Excel Formulas with examples

March 29, 2018 | Author: Ashish Saxena | Category: Microsoft Excel, Electronvolt, Test (Assessment), Gallon, Value Added Tax
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Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 B C D E FSplit ForenameSurname Page 1 of 139 G H Split Forename and Surname The following formula are useful when you have one cell containing text which needs to be split up. One of the most common examples of this is when a persons Forename and Surname are entered in full into a cell. The formula use various text functions to accomplish the task. Each of the techniques uses the space between the names to identify where to split. Finding the First Name Full Name Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams First Name Alan Bob Carol Jones =LEFT(C14,FIND(" ",C14,1)) =LEFT(C15,FIND(" ",C15,1)) =LEFT(C16,FIND(" ",C16,1)) Finding the Last Name Full Name Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams Last Name Jones Smith Williams =RIGHT(C22,LEN(C22)-FIND(" ",C22)) =RIGHT(C23,LEN(C23)-FIND(" ",C23)) =RIGHT(C24,LEN(C24)-FIND(" ",C24)) Finding the Last name when a Middle name is present The formula above cannot handle any more than two names. If there is also a middle name, the last name formula will be incorrect. To solve the problem you have to use a much longer calculation. Full Name Alan David Jones Bob John Smith Carol Susan Williams Last Name Jones Smith Williams =RIGHT(C37,LEN(C37)-FIND("#",SUBSTITUTE(C37," ","#",LEN(C37)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(C37," ",""))))) Finding the Middle name Full Name Alan David Jones Bob John Smith Carol Susan Williams Middle Name David John Susan =LEFT(RIGHT(C45,LEN(C45)-FIND(" ",C45,1)),FIND(" ",RIGHT(C45,LEN(C45)-FIND(" ",C45,1)),1)) Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 C D E F G H I Percentages Page 2 of 140 J Percentages There are no specific functions for calculating percentages. You have to use the skills you were taught in your maths class at school! Finding a percentage of a value Initial value % to find Percentage value 120 25% 30 =D8*D9 Example 1 A company is about to give its staff a pay rise. The wages department need to calculate the increases. Staff on different grades get different pay rises. Grade A B C Name Alan Bob Carol David Elaine Frank % Rise 10% 15% 20% Grade A B C B C A Old Salary Increase 10,000 1,000 20,000 3,000 30,000 6,000 25,000 3,750 32,000 6,400 12,000 1,200 =E23*LOOKUP(D23,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) =E24*LOOKUP(D24,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) =E25*LOOKUP(D25,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) =E26*LOOKUP(D26,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) =E27*LOOKUP(D27,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) =E28*LOOKUP(D28,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20) Finding a percentage increase Initial value % increase Increased value 120 25% 150 =D33*D34+D33 Example 2 A company is about to give its staff a pay rise. The wages department need to calculate the new salary including the % increase. Staff on different grades get different pay rises. Grade A B C Name Alan Bob Carol David Elaine % Rise 10% 15% 20% Grade A B C B C Old Salary Increase £ 10,000 11,000 £ 20,000 23,000 £ 30,000 36,000 £ 25,000 28,750 £ 32,000 38,400 =E48*LOOKUP(D48,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E48 =E49*LOOKUP(D49,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E49 =E50*LOOKUP(D50,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E50 =E51*LOOKUP(D51,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E51 =E52*LOOKUP(D52,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E52 Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A B 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 C Frank D A E 12,000 Percentages Page 3 of 140 F G H I 13,200 =E53*LOOKUP(D53,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E53 J £ Finding one value as percentage of another Value A Value B A as % of B 120 60 50% =D59/D58 You will need to format the result as % by using the % button on the toolbar. Example 3 A manager has been asked to submit budget requirements for next year. The manger needs to specify what will be required each quarter. The manager knows what has been spent by each region in the previous year. By analysing the past years spending, the manager hopes to predict what will need to be spent in the next year. Last years figures Region Q1 Q2 North 9,000 South 7,000 East 2,000 West 8,000 Total 26,000 Q3 2,000 4,000 8,000 9,000 23,000 9,000 9,000 7,000 6,000 31,000 Q4 7,000 5,000 3,000 5,000 20,000 Total 100,000 Last years Quarters as % of last years Total Region Q1 Q2 North 9% 2% South 7% 4% East 2% 8% West 8% 9% Total 26% 23% Next years budget 150,000 Next years estimated budget requirements Region Q1 Q2 North 13,500 3,000 South 10,500 6,000 East 3,000 12,000 West 12,000 13,500 Total 39,000 34,500 Q3 9% 9% 7% 6% 31% Q4 7% 5% 3% 5% 20% =G74/$H$78 =G75/$H$78 =G76/$H$78 =G77/$H$78 =G78/$H$78 Q3 13,500 13,500 10,500 9,000 46,500 Q4 10,500 7,500 4,500 7,500 30,000 =G82*$E$88 =G83*$E$88 =G84*$E$88 Total 150,000 Finding an original value after an increase has been applied Increased value % increase Original value Example 4 150 25% 120 =D100/(100%+D101) Unfortunately the receipts held by the employee only show the total amount.00 8.00 200.50% Total Actual Value Vat Value 10. The employee needs to split this total to show the original value and the VAT amount.2000 Peter Noneley A B 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 C D E F G H I An employ has to submit an expenses claim for travelling and accommodation.50 100.00 17. The claim needs to show the VAT tax portion of each receipt.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .49 235.00 35. VAT rate Receipt Petrol Hotel Petrol 17.50 =D115/(100%+$D$110) Percentages Page 4 of 140 J =D113-D113/(100%+$D$110) .51 1.00 117. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .) Press the same combination to see the original view. 10 30 50 70 20 40 60 80 30 70 60 30 . The ' is the left single quote usually found on the key to left of number 1. Press Ctrl and ` to see the formula below.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 B C D E F G Show all formula Page 5 of 139 H Show all formula You can view all the formula on the worksheet by pressing Ctrl and `. (The screen may look a bit odd. . Options. Try this example: Go to cell C16 and then enter the formula =SUM(jan) The result will show. This formula can be copied to D16 and E16. and the names change to Feb and Mar.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Jan 45 30 35 20 Feb 50 25 10 50 Mar 50 35 50 5 North South East West Total If it does not work ! The feature may have been switched off on your computer.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B C D E F G SUM_using_names Page 6 of 139 H SUM using names You can use the names typed at the top of columns or side of rows in calculations simply by typing the name into the formula. Accept Labels in Formula. You can switch it on by using Tools. Calculation. 60 50 40 Jan 30 Feb Mar 20 10 0 North South East West . Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 B C D E F G H Instant Charts Page 8 of 139 Instant Charts You can create a chart quickly without having to use the chart button on the toolbar by pressing the function key F11 while inside a range of data. Jan 45 30 35 20 Feb 50 25 10 50 Mar 50 35 50 5 North South East West Click anywhere inside the table above. Then press F11. Mathematically speaking the * and / are more important than + and . (also known as 'braces'). in formula.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 ..2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 B C D E F G Brackets in formula Page 9 of 139 H Brackets in formula Sometimes you will need to use brackets. This is to ensure that the calculations are performed in the order that you need.. The * and / operations will be calculated before + and . resulting in 30 Then the 30 is multipled by 2 resulting in 60 . The need for brackets occurs when you mix plus or minus with divide or multiply. 10 20 2 60 =(C27+C28)*C29 By placing brackets around (10+20) Excel performs this part of the calulation first. Example 1 : The wrong answer ! 