Foam Fenders ▲ Woltmannkaje. material properties and dimensional tolerances. depending on the severity of operating conditions. Two types of foam fender are available. øD Central Chain R e ac t i o n F o rc e (% o f R at e d ) GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 130 120 110 Rated Reaction (RR) 100 90 80 70 60 120 L 50 100 40 80 30 Re a on cti 60 20 Ene rgy 40 10 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 D e fl e c t io n (% ) 0 E n e rg y (% o f R a t ed ) 34 FOAM FENDERS 35 . The FF30 series provides good energy capacity with lowest FOAM FENDER PERFORMANCE AND reaction force and hull pressures. Hook type with a chain tension member through the centre of the fender and pad eyes each end.FOAM FENDERS Foam fenders must be installed onto a solid structure or reaction panel. closed cell polyethylene foam core. They have a tough outer skin of reinforced polyurethane elastomer which is available in black and a variety of colours including Orange and Navy Grey. Extra thick skins are also available for offshore ØD x L R(kN) E(kNm) R(kN) E(kNm) use. Foam fenders can be manufactured in virtually any size. 0 1067 2070 195 20.6 1220 2310 217 25. Newhaven Harbour (ENGLAND) E F E F H B øS G B øS G A A T J T SHEAR FENDER PERFORMANCE AND DIMENSIONS Fender A B SF 400-180 525 525 SF 500-250 700 550 SF 500-275 610 610 All dimensions in millimetres. Nazaire (FRANCE) SHEAR FENDERS Shear fenders provide omni-directional performance combined with linear load characteristics. Shear fenders are used in conjunction with piles or simple frontal panels of steel or timber.3 864 1750 165 14. Fentek can design special Donuts to suit most applications. The Donut has a steel core lined with a series of low-friction bearings which allow the fender to rise and fall with the tide and to rotate freely around the pile.2 660 1420 134 9. Installation could not be simpler.0 1168 2230 210 23. Typically Hmin ≥ Pile Diameter Hmax ≤ 5000mm 120 100 n Re ac tio 80 60 40 Energ y 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 D e fl e c t io n (% o f J ) 80 90 100 110 20 0 E n e rg y ( % o f Ra t e d ) v Superseacat berth upgrade. St. Contact your Fentek office for further details. * It is recommended that movement in any horizontal direction is limited by means of a mechanical restraint.7 762 1590 149 12. Standard tolerances apply. easy to install and are ideal for lower energy applications.1 965 1910 180 17. Apart from standard dimensions.9 Reaction (kN) 147 250 216 36 37 SHEAR FENDERS . The Donut simply drops over a tubular pile and is ready for use. Please speak with your local Fentek office. Portopetroli (ITALY) GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 120 110 øD H J* øP 100 90 Re a c tio n (% o f Ra te d ) 80 70 60 50 40 Rated Reaction (RR) H DONUT PERFORMANCE & DIMENSIONS øP øD R (kN) E (kNm) 610 1330 126 8. v Array of shear fenders awaiting installation.4 711 1500 141 10.5 1420 2600 245 32.5 1620 2890 271 39. The Donut uses well proven foam fender technology with its closed cell polyethylene foam core and a wear resistant.0 25.3 1320 2450 231 28. They are simple in concept.0 2020 3420 322 55.DONUT FENDERS DONUT FENDERS Fentek ‘Donut’ fenders provide a simple and versatile solution to protecting exposed corners and channels in tidal zones.5 24.0 1520 2750 258 35. but softer grades are also available on request.5 1118 2150 202 22. flexible skin of reinforced polyurethane elastomer. v Montoir. All shear fenders are produced as standard in E3 Energy Index compounds. Energies and reactions are per 1000mm body height.0 813 1670 157 13.5 1016 1990 188 19. E — 80 — F 405 430 510 G 405 440 510 H 180 260 275 J 136 190 231 T 22 35 22 øS 400 500 500 Bolt M24 M30 M24 Energy (kNm) 10.2 1820 3160 297 47. Nominal deflection is 60% of Donut wall.7 914 1830 172 16.3 All dimensions in millimetres. Different configurations are used for a variety of locations such as locks and dry dock entrances and exposed corners. Performance can be modified where required by adjusting the initial pressure.8 200-75WF 220 590 700 5. Wheel fenders combine high energy with low reaction at a range of berthing angles. the casing shape can be modified for a perfect fit. Please ask Fentek about other available sizes. contributing to a long and low maintenance service life. Large contact areas from the tyre ensure reasonable hull pressures. Composite bearings eliminate metal to metal contact and allow the wheel to rotate freely. For special applications and unusual corners. special fixing arrangements and mounting configurations H Typical wheel fender casing dimensions are indicated in the table. H 460 510 690 760 970 900 J 650 850 950 1250 1350 1500 K 50 50 50 50 50 50 L 150 200 200 250 250 250 ␣ 0~40° 0~40° 0~40° 0~45° 0~45° 0~45° GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 110 100 90 80 R e ac t i o n ( % o f Ra t e d) 70 60 50 tio n Rated Reaction (RR) 120 100 En e rg y ( % o f Ra t e d) 40 30 Re ac 80 60 20 10 gy Ener 40 20 0 0 38 ▲ Lisnave Hydrolift Facility. without substantial friction.WHEEL FENDERS A P P L I C AT I O N S • Drydock entrances and bodies F • Locks approaches • Exposed corners B ␣ J C WHEEL FENDER PERFORMANCE Energy Reaction Deflection Pressure Fender (kNm) (kN) (mm) (bar) 110-45WF 33 150 400 5.5 175-70WF 100 315 600 4. Dieppe (FRANCE) • Low maintenance casing design • Can be used singly or in stacks WHEEL FENDER DIMENSIONS Fender A B C D E F G 110-45WF 1700 1000 1450 1080 900 350 450 130-50WF 2000 1200 1750 1300 1000 350 550 175-70WF 2650 1500 2200 1750 1150 550 700 200-75WF 2750 1750 2550 1980 1250 500 800 250-100WF 3350 2200 3200 2550 1600 850 1000 290-110WF 4200 2500 3750 2900 1700 1000 1250 All dimensions in millimetres Dimensions are for guidance only and should be checked for each installation.5 130-50WF 61 220 500 3. The wheel has a sliding axle in front of two idler rollers to absorb the greatest possible energy during compression of the wheel into the casing. Deflection ␦ øD E G B Wheel Fenders Fentek Wheel Fenders help vessels manoeuvre into berths and narrow channels. AT T R I B U T E S • High energy absorption • Gentle contact face • Low rolling resistance • Composite bearings eliminate metal to metal contact ▲ Lock Entrance. even at full deflection. Setubal (PORTUGAL) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 D e fl e c t io n (% o f ␦ ) 70 80 90 100 39 WHEEL FENDERS A . The heavy duty steel casing is designed to allow easy access to moving parts. Corrosion traps are eliminated.5 250-100WF 440 920 925 5. Please ask Fentek for details.5 290-110WF 880 1300 1200 5.8 Standard tolerances apply. WHEEL FENDERS Single Wheel Fenders can be installed at cope level where there is little variation in water level. tio n Flared Hull Protective Eyebrow K B L Fender M 110-45WF 500 130-50WF 600 175-70WF 800 All dimensions in millimetres. Protective ‘eyebrows’ are available as an option to accommodate smaller ships and flared bows. Several units can be stacked to give greater vertical coverage when installing Wheel Fenders in tidal zones. N 600 700 925 P 300 400 500 Q 200 200 250 R 200 200 250 S 500 500 650 T 200 250 250 Anchor 10 x M24 10 x M24 10 x M30 N M N T ip Dir ec Ship Direction Sh = Flared Hull E View on A S = Small Ship = = L N On the 90˚ corner of a jetty for warping On an angled knuckle corner for alignment S Concrete Section Showing Anchors T B M N Q View on B P A Protective Eyebrow Ship at K B L High Water Ship Direction E Ship Direction HHWL E Ship at Low Water E Gate Gate Within the body of a lock or dry dock. P P R 0~30° W H E E L F E N D E R A N C H O R L O C AT I O N S Fender M 200-75WF 450 250-100WF 600 290-110WF 650 All dimensions in millimetres. angled knuckles. N 925 1075 1350 P 400 500 500 Q 300 300 500 R 250 400 500 S 400 500 500 T 225 300 300 Anchor 14 x M30 14 x M36 14 x M42 LLWL 40 At the 90˚ entrance of a lock or dry dock 41 WHEEL FENDERS . N M N T View on A S Concrete Section Showing Anchors T N M N G View on B P P K Deflection B L R B A W H E E L F E N D E R A N C H O R L O C AT I O N S E ▲ Immingham (ENGLAND) Wheel Fenders can be installed in various positions on jetty corners. at the entrance or within the body of locks and dry docks. Correct orientation and casing profile is important to extract maximum performance from the Wheel fender. 5 225 4. The heavy duty steel supporting frame is designed to allow easy access to all moving parts. C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Good energy absorption • Gentle contact face • Low rolling resistance • Composite bearings eliminate metal to metal contact • Low maintenance frame design • Can be used singly or in stacks • Large load bearing capability Fender A 110-45RF 1250 130-50RF 1530 140-60RF 1600 175-70RF 2050 200-75RF 2300 250-100RF 3000 All dimensions in millimetres B 1150 1400 1450 1850 2100 2700 ROLLER FENDER DIMENSIONS C 610 740 765 975 1110 1425 D 1080 1320 1370 1750 1980 2550 E 1150 1450 1500 1900 2100 2700 G 220 260 270 350 400 500 H 460 510 610 690 765 895 J 800 950 1000 1250 1400 1800 K 340 400 425 500 550 700 L 60 75 75 125 150 200 Anchor 6 x M30 6 x M30 6 x M30 6 x M36 6 x M42 6 x M48 GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 110 Rated Reaction (RR) 100 90 80 R e a ct i on ( % o f R a t ed ) 70 60 50 tio n 120 100 E ne rg y ( % o f Ra t e d) 40 30 Re ac 80 60 20 10 Ener gy 40 20 0 0 42 0 10 20 30 40 v 6-wheeled roller corner fender ready for installation (HONG KONG) 50 60 D e fl e c t io n (% o f ␦ ) 70 80 90 100 ROLLER FENDERS 43 . Please ask Fentek about other available sizes. Large contact areas from the tyre ensure reasonable hull pressures. even at full deflection. Corrosion traps are eliminated. For special applications and unusual corners. Deflection Pressure (mm) (bar) 152 5. The wheel is mounted on a fixed axle supported by a special frame. without substantial friction.5 230 3.5 205 3. Roller Fenders are also used on berth corners and lock entrances where lower energy capacity is required. contributing to a long and low maintenance service life.8 270 5. L Fentek Roller Fenders are commonly installed along the walls of dry docks and other restricted channels to help guide vessels and prevent hull damage.ROLLER FENDERS A E A P P L I C AT I O N S • Drydock walls • Restricted channels • Some exposed corners and lock entrances C B ROLLER FENDER PERFORMANCE Deflection ␦ øD L G Energy Reaction Fender (kNm) (kN) 110-45RF 13 175 130-50RF 22 200 140-60RF 20 210 175-70RF 37 345 200-75RF 100 765 250-100RF 170 1000 Standard tolerances apply. Composite bearings eliminate metal to metal contact and allow the wheel to rotate freely. the frame shape can be modified for a perfect fit. special fixing arrangements and mounting configurations. Roller Fenders combine reasonable energy absorption with low reaction at all berthing angles.5 345 5.5 K Roller Fenders v MTW Wismar (GERMANY) H K J Typical roller fender frame dimensions are indicated in the table. Performance can be modified where required by adjusting the initial pressure. Please ask Fentek for details. and is unaffected by marine borers. UHMW-PE does not decay or rot.93~0.UHMW-PE FACINGS Test Methods pre .95 Molecular Weight Viscosimetric ~4.15 Yield Strength DIN 53455 ≥20 Ultimate Strength DIN 53455 ≥40 Elongation at Break DIN 53455 >350 Ball Indentation Hardness DIN 53456 38 Shore Hardness DIN 53505 64~67 V-Notch Impact Strength DIN 53453 ≥130 Abrasion Index Sand Slurry 100 Operating Temperature -80 to +80 Crystalline Melting Point Polarisation Microscope 130~133 Linear Expansion Coefficient DIN 52328 ~2 x10-4 Values given are for Virgin FQ1000 UHMW-PE ISO test methods now supersede previously used DIN test methods Material samples used in pre-1993 and post-1993 tests are identical Different values are due to changes in test pressure only Unit g/cm3 g/mol — N/mm2 N/mm2 % N/mm2 — mJ/mm2 — °C °C K-1 Test Methods post .95 Viscosimetric ~5.000. All dimensions in millimetres. drilled and machined with ease. Standard tolerances apply.10~0.1993 Test Method Typical Value ISO 1183 0. UHMW-PE is available in many other colours yellow. grey or orange which can be used to make the fender system highly visible in poor weather or to demarcate zones along a berth. 