10 20 2 50 =C12+C13*C14 You may expect that 10 + 20 would equal 30 And then 30 * 2 would equal 60 But because the * is calculated first Excel sees the calculation as 20 * 2 resulting in 40 And then 10 + 40 resulting in 50 Example 2 : The correct answer. 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 B C D E F G Age Calculation Page 10 of 139 H Age Calculation You can calculate a persons age based on their birthday and todays date. Age is 53 Years.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . which creates a text version.TODAY().5 represents 6 months."y") =DATEDIF(C8.5.25 . If the age is 20. 7 or 97.20 =(TODAY()-C23)/365.TODAY(). 2 Months and 12 Days ="Age is "&DATEDIF(C8."ym")&" Months and "&DATEDIF(C8."md")&" Days" Another way to calculate age This method gives you an age which may potentially have decimal places representing the months.TODAY(). Birth date : Age is : 1-Jan-60 53. The DATEDIF() is not documented in Excel 5.TODAY(). (Makes you wonder what else Microsoft forgot to tell us!) Birth date : Years lived : and the months : and the days : 1-Jan-60 53 2 12 =DATEDIF(C8. "&DATEDIF(C8."md") You can put this all together in one calculation.TODAY().TODAY()."y")&" Years. the . but it is in 2000."ym") =DATEDIF(C8. The calculation uses the DATEDIF() function. column or all cells and then press Alt and =. Jan 10 20 30 40 Feb 50 60 70 80 Mar 90 100 200 300 Total North South East West Total .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 B C D E F G AutoSum Shortcut Key Page 11 of 139 H AutoSum Shortcut Key Instead of using the AutoSum button from the toolbar.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . or Select a row. then press Alt and =. Try it here : Move to a blank cell in the Total row or column. you can press Alt and = to achieve the same result. the measurement needs to be expressed as an absolute value. which has a knock on effect when the Error Percentage is calculated.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .25 =ABS(C4) =ABS(C5) =ABS(C6) =ABS(C7) What Does it Do ? This function calculates the value of a number.25 Absolute Value 10 10 1. The Difference for Test 3 is shown as negative. irrespective of whether it is positive or negative. Table 1 Test Cut Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Required Length 120 120 120 Actual Length 120 90 150 Difference 0 30 -30 =D36-E36 Error Percentage 0% 25% -25% Table 2 shows the same data but using the =ABS() function to correct the calculations. the percentage should still be expressed as an absolute value. In calculating the difference between the Required Length and the Actual Length it does not matter if the wood was cut too long or short. no special formatting is needed. Table 2 Test Cut Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Required Length 120 120 120 Actual Length 120 90 150 Error Percentage 0 0% 30 25% 30 25% =ABS(D45-E45) Difference . Table 1 shows the original calculations.25 1. Three pieces of timber were cut and then measured. Syntax =ABS(CellAddress or Number) Formatting The result will be shown as a number.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 B C D E F G ABS Page 12 of 139 H ABS Number 10 -10 1. Whether the wood was too long or short. The machine needs to cut timber to an exact length. Example The following table was used by a company testing a machine which cuts timber.25 -1. F3.FALSE) =ADDRESS(F4.F3. only the row absolute. A$1.F3.A1orR1C1.Absolute.TRUE.3.FALSE) =ADDRESS(F4.2. The SheetName does not actually have to exist. neither col or row absolute.2.TRUE) =ADDRESS(F4.F5) =ADDRESS(F4.1.F3. column and row absolute.3 or 4. A1. The Absolute can be 1.F3.F5) =ADDRESS(F4.4.F3. .TRUE) =ADDRESS(F4.TRUE.2.F3.1.ColNumber.TRUE.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B C D E F G H ADDRESS Page 13 of 139 I ADDRESS Type a column number : Type a row number : Type a sheet name : $B$3 B$3 $B3 B3 R3C2 R3C[2] R[3]C2 R[3]C[2] Hello!$B$3 Hello!B$3 Hello!$B3 Hello!B3 2 3 Hello =ADDRESS(F4.4.F3.F5) What Does It Do ? This function creates a cell reference as a piece of text. Syntax =ADDRESS(RowNumber.F3. cols A to IV. based on a row and column numbers given by the user. The ColNumber is from 1 to 256. When TRUE the reference will be in the form A1.F3.TRUE) =ADDRESS(F4.F5) =ADDRESS(F4. only the column absolute.TRUE. the normal style for cell addresses.FALSE) =ADDRESS(F4. This type of function is used in macros rather than on the actual worksheet.4.FALSE) =ADDRESS(F4.F3. The A1orR1C1 is either TRUE of FALSE.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .F3.1.TRUE) =ADDRESS(F4.2.3. The SheetName is a piece of text to be used as the worksheet name in the reference. When FALSE the reference will be in the form R1C1.3. the alternative style of cell address.SheetName) The RowNumber is the normal row number from 1 to 16384. $A1. When 1 the reference will be in the form When 2 the reference will be in the form When 3 the reference will be in the form When 4 the reference will be in the form $A$1. Formatting When used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE. Example 1 The following example shows a list of examination results.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .Test2) Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests.D6>=100) =AND(D7>=1. Normally the AND() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().D5>=100) =AND(C6>=100. Syntax =AND(Test1. It can be used to test that a series of numbers meet certain conditions. Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Fred Gail Harry Ian Janice Maths 80 50 60 90 20 40 10 80 30 10 English 75 30 70 85 30 60 90 70 10 20 Physics 85 40 50 95 Absent 80 80 60 20 30 Passed TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE =AND(C38>=AVERAGE($C$29:$C$38).D4>=100) =AND(C5>=100.D7<=52) What Does It Do? This function tests two or more conditions to see if they are all true. The teacher wants to find the pupils who scored above average in all three exams. It can be used to test that a number or a date falls between an upper and lower limit.E38>=AVERAGE($E$29:$E$38)) Averages 47 54 60 . The result of TRUE is shown for pupils who have scored above average in all three exams. The =AND() function has been used to test that each score is above the average.D38>=AVERAGE($D$29:$D$38).2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 B C D E F G H AND Page 14 of 139 I AND Items To Test 500 800 500 25 25 500 12 Result TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE =AND(C4>=100. Range3.571 =SUM(D31:J31)/COUNTA(D31:J31) 0 Reading 0 4 6 3 1 2 =SUM(D32:J32)/COUNTA(D32:J32) Mon 30 0 Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Average 32 29 26 28 27 28. Note To calculate the average of cells which contain text or blanks use =SUM() to get the total and then divide by the count of the entries using =COUNTA().667 =AVERAGE(D8:J8) 0 4 6 3 1 2..Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 B C D E F G H I J K L M AVERAGE Page 15 of 139 N AVERAGE Temp Rain Mon 30 0 Mon 30 0 Tue 31 0 Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Average 32 29 26 28 27 29 =AVERAGE(D4:J4) 0 4 6 3 1 2 =AVERAGE(D5:J5) Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Average 32 29 26 28 27 28.667 =AVERAGE(D12:J12) Rain 0 Reading 0 4 6 3 1 2. the cell will not be used in the average calculation. Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Average 30 No 32 29 26 28 27 24..3333 =AVERAGE(D13:J13) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the average from a list of numbers.667 =SUM(D35:J35)/COUNTA(D35:J35) 0 4 6 3 1 2. If the cell contains zero 0. the cell will be included in the average calculation. Syntax =AVERAGE(Range1.3333 =SUM(D36:J36)/COUNTA(D36:J36) Temp Rain Temp Rain Further Usage . through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Range2. If the cell is blank or contains text.3333 =AVERAGE(D9:J9) Temp Rain Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Average Temp 30 No 32 29 26 28 27 28. When the customer supplies the number of days required in the property the =CEILING() function rounds it up by a multiple of 7 to calculate the number of full weeks to be billed.1) =CEILING(C7.7) =CEILING(D29.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 B C D E F G CEILING Page 16 of 139 H CEILING Number 2.1) =CEILING(C5.1 1.7) =CEILING(D30.33 8. Days To Be Billed 7 7 14 Days Required Customer 1 3 Customer 2 4 Customer 3 10 =CEILING(D28.7) Example 2 The following table was used by a builders merchant delivering products to a construction site.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Syntax =CEILING(ValueToRound. The properties being rented are only available on a weekly basis. This results of the division are not whole numbers.1) =CEILING(C6.5 1. Table 1 Item Bricks Wood Cement Units To Be Moved 1000 5000 2000 Truck Capacity 300 600 350 Trucks Needed 3.MultipleToRoundUpTo) The ValueToRound can be a cell address or a calculation. and the builder cannot hire just part of a truck. The merchant needs to hire trucks to move each product. Example 1 The following table was used by a estate agent renting holiday apartments.30) What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number up to the nearest multiple specified by the user.71 =D45/E45 =D46/E46 =D47/E47 . Table 1 calculates the number of trucks required by dividing the Units To Be Moved by the Capacity of the truck.33 5. Each product needs a particular type of truck of a fixed capacity. Formatting No special formatting is needed.30) =CEILING(C8.9 20 25 40 Raised Up 3 2 2 30 30 60 =CEILING(C4.30) =CEILING(C9. The cost of the item is calculated by dividing the Box Cost by the Box Quantity.99 =INT(E83)+CEILING(MOD(E83. and thus given the exact amount of trucks needed.99 .62000 5.25 £28.2000 Peter Noneley A 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 B C D E F G Table 2 shows how the =CEILING() function has been used to round up the result of the division to a whole number.81818 2. The shopkeeper always wants the price to end in 99 pence.10 £28 Cost Per Item Raised Cost 1. Table 1 Item Plugs Sockets Junctions Adapters Box Qnty 11 7 5 16 Box Cost £20 £18.81818 1.99 5.1) Example 3 The following tables were used by a shopkeeper to calculate the selling price of an item. Table 1 shows how just a normal division results in varying Item Costs.75000 1. The shopkeeper buys products by the box. Calculates the decimal part of the price.60714 5.99) Explanation =INT(E83) =MOD(E83.0.99 2.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Table 2 Item Plugs Sockets Junctions Adapters In Box 11 7 5 16 Box Cost £20 £18.25 £28.99) Calculates the integer part of the price.0.1).10 £28 Cost Per Item 1.60714 2. Table 2 Item Bricks Wood Cement Units To Be Moved 1000 5000 2000 Truck Capacity 300 600 350 Trucks Needed 4 9 6 CEILING Page 17 of 139 H =CEILING(D54/E54.99 1.1) =CEILING(MOD(E83). Raises the decimal to 0.75000 =D69/C69 =D70/C70 =D71/C71 =D72/C72 Table 2 shows how the =CEILING() function has been used to raise the Item Cost to always end in 99 pence.1) =CEILING(D55/E55.1) =CEILING(D56/E56.62000 1. ##0.##0. position and formatting. Numeric Format General 0 #. The row number. Nothing is shown for numeric entries. 0 for no. 0 for unlocked. v for value.00 $#.00_).50% $D$3 4 3 0. The alignment of the cell. 1 =CELL("protect". The filename containing the cell.##0) $#.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B C D E F G H CELL Page 18 of 140 I CELL This is the cell and contents to test.xls]CELL =CELL("filename".($#.D3) =CELL("contents".D3) 9 =CELL("prefix".D3) =CELL("type". ^ for centre.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Shown as ' for left.D3) What Does It Do ? This function examines a cell and displays information about the contents. 0 for no.00) 0% 0.00 #. The number format fo the cell. 0 =CELL("color".[Red]($#. d-mmm-yy or dd-mmm-yy d-mmm or dd-mmm mmm-yy mm/dd h:mm AM/PM h:mm:ss AM/PM h:mm h:mm:ss Code G F0 .##0) $#. Formatted for coloured negatives. l for text. \\vboxsrv\conversion_tmp\scratch_6\[134055427.##0. The type of cell protection.CellToTest) The TypeOfInfoRequired is a text entry which must be surrounded with quotes " ".##0 0.175 v =CELL("address". (See the table shown below) 17.0 F2 .00_).ms_office.D3) =CELL("format". Formatting No special formatting is needed.00% 0.xls. The cell address.D3) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Formatted for braces ( ) on positive values. 0 =CELL("parentheses". " for right.2 C0 C0C2 C2P0 P2 S2 G D4 D1 D2 D3 D5 D7 D6 D9 D8 Example .D3) 1 for a locked.00E+00 # ?/? or # ??/?? m/d/yy or m/d/yy h:mm or mm/dd/yy. The column number.D3) =CELL("row". Codes used to show the formatting of the cell. The actual contents of the cell. Shown as b for blank.D3) 1 for yes.##0. The width of the cell.[Red]($#.##0_).D3) 1 for yes.($#.##0_). Syntax =CELL("TypeOfInfoRequired".D3) 12 P2 =CELL("width".00) $#.##0. The type of entry in the cell.D3) =CELL("col". CELL("filename"))-1) CELL Page 19 of 140 G H I .FIND("]".CELL("filename"))+1.xls =MID(CELL("filename").xls.FIND("[".2000 Peter Noneley A 56 57 58 59 B C D E F The following example uses the =CELL() function as part of a formula which extracts the filename. The name of the current file is : 134055427.CELL("filename"))-FIND("[".ms_office.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . "Gold"."Silver".15%.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B C D E F G H I CHOOSE Page 20 of 139 J CHOOSE Index Value 1 3 2 3 1 2 Result Alan Carol Bob 18% 10% 15% =CHOOSE(C4."Gold"."Bob".15%."Gold"."Gold"."unplaced") 1 Gold =IF(D32<=3.CHOOSE(D34. Example The following table was used to calculate the medals for athletes taking part in a race."Silver". Syntax =CHOOSE(UserValue.CHOOSE(D32."Silver"."Carol") =CHOOSE(C7.C30:C34) . The Time for each athlete is entered. Item1."Bronze")."Alan"."unplaced") 5 unplaced =IF(D33<=3."Alan"."unplaced") 4 unplaced =IF(D31<=3."Carol") =CHOOSE(C5. as this would cause the error of #VALUE to appear.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 ."Silver"."Alan".10%."Bronze")."Bronze")."Carol") =CHOOSE(C6.15%. Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Time 1:30 1:15 2:45 1:05 1:20 Position Medal 2 Silver =IF(D30<=3. Item3 through to Item29) Formatting No special formatting is required.18%) What Does It Do? This function picks from a list of options based upon an Index value given to by the user."unplaced") 3 Bronze =IF(D34<=3.10%.18%) =CHOOSE(C9.CHOOSE(D30."unplaced") =RANK(C34. due to the fact the =CHOOSE() has only three items in it. The =CHOOSE() then allocates the correct medal.CHOOSE(D33. The =IF() has been used to filter out any positions above 3.18%) =CHOOSE(C8. The =RANK() function calculates the finishing position of each athlete."Bronze").CHOOSE(D31.10%."Bob"."Silver"."Bob"."Bronze"). Item2."Gold". Syntax =CLEAN(TextToBeCleaned) Formatting No special formatting is needed. These nonprinting characters are often found in data which has been imported from other systems such as database imports from mainframes. The result will show as normal text. .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F G H CLEAN Page 21 of 139 I CLEAN Dirty Text Hello He llo Hello Clean Text Hello =CLEAN(C4) Hello =CLEAN(C5) Hello =CLEAN(C6) What Does It Do? This function removes any nonprintable characters from text. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . but can only use three in any scheme. Total Characters 4 The proof ! Group Size 2 The four letters : Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6 Combinations 6 ABCD AB AC AD BC BD CD =COMBIN(C25. Syntax =COMBIN(HowManyItems.D6) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the highest number of combinations available based upon a fixed number of items. so AB is the same as BA.D5) =COMBIN(C6.D25) Example 2 A decorator is asked to design a colour scheme for a new office.D4) =COMBIN(C5.D41) The colours Red Green Blue Yellow Black Scheme 1 Red Scheme 2 Red Scheme 3 Red Scheme 4 Red Scheme 5 Red . The internal order of the combination does not matter. Example 1 This example calculates the possible number of pairs of letters available from the four characters ABCD.GroupSize) Formatting No special formatting is required. The decorator is given five colours to work with. How many colours schemes can be created ? Available Colours Colours Per Scheme Totals Schemes 5 3 10 =COMBIN(C41.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 B C D E F COMBIN Page 22 of 139 G COMBIN Pool Of Items 4 4 26 Items In A Group 2 3 2 Possible Groups 6 4 325 =COMBIN(C4. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 B Green Blue Scheme 6 Green Blue Yellow C Green Yellow Scheme 7 Green Blue Black D Green Black Scheme 8 Green Yellow Black E Blue Yellow Scheme 9 Blue Yellow Black F COMBIN Page 23 of 139 G Blue Black Scheme 10 ?????? . D6) =CONCATENATE(C7. Formatting No special formatting is needed.Text30) Up to thirty pieces of text can be joined.D7) =CONCATENATE(D8. Name 1 Alan Bob Carol Alan Bob Carol Name 2 Jones Williams Davies Jones Williams Davies Concatenated Text AlanJones BobWilliams CarolDavies Alan Jones Williams. Syntax =CONCATENATE(Text1. Bob Davies. Bob Davies.D4) =CONCATENATE(C5. Carol =C25&D25 =C26&D26 =C27&D27 =C28&" "&D28 =D29&".Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . ".Text2. ". "&C29 =D30&".C8) =CONCATENATE(D9."..D5) =CONCATENATE(C6. "&C30 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B C D E F G CONCATENATE Page 24 of 139 H CONCATENATE Name 1 Alan Bob Carol Alan Bob Carol Name 2 Jones Williams Davies Jones Williams Davies Concatenated Text AlanJones BobWilliams CarolDavies Alan Jones Williams.C9) What Does It Do? This function joins separate pieces of text into one item." "..". Carol =CONCATENATE(C4. Note You can achieve the same result by using the & operator.Text3. the result will be shown as normal text. Example The following table was used by an Import / Exporting company to convert the weight and size of packages from old style UK measuring system to European system.E4) 0.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 B C D E F G CONVERT Page 25 of 139 H CONVERT Amount Converting To Convert From 1 in 1 ft 1 yd 1 1 1.E6) 365.54 =CONVERT(C4."in"."ft".Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 ."ozm".D4.E10) =CONVERT(C11.E9) =CONVERT(C10.5 yr day hr mn Converting To cm m m day hr mn sec Converted Amount 2.D10.UnitToConvertFrom.5 0.D6.E5) 0."m") Weight Height Length Width Abbreviations This is a list of all the possible abbreviations which can be used to denote measuring systems.D8.D9.9144 =CONVERT(C6.) g kg sg lbm u ozm m mi Nmi in ft yd ang Pica yr .5146 2 1.D5.81 3 2.5748 =CONVERT(D34.E8) =CONVERT(C9. such as Inches to Centimetres. to the same value expressed in a different type of unit."kg") Feet 12 8 5 Inches Metres 6 3.3048 =CONVERT(C5.25 24 90 30 =CONVERT(C8.E11) What Does It Do ? This function converts a value measure in one type of unit.UnitToConvertTo) Formatting No special formatting is needed."lbm". Pounds Ounces Kilograms 5 3 2.35301 =CONVERT(D28.D11."kg")+CONVERT(E28."m")+CONVERT(E34. Syntax =CONVERT(AmountToConvert. Weight & Mass Gram Kilogram Slug Pound mass U (atomic mass) Ounce mass Time Year Distance Meter Statute mile Nautical mile Inch Foot Yard Angstrom Pica (1/72 in. 00E+06 M 1.00E-15 1.00E+18 E 1.2000 Peter Noneley A 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 Day Hour Minute Second Temperature Degree Celsius Degree Fahrenheit Degree Kelvin Force Newton Dyne Pound force Energy Joule Erg Thermodynamic calorie IT calorie Electron volt Horsepower-hour Watt-hour Foot-pound BTU B C day hr mn sec D E Pressure Pascal Atmosphere mm of Mercury Liquid Teaspoon Tablespoon Fluid ounce Cup Pint Quart Gallon Liter Power Horsepower Watt F Pa atm mmHg G CONVERT Page 26 of 139 H C F K N dyn lbf tsp tbs oz cup pt qt gal l J e c cal eV HPh Wh flb BTU HP W Magnetism Tesla Gauss T ga These characters can be used as a prefix to access further units of measure.00E-12 1.00E-01 1.00E+01 e Prefix deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto Multiplier 1.00E-02 1.00E+09 G 1.00E-03 1.00E+12 T 1.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .00E-06 1. Using "c" as a prefix to meters "m" will allow centimetres "cm" to be calculated.00E-18 Abbreviation d c m u n p f a .00E-09 1.00E+15 P 1.00E+02 h 1. Prefix exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto dekao Multiplier Abbreviation 1.00E+03 k 1. 000 £1.000 £20. The correlation shows that there is an 0. It can be formatted as percentage % to show a more meaning full result.000 £5. The correlation shows that there is an 28% realtionship between the data. Syntax =CORREL(Range1.000 £1.000 £40.E5:E10) Correlation 28% =CORREL(G5:G10. The larger the result.000 £20.Range2) Formatting The result will normally be shown in decimal format. In Table 1 the Monthly temperature is compared against the Sales of air conditioning units.000 £40.H5:H10) What Does It Do ? This function examines two sets of data to determine the degree of relationship between the two sets.000 £30.864 =CORREL(D5:D10. the greater the correlation.000 Correlation 0.000 £1.000 £8.000 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Avg Temp 20 30 30 40 50 50 Sales £20.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 B C D E F G H I CORREL Page 27 of 139 J CORREL Table 1 Air Cond Sales 100 200 300 200 400 400 Table 2 Advertising Costs £2. . The result will be a decimal between 0 and 1.864 realtionship between the data. In Table 2 the Cost of advertising has been compared to Sales.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 000 Metal £1. Syntax =COUNT(Range1. through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 B C D E F G H I COUNT Page 28 of 139 J COUNT Entries To Be Counted 10 20 30 10 0 30 10 -20 30 10 1-Jan-88 30 10 21:30 30 10 0.362452 30 10 30 10 Hello 30 10 #DIV/0! 30 Count 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 =COUNT(C4:E4) =COUNT(C5:E5) =COUNT(C6:E6) =COUNT(C7:E7) =COUNT(C8:E8) =COUNT(C9:E9) =COUNT(C10:E10) =COUNT(C11:E11) =COUNT(C12:E12) What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of numeric entries in a list.. text and errors. It will ignore blanks.000 £1. Example The following table was used by a builders merchant to calculate the number of sales for various products in each month.000 Glass £2.Range2. Item Jan Feb Bricks £1.000 Wood £5.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .Range3..000 Count 3 2 =COUNT(D29:D32) Mar 0 . Syntax =COUNTA(Range1. Each exam passed was graded as 1.Range3.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 2 or 3.. Example The following table was used by a school to keep track of the examinations taken by each pupil.Range2.275884 30 10 30 10 Hello 30 10 #DIV/0! 30 Count 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 =COUNTA(C4:E4) =COUNTA(C5:E5) =COUNTA(C6:E6) =COUNTA(C7:E7) =COUNTA(C8:E8) =COUNTA(C9:E9) =COUNTA(C10:E10) =COUNTA(C11:E11) =COUNTA(C12:E12) What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of numeric or text entries in a list. through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed. The =COUNTA() function has been used because of its ability to count text and numeric entries. A failure was entered as Fail. Maths Alan Bob Carol David Elaine Fail 2 Fail 1 English 1 1 3 Art 1 3 1 Fail 2 History Exams Taken By Each Pupil 2 3 3 2 4 =COUNTA(D39:G39) 1 Fail How many pupils sat each Exam.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 B C D E F G H I COUNTA Page 29 of 139 J COUNTA Entries To Be Counted 10 20 30 10 0 30 10 -20 30 10 1-Jan-88 30 10 21:30 30 10 0.. It will ignore blanks. The school also needed to know how many exams were taken by each pupil. The school needed to known how many pupils sat each exam. Maths English Art History 4 3 5 2 =COUNTA(D35:D39) . The response to the question could be Y or N. Each of the departments in the various factories were questioned."Y") =COUNTIF(C32:F41."N") Blanks 2 =COUNTBLANK(C4:C11) Factory 1 Factory 2 Factory 3 Factory 4 Factory 5 Factory 6 Factory 7 Factory 8 Factory 9 Factory 10 N Y Y N Y Y N N N Votes not vet registered : Votes for Yes : Votes for No : . Admin Y Accounts N Y Production Y N Y Y Y Y Y Personnel N N N Y Y 16 14 10 =COUNTBLANK(C32:F41) =COUNTIF(C32:F41. As the results of the vote were collated they were entered in to the table. The =COUNTBLANK() function has been used to calculate the number of departments which have no yet registered a vote. Syntax =COUNTBLANK(RangeToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Example The following table was used by a company which was balloting its workers on whether the company should have a no smoking policy.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 B C D E F G H COUNTBLANK Page 30 of 139 I COUNTBLANK Range To Test 1 Hello 3 0 1-Jan-98 5 What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of blank cells in a range. CriteriaToBeMatched) The criteria can be typed in any of the following ways. How many items cost £100 or above."Brakes") =COUNTIF(C4:C12. To match a specific number type the number.