100mm & 120mm. but also because black is manufactured using a double sintering process which work hardens the UHMW-PE to further increase its abrasion resistance. Langkawi (MALAYSIA) 100 ø45 C F T H ø20 T H 40 ø20 40 ø45 C 100 ø45 F 100 C F ø20 40 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) has become the material of choice for facing steel fender panels and where the combination of very high impact and abrasion resistance with low-friction properties is needed. London (ENGLAND) T H E A E A E A A 45 B 45 E Corner Edge 44 STANDARD SHEET SIZES FOR UHMW-PE Length Width Thickness 10000 1000 15~70 6100 1220 15~120 6100 1330 15~120 6000 1250 30~120 5000 2000 15~70 4000 2000 15~140 3000 2000 15~150 2700 1300 10~60 2000 1000 10~200 Preferred thicknesses are 30mm. red. 40mm. 70mm.93~0.10~0. A P P L I C AT I O N • Fender panel facing pads • Fender pile rubbing strips • UE-V fender shields • Facing strips for jetties and wharves • Lock entrance and lock wall protection • Mitres on lock gates • Bridge buttress protection • Pontoon pile guide bearings • Fast-launch lifeboat slipways • Beltings for smaller workboats v Tower Pier. white.P E C O R N E R & E D G E PA D S UHMW-PE Facings v Catamaran Berth. green.000. Please consult Fentek.1993 Property Test Method Typical Value Density DIN 53479 0. and can be cut. 50mm. Fentek UHMW-PE is the strongest and toughest of all polyethylene grades for marine applications – even outlasting steel as a facing material. C O R N E R & E D G E PA D D I M E N S I O N S Width Length Type Corner Corner Corner Corner Edge Edge Edge Edge Edge Edge Edge Edge A mm 455 455 495 495 640 640 855 855 868 868 990 990 B mm 455 455 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 495 C mm 310 310 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 E mm 290 290 330 330 550 550 383 383 389 389 450 450 F mm 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 H mm 10 13 10 13 10 13 10 13 10 13 10 13 T mm 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 B 45 Edge Apart from flat sheets. and many times better than timber facings. 45 UHMW-PE FACINGS UHMW-PE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES .15 ISO 527 ≥17 not measured not measured ISO 527 >50 ISO 2039 38 ISO 868 60 ISO FDIS 11542 ≥210 Sand Slurry 100 — -80 to +80 ISO 3146 130~135 DIN 52328 ~2 x10-4 Unit g/cm3 g/mol — N/mm2 — % N/mm2 15 sec kJ/m2 — °C °C K-1 U H M W. blue.000 DIN 53375 0. Most UHMW-PE is supplied as Black – not just because this is the most economic choice. Other thickness available upon request.000 Friction Coefficient DIN 53375 0. It is grain-free so will not splinter or crush. specially moulded corner and edge pads are also available. 9 65 x 10 M16 13.0 80 x 10 M20 18.2 L A P P L I C AT I O N Applications of HDPE Sliding Fenders include:• Fender pile rubbing strips • Facing strips for jetties and wharves • Beltings for smaller workboats • Lock entrance and lock wall protection • Mitres on lock gate ød STANDARD DRILLING DIAMETERS D d L (max) mm mm mm 27 13 75 32 16 85 32 12 32 32 16 45 32 18 80 40 20 80 50 21 95 50 23 95 60 21 70 65 27 105 70 28 110 70 32 115 70 26 50 Fixing to steel columns HD-PE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Property Test Method Density DIN 53479 Molecular Weight Light Diffusion Method Friction Coefficient DIN 53375 Yield Strength DIN 53455 Elongation at Break DIN 53455 Ball Indentation Hardness DIN 53456 Shore Hardness DIN 53505 V-Notch Impact Strength DIN 53453 Operating Temperature Linear Expansion Coefficient DIN 52328 Typical Results ~930 ~200. machined and curved. and can be cut. HD-PE is especially useful when low-friction contact during docking and mooring is advantageous. HD-PE Sliding Fenders last longer and reduce dependence on increasingly scarce natural resources.5 – M12 4. algae and crustaceans • High resistance to abrasion and wear • Resistant to UV. Unlike timber.3 – M12 4. Schafstedt (GERMANY) HD-PE Sliding Fenders are a superior alternative to timber and other facing materials and have many uses in waterway.0 – M20 11. and is unaffected by marine borers.1 65 x 10 M16 19. Sections are available in full or half lengths as standard.2 100 x 10 M24 68.000 0. Other lengths available on request.2 80 x 10 M20 19.9 80 x 10 M20 37. Please consult Fentek.7 – M12 6.6 80 x 10 M24 34.7 80 x 10 M20 30.6 120 x 12 M30 81. oil spills and pollutants • Easily machined and drilled • Wide choice of standard profiles • Extruded profile with no sharp edges • 100% recyclable øD ▲ Corner protection (DUBAI) Fixing to concrete HD-PE SECTION SIZES AND FIXING DIMENSIONS A B L C1 C2 D E F G (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 70 50 2500 25 – 32 16 0 75~125 80 60 5000 30 – 32 16 0 75~125 100 50 5500 25 – 32 16 0 75~125 100 65 5500 30 – 32 16 0 75~125 100 100 6000 50 32 32 16 0 75~125 120 80 5000 40 – 40 20 0 100~150 120 120 6000 60 40 40 20 0 100~150 140 70 5500 35 – 40 20 0~50 100~150 160 70 5000 35 – 40 20 0~70 100~150 160 160 6000 80 40 40 20 0~80 100~150 170 120 5500 60 40 40 20 0~80 100~150 180 70 5000 35 – 50 23 0~80 125~175 180 180 6000 90 46 50 23 0~80 125~175 190 110 5000 55 46 50 23 0~90 125~175 200 75 5000 35 46 50 23 0~100 125~175 200 100 6000 50 46 50 23 0~100 125~175 200 150 5500 75 46 50 23 0~100 125~175 200 200 6000 100 46 50 23 0~100 125~175 250 150 6500 75 46 65 28 0~130 150~200 250 160 5000 80 46 65 28 0~130 150~200 270 270 5000 125 56 65 28 0~130 150~200 300 100 5500 50 – 65 28 0~160 150~200 300 210 5000 105 56 70 36 0~160 175~225 320 270 5000 105 72 70 36 0~160 175~225 Preferred sizes (regular stock items) in bold. drilled.4 80 x 10 M16 24. HD-PE is an environmentally friendly material and can be totally recycled at the end of its service life. H (mm) 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 250~300 300~350 300~350 300~350 300~350 300~350 300~350 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 450~550 450~550 450~550 450~550 500~600 500~600 Flat Bar Bolt Size Weight (mm) (kg/m) – M12 3.SLIDING FENDERS B C1 øE øD A F G H H B C2 10 G H H øE A Sliding Fenders ▲ Canal protection.5 – M24 27. climate extremes.1 50 x 6 M12 9.1 – M16 10.25 ≥12 ~450 ≥20 55~60 No Break -40 to +80 ~2. harbour and ship construction.6 80 x 10 M20 27. C O R E AT T R I B U T E S • Does not decay or rot • Resistant to marine borers.4 – M16 9.4 – M20 14. It is grain-free so will not splinter or crush.3 – M16 8.9 100 x 12 M30 58. As a substitute for tropical hardwoods. HD-PE does not decay or rot.8 80 x 10 M24 37.0 x 10-4 Unit kg/m3 g/mol – N/mm2 % N/mm2 Shore D mJ/mm2 °C K-1 Fixing to timber 46 47 SLIDING FENDERS .20~0. 5 34.7 70. DD-fenders are also commonly used on pontoons and on inland waterways for lock protection.6 93. The square profile gives these fenders heavier shoulders which make them ideal for tougher service environments.0 D & Square Fenders ▲ Grey D-Fender for yacht harbour (LEBANON) Extruded Fenders Extrusion is a manufacturing process involving pushing unvulcanised rubber through a special die to form a constant cross-section profile. Performance values are for a 1000mm long fender. DD-Fenders DD-Fenders come in many sizes to suit a wide variety of general purpose applications.7 46.1 37.5 19.9 12.2 37. Portsmouth (ENGLAND) 49 D & SQUARE FENDERS .6 25. This is a simple and cost effective production method for smaller fenders and allows sections to be made in very long lengths.6 23.2 70.1 87.5 112.5 17.7 8.9 17.8 195.5 21.8 57. Square fenders are also commonly used on the bow or stern of smaller tugs as pushing fenders since they can be fitted closely together to reduce the risk of ropes or protrusions catching between adjacent sections.7 6. drilled or pre-curved as required for each application. D 45 65 60 65 95 95 120 115 135 200 250 øE 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 60 60 75 90 øF 15 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 30 35 45 G 90~130 110~150 110~150 130~180 130~180 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 160~230 H 200~300 250~350 250~350 300~400 300~400 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 400~500 Flat Bar 40 x 5 50 x 8 60 x 8 70 x 10 70 x 10 90 x 12 90 x 12 100 x 12 100 x 12 150 x 15 180 x 20 Bolt Size M12 M16 M16 M20 M20 M24 M24 M24 M24 M30 M36 Wt (kg/m) 9. tugs.9 31.8 48.4 11. They can be cut to length.0 35.3 Fender Size 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 E (kNm) 1.3 17.2 95.8 226.3 21.1 12. GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 120 110 R a t e d R e a c t i o n ( R R) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 gy Ener A P P L I C AT I O N Extruded Fenders are ideal for:• Smaller jetties and wharves • Workboats and service craft 120 100 80 E n er gy (% of Ra te d ) Reaction (% of Rated) • Mooring pontoon protection • Inland waterways • General purpose applications Rea ctio n 60 40 20 0 SD-Fenders 48 Square section SD-fenders offer similar advantages to DD-fenders and 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 De fle c tio n (% ) 35 40 45 50 ▲ SD-Fenders. They are ideal for smaller quays and wharves serving fishing boats.2 29.4 3. The flat rear face of DD-fenders makes them easy to install with a flat bar down the bore.7 R (kN) 136 206 275 343 412 471 589 736 B D G 25 H H øF øE C A Standard tolerances apply. barges and other work craft. Special profiles can also be produced economically to customer’s specific requirements.3 45.4 8.D & SQUARE FENDERS FIXING DIMENSIONS DD – FENDERS A B C 80 70 45 100 100 50 125 125 60 150 150 75 200 150 100 200 200 100 250 200 125 250 250 125 300 300 150 350 350 175 380 380 190 400 300 175 400 400 200 500 500 250 SD – FENDERS A B C 100 100 50 150 150 70 165 125 80 200 150 90 200 200 90 250 200 120 250 250 120 300 250 140 300 300 125 400 400 200 500 500 250 D 30 45 60 75 80 100 100 125 150 175 190 150 200 250 øE 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 60 75 75 75 75 90 øF 15 15 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 35 35 35 35 45 G 90~130 90~130 110~150 110~150 130~180 130~180 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 160~230 H 200~300 200~300 250~350 250~350 300~400 300~400 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 350~450 400~500 Flat Bar 35 x 5 40 x 5 50 x 6 60 x 8 80 x 10 80 x 10 90 x 12 90 x 12 110 x 12 130 x 15 140 x 15 130 x 15 150 x 15 180 x 20 Bolt Size M12 M12 M16 M16 M20 M20 M24 M24 M24 M30 M30 M30 M30 M36 Wt (kg/m) 4. angle cut at the ends.9 R (kN) 77 115 153 191 230 268 306 383 E (kNm) 2.0 124. DD-fenders can be supplied in long lengths with maximum length restricted only by transport and handling limitations. are typically used where a stiffer fender is required.8 71.1 144.2 5. 0 11.4 12. steel base plates can also be moulded into some of the sections.2 40.COMPOSITE FENDERS B E t øD øC A F G H H CF-A FIXING DIMENSIONS – COMPOSITE FENDERS CF-A A 100 150 165 200 200 250 300 B 100 150 125 200 200 250 300 øC 30 65 65 75 100 100 125 t 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 øD 15 20 20 25 25 30 30 E 25 30 35 45 45 50 60 F 10 12 15 20 20 25 30 G 90~130 110~150 110~150 130~180 130~180 140~200 140~200 H 200~300 250~350 250~350 300~400 300~400 350~450 350~450 Flat Bar 50 x 6 60 x 8 60 x 8 80 x 10 80 x 10 100 x 10 110 x 12 Bolt Size Std Length M12 3000 M16 3000 M16 3000 M20 2000 M20 2000 M24 2000 M24 3000 Wt (kg/m) 10. The special manufacturing technique forms a permanent bond between the elastomer section and the UHMW-PE during vulcanisation.2 36.7 Composite fenders are ideal for installation on smaller jetties.1 Composite Fenders ▲ RNLI Berth. Composite fenders are available in a variety of standard sections and lengths. They combine the benefits of an energy absorbing rubber body with the low friction properties of UHMW-PE in a single moulded product. A P P L I C AT I O N S Composite Fenders are ideal for:• Workboats and service craft • Lock entrances and lock walls • Inland waterways • Smaller jetties and wharves • Pontoon yoke guides • Mooring pontoon protection B 80 100 120 150 øC – – – – a 60 74 88 10 b 40 50 60 75 c 44 56 67 83 t 10 10 12 15 øD 15 15 20 20 E 25 25 30 30 F 6 8 10 12 G 90~130 90~130 110~150 110~150 H 200~300 200~300 250~350 250~350 Flat Bar 45 x 6 45 x 6 60 x 8 60 x 8 Bolt Size M12 M12 M16 M16 Std Length 2000 2000 2000 3000 Wt (kg/m) 7.2 19. eliminating the need for mechanical fixings to give much greater wear allowance on the polyethylene face.2 92. Tobermory (SCOTLAND) FIXING DIMENSIONS – COMPOSITE FENDERS CF-C A 80 100 120 150 CF-D A 80 100 120 150 B 80 100 120 150 øC 42 45 62 73 a 60 74 88 110 b 40 50 60 75 c 44 56 67 83 t 10 10 12 15 øD 15 15 20 20 E 25 25 30 30 F 6 8 10 12 G 90~130 90~130 110~150 110~150 H 200~300 200~300 250~350 250~350 Flat Bar 45 x6 45 x 6 60 x 8 60 x 8 Bolt Size M12 M12 M16 M16 Std Length 2000 2000 2000 3000 Wt (kg/m) 5.8 All dimensions are in millimetres B E øD G t F H H øC a A CF-C b c B E t øD a A F G H H 50 ▲ Humber Sea Terminal (ENGLAND) b CF-D 51 COMPOSITE FENDERS . If required.3 21. but can be cut and drilled to suit a variety of other applications including pontoon yoke guides and marina pontoon fenders.4 8.2 60. workboats and narrow waterways.5 19.0 15. Please consult Fentek for any special requirements.8 24. Intermediate Support when L > 1000mm Fixing Pin (øP) GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE (FOR REACTION) 1100 1000 M600 x 300 900 M500 x 250 M400 x 200 800 R e a ct i on F o r ce (k N ) 700 600 500 400 R (min) 300 200 100 A 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 De fl e c t io n ( m m ) 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 52 A (mm) 400 500 600 B C øD E F øP L(max) Flat Bar (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 200 40 23 50 150 20 2000 100 x 15 250 50 27 60 190 24 2000 125 x 20 300 60 33 70 230 30 2000 150 x 20 R(min) (mm) 450 550 650 Weight (kg/m) 56 89 132 TUG FENDERS 53 A . The grooved profile gives extra grip and the M-fender can easily be mounted around on straight sections and fairly small radii at the bow and stern quarters of a tug. Tugs may be fitted with up to four types of fenders – each serving a particular function. B E C F B øD C F E Tug Fenders L Tug fenders must work harder. Transition Blocks Transition Blocks are used to provide a smooth interface between side beltings and bow/stern fenders. for longer and under more adverse conditions than any other fender type. Cube and M-Fenders provide a large contact surface for low hull pressures. Pushing Fenders Block. 