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 B C D E F G COUNTIF Page 31 of 139 COUNTIF Item Brakes Tyres Brakes Service Service Window Tyres Tyres Clutch Date 1-Jan-98 10-May-98 1-Feb-98 1-Mar-98 5-Jan-98 1-Jun-98 1-Apr-98 1-Mar-98 1-May-98 Cost 80 25 80 150 300 50 200 100 250 2 3 5 2 =COUNTIF(C4:C12. How many Tyres have been bought.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5. service What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of items which match criteria set by the user.">=100") =COUNTIF(C4:C12.100) To match a piece of text type the text in quotes. such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5. .">100") Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =COUNTIF(RangeOfThingsToBeCounted. Type the name of the item to count."Tyres") =COUNTIF(E4:E12.E18) How many Brake Shoes Have been bought. such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5."Hello") To match using operators surround the expression with quotes. month. .Number. 2000 =DATE(E6.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 B C D E F G H I DATE Page 32 of 139 J DATE Day Month 25 12 25 12 33 12 Year 99 99 99 Date 12/25/99 =DATE(E4.day) Formatting The result will normally be displayed in the dd/mm/yy format.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Syntax =DATE(year. By using the Format.C5) January 2.D5.D4.Date command the format can be changed.C6) What Does It Do? This function creates a real date by using three normal numbers typed into separate cells.C4) 25-Dec-99 =DATE(E5.D6.Cells. D5."Interval") FirstDate : This is the earliest of the two dates.D6.TODAY().TODAY().D9."ym") 12 =DATEDIF(C8.TODAY(). "Interval" : This indicates what you want to calculate. Age is 53 Years. which creates a text version.TODAY().D8. These are the available intervals. months or years. 2 Months and 12 Days ="Age is "&DATEDIF(C8. as if the dates were in the same month and year. "ym" Months between the dates.TODAY(). It can show the result in weeks. "m" Months between the two dates."y") =DATEDIF(C7. Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 ."md")&" Days" .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 B C D E F G H DATEDIF Page 33 of 139 I DATEDIF FirstDate 1-Jan-60 1-Jan-60 1-Jan-60 1-Jan-60 1-Jan-60 1-Jan-60 SecondDate 10-May-70 10-May-70 10-May-70 10-May-70 10-May-70 10-May-70 Interval days months years yeardays yearmonths monthdays Difference 3782 124 10 130 4 9 =DATEDIF(C4."y")&" Years.TODAY(). "md" Days between the two dates. Birth date : Years lived : and the months : and the days : 1-Jan-60 53 =DATEDIF(C8.SecondDate."yd") =DATEDIF(C8."ym") =DATEDIF(C9. SecondDate : This is the most recent of the two dates."md") You can put this all together in one calculation. Syntax =DATEDIF(FirstDate."md") What Does It Do? This function calculates the difference between two dates.D7. "y" Years between the two dates.D4."m") =DATEDIF(C6. "&DATEDIF(C8."y") 2 =DATEDIF(C8. "d" Days between the two dates."ym")&" Months and "&DATEDIF(C8."d") =DATEDIF(C5. "yd" Days between the dates. as if the dates were in the same year. as if the dates were in the same year. Cells.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .Date. probably after being imported from an external program. The =DATEVALUE function was used because the date has been entered in the cell as a piece of text. Dates expressed as text are often created when data is imported from other programs. such as exports from mainframe computers. Days Until Expiry Date Expiry 25-dec-99 -4827 10-july/99 -4995 13-sep-98 -5295 30/5/2000 #VALUE! =DATEVALUE(E32)-TODAY() Property Ref.Number. Example The example uses the =DATEVALUE and the =TODAY functions to calculate the number of days remaining on a property lease.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 B C D E F DATEVALUE Page 34 of 139 G DATEVALUE Date 25-dec-99 25/12/99 25-dec-99 25/12/99 Date Value 36519 #VALUE! 36519 #VALUE! =DATEVALUE(C4) =DATEVALUE(C5) =DATEVALUE(C6) =DATEVALUE(C7) What Does It Do? The function is used to convert a piece of text into a date which can be used in calculations. Syntax =DATEVALUE(text) Formatting The result will normally be shown as a number which represents the date. This number can be formatted to any of the normal date formats by using Format. BC100 FG700 TD200 HJ900 . Custom and using the code ddd or dddd.Number. Example The =DAY function has been used to calculate the name of the day for your birthday.Cells.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Please enter your date of birth in the format dd/mm/yy : You were born on : 3/25/1962 Wednesday 25 =DAY(F21) . Syntax =DAY(value) Formatting Normally the result will be a number.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 B C D E F G DAY Page 35 of 139 DAY Full Date 25-Dec-98 13-Mar-13 13-Mar-13 The Day 25 Fri 13 13 =DAY(C4) =DAY(C5) =DAY(C6) What Does It Do? This function extracts the day of the month from a complete date. but this can be formatted to show the actual day of the week by using Format. TRUE) 89 =DAYS360(C6. =DAYS360(Start.D5. Use this function if your accounting system is based on twelve 30-day months. 4 =DAYS360(C4.D6.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 B C D E F DAYS360 Page 36 of 139 DAYS360 StartDate 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 EndDate 5-Jan-98 1-Feb-98 31-Mar-98 31-Dec-98 Days Between * See the Note below. Note The calculation does not include the last day.TRUE)+1 . The result of using 1-Jan-98 and 5-Jan-98 will give a result of 4.D7.D4.TRUE) What Does It Do? Shows the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year (twelve 30-day months).TRUE) 359 =DAYS360(C7.EndDate. Syntax =DAYS360(StartDate.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . FALSE : Use this for USA accounting systems.TRUE) 30 =DAYS360(C5.End. Formatting The result will be shown as a number.TRUE of FALSE) TRUE : Use this for European accounting systems. To correct this add 1 to the result. D32) =DELTA(C33. otherwise the result is 0.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D9) =DELTA(C10.5 12 100 150 Number2 20 50 30 18 8 100 125 Total Pairs Delta 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 4 =DELTA(C30.175 Hello Delta 0 1 1 1 1 #VALUE! 1 =DELTA(C4.D33) =DELTA(C34.D5) =DELTA(C6.D36) =SUM(E30:E36) .D8) =DELTA(C9. The =DELTA() function tests each pair and then the =SUM() function totals them.D10) What Does It Do ? This function compares two values and tests whether they are exactly the same.D34) =DELTA(C35.D31) =DELTA(C32. Number1 10 50 30 17. text values produce a result of #VALUE.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 B C D E F G H I DELTA Page 37 of 139 J DELTA Number1 10 50 17.5 17.D4) =DELTA(C5.D7) =DELTA(C8. Syntax =DELTA(FirstNumber.5 17.SecondNumber) Formatting No special formatting is needed.D6) =DELTA(C7. It only works with numbers.D35) =DELTA(C36. The formatting of the number is not significant. If the numbers are the same the result will be 1.50% Hello Number2 20 50 17. so numbers which appear rounded due to the removal of decimal places will still match correctly with non rounded values.5 18 0.D30) =DELTA(C31. Example The following table is used to determine how may pairs of similar numbers are in a list. 2000 Peter Noneley A B C D E 1 Eastern data. 2 Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function. 3 4 Jan Feb Mar 5 Alan 1000 2000 3000 6 Bob 4000 5000 6000 7 Carol 7000 8000 9000 8 Total 12000 15000 18000 F EAST Page 38 of 139 Total 6000 15000 24000 45000 .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The =EDATE() function has been used to calculate the end of the contract.D32) =EDATE(C33.D48).D31) =EDATE(C32.D27) =EDATE(C28. then 5 is subtracted from the =EDATE() to ensure the end of contract falls on a Friday.0) . The Start date is entered.D4) =EDATE(C5.WEEKDAY(EDATE(C48.D28) =EDATE(C29.D48). Start Tue 06-Jan-98 Mon 12-Jan-98 Fri 09-Jan-98 Fri 09-Jan-98 Mon 19-Jan-98 Mon 26-Jan-98 Mon 12-Jan-98 Duration 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 End Mon 06-Apr-98 Fri 10-Apr-98 Fri 08-May-98 Thu 09-Apr-98 Fri 17-Apr-98 Fri 24-Apr-98 Fri 10-Apr-98 =EDATE(C48. If the week day number is 6 or 7.