1 2 Cylindrical Fenders Fitted to the bow and/or stern of tugs and usually used for pushing against flared hulls and in open sea conditions.TUG FENDERS M-FENDERS M-fenders are also used for pushing. 3 4 Side Beltings D-Fenders. They provide a large flat contact face for very low hull pressures – useful when working with soft hulled ships such as tankers and bulk carriers. Square Fenders and Wing-D are often used as side beltings to protect the vessel during escort duties and when coming alongside. The grooved surface provides exceptional grip. Another option is the Composite Block fender which has an integral UHMW-PE low-friction face – these are useful when tugs operate largely in open water or in large sea swells.BLOCK FENDERS A Block and Cube fenders are used as an alternative to M-fenders where extremely heavy loads are expected. 800 200 250 300 350 x x x x 200 250 300 350 CORNER PROTECTION Block and M-Fenders are also useful for corner protection on jetties and pontoons. A grooved. high grip profile is supplied as standard. but block fenders are also available with a flat face. but can again be curved around the hull of tugs if required. Their ‘keyhole’ cross-section is very tough. 55 TUG FENDERS TUG FENDERS . L A B (mm) (mm) 200 200 250 250 300 300 350 350 C (mm) 35 50 60 70 øD (mm) 28 33 33 33 E (mm) 130 150 180 210 øG øP L(max) Flat Bar R(min) Weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg/m) 90 25 2000 100 x 15 450 33 100 30 2000 125 x 20 600 54 115 30 1750 150 x 20 800 80 125 30 2000 175 x 25 1000 114 B C CUBE FENDERS A øG øG B øD B øD a C b C E C a C Intermediate Support when L > 1000mm Fixing Pin (øP b C E C A B C øD F øG øP L Weight (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kg each) 250 250 50 28 or 33 150 100 25 or 30 250 13 300 300 60 28 or 33 180 115 25 or 30 200 16 GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE (FOR REACTION) L 600 3 No 250 x 250 x 250L 3 No 300 x 300 x 200L 500 400 Re a c tio n F o r c e (k N) 300 200 100 R (min) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 De fl e ct i o n ( m m) GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE (FOR REACTION) 900 Standard tolerances apply. 700 600 Reaction Force (kN) 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 54 50 60 Deflection (mm) 70 80 90 100 110 Standard tolerances apply. these chain are supplemented by circumferential restraints – either sleeved chains or webbing straps – which sit in special grooves moulded into the fender body at intervals along its length. Larger cylindrical fenders also use a longitudinal chain down the bore. Cylindrical fenders are often used on the bow and stern of tugs as primary pushing fenders. On larger fenders. but they are equally suited to pushing flat sided vessels. Their circular shape makes them ideal when working with large bow flares such as container ships. but this is generally supplemented by circumferential chains or straps which assist in holding the fender into the vessel bulwark. Cylindricals are fitted to the tug hull with a longitudinal chain running down the fender bore. please consult Fentek for advice. C E øJ øG ød øD d d SLEEVED CHAIN Joining Plug A B B B B L C E øJ øG ød øD WEBBING STRAP A B B B B L TUG CYLINDRICAL FENDERS øD 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 L 2~13 metres in one section or joined for longer lengths A 150 200 225 250 300 300 350 350 B(max) 530 570 600 630 670 730 800 860 C 500 500 700 800 800 900 900 1000 E Varies in width according to size and type of circumferential attachment øG 150 190 225 260 300 375 450 525 ød 100 125 150 175 200 250 300 350 øj 75 75 75 100 100 100 125 125 All dimensions in millimetres 800 350 930 1000 600 400 125 900 350 1000 1100 675 450 150 1000 350 1060 1200 750 500 150 CURVE RADIUS Tug Cylindrical Fenders are produced in straight lengths but can be pulled around radiused hulls provided that the inside radius is at least four times the outside diameter of the fender. Smaller cylindrical fenders up to 500mm diameter are usually fixed using a longitudinal chain running down the bore of the fender. Where the radius is smaller than this. Available in diameters of up to 1000mm and in very long lengths. which is connected back to the hull with turnbuckles to tension the chain.TUG FENDERS BOW & STERN CYLINDRICAL FENDERS AT TA C H M E N T M E T H O D S Various attachment methods are used for securing cylindrical fenders to the hull. øD R R R ≥ 4 x øD øD 56 57 TUG FENDERS . The ends of the Cylindrical fenders can be tapered to help fair them into the hull. 5 300~400 80 x 10 M20 36.6 57.4 200 7. Once fitted.8 37.9 549 34.8 250~350 60 x 8 M16 22. but are typically used where a stiffer section is required. drilled or pre-curved as required for each application.5 350 22. DC. Square fenders are commonly used as beltings and also on the bow or stern of smaller tugs as pushing fenders since they can be fitted closely together to reduce the risk of ropes or protrusions catching between adjacent sections.9 157 2.7 300 16.6 250~350 60 x 8 M16 19.7 350~450 100 x 10 M24 78.2 300~400 80 x 10 M20 41. They can be cut to length.and DS. The fenders are forcibly jacked into the angles during installation and joints between adjacent sections are “plugged” to achieve a smooth and continuous contact face.4 628 45.7 150 4. Instead of drilling the fender. W (mm) 180 215 245 280 320 370 410 øA (mm) 100 150 150 200 200 250 250 B (mm) 100 150 150 200 200 250 250 øC (mm) 50 75 75 100 100 125 125 T (mm) 25 30 30 40 40 50 50 P (mm) 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 RSA (mm) 40 x 40 x 6 40 x 40 x 6 40 x 40 x 8 50 x 50 x 8 50 x 50 x 8 60 x 60 x 8 60 x 60 x 8 Weight (kg/m) 10.0 59. the “wings” sit tightly within the angles making this arrangement very resistant to longitudinal and transverse shear – ideal for tugs performing escort duties and similar applications.8 400~500 150 x 20 M36 234.5 350~450 90 x 10 M24 52.1 500 46.3 400 29.7 392 17.5 350~450 100 x 10 M24 55.8 H Flat Bar Bolt Size Weight 200~300 50 x 6 M12 10.4 350~450 100 x 10 M24 63.1 D-FENDERS D-fenders are widely used as beltings and protective fenders on many tugs and workboats. GENERIC PERFORMANCE CURVE 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 120 100 80 Ener gy ( % of R ated) Ra te d Re a c tio n (R R ) Reaction (% of Rat ed) c Rea tion 60 Ene rgy 40 20 0 Fender E R E Size (kNm) (kN) (kNm) 100 1. but both share the same flat rear face which makes them easy to install between parallel flat bars or angles with transverse bolt fixings.2 235 6.3 21.8 350~450 110 x 12 M24 79.6 350~450 120 x 12 M30 114.TUG FENDERS AT TA C H M E N T M E T H O D S – D C & S C F E N D E R S B E F G H H AT TA C H M E N T M E T H O D S – W I N G . D-fenders are available with a circular bore (DC) or as a solid profile (DS). All dimensions in millimetres SQUARE FENDERS Square fenders offer similar advantages to D-fenders.3 35.5 314 11.4 SC-FENDERS A B øC øD 100 100 30 15 150 150 65 20 165 125 65 20 200 200 75 25 200 200 100 25 250 200 80 30 250 250 100 30 300 250 100 30 300 300 125 30 350 350 175 35 400 400 200 35 500 500 250 45 All dimensions in millimetres.2 350~450 110 x 12 M24 90. angle cut at the ends.3 250 11.3 350~450 120 x 12 M30 106.7 350~450 130 x 15 M30 149.8 400~500 150 x 20 M36 202.5 Standard tolerances apply. Angle (RSA) WING-D FENDERS Wing-D fenders are used as an alternative to other profiles as beltings for tugs and workboats.9 471 25.5 20.5 300~400 80 x 10 M20 37.fenders can be supplied in long sections with maximum length restricted only by transport and handling limitations.4 350~450 130 x 15 M30 129. R (kN) 157 235 314 392 471 589 628 785 58 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 D e fle c tio n (% ) 59 TUG FENDERS .0 785 70.3 250~350 60 x 8 M16 20.D F E N D E R S B T P L øD øC A W øC øA FIXING DIMENSIONS DC-FENDERS A B 100 100 150 150 200 200 250 250 300 300 350 350 400 400 400 400 500 500 øC 30 65 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 øD 15 20 25 30 30 35 35 35 45 E 25 30 45 50 60 70 80 80 90 E 25 30 30 45 40 45 50 50 60 70 80 90 F 10 12 15 20 25 25 30 30 40 F 10 12 15 15 15 20 20 25 25 25 30 40 G 90~130 110~150 130~180 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 150~230 G 90~130 110~150 110~150 130~180 130~180 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 140~200 150~230 H Flat Bar Bolt Size Weight 200~300 50 x 6 M12 9. the wings are retained by steel angles. The square profile gives these fenders heavier shoulders which make them ideal for tougher service environments.8 350~450 130 x 15 M30 138. 0 56 5.8 6.0 41.8 6.3 50 150 65 8.6 42 2.6 31 0.1 67 8.5 2. Shackles and other accessories are all referenced to the nominal chain diameter (øC) for equivalent strength and typically of larger diameter material.1 70 11.3 39 1. it is common to use shackles the same size as the SL2 grade open link chain to provide an easily 4. However. Please ask Fentek for further advice on selecting and specifying chains. BS and JIS if preferred.9 44 132 57 5.2 28 84 36 1.2 7.9 50 3.2 34 102 44 2.7 1. øF mm 20 22 25 30 32 35 38 42 50 56 65 70 82 95 108 121 130 G mm 27 32 37 43 46 52 57 60 73 83 95 105 127 133 140 184 216 øH mm 40 44 50 60 64 70 76 84 100 112 130 140 164 190 216 242 260 MBL kN 128 190 255 335 375 470 530 670 980 1375 1770 2160 3340 4710 5890 7848 9810 Weight kg each 0.4 62 6.2 64 7.0 36 1.5 110 153 210 260 B øA W øC mm 18~24 26~30 32~36 38~42 44~48 — — øA mm 24 30 36 42 48 56 64 CHAIN TENSIONER B W mm mm 160 60 200 76 230 90 270 106 300 120 350 140 400 160 Weight kg each 9 17 27 44 63 96 146 L mm 270~350 340~420 400~500 470~600 540~680 620~800 700~900 60 All dimensions in millimetres.0 45 2.8 32 96 42 2. STUD LINK Common Link W mm 26 30 35 38 42 45 48 51 54 58 61 64 67 70 74 77 80 Weight kg/link 0.7 2.0 3.6 39 2.5 28 0.6 4.4 SL2 MBL kN 192 264 304 362 424 492 566 644 726 814 900 1010 1110 1220 1330 1450 1570 L øC replaceable “weak link” in the system.4 30 90 39 1.8 62 6.7 70 9.8 3.5 22 66 29 0.1 1.0 70 9.3 7.6 46 138 60 6.5D Links W Weight mm kg/link 25 0.1 38 114 49 3.2 27.6 50 4.0 60.CHAINS & ACCESSORIES L W Chains are used for two reasons – to suspend/support the fender or to control the deflection geometry during horizontal or vertical shear (see Fender Design section).0 20.0 59 5.3 56 5.8 14.8 5.8 34 1.8 35.0 34 1.3 SL2 (U2) kN 150 211 280 332 389 449 514 583 655 732 812 896 981 1080 1170 1280 1370 MBL SL3 (U3) kN 216 301 401 476 556 642 735 833 937 1050 1160 1280 1400 1540 1680 1810 1960 øD øJ E E øH øF øH øF G G L Bow Type SHACKLES D-Type øC øD E mm mm mm 16 16 51 18 19 60 19~20 22 71 22 25 81 24 28 90 26 32 100 28 35 111 30~32 38 122 34~38 44 146 40~46 50 171 48~50 56 180 — 64 203 — 76 216 — 89 266 — 102 305 — 110 360 — 120 390 All dimensions in millimetres.0 93.6 2.6 1.1 36 1.6 3.6 59 5.4 39 1.8 64 8. øD L mm 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154 161 168 175 3.8 59 6.0 30.6 13.3 1.0 65. Chains are an important component of a fender system and require careful design.5 28 0.7 53 4.7 42 2.6 48 3.7 7.1 50 3.7 64 7.1 11. Chain properties are based on Bureau Veritas rules (Table 10-II for stud link and table 10-III fpr open link).0D Links W Weight mm kg/link 25 0.8 62 7. chains can also be supplied to many other international standards such as DIN.4 28 0.0 42 2.1 L mm 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160 168 176 184 192 200 ØC W Size øC L mm mm 16 64 19 76 22 88 24 96 26 104 28 112 30 120 32 128 34 136 36 144 38 142 40 160 42 168 44 176 46 184 48 192 50 200 All dimensions in millimetres. which are generally similar to Lloyds and ASB standards.2 4.7 24 72 31 0. 