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Start Tue 06-Jan-98 Mon 12-Jan-98 Fri 09-Jan-98 Fri 09-Jan-98 Mon 19-Jan-98 Mon 26-Jan-98 Mon 12-Jan-98 Duration 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 End Mon 06-Apr-98 Sun 12-Apr-98 Sat 09-May-98 Thu 09-Apr-98 Sun 19-Apr-98 Sun 26-Apr-98 Sun 12-Apr-98 =EDATE(C27.2)-5.D5) =EDATE(C6. (Sat or Sun).D33) The company decide not to end contracts on Saturday or Sunday. The contract Duration is entered as months.D29) =EDATE(C30. The =WEEKDAY() function has been used to identify the actaul weekday number of the end date. Example This example was used by a company hiring contract staff. this can be formatted to represent a date by using the Format.Months) Formatting The result will normally be expressed as a number.Date command.Cells.D30) =EDATE(C31. The company needed to know the end date of the employment.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F EDATE Page 39 of 139 G EDATE Start Date 1-Jan-98 2-Jan-98 2-Jan-98 Plus Months 3 3 -3 End Date 1-Apr-98 2-Apr-98 2-Oct-97 =EDATE(C4.D6) What Does It Do? This function is used to calculate a date which is a specific number of months in the past or in the future.2)>5.Number. Syntax =EDATE(StartDate.D48)-IF(WEEKDAY(EDATE(C48. this can be formatted to represent a date by using the Format.Cells.D4) =EOMONTH(C5.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D6) What Does It Do? This function will show the last day of the month which is a specified number of months before or after a given date.Number.D5) =EOMONTH(C6.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F EOMONTH Page 40 of 139 G EOMONTH StartDate 5-Jan-98 5-Jan-98 5-Jan-98 Plus Months 2 2 -2 End Of Month 35885 31-Mar-98 30-Nov-97 =EOMONTH(C4. . Syntax =EOMONTH(StartDate.Date command.Months) Formatting The result will normally be expressed as a number. TYPE(E5) =ERROR. Formatting The result will be formatted as a normal number. Example See Example 4 in the =DGET() function. .TYPE Page 41 of 139 ERROR.TYPE(E6) =ERROR.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B C D E F G ERROR.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .TYPE(E4) =ERROR.TYPE(E7) What Does It Do? This function will show a number which corresponds to an error produced by a formula.TYPE Data 10 10 10 10:00 0 3 3 13:00 The Error #DIV/0! #NAME? #REF! ####### Error Type 2 5 4 #N/A =ERROR. Syntax =ERROR.TYPE(Error) Error is the cell reference where the error occurred. 3 25 Evenly Rounded 2 2 4 26 =EVEN(C4) =EVEN(C5) =EVEN(C6) =EVEN(C7) What Does It Do ? This function round a number up the nearest even whole number.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The garage is repairing a fleet of cars from three manufactures. Table 1 was used to enter the number of wipers required for each type of car and then show how many pairs need to be ordered. Each manufacturer uses a different type of windscreen wiper which are only supplied in pairs. Syntax =EVEN(Number) Formatting No special formatting is needed.2 2.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B C D E F G EVEN Page 42 of 139 H EVEN Original Value 1 1. Example The following table is used by a garage which repairs cars. Table 1 Car Vauxhall Ford Peugeot Wipers To Order 5 9 7 Pairs to Order 3 =EVEN(D28)/2 5 =EVEN(D29)/2 4 =EVEN(D30)/2 . D6) What Does It Do? This function compares two items of text and determine whether they are exactly the same. If there is any difference in the two items of text the result of FALSE will be shown. The case of the characters is taken into account. The =EXACT() function is used to check your guess. either red blue or green. . The case of the password is important. Example Here is a simple password checking formula. Guess the password : Is it correct : red No (To stop you from cheating.Text2) Only two items of text can be compared. You need to guess the correct password. which use the ANSI number of the characters rather than the character itself!) Its still very easy though.D4) =EXACT(C5. only words which are spelt the same and which have upper and lower case characters in the same position will be considered as equal.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 B C D E F G H I EXACT Page 43 of 139 J EXACT Text1 Hello Hello Hello Text2 Hello hello Goodbye Result TRUE FALSE FALSE =EXACT(C4. the correct password has been entered as a series of =CHAR() functions.D5) =EXACT(C6. Syntax =EXACT(Text1. Formatting If the two items of text are exactly the same the result of TRUE will be shown.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The password is the name of a colour. 176.008. .. The factorial of 5 is calculated as 1*2*3*4*5.628.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B C D E F G FACT Page 44 of 139 H FACT Number 3 3. Syntax =FACT(Number) Formatting.902. What Does It Do ? This function calculates the factorial of a number. which results in 120. Decimal fractions of the number are ignored.640. The factorial is calculated as 1*2*3*4.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .000 =FACT(C4) =FACT(C5) =FACT(C6) =FACT(C7) =FACT(C8) .432.etc.800 2.5 5 10 20 Factorial 6 6 120 3. No special formatting is needed. C9) What Does It Do? This function looks for a specified letter inside another piece of text.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . the result will be shown as a number. Syntax =FIND(LetterToLookFor.C4) =FIND(D5. Formatting No special formatting is needed. .StartPosition) LetterToLookFor : This needs to be a single character. An additional option can be used to start the search at a specific point in the text. If the letter is not found in the text. StartPosition : This is optional.C6) =FIND(D7. the first occurrence is used.C8.TextToLookInside.6) =FIND(D9. When the letter is found the position is shown as a number.C7) =FIND(D8. TextToLookInside : This is the piece of text to be searched through.C5) =FIND(D6. the result #VALUE is shown. thus enabling the search to find duplicate occurrences of the letter. If the text contains more than one reference to the letter. it specifies at which point in the text the search should begin.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 B C D E F FIND Page 45 of 139 G FIND Text Hello Hello Hello Alan Williams Alan Williams Alan Williams Letter To Find e H o a a T Position Of Letter 2 1 5 3 11 #VALUE! =FIND(D4. 2) 10.DecimalPlaces.25 10. If the Commas is not specified the function will assume TRUE.TRUE) What Does It Do ? This function converts a numeric value to text.25 10. Number command will not have any effect.23 1.25 =FIXED(C11.000 =FIXED(C13.00 =FIXED(C7.1) 10 10.000.25 10. Cells.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .Commas) If DecimalPlaces places is not specified the function will assume 2. The Commas option can be TRUE for commas or FALSE for no commas.0.25 =FIXED(C8) 10.3 =FIXED(C10. Note that any further formatting with the Format.23 1000 =FIXED(C14. and commas can be inserted at the 1.0 =FIXED(C6.00 =FIXED(C12) 1000.0) 1000.00 =FIXED(C4) 10 10 =FIXED(C5.0) 10.1) 10. .2) 1000 1.25 10 =FIXED(C9. Syntax =FIXED(NumberToConvert.000's. Formatting No special formatting is needed. During the conversion the value can be rounded to a specific number of decimal places.0) 10 10.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B C D E F G H I FIXED Page 46 of 139 J FIXED Original Converted Number To Text 10 10. Example The following table was used to calculate commission for members of a sales team.1) =FLOOR(C7.50) =FLOOR(C9.125 Relevant Sales Commission £23.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .SignificantValue) Formatting No special formatting is needed.000 £180 =FLOOR(D29.50) What Does It Do ? This function rounds a value down to the nearest multiple specified by the user.000 £560 £18.9 123 145 175 Rounded Down 1 2 2 100 100 150 =FLOOR(C4.5 2.890 £18.50) =FLOOR(C8.1) =FLOOR(C5. Name Alan Bob Carol Actual Sales £23. Syntax =FLOOR(NumberToRound.1) =FLOOR(C6.3 2.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B C D E F G FLOOR Page 47 of 139 H FLOOR Number 1.500 £56. which is then used as the basis for Commission.1000) . The =FLOOR() function has been used to round down the Actual Sales to the nearest 1000. Commission is only paid for every £1000 of sales.000 £230 £56. FALSE) row 1 row 2 row 3 row 4 row 5 row 6 The row numbers are not needed. FALSE for no. The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the column headings at the top.Jan.SortedOrUnsorted) The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user. If they were sorted alphabetically they would have read as Feb. the =MATCH() number is 1 less than we require. it then scans down the column to pick a cell entry.