61 ACCESSORIES .9 26 78 34 1.9 67 10.0 145 180 225 E mm 60 71 84 95 108 119 132 146 178 197 235 267 330 371 371 394 508 øF mm 20 22 25 30 32 35 38 42 50 56 65 70 82 95 108 121 130 G mm 27 32 37 43 46 52 57 60 73 83 95 105 127 133 140 184 216 øH mm 40 44 50 60 64 70 76 84 100 112 130 140 164 190 216 242 260 øJ mm 42 51 58 68 74 83 89 98 110 120 130 150 170 200 240 280 305 MBL kN 128 190 255 335 375 470 530 670 980 1375 1770 2160 3340 4710 5890 7848 9810 Weight kg each 0.0D Links øC L W Weight mm mm mm kg/link 18 54 23 0.0 48 3.6 36 108 47 3.4 53 4.0 1.2 All dimensions in millimetres.8 10.9 5.4 20 60 26 0.4 48 144 62 7.8 L mm 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 5.8 34 1.2 42 126 55 4.7 8.0 18. However. Open link and stud link chains are available in various strength grades.7 31 1.7 1.6 31 0. Open link chains can also be supplied with different link lengths from 3D to 5D to suit each specific design.5 45 3.5 3.3 1.4 4.0 2.0D Links W Weight mm kg/link 25 0.3 36 1.6 40 120 52 4. ACCESSORIES CHAINS Size 3.4 48 2.0 7.2 53 5.1 45 2.4 0.7 67 8.0 56 4. ● Grouts should be specified to suit local temperatures.4 5. Curing times may be much longer below 5°C and may be impractically short above 30°C. U-ANCHORS G t E F U-ANCHORS øC øD E F G mm mm mm mm mm 18 26 260 60 320 20 30 300 70 370 22 34 340 70 410 24 36 360 70 430 26 38 380 90 470 28 42 420 90 510 30 44 440 100 540 32 48 480 100 580 34 50 500 110 610 36 54 540 120 660 38 56 560 120 680 40 60 600 130 730 42 62 620 130 750 44 66 660 140 800 46 68 680 150 830 48 72 720 160 880 50 74 740 160 900 All dimensions in millimetres. ● Galvanised threads should be lubricated with a polysulphide grease or similar non-drying lubricant before final assembly. grade and embedment should be checked for each application.9 I N S TA L L AT I O N A D V I C E To ensure the best quality installation and longest service life. A temporary protective cap keeps the housing free from debris until the fenders are ready to install. C (sq) M12~M48 H CLA ANCHORS CLA M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 M42 M48 A 131 131 131 152 187 288 344 388 444 B 95 95 95 115 140 200 256 300 356 C(sq) 36 36 36 36 43 109 109 109 109 øD 17 17 17 21 25 39 39 52 52 G 110 110 110 140 170 240 300 350 410 H clamping thickness of fender or bracket J 2 2. Larger holes (for bigger anchors). B L J øD A CHAIN BRACKETS øC A B C D mm mm mm mm mm 18 110 15 55 15 20 110 15 55 15 22 130 20 65 20 24 130 20 65 20 26 150 25 75 25 28 160 25 80 25 30 160 25 80 25 32 190 35 95 35 34 190 35 95 35 36 210 35 105 35 38 220 35 110 35 40 220 35 110 35 42 250 40 125 40 44 260 40 130 40 46 260 40 130 40 All dimensions in millimetres. Non-standard sizes and materials are also available for special applications – please ask Fentek for further details.9 76. ● Fenders do not generally apply tension to anchors. To prevent loosening from vibration.1 7. The cast-in body is light weight so can be economically air freighted if necessary. Type CB1 brackets are generally used for shear and weight support chains. a lock nut should be used or the bolt head tack welded to the washer.7 54.5 23.3 8. ● Stainless steel threads should be treated with an anti-galling paste prior to final assembly. A A A CB1 CB CB2 60° (Chain) 90° (Chain) CB3 45° (Chain) 90° (Chain) E E E B C A A C D A D CLA ANCHORS CLA anchors have a high strength plastic housing which insulates against steel to steel contact between the anchor and reinforcement bars.4 41. All brackets are designed with either two or four anchor holes as required to suit the applied loads. Type CB2 are usually used with tension chains and Type CB3 are used to simultaneously connect weight and tension chains. but large tensile and/or shear forces may be imposed on chain bracket anchors and some other connections. Anchor diameter.8 59.6 70. E mm 55 55 60 60 70 80 80 90 90 95 110 110 115 120 120 Anchor mm 2/4 M20 2/4 M20 2/4 M20 2/4 M20 2/4 M24 2/4 M24 2/4 M24 2/4 M30 2/4 M30 2/4 M30 2/4 M36 2/4 M36 2/4 M36 2/4 M36 2/4 M42 Types CB1 & CB2 Type CB3 kg each kg each 6 7 6 7 9 10 9 10 14 16 18 21 18 21 30 32 30 32 35 39 47 53 47 53 61 69 67 78 67 78 CHAIN BRACKETS Chain brackets are often designed on a project by project basis to suit the chain system and load combinations. J mm 104 120 136 144 152 168 176 192 200 216 224 240 248 264 272 288 296 K mm 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 110 120 120 130 130 t mm 12 15 15 20 20 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 30 35 35 35 40 Weight kg each 3.6 10. The captive nut is set well into the concrete where it is better protected against corrosion. øD J K 62 63 CONCRETE ANCHORING SYSTEMS .1 20. different hole positions and orientations are all possible – please ask Fentek for details.1 44. certain points should be noted when specifying or fitting anchor systems:● Embedment depths indicated (dimension “B”) are based on reinforced 30N concrete with adequate edge and anchor-toanchor distances. Special grouts are available for extreme climates and for damp or underwater applications.7 16.7 13.7 29.7 33.ACCESSORIES CHAIN BRACKETS INTRODUCTION Fenders rely on good anchoring systems and Fentek provides a range of anchors to suit both new and existing structures in either galvanised finish or stainless steel.5 3 3 4 4 5 7 8 L = G + H + J (rounded up to nearest 5mm) = G + H + J (rounded up to nearest 10mm) All dimensions in millimetres. tail and square anchor plate. Please ask for details. A L B G J M12~M56 Grout Capsule øS H EC2 ANCHORS EC2 A B E G H J L øS Capsule M12 110 5~8 10 2. the anchor is installed using epoxy or polyester grout capsules as standard.CONCRETE ANCHORING SYSTEMS NC3 ANCHORS The NC3 is a traditional cast-in anchor design with threaded female ferrule. larger NC3 anchors (M64 and above) can be made to order. E L J øD A B F C (sq) M10~M56 H NC3 ANCHORS NC3 M10 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36 M42 M48 M56 A 117 152 198 240 300 308 397 408 420 B 104 139 180 220 278 283 370 377 389 C(sq) 30 40 60 70 80 90 100 120 130 øD 20 25 30 35 45 55 65 75 85 E 25 40 50 60 75 90 105 120 140 F 5 5 8 8 10 10 12 16 16 G 11~14 18~23 22~28 27~34 33~42 40~51 47~59 53~68 62~79 H clamping thickness of fender or bracket J 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 8 9 L = G + H + J (rounded up to nearest 5mm) = G + H + J (rounded up to nearest 10mm) All dimensions in millimetres. Injected grout systems and cementitous grouts (for larger anchor sizes) are available on request. NC1 “L-tail” and EC1 retrofit versions are also available on request for special applications.5 — 15 1 x C12 M16 140 6~9 13 3 175 20 1 x C16 M20 M24 M30 M36 M42 = E +G + H + J (rounded up to nearest 10mm) 170 210 280 330 420 6~9 8~12 8~12 10~15 14~21 16 19 24 29 34 clamping thickness of fender or bracket 3 4 4 5 7 240 270 360 420 500 25 28 35 40 50 1 x C20 1 x C24 1 x C30 1 x C30 2 x C30 M48 480 16~24 38 8 580 54 2 x C30 1 x C24 M56 560 18~27 45 9 — 64 4 x C30 64 All dimensions in millimetres. Available in standard sizes from M10 to M56. After drilling the concrete. EC2 ANCHORS The EC2 anchor is used for fixing fenders to existing concrete and where cast-in anchors are unsuitable. In all cases required length should be checked by calculation. 65 . Typical ex-stock dimensions for “L” are as indicated. 66 67 FENDER DESIGN THE DESIGN PROCESS . wear allowances and the protective coatings specified. Fender Design Fenders must reliably protect ships. STRUCTURES Fenders impose loads onto the berthing structure. materials. It is best used in conjunction with suitable international Codes of Practice such as BS1. Fentek is always available and willing to assist with every aspect of fender design. structure and vessels must be considered at all stages – before.FENDER DESIGN Many factors contribute to the design of a fender. steel fabrications. Fenders must suit current ships as well as those expected to arrive in the foreseeable future. PIANC3 and ROM4 as well as other sources of information. materials and conditions may influence the choice of fender. Berthing mode may affect the choice of ship speed and the safety factor for abnormal conditions. SHIPS Ship design is constantly evolving – their shapes change and many vessel types are getting larger. civil construction methods. Good fender design demands an understanding of ship technology.45 (1984) PIANC Maritime Works Recommendations – Actions in the Design of Maritime and Harbour Works ROM 0. Safety of personnel. Many berths are being built in more exposed locations where fenders can play a crucial role in the overall construction costs. This design guide should assist with many of the frequently asked questions which arise during fender design. during and after commissioning. Sept 1998 (ISSN 0454-4668) BERTHING Many factors will affect how vessels approach the berth. Japan No. The right fender choice may improve turnaround times and reduce downtime. structures and themselves – day after day for many years in severe environments with little or no maintenance. EAU2. Local practice. I N S TA L L AT I O N & M A I N T E N A N C E Installation of fenders should be considered early in the design process.2-90 (ISBN 84-7433-721-6) Ship Dimensions of Design Ship under Given Confidence Limits Technical Note of the Port and Harbour Research Institute. 911. Accessibility for maintenance may influence choice of materials. Ministry of Transport. References Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems BS 6349 : Part 4 : 1994 (ISBN 0-580-22653-0) PIANC WG33 Guidelines for the Design of Fenders : 2002 (ISBN 2-87223-125-0) Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures EAU 1996 7th Edition (ISBN 3-433-01790-5) Report of the International Commission for Improving the Design of Fender Systems Supplement to Bulletin No. the corresponding kinetic energy and the load applied to the structure. installation techniques and innumerable regulations and codes. ‘CHEAPEST’ FENDER DESIGN 500 450 400 350 300 Costs 250 200 150 115 145 245 260 290 LOWEST ‘FULL LIFE COST’ DESIGN 480 300 250 200 150 Costs 120 120 75 80 90 100 Construction savings Cost per period Cumulative costs 435 390 405 Construction savings Cost per period Cumulative costs 220 225 230 240 250 Bulbous bows are a feature of most modern ships. Care is also needed when ships have stern flares. Bulk Cargo and some other vessels require low hull contact pressures. often accompanied by various designs of large stern belting. Large lead-in bevels or continuous fender wall systems may be needed. Tankers. Care should be taken when designing for large tidal zones and with ‘tilting’ fender systems. Larger fender projection may be needed to keep vessels clear of the quay face and cranes. Depending on the quality of the materials and design. Care is needed if accommodating high speed and conventional ferries on the same berth. Loads etc. coastal tankers and some general cargo ships. Car Carriers and laden Container ships. Service Life. Safety Factor ABNORMAL ENERGY Select Fender and Panel Arrangement No Reaction Force Check Structure & Panels Yes OK? High freeboard ships can be difficult to manoeuvre in strong winds so berthing speeds may be higher. These can be intermittent and/or fitted at many levels. Ensure that the vessel cannot get caught underneath fenders at very low tides. Many structures are designed to last 50 years or more. Also ensure the bulbous bow cannot contact the front row of piles on the structure. S H I P F E AT U R E S & T A B L E S Large bow flares are common on Container and Cruise ships.FENDER DESIGN FULL LIFE COSTS All designers. when fully laden and in poor weather conditions. so can only accept limited loads on their belting which may be high above waterline. Beltings in poor condition can cause fender damage. Side doors are fitted to most Car Carriers. Design Refinements OK? No 68 FINAL FENDER DESIGN Yes Protrusions such as ‘cow catchers’ and other modifications can be prone to snagging on fenders. As the following examples show. especially when negotiating lock entrances. Panel Dimensions Tides. fenders typically last 15-30 years so will need replacing at least once during the lifetime of the berth. Hull Pressures etc. contractors and operators want the best value for money from their investment in fenders. general cargo vessels and many container ships have beltings. achieved with large fender panels. Maintenance can also add substantial amounts to the overall costs. Select Berthing Velocity. But when the initial purchase cost of fenders is looked at in isolation. this does not give the full picture. 69 FENDER DESIGN . Calculate (Normal) Energy Stern doors are common on RoRo ships. 100 70 50 0 100 100 45 5 5 10 10 5 5 10 10 100 50 100 100 -50 -100 Most ferries. a high quality and well designed fender system can yield savings from the very beginning. In large tidal zones. Yes OK? No Material Specifications Corrosion Protection etc. Belting sections vary – square or half-round are most common. Shear Forces Restraint Chain Sizes Yes OK? No Berthing Angles Angular Performance Yes OK? No Gas Carriers. Affected vessels include RoRo. These are usually recessed which can snag fenders. care should be taken to ensure these do not sit on top of the fender panel. Care is needed when fenders are widely spaced to ensure the bulbous bow cannot catch behind fenders. DESIGN FLOW CHART Type of Structure Ship Data Berthing Mode Location & Environment Low freeboard vessels include barges. The flare angle can reduce fender energy capacity. Yes OK? No High speed catamarans and monohulls are often built of aluminium. 15 30 15 30 15 30 -50 0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 Time from installation Time from installation Many RoRo and Cruise ships have a flying bridge. 500 7.000 100.5 44.548 C O N TA I N E R S H I P S ( P O S T PA N A M A X ) dwt (t) 70.6 19.9 4.000 25.000 10.0 5.83m3 (100ft3).775 0.000 80.2 D (m) 11.677 0.500 27.000 20.686 FREIGHT RO-RO dwt (t) 50.2 9.1 CB --0.500 MD (t) 54.799 0.9 27.000 MD (t) 48.500 28.0 13.2 23.000 40.9 19.000 29.2 1.821 0.000 277.8 38.000 3.1 4.832 0.3 14.000 54.500 18.2 32.4 4.000 10.000 47.8 41.714 0.000 350. crew and reserves with which the vessel is laden when submerged to the summer loading line.0 41.817 0.6 11.7 26.2 D (m) 13.0 20.000 400.000 78.000 420.000 55.722 0.8 13.000 15.622 0.000 350.7 11.4 12.000 186. stores.000 217.696 0.8 CB --0.804 0.4 10.714 0.2 32.803 0.3 10.4 3.2 30.5 43.0 15. stores.000 30.4 6.2 7.5 15.0 38.000 100.5 19.796 0.712 0.651 0.000 20.5 9.750 CAR CARRIERS dwt (t) 30.793 0.8 3.4 5.000 55.000 246.816 0.000 LOA (m) 375 362 350 335 315 290 275 255 240 220 195 160 130 LBP (m) 356 344 333 318 300 276 262 242 228 210 185 152 124 B (m) 62.848 0.2 32.500 LOA (m) 210 205 198 190 LBP (m) 193 189 182 175 B (m) 32.000 15.2 32.2 2.000 200.6 5.696 P R O D U C T A N D C H E M I C A L TA N K E R S dwt (t) 50.7 2.000 2.500 LOA (m) 280 274 268 261 LBP (m) 266 260 255 248 B (m) 41. Note that lightweight tonnage + deadweight tonnage = displacement tonnage.0 D (m) 24.0 23.000 25.0 52.9 6.0 6.000 475.000 305.703 0.000 60.000 90.000 61.500 LOA (m) 287 275 260 245 231 216 197 177 153 121 LBP (m) 273 261 247 233 219 205 187 168 145 115 B (m) 32.0 F (m) 14.715 0.000 350.4 5.662 0.763 0.5 F (m) 9.5 8.9 10.783 0.3 4.3 7.000 50.2 32.000 8.2 12.0 52.621 0.400 9.000 15.5 39.2 12.000 75.5 13.000 275.802 0.0 6.0 22.5 26.000 60.000 25.000 150.822 0.2 23.7 11.FENDER DESIGN U L C C & V L C C TA N K E R S dwt (t) 500.000 40.4 19.811 0.000 36.000 30.000 30.1 8.000 20.3 D (m) 12.4 6.5 17.0 15.000 250.8 20.8 14.0 CB --0.2 32.3 5.5 19.000 LOA (m) 209 199 188 178 166 152 133 105 85 LBP (m) 199 189 179 169 158 145 127 100 80 B (m) 30.2 32.000 45.2 10.5 12.0 13.000 74.000 175.612 0.000 406.761 0.000 10.7 10.000 150.848 0.4 3.000 20.000 98.8 2.8 7.2 9.840 0.721 0.000 236.5 6.0 65.500 81.614 0.000 125.2 32.4 24.5 46.000 21.000 40.0 F (m) 14.758 0.0 F (m) 5.783 0.000 26.000 20.0 56.8 15.000 70.000 45.1 9.500 48.000 50.758 dwt (t) 40.3 CB --0.7 21.2 32.789 dwt (t) 60.8 5.715 0.7 10.8 F (m) 9.9 5.8 1.000 121.7 10.2 32.714 0.0 17.5 16.5 3.0 57.0 28.5 18.0 F (m) 13.812 0.618 0.0 9.5 3.5 4.824 0.614 0.6 8.900 LOA (m) 210 200 188 174 145 110 90 LBP (m) 200 190 178 165 137 104 85 B (m) 32.000 102. deadweight tonnage (dwt) The total mass of cargo.0 23.591 0.644 0.2 32.000 MD (t) 87.000 54.636 0.1 7.000 35.626 0.000 20.3 CB --0.000 125.6 11.000 35.000 15.0 D (m) 12.0 9.614 70 DEFINITIONS gross registered tonnage (grt) The gross internal volumetric capacity of the vessel measured in units of 2.838 0.5 29.000 179.000 35.8 12.5 19.816 0.000 5.6 9.814 0.000 10.797 0.000 25.000 365.0 11.0 36.0 36.500 C O N TA I N E R S H I P S ( PA N A M A X ) LOA (m) 290 278 267 255 237 222 210 195 174 152 130 LBP (m) 275 264 253 242 225 211 200 185 165 144 124 B (m) 32.2 11.0 61.500 14.5 2.0 3.0 21.0 24.000 5.000 300.8 10.5 6.802 0.1 10.000 13.000 MD (t) 590.705 0.5 12.2 30.2 32.4 12.000 150.726 0.9 16.3 4.8 11. crew and reserves.7 CB --0.3 F (m) 8.697 0.5 49.0 11.000 92.000 MD (t) 66.000 LOA (m) 415 380 365 350 340 330 320 310 300 285 270 250 235 225 217 LBP (m) 392 358 345 330 321 312 303 294 285 270 255 236 223 213 206 B (m) 73.000 13.000 35.0 D (m) 24.7 10.000 MD (t) 83.000 20.2 2.000 225.724 0.6 11.2 13.000 200.5 12.000 156.000 250.000 MD (t) 464. fuels.0 F (m) 4.5 59.000 84.000 60.5 9.737 0. lightweight tonnage (lwt) The total mass of the ship. Note that this is not an exact measure of the cargo load.8 8.2 39.000 MD (t) 100.0 59.2 8.1 14.2 8.0 12.000 335.615 0.9 3.0 4.000 30.500 28.802 0.2 7.2 8.000 292.000 40.6 8. excluding cargo.9 CB --0.0 40.9 8.4 7.8 22.500 33.000 80.791 0.0 31.5 33.000 54.5 7.000 5.0 28.0 68.000 65.7 16.8 6.000 125.8 12.500 4.5 13.0 23.000 63. fuels.000 45.500 68.000 41.7 10.719 0.000 42.3 D (m) 13.3 CB --0.000 4. MD = Displacement LOA = Length Overall LBP = Length Between Perpendiculars B = Beam D = Laden Draft F = Laden Freeboard 71 FENDER DESIGN .6 8.8 7.000 27.8 13.8 9.833 0.9 10.500 40.9 5.8 7.000 34.8 10.2 9.3 18.783 0.000 72.000 42.0 28.000 15.5 48.673 0.000 76.000 300.0 28.0 55.1 8.4 10.000 10.693 0.5 13.0 21.0 D (m) 12.6 26.7 11.8 6.1 7.5 63.828 0.721 GENERAL CARGO SHIPS BULK CARRIERS dwt (t) 400. 3 24.5 6.1 7.4 6. and sometimes vice versa.4 2.60 4.010 5.000 13.60 8.1 22. PA S S E N G E R S H I P S grt (t) 10.651 0.800 10.00 17.000 MD (t) 44. additional fender supports are either bracketed off the piles or a local extension to the concrete face is provided. Monopile structures are often built in remote locations.0 3.80 24.030 LOA (m) 142 125 112 93 81 64 LBP (m) 128 114 102 86 75 60 B (m) 21.9 13. The right choice of fender. Even at accepted piling tolerances. As loads are distributed over a relatively few piles.559 STRUCTURES The jetty structure will have a large influence on the choice of fendering system.0 28. Where tidal variations are small.7 5.000 40.3 4.6 8.4 2.000 20.1 6.1 6.00 88. This is even more relevant to jetties built with concrete piles.000 78.000 3.8 41.900 13.0 23.00 69.6 4.000 MD (t) 25.6 19.642 0. It is more difficult to attach fenders (or brackets) on Z-profile piles as the pile clutch is on the outpan. fender reaction is critical. when considered at an early stage.3 11.3 F (m) 8.60 SHEET PILE Sheet pile construction lies somewhere between an open pile and mass structure.613 0.3 12. but as these berths often accommodate a wide range of vessel classes and sizes.800 27.664 0.000 70.2 3.480 LOA (m) 294 263 237 203 179 164 144 129 117 100 88 71 LBP (m) 281 251 226 192 169 154 136 121 109 93 82 66 B (m) 45.473 0.000 49.560 2.830 4.3 12.612 0.70 B (m) 40.656 0.00 16.90 2.4 5.7 D (m) 12.458 0.8 7.2 32.3 12.1 7. the face for mounting fenders can be far from uniform.621 0.805 0. but these are more susceptible to loads.442 0.6 28.2 2.1 D (m) 6.000 7.8 4.700 34.000 LOA (m) 272 265 252 234 212 192 LBP (m) 231 225 214 199 180 164 B (m) 35.000 17.000 20.00 96.000 2.10 2.10 8.4 10.740 1.500 LOA (m) 197 187 182 175 170 164 155 LBP (m) 183 174 169 163 158 152 144 B (m) 30.3 82.0 8.6 94.000 40. RoRo terminals and wherever a continuous quay face is not required.000 50.9 3. They comprise of vertical and/or raking piles with a heavy concrete cap.000 24.5 4. CRUISE LINERS grt (t) 80.5 CB --0. Structure design will depend to a large degree on local practice.000 30. geology and materials.3 11.4 6.90 3.00 25.0 14.00 D (m) 4. the fenders will need adequate stand-off and sometimes fitted at closer centres to avoid contact between structure and ship.2 37.000 35.000 18.000 19. fenders are generally installed directly to the concrete cope.3 6.1 14.000 MD (t) 144.000 25. if necessary. Thought should be given to connections near low water as near waterline (or underwater) welding can be difficult and expensive.6 26. Where dolphins are designed as elastic structures (with vertical piles).000 5.10 23.000 10.6 F (m) 5.50 3.5 6.000 2.30 F (m) 15.609 0.200 6.2 32.3 4.3 CB --0.1 5.10 82.0 3.2 16.9 5.000 34.00 26.000 70.000 21.5 6.5 6.000 105.666 0.616 DOLPHIN Dolphins are typically used for tanker berths.0 122.000 5.1 9. As with conventional dolphins.7 4.70 3.9 3. GAS CARRIERS grt (t) 100. In large tidal zones. so low reaction fenders are often specified.2 32.5 100.000 29.656 0.320 2.2 D (m) 8.1 CB --0.000 21.000 30.60 11.736 0.6 F (m) 4.530 4.611 0.2 CB --0.20 7.2 32.7 D (m) 7. Lower fender connections direct from the piles may need to incorporate a means of adjustment to suit piling tolerances.60 63.633 0.000 60.FENDER DESIGN FERRIES grt (t) 50.4 8.507 0.0 145.587 0.8 18.7 4. fender reaction is critical. Maintenance and repair will be more difficult so these factors need to be carefully considered early in the design process. Vertical piles are less expensive to drive. so fenders need to be fast and simple to install.000 MD (t) 8.000 3.4 5.5 25.6 7.00 3.5 1.000 38.4 12.660 0. the spring stiffness of the structure can be used to good effect to absorb a proportion of the berthing energy.681 MONOPILE Monopile dolphins are perhaps the most economic means of constructing a berth.00 4.622 0.50 128.0 7. provided soil conditions are suitable and installation plant for the large diameter steel tubes is locally available. FAST FERRIES Type Catamaran Monohull Catamaran Catamaran Monohull Monohull Catamaran Catamaran Name HSS 1500 Aries Pacificat Jonathon Swift Pegasus One Super SeaCat Boomerang SeaCat MD (m) 4000 3800 1825 1400 1275 1250 1230 950 LOA (m) 125.000 15.7 27.00 74. can often have a significant effect on the overall cost of the berth.8 18.532 MASS STRUCTURE Mass structures are more common in regions with lower tidal variations and where the large volumes of construction materials are readily available. Below are some examples of some typical berth structures and considerations for the fender design:- OPEN PILE JETTIES Open pile construction is an economic means of building simple berths as well as large jetty structures.0 10.2 32.8 16.6 F (m) 16.000 10.00 22.000 7.000 50. Fenders are usually installed onto the concrete deck and.0 32.7 LBP (m) 107.00 3.887 0.600 0.2 4.000 1. it may be necessary to attach fenders directly or via brackets to the sheet piles.7 6.000 35.4 26.665 0.1 20. Fender reaction is less important.000 15.7 3.000 1.8 3.486 0.652 0.910 1.000 15.5 4. 72 73 FENDER DESIGN .0 86.9 2.3 73.55 4.0 1.6 2.643 0. 0m/s. The forward motion can generate large shear on the fenders. Approach mode may be restricted by dredged channels and the effects of flood and ebb tides. in turn affecting the type and size of suitable fenders. a venturi effect can cause the two ships to be pulled together very rapidly during the final stages of berthing. V MLWN MLWS LAT LRT SHIP-TO-SHIP BERTHING Ship-to-ship berthing commonly occurs in exposed. such as oil. 3) RIVER BERTHS Largest tidal range (depends on location). As a general guide. VB 74 75 FENDER DESIGN . Berthing angles are normally in the region of 5-15°. If both vessels are moving forward at the time of berthing. B E R T H I N G E N E R G Y C A L C U L AT I O N S 2) TIDAL BASINS Larger variations in water level (depends on location). Berthing speeds are typically in the range of 150300mm/s and berthing angles in the region of 5-15°. these locations are usually sheltered from strong winds. Tidal variations will influence the structure design and selection of fenders. can push vessels onto or off of the berth – this can influence the selection of berthing speed. Local conditions will play a large part in deciding the berthing speeds and approach angles.5-2. Transverse velocity and berthing angles tend to be fairly small. open waters. HRT HAT MHWS MHWN MSL MLWN MLWS LAT LRT Highest Recorded Tide Highest Astronomical Tide Mean High Water Spring Mean High Water Neap Mean Sea Level Mean Low Water Neap Mean Low Water Spring Lowest Astronomic Tide Lowest Recorded Tide HRT HAT MHWS MHWN MSL CURRENTS AND WINDS Current and wind forces. Ship sizes may be restricted due to lock access. these forces are generally less critical but special cases do exist. from sheltered basins to unprotected open waters. depending on their direction. LOCK ENTRANCES Vessels tend to approach lock entrances and similar restricted channels at fairly high forward speeds to maintain steerage – typically 0. May be used by larger vessels than non-tidal basins. Container Ships) will be more greatly affected by strong winds. but when they are the berthing speeds tend to be high – typically 200-500mm/s. particularly on very soft structures. SIDE BERTHING This is the most common method of approach along continuous quays. deep draught vessels (Tankers etc) will be more greatly affected by currents and high freeboard vessels (RoRo. VB TYPICAL BERTHING L O C AT I O N S 1 DOLPHIN BERTHING 2 Dolphins are common on oil and bulk berths. End fenders are infrequently used.FENDER DESIGN L O C AT I O N Berthing structures are sited in a variety of locations. waves and currents. Typical relative transverse velocities are 150-300mm/s at angles of 5-15°. V TIDES Tides vary greatly with location and may have extremes of just a few centimetres (Mediterranean. Berthing speeds are fairly well controlled and typically in the range of 100250mm/s. waves and currents. Baltic etc) to upwards of 15 metres (parts of UK and Canada). VB END BERTHING 3 4 End berthing is normally restricted to RoRo vessels and similar ships with stern or bow doors for unloading vehicles. Berths generally used by single classes of vessel. 