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 B C D E F G H I HLOOKUP Page 48 of 139 J HLOOKUP Jan 10 20 30 40 50 Feb 80 90 100 110 120 Mar 97 69 45 51 77 Feb 3 90 =HLOOKUP(F10. even though to us the order of Jan. so and extra 1 is added to compensate. The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. To solve the problem the =MATCH() function is used. The =HLOOKUP() uses FALSE at the end of the function to indicate to Excel that the column headings are not sorted. Formatting No special formatting is needed. The =MATCH() looks through the list of names to find the name we require.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The =HLOOKUP() now uses this =MATCH() number to look down the month column and picks out the correct cell entry.F11.RangeToLookIn. Type a month to look for : Which row needs to be picked out : The result is : What Does It Do ? This function scans across the column headings at the top of a table to find a specified item.RowToPickFrom.Mar is correct.Feb. Syntax =HLOOKUP(ItemToFind.Mar. The problem arises when we need to scan down to find the row adjacent to the name. they are part of the illustration. Example 1 This table is used to find a value based on a specified month and name. It then calculates the position of the name in the list. TRUE for yes. because the list of names is not as deep as the lookup range.D3:F10. Unfortunately. The RowToPickFrom is how far down the column the function should look to pick from. When the item is found. The =HLOOKUP() is used to scan across to find the month. Jan 10 20 30 40 Feb 80 90 100 110 Mar 97 69 45 51 Bob Eric Alan Carol . All the calculations take place in the Orders Table.D47:F54.F73:F77.2.2000 Peter Noneley A 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 B C David D 50 E 120 F 77 feb alan G H I HLOOKUP Page 49 of 139 J Type a month to look for : Type a name to look for : The result is : 100 =HLOOKUP(F54. the =HLOOKUP() then looks down the column to the row specified by the =MATCH() function. The TRUE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the values . Wood and Glass. If a match is not found. The FALSE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the product names across the top of the Unit Cost Table are not sorted.G72:I77.200 Engine 1000 1200 800 £275 Steering 250 350 275 £70 Ignition 50 70 45 £290 CYHead 300 290 310 £500 £1. The Discount Table holds the various discounts for different quantities of each product.0)+1.FALSE) The discount is then looked up in the Discount Table If the Quantity Ordered matches a value at the top of the Discount Table the =HLOOKUP will look down the column to find the correct discount. The Unit Cost Table holds the cost of 1 unit of Brick.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .MATCH(F55. the function will produce an error. The name of the Item is typed in column C. The Unit Cost of the item is then looked up in the Unit Cost Table. Maker Vauxhall VW Ford VW Ford Ford Vauxhall Ford Spare Ignition GearBox Engine Steering Ignition CYHead GearBox Engine Cost £50 Vauxhall Ford VW £600 GearBox 500 450 600 £1. This ensures that when the formula is copied to more cells.200 =HLOOKUP(B79.FALSE) Example 2 This example shows how the =HLOOKUP() is used to pick the cost of a spare part for different makes of cars. The =HLOOKUP() scans the column headings for the make of car specified in column B.MATCH(C79. which scans the list of spares for the item specified in column C. the ranges for =HLOOKUP() and =MATCH() do not change.E111:G112. The Orders Table is used to enter the orders and calculate the Total. The function uses the absolute ranges indicated by the dollar symbol $. =HLOOKUP(C127.FALSE) Example 3 In the following example a builders merchant is offering discount on large orders.0)+1. When the make is found. Using the FALSE option forces the function to search for an exact match.C48:C52. D116:D118.FALSE) =HLOOKUP(D127. the next lowest value is used. =HLOOKUP(D127.0)+1.2000 Peter Noneley A 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 HLOOKUP Page 50 of 139 B C D E F G H I J across the top of the Discount Table are sorted.275 =HLOOKUP(C127.MATCH(C127.E115:G118.0)+1. and the discount from the 100 column is used.TRUE) Unit Cost Table Wood Glass £1 £3 Brick £2 Brick Wood Glass Discount Table 1 100 0% 6% 0% 3% 0% 12% Orders Table Unit Cost Discount £2 6% £1 3% £3 12% £2 6% £1 0% £3 15% 300 8% 5% 15% Item Brick Wood Glass Brick Wood Glass Unit Cost Discount Units 100 200 150 225 50 500 Total £188 £194 £396 £423 £50 £1.TRUE) .MATCH(C127.2.D116:D118. Trying to match an order of 125 will drop down to 100. Using TRUE will allow the function to make an approximate match.E115:G118.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .E111:G112. If the Quantity Ordered does not match a value at the top of the Discount Table. 25 Hour 21 6 =HOUR(C4) =HOUR(C5) What Does It Do? The function will show the hour of the day based upon a time or a number. Syntax =HOUR(Number) Formatting The result will be shown as a normal number between 0 and 23. .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 B C D E F G H HOUR Page 51 of 139 I HOUR Number 21:15 0. "Not Achieved") Not Achieved =IF(C6>=D6.C44*10%. If the Sales do not reach Target."Not Achieved") Example 2 The following table is similar to that in Example 1.C43*10%. If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target the result of Achieved is shown.ActionIfFalse) The Condition is usually a test of two cells."Not Achieved") Achieved =IF(C5>=D5."Achieved".Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The ActionIfTrue and ActionIfFalse can be numbers.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H IF Page 52 of 139 I IF Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 Result Not Achieved =IF(C4>=D4. If the Sales do not reach the target the result of Not Achieved is shown.C43*5%) 600 =IF(C44>=D44. the Commission is only 5% of Sales."Achieved"."Achieved".C45*5%) Example 3 This example uses the =AND() within the =IF() function. Formatting No special formatting is required.C45*10%.C44*5%) 100 =IF(C45>=D45. the Commission is 10% of Sales."Achieved"."Not Achieved") Not Achieved =IF(C33>=D33."Not Achieved") What Does It Do? This function tests a condition. text or calculations."Achieved". Each has their own target which they must reach. Example 1 The following table shows the Sales figures and Targets for sales reps. Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 Commission 50 =IF(C43>=D43. A builders merchant gives 10% discount on certain product lines. Syntax =IF(Condition. The =IF() function is used to compare the Sales with the Target. If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target."Achieved". Depending upon the result. If the condition is met it is considered to be TRUE.ActionIfTrue. This time the Commission to be paid to the sales rep is calculated. Name Alan Bob Carol Sales 1000 6000 2000 Target 5000 5000 4000 Result Not Achieved =IF(C31>=D31. such as A1=A2. Note that the text used in the =IF() function needs to be placed in double quotes "Achieved". If the condition is not met it is considered as FALSE."Not Achieved") Achieved =IF(C32>=D32. one of two actions will be carried out. . 2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 B C D E F G H The discount is only given on products which are on Special Offer.800 £ £ 2.700 =IF(AND(C61="Yes".000 £ £ 500 £ 300 £ 2. when the Order Value is £1000 or above.000 IF Page 53 of 139 I Product Wood Glass Cement Turf Discount Total £ 200 £ 1.0) .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The =AND() function is used with the =IF() to check that the product is on offer and that the value of the order is above £1000. Special Offer Yes No Yes Yes Order Value £ 2.000 £ 2.000 £ 500 £ 3.D61>=1000).D61*10%. 2 or 3 : 2 The size is : Medium =INDEX(G34:I34.RowCoordinate.2 or 3 for statistics : The result is : Syntax 3 =INDEX(NamedRangeToLookIn.00 350.00 500.00 300.F50. It can be used with a single block of data. 2 or 3 : 2 The colour is : Green =INDEX(D32:D34.H36) Type 1.RowCoordinate. Syntax There are various forms of syntax for this function. The AreaToPickFrom indicates which of the multiple areas should be used.