1) NON-TIDAL BASINS With minor changes in water level. Once berthed and provided the vessel is in contact with a number of fenders. but still generally sheltered from winds. Vessels are usually tug assisted during their approach. waves and currents. depending on ship size and berth 4 ) C O A S TA L B E R T H S Maximum exposure to winds. gas or bulk. waves and currents. with greater exposure to winds. Structures on river bends may complicate berthing manoeuvres. the following formulae can be used:V(a) = 392.85 0. the table can be used to estimate displacement.4 MD0. The most widely used guide to berthing speeds is the Brolsma table. sheltered Difficult berthing. BERTHING VELOCITIES 900 B VASCO C OSTA M ETHOD 800 CM = 1 + 700 2.D.FENDER DESIGN B E R T H I N G V E L O C I T I E S (V) Berthing velocities will depend upon the ease or difficulty of the approach. Conditions are normally divided into five categories as on the right.80 0.0 x 31. sheltered Easy berthing. adopted by BS1.60~0.454 902.60~0.8 – 0. D = Draft (m) B = Beam (m) ▼ VB D e 600 Velocity (mm/s) 500 d c 400 S HIGERU U EDA M ETHOD CM = 1 + .397 13. CB = MD .454 32. speeds for main vessel sizes are tabulated.4 x 25. PIANC2 and other standards. D = Draft (m) CB = Block Coefficient (see below) B = Beam (m) D2 VB2 VB1 D1 0 1000 10000 Displacement (1000 tonne) 1000000 5000000 BLOCK COEFFICIENT The Block Coefficient (CB) is a function of the hull shape and is expressed as follows:- To estimate berthing velocity.75 0.458 BERTHING VELOCITIES MD (tonne) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 V(a) (mm/s) 179 151 136 125 117 94 74 64 57 52 39 28 22 19 17 V(b) (mm/s) 343 296 269 250 236 192 153 133 119 110 83 62 52 45 41 V(c) (mm/s) 517 445 404 374 352 287 228 198 178 164 126 95 80 71 64 V(d) (mm/s) 669 577 524 487 459 377 303 264 239 221 171 131 111 99 90 V(e) (mm/s) 865 726 649 597 558 448 355 308 279 258 201 158 137 124 115 Note that if length.1 – 2. exposure of the berth and the size of the vessel. usually where under keel crearance is more than 10% of the vessel draft and when berthing velocity exceed 80mm/s.452 19. The Vasco Costa method is the most widely used by design codes for ship to shore berthing.72~0.85 0.397 586.8 MD0.435 25. exposed A D D E D M A S S C O E F F I C I E N T (C M ) The Added Mass Coefficient allows for the body of water carried along with ship as it moves sideways through the water.3 x 19.50~0.435 1853.75 0.D .9 – 5.SW V(b) = where.458 1210.B ▼ B1 B2 300 b 200 a 100 where. LBP B. exposed Good berthing.2 x 32. the momentum of the entrained water continues to push against the ship and this increases the ship’s apparent mass.3 – 26. The Shigeru Ueda method is used for both ship to shore and ship to ship berthing situations. = Displacement of vessel (t) MD LBP = Length between perpendiculars (m) B = Beam (m) SW = Seawater density = 1.8 + MD0.65~0.65 B D L BP V(d) = V(e) = 76 77 FENDER DESIGN . As the ship is stopped by the fender.72~0. a b c d e Easy berthing.8 – 11.0 MD0.85 0.D B where.70~0.9 + MD0.452 MD0. beam and draft are known.72~0.72~0.55~0.85 0.8 + MD0.80 0. 2 CB.70 0.65~0.3 + MD0.1 + MD0. exposed Difficult berthing.7 MD0.85 0.9 31.025t/m3 V(c) = Typical Block Coefficients (CB) Tankers Bulk Carriers Container Ships General Cargo RoRo Vessels Ferry BS 6349 0.6 x 13. For ease of use.65 PIANC 0. x= Mid-ships berthing x= CE Ϸ 1. The dolphin pairs are usually placed at 0.8 Third-point berthing Some designers use the simplified formula for the Eccentricity Coefficient below. When calculating R and ␥. of more than 150mm) then Cs is ignored. ␦F .9 CC = 1.0 where. L BP B E R T H C O N F I G U R AT I O N C O E F F I C I E N T (C C ) The Berth Configuration Coefficient (CC) allows for the cushioning effect of water trapped between the vessel and the berth.cos2(␥)) K2 + R2 D KC K = [(0.4 times the length of the design vessel.9 CS = 1.6 KC CE Ϸ 0.0 ▼ B 2 S EMI -C LOSED S TRUCTURES The Eccentricity Coefficient is calculated using the following formula:K2 K2 + R2 Values for the Eccentricity Coefficient generally fall within the following limits:LBP 4 LBP 3 LBP 2 For ␣ Ͻ 5°.5 D CC Ϸ 0. When calculating the Eccentricity Coefficient. If this is greater than about 5°. CE = 1. The value of CC will also be affected by the berthing angle of the vessel.R ␣ for for KC Ͻ –– 0.sin ␣) which must be resisted by the fenders. Similarly.5 D KC Ͻ 0.8 CC Ϸ 0.cos ␣) is not decreased by berthing impacts and it is the transverse velocity component (V. C LOSED S TRUCTURES x for B/2 ␥ R ␣ for KC Ͻ –– 0.11] . CB LBP x B = Block coefficient = Length between perpendiculars (m) = Distance from bow to point of impact = Beam (m) = Berthing angle R= CE = ␥ = 90° – [ ] [ ] ␣ [ ] LBP 2 2 x + 2 – a sin B 2. it is suggested by PIANC that the ship’s speed parallel to the berthing face (V.9 ▼ For ␣ Ͻ 5°. then CC should be taken as unity.6~0. CC = 1 D Quarter-point berthing CE Ϸ x= CE Ϸ 0.4~0. the velocity vector angle (␥) is taken between VB and R. for ␦F Ͻ –– 150mm 150mm CS Ϸ 0. S O F T N E S S C O E F F I C I E N T (C S ) R ␥ VB a ␣ for ␦F 78 Ͻ The Softness Coefficient (Cs) allows for the energy absorbed by elastic deformation of the ship hull or by its rubber belting. the distance from the vessels centre of mass to point of impact (R) and the velocity vector angle (␥ ) using the following formulae:K2 + (R2. ␣ VB = V.3-0.5 D KC Ͻ 0. In extreme cases where VB is coaxial with the fender.0 O PEN S TRUCTURES CC = 1.5 D CC Ϸ 0. then the trapped water can easily escape under the vessel which also reduces the coefficient. Care should be used as this method can lead to an underestimation of berthing energy when the berthing angle is large (␣ Ͻ Ϫ 10°) and/or the point of impact is aft of quarter-point (x Ͻ LBP/4). you must firstly calculate the radius of gyration (K). a dimension (a) of approximately 4-6% of the design vessel length is commonly assumed. LBP where. if the under keel clearance (KC) is large relative to the draft of the ship. KC = Under keel clearance (m) D = Draft (m) ▼ D LOCK ENTRANCES AND GUIDING FENDERS In cases where the ship has a significant forward motion.sin ␣ R V ␥ KC DOLPHIN BERTHS Ships will rarely berth exactly centrally against the berthing dolphins. CC = 1 VB To determine the Eccentricity Coefficient.FENDER DESIGN E C C E N T R I C I T Y C O E F F I C I E N T (C E ) The Eccentricity Coefficient allows for the energy dissipated in rotation of the ship when the point of impact is not opposite the centre of mass of the vessel.CB) + 0. Larger offsets will increase the Eccentricity Coefficient.0 79 FENDER DESIGN .19. When a ‘soft’ fender is used (defined as having a deflection. 25 1.5 Compound Angle : = cos (1+tan +tan ) 2 2.3 22.MD.CM1 ) ( MD1.CM. Fentek can advise on whether this is feasible in each case.9 26.7 14.3 20.0 17.4 14.6 19.1 20. the compression angle of the fender is the same as the berthing angle. The compound angle () of ␣ and  can be estimated from the table below:- -1 2 2 -0.6 12. especially for small bow radii SHIP-TO-SHIP BERTHING EN = 0.2 16.CS.0 or higher 2.CM1 )+( MD2.CM.CC Once all of the criteria and coefficients have been established. moments and stresses.2 12.5.2 8.8 4 4.5 16.CS.5 2. sudden weather changes or human error.1 18 18. factored normal reactions often yield the worst design case.8 24.5 24. depending on the fender and structure types. FENDER SELECTION When selecting fenders for an application. and the reaction will be similar for both normal and abnormal impacts.7 18.0 1. In this instance. to balance the normal and abnormal reactions of the fender.7 20.CE.1 18.V2 V Where vessels berth with their curved bow against the fender. PIANC11 suggests abnormal impact safety factors be applied to the design (normal) energy according to the table below:- = asin ␣ [ ] S 2.2 22.0 = Berthing angle  = Bow flare angle S = Fender to fender spacing RB = Bow radius = Hull contact angle (on plan) = Compound angle 80 81 FENDER DESIGN .9 19.5 8 8. ( MD2.5 15.1 27.MD.CM1 ) .1 16.7 6 6. Workboats etc Vessel Largest Smallest Largest Smallest Safety Factor 1.CC RB RB VB e Ov LOCK ENTRANCES EN = 0.CE.3 7.5 20. on Dolphin berths). When the parallel mid-body of the ship contacts the fender (i.e.0 18. It is important to check both the normal and abnormal cases to determine which results in the highest structural loads.7 11.CM1 ) ] .8 22.5 .MD.CC a rh ng e du to b ow e fla r ␣ e Ov a rh ng e du to b ow fla r e ␣ V S S/2 ø (<␣) S I N G L E F E N D E R C O N TA C T • All energy absorbed by a single fender T W O F E N D E R C O N TA C T • Energy shared over two fenders • Compound angle () is important • Hull-structure clearance (C) may be less.5.C B E VB • Full fender deflection likely • Bow flare angle () is important • 3-fender contact also possible when fenders are installed closer together COMPRESSION ANGLES END BERTHING EN = 0. the designer needs to consider how the fender will be used in service and the effects this may have on performance.2 10.7 20 20.0 22. It is sometimes possible. This will optimise the design of both fender and structure.2 8. Depending on the project.R B Type of Berth Tankers and Bulk Cargo Container General Cargo RoRo and Ferries Tugs.3 15. A B N O R M A L B E R T H I N G E N E R G Y (E A ) Abnormal impacts may occur for many reasons – engine failure.75 2.(VB)2.1 14.5 16 16.MD.(V.CM.3 21.3 23.75 1.9 10.9 23.4 17. the load factors applied to fender reactions under normal berthing are higher than those applied under abnormal berthing.sin ␣)2. the formula can be used to calculate the ‘normal’ kinetic energy (EN) of the ship according to the mode of berthing.0 12 12.8 14 14. Fenders are generally designed to absorb the full abnormal energy. the true contact angle () will be less than the berthing angle (␣ ) due to the bow radius of the hull (RB).FENDER DESIGN NORMAL BERTHING E N E R G Y (E N ) SIDE BERTHING EN = 0. [ ( MD1.6 13.0 11. factors may include:• Single or multiple fender contacts • Effects of angular compression • Fender efficiency (E/R) • Temperature extremes • Speed of approach VB S I N G L E O R M U LT I P L E F E N D E R C O N TA C T S DOLPHIN BERTHING EN = 0.2 19.8 21.4 18. (V )2.CS. BS1 suggests fenders be designed to include a safety factor of "up to" two times the normal berthing energy.5 5.0 17.5.3 10 10.3 Degrees 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20  L O A D FA C T O R S In limit state designs.5.CE. breakage of towing lines.(VB)2. it is possible for ships with small bow radii to contact the structure when berthing at an angle to the quay face.the type of ship. where. the general design requirements remain the same in each case:• • • • • • α Resistance to bending moments and shear forces Resistance to local buckling of internal member and webs Stability of the front/back plates when in compression Distribution of loads and stresses across panel members Adequate weld types and sizes Suitable corrosion protection for the intended environment Most fender panels are now specified as “closed box” structures comprising of front and back plates plus a series of vertical and horizontal stiffening members. but often have a lower berthing energy as well so will not compress the fenders as much. They are generally of fabricated steel composite beam construction and are designed to suit each individual berth. Irrespective of the project. tidal range. In the absence of adequate information about the ships. Detail design is generally carried out using limit state design codes in conjunction with finite element and other computer modelling software which needs to be specifically adapted for fender panels. F U L L F A C E C O N TA C T This case often arises with high freeboard vessels. A range of vessels which may use the berth should be checked to determine the worst design case. positioning of restraint chains and many other variables.R L F= L 2 W= [ –] a W L L 2 F=O 2. berthing conditions and the design of the structure. The graphs below can be used to estimate the bow radius for different vessel types. However.a L W. To calculate the maximum fender spacing. CRUISE LINER R R = W+F 2. panel etc (m) Fender deflection (m) Clearance distance (m) DESIGN CASES There are a number of commonly occurring cases which designers needs to consider when specifying fender panels. The optimum clearance dimension (C) will vary from project to project according to vessel types. characteristics of the rubber fender unit. the bow radius (RB).R. other loads and worst case bending moment may be calculated as follows:- F [( B 2 OA ) ) + ( L8B 2 ] a TYPICAL BOW RADII Notes:• Smaller ships usually have a smaller bow radius. • The clearance distance will also need to take account of any bow flare angles. Assuming basic dimensions and rubber fender unit characteristics are know. berthing mode. RB F E N D E R PA N E L D E S I G N Fender panels (or ‘frames’) are used to distribute the reaction forces from the rubber fender units into the ship’s hull. R W F L Mmax MR = = = = = = Reaction of rubber unit (kN) Uniform load across panel face (kN) Equilibrium load (kN) Contact length of panel face (m) Maximum bending moment (kNm) Moment at R (kNm) 82 83 FENDER PANELS . fender centres should not be more than 15% of the overall length of the smallest ship. The minimum clearance is often in the range of 5~15% of the uncompressed fender projection. the energy to be absorbed may be smaller. Correctly designed closed box panels (as opposed to open box panels) are popular because:• • • • • Better strength to cost ratio Lower maintenance (no corrosion traps) Easier to inspect Less prone to damage Longer lasting S≤2• ͌ RB2-(RB-PU+␦F+C)2 PU θ (<α) δF S S/2 C Bow radius can be estimated with the following formula:1 RB~ 2 S RB PU δF C = = = = = Centre to centre spacing of fenders (m) Bow radius (m) Uncompressed fender projection including rubber.a2 Mmax = MR = . +F . • Bow flares are larger closer to the bow.a 2L 2L for a = b = b C O N TA I N E R S H I P BULK CARRIER & GENERAL CARGO SHIP where.b2 W. the point of hull contact with the fender is further away from the centre of mass of the vessel. This means that whilst the bow flare angle may be larger. fender projection (PU) and deflection (␦F) should first be determined. = . The loads and stresses applied to the panels will depend on many factors .FENDER SPACING F E N D E R S PA C I N G If fenders are spaced too far apart. (b+c))+(R2. n L Mmax = MR = n . other loads and worst case bending moment may be calculated as follows:R = F + n .81.T . friction coefficient of the front face pads and the weight of the fender panel plus pads (weight chains only).15 for UHMW-PE facings. R1 R2 L1 L2 F1 F2 L M1 M2 MR 1 = a sin = = = = = = = = = = Reaction of upper rubber unit (kN) Reaction of lower rubber unit (kN) Deflection of upper rubber unit (m) Deflection of lower rubber unit (m) Upper impact load (kN) Lower impact load (kN) Contact length of panel face (m) Bending moment at R1 (kNm) Bending moment at R2 (kNm) Moment at R (kNm) R2 [ ] H1 LC orH1 = LC . an adjuster.L O W L E V E L I M PA C T This case can often arises with low freeboard vessels berthing at low tide. Chains should not be twisted as this reduces their load capacity instead. if necessary. n. (⌺R))+W 9. c = (F1 .b T= . L SAFETY FACTORS A safety factor should always be applied to the safe working load (SWL) of the chain to minimise the risk of breakage and to allow for wear and tear. a)+(R2. In the event of accidental overload due to snagging or other reasons.T R. typically Combined reaction of all rubber fenders (kN) Number of chains acting together Minimum Breaking Load of chain (tonne) Factor of safety = 2~3 (typically) 84 85 RESTRAINT CHAINS DESIGN CASES . though for very heavy duty applications. Restraint chains must resist snatch loads and for this reason open link rather than stud link chains are preferred. These forces are a function of the fender reaction. sin1 H2 = H1 – ␦F 2 = a sin [ ] H2 LC or 2 = a sin [ ] LC H1– ␦F c SWL = F2 (. Well designed chain assemblies are important for the good performance of the fender system. as studs tend to work loose after repeated loadings resulting in significant loss of strength. SHACKLES It is wise to include a “weaker” link in the chain assembly. b M2 = F2 . If the same breaking load is required for both chains and shackles.a F= L R. (b+c))–R2 . Normally weight chains are set at a static angle of 15~25° to the vertical and shear chains are set 20~30° to the horizontal. Assuming basic dimensions and rubber fender unit characteristics are know. 1 = H1 = LC = H2 = ␦F = 2 = SWL = = = ⌺R = n = MBL = FS = H2 where. (See Chain & Shackle Tables) C H A I N C A L C U L AT I O N S Both weight and shear chain loads are determined in the same manner as follows:L b W W where. Excessive slack should be avoided by careful dimensioning of the chains and. R F n T L Mmax MR = = = = = = = Reaction of rubber unit (kN) Impact load (kN) Number of tension chains Tension chain load (kN) Contact length of panel face (m) Maximum bending moment (kNm) Moment at R (kNm) b LC F R µR D O U B L E I M PA C T This case can often arise with belted vessels. a = (F2 . the weak link will fail first and prevent damage to other components such as chain brackets. anchors and fender panels that might be much more costly to repair or replace.(a+b)) a R1 L M1 = F1 . other loads and worst case bending moments may be calculated as follows:- φ2 R1 + R2 = F1 + F2 R1 = f(␦F1) R2 = f(␦F2) F1 = F2 = (R1. (a+b))–R1 . If set at larger angles. SWL Static angle of chain (degrees) Static offset between brackets (m) Bearing length of chain (m) Dynamic offset between brackets at ␦F (m) Fender compression (m) Dynamic angle of chain (degrees) Safe Working Load of chain (tonne) Friction coefficient of face pad material 0. or it will go slack and be ineffective. the brackets should be oriented in the correct plane. b where. R The initial (static) angle of the chain is important. F1 φ1 This can be achieved by specifying shackles that are the same diameter and grade as the chains. cos2 MBL = FS. then a larger diameter shackle is required. Assuming basic dimensions and rubber fender unit characteristics are know. a = F . b a RESTRAINT CHAINS n x T Weight and shear chains are used to resist large vertical and horizontal forces. Safety factors of between 2~3 are typical. chain tension. the arc the chain transcribes H1 during fender compression will either allow excessive shear.c) L (R1. factors above these are sometimes applied. A9 DIN 53516 BS 903. 1000 revolutions No cracking visible by eye Hardness ±10° (Max) Shore A Volume +10/-5% (Max) 0.2. ISO 37.A6.24.FRICTION COEFFICIENTS/HULL PRESSURES FRICTION COEFFICIENTS Friction coefficients have a large influence on the size of shear chains.10~0.2.A2.00 0.5cc (Max) 100mm3 (Max) OTHER FENDER TYPES The above calculations and table apply to berths fitted with fender panel systems. BS 903. Test Piece A DIN 53507 Ozone Resistance W2 Seawater Resistance DIN 86076. P = ⌺R = W2 = H2 = PP = Tear Resistance ASTM D624. Typical friction coefficients for different materials are given below:Material UHMW-PE to Steel (wet) UHMW-PE to Steel (dry) HD-PE to Steel Rubber to Steel Timber to Steel Friction Coefficient () ≤0.15. other rubber compounds in Butyl.A6. ISO 37. AS 1180.50~1. ISO 34. ISO 815. EPDM. The above values are for tests carried out under strict laboratory conditions using specimens taken from batches of unvulcanised rubber compound. AS 1683. despite the fact that these fenders exert higher hull pressures. In addition to NR and SBR. 86 87 RUBBER PROPERTIES . The best guide to hull pressures is experience of similar installations.A43. JIS K6301 Item 10 DIN 53517 where. AS 1180. ISO 143/1 Aged for 168 hours at 70˚C Aged for 22 hours at 70˚C Aged for 24 hours at 70˚C Die B Compression Set Hull pressure (kN/m2) Combined reaction of all rubber fenders (kN) Panel width excluding lead-in chamfers (m) Panel height excluding lead-in chamfers (m) Permissible hull pressure (kN/m2) 1ppm at 20% strain at 40°C for 100 hours 28 days in artificial seawater at 95˚C ±2˚C Method B. many berths have used Cylindrical and Arch fenders successfully and without ship damage.A2. JIS K6301 Item 3.12. AS 1683. and Polyurethane are available on request for specialist applications. BS 903. JIS K6301 Item 5A Tester Hull pressures are calculated using the nett panel area (excluding lead-in chamfers) as follows:⌺R Ͻ ϪPP W2.50 RUBBER PROPERTIES Fentek rubber fender components are manufactured from the highest quality Natural Rubber (NR). DIN 53509. Please consult Fentek for further details.A3. BS 903. optionally Styrene Butadiene SBR based compounds which meet or exceed the performance requirements of European Union specification EAU-E 62 “Acceptance Requirements for Fender Elastomers”. typically:Arch Fenders: Cylindrical Fenders: 760~1300kN/m2 460~780kN/m2 Abrasion Resistance Bond Strength Steel to Rubber BS 903. BS 903. JIS K6301 Item 3. Dumbell 3 Elongation at Break DIN 53504 H1 H2 Hardness ASTM D2240.25 0. BS 903.10 0. Typical specifications are listed in the table below. AS 1683. Dumbell 3 Condition Original Aged for 96 hours at 70˚C Original Aged for 168 hours at 70˚C Original Aged for 96 hours at 70˚C Original Aged for 168 hours at 70˚C Original Aged for 96 Hours at 70˚C Original Requirement 16MPa (Min) 12. H2 DIN 53505 P= ASTM D395. ISO 815. Where this information is unavailable. However. JIS K6301 Item 9. It is recommended that low friction materials such as UHMW-PE are used to face fender panels which will reduce shear forces applied to the berth structure.A21 Method B 7N/mm (Min) Also bear in mind that when cylindrical fenders are used with large chain or bar fixings through the central bore.30~0. AS 1683.8MPa (Min) 15N/mm2 (Min) 12. BS 903. Property Testing Standard ASTM D412 Die C. ULCC & VLCC Tankers Product & Chemical Tankers Bulk Carriers Post-Panamax Container Ships Panamax Container Ships Sub-Panamax Container Ships General Cargo (un-belted) Gas Carriers 150~250 kN/m2 250~350 kN/m2 300~400 kN/m2 150~250 kN/m2 200~300 kN/m2 300~400 kN/m2 400~500 kN/m2 300~600 kN/m2 100~200 kN/m2 W1 Tensile Strength DIN 53504 ASTM D412 Die C. these may locally increase hull pressures to approximately double the above figures.20~0. Again there is no evidence to show that this causes hull damage.13B.2. Section 7.15 0.7 ASTM D1149.75N/mm2 (Min) 400% (Min) 320% (Min) 300% (Min) 280% (Min) 78° (Max) Shore A Original Value + 6° points increase 75° (Max) Shore A Original Value + 5° points increase 30% (Max) 40% (Max) 70kN/m (Min) 80 N/cm (Min) HULL PRESSURES Permissible hull pressures vary greatly with the class and size of ship. then the following table may be used as an approximate guide for design (refer to Ship Tables on pages 70-72 for vessel sizes).1. Where Super Cone and Unit Element fenders are required for "load sensitive" structures. Only units which satisfy the specifications shall be passed for shipment.5mm ±4. third party witnessing and temperature conditioning costs are borne by the purchaser. it will take manufacturers some time to phase in the new protocol.pianc-aipcn. Energy & Deflection Reaction. Super Cone and AN/ANP Arch fenders are tested singly. Reaction force is not recorded for precompression testing. as well as copies of type approval certificates. with the option of third party witnessing. temperatures. Fenders shall be tested under direct (vertical) compression.PERFORMANCE TESTING PERFORMANCE TESTING Moulded1 and wrapped cylindrical2 fenders are routinely tested as a part of Fentek’s commitment to quality. 2 Excluding tug cylindrical fenders. It also introduces a new "Procedure to Determine and Report the Performance of Marine Fenders" in Appendix A. Test temperature shall be 23°C ±5°C4. AN & ANP Cylindricals (Wrapped ) Cylindricals (Extruded) Extruded Fenders Reaction. ix) Sampling shall be 1 in 10 fenders (rounded up to a unit) x) If any sample does not satisfy the specifications.1 (pages 85~87) 4 Where ambient temperature is outside of this range.2mm ±0. All testing is conducted in-house. to define the effects on performance of different deflection rates. To order a copy of the PIANC WG33 Report or to join the PIANC organisation. Additional testing frequency. UE. This new test protocol requires manufacturers to undergo a series of type approval tests for each significant fender type they make. PIANC Working Group 33 of the Maritime Navigation Commission published its report on "Guidelines for the Design of Fender Systems : 2002" which has been widely welcomed and adopted by fender designers and specifiers. Please contact Fentek for further details and timescale. 8 Standard PIANC testing is included within the fender price. berthing frequencies and compression angles. Due to its complexity. viii) The average performance from the second and third compression cycles shall be less than the permitted6 maximum reaction and more than the permitted6 minimum energy absorption. sampling of the remainder shall be increased to 1 in 5 fenders (rounded up to a unit). please visit www. 3 PIANC – Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses Report of the International Commission for Improving the Design of Fender Systems Supplement to Bulletin No 45 (1984) – Annex 4. Compression speed shall be 2~8 cm/min. vii) The result of the first compression cycle shall not be recorded. smaller tolerances may be agreed on a case by case basis. Please consult Fentek for performance tolerance on fender types not listed above. Manufacturing Tolerances Moulded Fenders All dimensions Bolt hole spacing Cross-section Length Drilled hole centres Counterbore depth Cross-section Length Fixing hole centres Fixing hole diameter Outside diameter Inside diameter Length Cross-section Length Drilled hole centres Counterbore depth Cross-section Length Drilled hole centres Counterbore depth Length & width & width Thickness: ≤ 30mm (Planed) 31~100mm ≥ 101mm Thickness: ≥ 30mm (Unplaned) 31~100mm ≥ 101mm Drilled hole centres Counterbore depth ±3% or ±2mm1 ±2mm ±3% or ±2mm1 ±2% or ±25mm1 ±4mm (non-cumulative) ±2mm (under head depth) ±2% or ±2mm1 ±2% or ±10mm1 ±3mm ±3mm ±4% ±4% -0/+40mm ±4% -0/+40mm ±4mm (non-cumulative) ±2mm (under head depth) ±4% or ±1mm (planed) ±10mm ±2mm (non-cumulative) ±2mm (under head depth) ±5mm (cut pads) ±20mm (uncut sheets) ±0. it is suggested that fender testing frequency be increased8 in accordance with the following tables:i) ii) iii) iv) v) TOLERANCES All Fentek fenders are subject to standard manufacturing and performance tolerances. All values are measured at 18°C and subject to thermal expansion coefficients (see material properties).org. Unit Elements and AN/ANP Arch fenders. Reaction force5 shall be recorded at intervals to at least a deflection at which the permitted6 minimum energy absorption is achieved. using full size fenders in accordance with the PIANC3 guidelines below. Cube & M-Fenders 1 2 3 Whichever is the greater dimension. Energy & Deflection Reaction. calculated using Simpson’s Rule. 5 Reaction force (and corresponding calculated energy absorption) shall be the exact recorded value and not corrected or otherwise adjusted for speed correction unless required by the project specifications. excluding non-compliant units. UHMW-PE Face Pads2 Performance Tolerances 3 SCN.0mm ±6. Energy & Deflection Reaction & Energy Deflection Reaction & Energy Deflection Reaction & Deflection ±10% (E1. Energy & Deflection Reaction. In addition. all remaining samples shall be tested. For specific applications. vi) Energy absorption5 shall be determined as the integral of reaction and deflection. the protocol suggests more stringent and frequent quality control testing. fenders shall be normalised to this temperature range in a conditioning room for an appropriate period (dependent upon fender size) or performance values may be corrected according to temperature correction factor tables. Pneumatic Fenders Foam Fenders Block. xii) Non-compliant units shall be clearly marked and isolated. 6 Permitted values for reaction and energy are catalogue values and applicable manufacturing tolerances. xi) If any further sample does not satisfy the specifications. 9 Pre-compression testing involves a single "run in" cycle up to catalogue rated deflection.5mm ±2. All fender units shall be given a unique serial number which can be traced back to manufacturing and testing records. 88 89 TOLERANCES .3mm ±0. E2 & E3) ±10% ±20% ±20% ±10% ±5% ±15% ±5% ±10% CHANGES TO FENDER TESTING In April 2002. 7 The deflection at which minimum energy permitted energy absorption is achieved may differ from the nominal "rated" deflection indicated in the catalogue for the relevant fender type.0mm ±2mm (non-cumulative) ±2mm (under head depth) Composite Fenders Block Fenders Cube Fenders M Fenders Cylindricals Fenders PERFORMANCE TESTING Fender Height H ≤ 900mm 900mm < H ≤ 1300mm H > 1300mm Pre-Compression9 20~25% of units 100% of units N/A PIANC Testing 10% of units 20~30% of units 100% of units Extruded Fenders HD-PE Sliding Fenders2 1 Moulded fenders include Super Cones. Unit Element fenders are tested in pairs. 5144 km/h 3. . ..6093 1.(m) Hull Pressure (P)................... . .... ........6093 1.7031 1 4... . ..... .. ....... Reference should be made to EN 10 025 : 1993 for more specific properties.. .......... . .. . ........ .... .....(m) Length Between Perps (LBP)..... .. .....102 0................. . ... .4470 0. .... .. ...... .... .. .. . .. .. .. . .... 91 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS USEFUL INFORMATION . .... ................... . ...... . .. . .. . .(t/m2) 1 ft/s = 2 1 ft = 2 1 yd = 2 B E R T H D E TA I L S ❑ CLOSED STRUCTURE S T E E L E Q U I VA L E N T S TA B L E S A comparison between former national steel designations.102 1..... .... ....6877 mph 2......kip = 1 kNm (kJ) 1 9..... .. .......... . ............. .8828 kip/ft2 2...... .......... ............ ..... .... ......... .......... . . ............. .8518 ft/s 3...............4536 453.... .. ....... ...1508 nm 0........... .... . ...... .. .. .........(t) Length Overall (LOA)............ .. ... ........ .... ..... . .. . . (kN) Quay Level ........ ..... . ... . ............ ..... ... .. ..... ..... .. ... ....237 0... .... ... .. . .........3048 0. ........... . .... ............ ..... ... . ..... Length of Berth ....... . .... ............ ..... ..... ..144 0. .(m) Draft (D) ....... .... ...2248 kipf 1 kipf = 4.............. . . .............. .. . .. . .. ... ....... ....(m) Beam (B) . .... .. .06243 lb/ft3 1 lb/ft3 = 16........ ...... ....... .. .....(t) Displacement ...281 1 AREA 1 m2 = 1 in = 2 m2 1 0... ...........(m) Draft (D).. . .. ... . ... ..... ............ ..... ... .. ... ... ... .. .. .. . . Deadweight ... . .... . .5400 0. ...... .4667 1.... ... . ..... .. .... . ......5400 0......... ..... ......... . ...... ..... ............ .. .... ...... .. (m) Fender/Dolphin Spacing ..... .... ... .. .... .... ..... . ..... ... .807 0. ......... .... .(t) Length Overall (LOA) ... .. ... .. ... .... .... ......... .................... . ...... ..807 1..... ... ..........6 tonne 0...... ...... . . ....4223 6...... ... ..... ... .... ..... . Tidal Range ........ (m) Cope Thickness ...................... . .. ...... .... ..... . ..... . .. ... ..... .. . ..1507 knot 1...... .2778 0... . ......... .. ................. .(t/m_) PRESSURE 1 bar = 1 MPa = 1 lb/in = 2 bar 1 10 0.(m) Length Between Perps (LBP) .. . .. ....... . . ..... ...... ... .. . .......... ..... . ......... ... .................. . .. . ..... ...... ............ ..... ..... ........3048 ft/s2 32... .... ......9144 in 39...... .. .. . ........2046 0.(m) Beam (B). .......... .... .. .... . ... ............ . . ..6214 0... . .... .... .. m Mean Sea Level (MSL) ...... ... .........4536 lb 2...... ... ........ . ... ..9444 t/m2 0.. ..... .0185 kg/m3 S H I P D E TA I L S F D MASS 1 kg = 1 tonne = 1 lb = 1 kip = kg 1 1000 0.. ........ ... ... ... .....................000453 0. . .. .. . ........ ............... .. ........ ...089 20... (m) 90 Information is provided for guidance only.......... . .. ..... .. ....... .000645 0...807 1 0. ...3048 0..356 LBP LOA Largest Vessel.. .. .8690 1 m 1 0.. ..... . . .. ......... .... ..(m) Freeboard (F)...... .. .... .... .... m Highest Astronomic Tide (HAT) . .006897 0. .(m) 1 t/m = 2 1 kip/ft2 = ACCELERATION 1g= 1 m/s = 2 g 1 0..... . ..... . .. ... .. ...5 145 1 1. .. ......... ........ ....281 0.. .. .. ......... . ......6214 1 1... ...... ... .... ....... .... . .......... ....8361 in2 1550 1 144 1296 Freeboard (F) ..... .. . .... . m Mean High Water Spring (MHWS) .4787 MPa 0.....8690 1 DENSITY 1 kg/m3 = 0. ...2048 1 FORCE 1 kN = 0. Vessel Type . . .... .. . . .. . . (m) NS 12 153 NS 12 153 NS 12 153 St 52-3 U St 52-3 N E 24-3 E 24-4 E 24-4 E 28-1 E 28-2 E 28-3 E28-4 E28-4 E 36-1 E 36-2 E 36-3 E 36-4 E 36-4 40 A 40 B 40 C 40 D 40 D 43 A 43 B 43 C 43 D 43 D 50 A 50 B 50 C 50 D 50 D 50 DD 50 DD AE 235 B-FU AE 235 B-FN AE 235 C AE 235 D AE 235 D AE 275 A AE 275 B AE 275 C AE 275 D AE 275 D AE 355 A AE 355 B AE 355 C AE 355 D AE 355 D NS 12 120 NS 12 122 NS 12 123 NS 12 124 NS 12 124 NS 12 124 NS 12 142 NS 12 143 NS 12 143 NS 12 143 Tide Levels .. ... ......... .. ... ... . m Lowest Astronomic Tide (LAT) ..0929 0...... ..0010 1 ENERGY 1 kNm (kJ) = 1 tonne-m = 1 ft.. . .. ..... . ... . .. ..... ... .. . . ... ..... .(t) Displacement.. . . .. ....17 3. ...... .. .... ... ......(m) Hull Pressure (P).. . .O T H E R U S E F U L I N F O R M AT I O N C O N V E R S I O N TA B L E S PROJECT REQUIREMENTS PORT LENGTH 1m= 1 in = 1 ft = 1 yd = FENTEK REF: ❑ PROJECT STATUS ❑ PRELIMINARY ❑ DETAIL DESIGN ❑ TENDER D I S TA N C E 1 km = 1 mile = 1 nm = km 1 1.... . . ... ................ ..... ........0010 1 0.....9807 1 lb/in2 14. ...944 0...205 2205 1 1000 kip 0....... ... m Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS) .... . ......6818 1 1... .. .. ............ .... .. .372 1 12 36 PROJECT CONSULTANT CONTRACTOR VELOCITY 1 m/s = 1 km/h = 1 ft/s = 1 mph = 1 knot = m/s 1 0. . ........ ... . . ........600 1 1.449 kN Deadweight.89 0... ..........0311 m/s2 9.. ....... ..... Vessel Type . ..0972 1... .........019 0. .9114 1 1...... ...... . .... .......... .. . .. ..............06897 9... . m 14 12-00 14 14-00 14-14-01 Seabed Level ..... . .. .........8519 mile 0... ... ... (m) Permitted Fender Reaction. ..... .... ..... . now superseded by EN 10 025 EN 10 025:1993 S 185 S 235 S 235JR S 235JRG1 S 235JRG2 S 235JO S235JOG3 S235JOG4 S 275 S 275JR S 275JO S 275J2G3 S 275J2G4 S 355 S 355JR S 355JO S 355J2G3 S 355J2G4 S 355K2G3 S 355K2G4 Formerly Yield (N/mm2) Fe 310-0 185 Fe 360 A 235 Fe 360 B 235 Fe 360 B(FU) 235 Fe 360 B(FN) 235 Fe 360 C 235 Fe 360 D1 235 Fe 360 D2 235 Fe 430 A 275 Fe 430 B 275 Fe 430 C 275 Fe 430 D1 275 Fe 430 D2 275 Fe 510 A 355 Fe 510 B 355 Fe 510 C 355 Fe 510 D1 355 Fe 510 D2 355 Fe 510 DD1 355 Fe 510 DD2 355 Temp (°C) — — +20 +20 +20 0 -20 -20 — +20 +0 -20 -20 — +20 0 -20 -20 -20 -20 Germany St 33 St 37-1 St 37-2 USt 37-2 RSt 37-2 ST 37-3 U ST 37-3 N St 44-1 St 44-2 St 44-3 U St 44-3 N France A 33 E 24-1 E 24-2 UK Spain A 310-0 Italy Fe 320 Fe 360 A Fe 360 B Belgium A 320 AE 235-A AE 235-B Sweden 13 00-00 13 11-00 13 12-00 Fe 360 C Fe 360 D Fe 360 D Fe 430 A Fe 430 B Fe 430 C Fe 430 D Fe 430 D Fe 510 A Fe 510 B Fe 510 C Fe 510 D Fe 510 D AE 235-C AE 235-D AE 235-D AE 255-A AE 255-B AE 255-C AE 255-D AE 255-D AE 355-A AE 355-B AE 355-C AE 355-D AE 355-D AE 355-DD AE 355-DD Fe 360-C Fe 360-D Fe 360-D Fe 430-A Fe 430-B Fe 430-C Fe 430-D Fe 430-D Fe 510-A Fe 510-B Fe 510-C Fe 510-D Fe 510-D Fe 510-DD Fe 510-DD Portugal Fe 310-0 Fe 360-A Fe 360-B Norway ❑ SEMI-OPEN ❑ OPEN STRUCTURE ❑ OTHER (PLEASE DESCRIBE) Structure .. ...025 0. . . .. . . ....... .. ..1 1 0...... . .... .. ........ ... ...... .. . B Smallest Vessel... .. ... . . . .. ........... ... . . ..002205 2. ....... ... . ......5925 0.... . . . .. . . .U. . . Brolsma et al 9.. . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. This catalogue supersedes the information provided in all previous editions. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Position . . . . . . ... . . . Port Design – Guidelines and Recommendations Carl A. . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . exposed ❑ d) Good berthing.45 (1984) PIANC 4. . .. . . . . .. . . Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures EAU 1990 (ISBN 3-433-01237-7) 3. . . . .. . . .. . . . . sheltered ❑ b) Difficult berthing. The Berthing Ship F. . . .. . . . . . . Japan No.. . we reserve the right to make specification changes without prior notice.. . . .. . . . material properties and performance values quoted are subject to normal production tolerances. . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . copied or distributed to third parties without the prior consent of Fentek in each case. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .Royal Institute of Naval Architects 11. . The responsibility or liability for errors and omissions cannot be accepted for whatever reason. . ...... . . . . Fax .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . On Fender Design and Berthing Velocities – 24th PIANC Congress J. . . . . . .. .. . .. . Email... .. . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . .95 (1997) PIANC (ISBN 2-87223-087-4) 7. .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . Maritime Works Recommendations . . . Report of the International Commission for Improving the Design of Fender Systems Supplement to Bulletin No. . . .. . . . .. . . In the interests of improving the quality and performance of Fentek products and systems. . . .. . . . . . . . . . Tel .. . . . ... Arch Henderson & Partners Caledonian MacBrayne Ferries Maik Ebel Photography J. . . (m/s) Berthing Angle. . . . . ... . . . please check with Fentek. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Position .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .PROJECT REQUIREMENTS BERTHING MODE BERTHING APPROACH Approach Conditions S O U R C E S O F F U R T H E R I N F O R M AT I O N 1. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . .. . Company . . . . . Sept 1998 (ISSN 0454-4668) 6. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . Significant Ships .. . . ... . ... . .. . . . .... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . ❑ a) Easy berthing. .2-90 (ISBN 84-7433-721-6). . . .. . All dimensions... . . Fentek® is a Registered Trade Mark of Fentek Marine Systems GmbH F U R T H E R I N F O R M AT I O N I S A V A I L A B L E F R O M Name .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. exposed Largest Ship Berthing Speed . .Actions in the Design of Maritime and Harbour Works ROM 0. . ... . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . Vasco Costa 10.. . Thoresen (ISBN 82-519-0839-6) 8. . Safety Factor on Energy . . . . . . .. . . . . . PIANC WG33 Guidelines for the Design of Fenders : 2002 (ISBN 2-87223-125-0) ❑ Side Berthing ❑ Dolphin Berthing ❑ End Berthing ❑ Dolphin Berthing ❑ Lock or Dock Entrance ❑ Ship-to-Ship Berthing ❑ Other Berthing Mode . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . 5.. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . 911... .. . Fax . .. .. . . . . . Acknowledgements Fentek gratefully acknowledges the cooperation and assistance provided by many individuals and companies in the preparation of this catalogue and associated publications. .. . . . . . (deg) . . .. . . Company .. Name . .. . . (m/s) Berthing Angle.. . . . . . ... . . . .. . (deg) Safety Factor on Energy . . . . Customers are advised to request a detailed specification and certified drawing from Fentek prior to construction and manufacture..... . . exposed ❑ e) Difficult berthing. . . 92 Email. .. . ... . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . © 2001 Fentek Marine Systems GmbH This catalogue is the copyright of Fentek Marine Systems GmbH and may not be reproduced. .. Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems BS 6349 : Part 4 : 1994 (ISBN 0-580-22653-0) 2. . . .. Approach Channels – A Guide to Design Supplement to Bulletin No.. Tel . . . . . . . ... . . .. . Gaston Photography P&O Nedlloyd Stena Line Ltd our many Agents & Distributors O T H E R I N F O R M AT I O N Disclaimer Fentek has made every effort to ensure that the technical specifications and product descriptions in this catalogue are correct. . . . . . . . . .. . . If in doubt. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . Ministry of Transport.. .... . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 . . Ship Dimensions of Design Ship under Given Confidence Limits Technical Note of the Port and Harbour Research Institute. . . . . sheltered ❑ c) Easy berthing. .. Smallest Ship Berthing Speed . .. . . . . . . . . . ..