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Syntax 1 =INDEX(RangeToLookIn.2. Colours Red Green Blue Type either 1. People Weeks 1 2 3 1 500.AreaToPickFrom) Using this syntax the range to look in can be made up of multiple areas. The Co-ordinate indicates how far down or across to look when picking the data from the range.00 2 300. .00 How many weeks required : How many people in the party : Cost per person is : What Does It Do ? This function picks a value from a range of data by looking down a specified number of rows and then across a specified number of columns. Both of the examples below use the same syntax.00 300.00 3 250.00 600. Country England France Germany Spain Currency Sterling Franc DM Peseta Population 50 M 40 M 60 M 30 M Capitol London Paris Bonn Barcelona 2 3 Paris =INDEX(D45:F48.00 250. but the Co-ordinate refers to a row when the range is vertical and a column when the range is horizontal.G12) Size Large Medium Small Type either 1.00 700.F51) 4 200.ColumnColumnCordinate) This syntax is used when the range is made up of rows and columns. or non-continuos blocks.G11.3 or 4 for the country : Type 1.00 400.Coordinate) This is used when the RangeToLookIn is either a single column or row.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 B C D E F G H INDEX Page 54 of 139 I INDEX Holiday booking price list.ColumnColumnCordinate.D36) Syntax 2 =INDEX(RangeToLookIn.00 2 4 250 =INDEX(D7:G9. The easiest way to refer to these areas is to select them and give them a single name. 00 10.500.000.500.000.0).000.00 6.500.000.00 Qtr2 2.000.00 9.00 5.00 5.F78) Qtr4 4.IF(F102=C90.500.000.000.00 Qtr2 2.00 Qtr2 2.00 7.00 Qtr2 2.000.00 7.500.000.00 Qtr4 4.500.00 6.500.00 7. 2.500.00 5.00 12.00 11.000.000.00 Qtr3 3.00 12.IF(F102=C95.0).00 12. 2.00 8.00 10. 2 or 3 for the product : Type 1. EAST Bricks Wood Glass WEST Bricks Wood Glass Qtr1 1.00 8.000.000.00 7.500.500.00 9.F76.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .00 12.00 1 3 2 3500 =INDEX(NorthAndSouth.500.00 11.MATCH(F101.000.D90:G90.00 10. 2 or 3 for the product : Type 1.00 Qtr3 3.00 6.000.MATCH(F100.500.000.000.00 Qtr4 4.00 11.500.000. It allows the names of products and the quarters to be entered.F77.500.00 Qtr3 3.2))) .500.000.00 wood qtr2 west 6500 Qtr4 4.500.000.000.500.00 Type 1.000.500.00 5.00 6.00 9.00 11.500.000.00 Qtr3 3.00 Qtr1 1.500.C91:C93.2000 Peter Noneley A 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 B C D E F G H INDEX Page 55 of 139 I In the following example the figures for North and South have been named as one range called NorthAndSouth. These positions are then used by the =INDEX() function to look for the data.500.00 10.00 8. NORTH Bricks Wood Glass SOUTH Bricks Wood Glass Qtr1 1.000.500.00 Type 1.500. The =MATCH() function is used to find the row and column positions of the names entered. 3 or 4 for the Qtr : Type 1 for North or 2 for South : The result is : Example This is an extended version of the previous example.500.00 8.00 9. 3 or 4 for the Qtr : Type 1 for North or 2 for South : The result is : =INDEX(EastAndWest.00 Qtr1 1.1. such as C8 : The contents of the cell C8 on North is : The =INDIRECT() created a reference to =NORTH!C8 North C8 120 =INDIRECT(G33&"!"&G34) Example 2 This example uses the same data as above.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I INDIRECT Page 56 of 140 J K INDIRECT North South East West Jan 10 40 70 100 Feb 20 50 80 110 Mar 30 60 90 120 G6 80 =INDIRECT(H9) Type address of any of the cells in the above table. The address can be either on the same worksheet or on a different worksheet.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Type the name of the sheet. such as C5 : C5 Type the end cell of the range. such as North : Type the cell to pick data from. The data on these three sheets is laid out in the same cells on each sheet. SOUTH and EAST. When a reference to a sheet is made the exclamation symbol ! needs to be placed between the sheet name and cell address acting as punctuation. Example 1 This example shows how data can be picked form other worksheets by using the worksheet name and a cell address. Type the name of the sheet. such as C7 : C7 The sum of the range C5:C7 on South is : 1200 =SUM(INDIRECT(G44&"!"&G45&":"&G46)) The =INDIRECT() created a reference to =SUM(SOUTH!C5:C7) . The example uses three other worksheets named NORTH. but this time the =SUM() function is used to calculate a total from a range of cells. such as G6 : The value in the cell you typed is : What Does It Do ? This function converts a plain piece of text which looks like a cell address into a usable cell reference. such as South : South Type the start cell of the range. Syntax =INDIRECT(Text) Formatting No special formatting is needed. 2000 Peter Noneley A 51 B C D E F G H I INDIRECT Page 57 of 140 J K .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 0 pcdos =INFO("directory") =INFO("memavail") =INFO("memused") =INFO("totmem") =INFO("numfile") =INFO("origin") =INFO("osversion") =INFO("recalc") =INFO("release") =INFO("system") What Does It Do? This function provides information about the operating environment of the computer. Formatting The results will be shown as text or a number depending upon what was requested. Syntax =INFO(text) text : This is the name of the item you require information about. (PC or Mac) System Information C:\Users\user\Documents\ #N/A #N/A #N/A 118 $A:$A$1 Windows (32-bit) NT 6. .01 Automatic 14.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 B C D INFO Page 58 of 139 E INFO Current directory Available bytes of memory Memory in use Total bytes of memory Number of active worksheets Cell currently in the top left of the window Operating system Recalculation mode Excel version Name of system. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .75 -1.47589 Integer 1 2 10 -2 =INT(C4) =INT(C5) =INT(C6) =INT(C7) What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number down to the nearest whole number.504449008 Table 2 shows the age of the child with the Age formatted with no decimal places.3 10.8678987 7.5 2.668035592 =(D27-C27)/365. Example The following table was used by a school to calculate the age a child when the school year started. A child can only be admitted to school if they are over 8 years old.25 Table 3 shows the age of the child with the Age calculated using the =INT() function to remove the decimal part of the number to give the correct age.25) .570157426 8.25 7.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H INT Page 59 of 139 I INT Number 1. This has the effect of increasing the child age. Table 3 Birth Date 1-Jan-80 5-Feb-81 Term Start 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 Age 8 7 =INT((D49-C49)/365. The Birth Date and the Term Start date are entered and the age calculated. Table 2 Birth Date 1-Jan-80 5-Feb-81 20-Oct-79 1-Mar-81 Term Start 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 Age 9 8 9 8 =(D38-C38)/365. Table 1 shows the age of the child with decimal places Table 1 Birth Date 1-Jan-80 5-Feb-81 20-Oct-79 1-Mar-81 Term Start 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 Age 8. Syntax =INT(Number) Formatting No special formatting is needed. .25 The reason for using 365. The number of days is then divided by 365.2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 B C 20-Oct-79 1-Mar-81 D 1-Sep-88 1-Sep-88 E 8 7 F G H INT Page 60 of 139 I Note The age is calculated by subtracting the Birth Date from the Term Start to find the age of the child in days.25 is to take account of the leap years.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B C D E F G ISBLANK Page 61 of 139 H ISBLANK Data 1 Hello 25-Dec-98 Is The Cell Blank FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE =ISBLANK(C4) =ISBLANK(C5) =ISBLANK(C6) =ISBLANK(C7) What Does It Do? This function will determine if there is an entry in a particular cell. It can be used when a spreadsheet has blank cells which may cause errors, but which will be filled later as the data is received by the user. Usually the function is used in conjunction with the =IF() function which can test the result of the =ISBLANK() Syntax =ISBLANK(CellToTest) Formatting Used by itself the result will be shown as TRUE or FALSE. Example The following example shows a list of cheques received by a company. When the cheque is cleared the date is entered. Until the Cleared date is entered the Cleared column is blank. While the Cleared column is blank the cheque will still be Outstanding. When the Cleared date is entered the cheque will be shown as Banked. The =ISBLANK() function is used to determine whether the Cleared column is empty or not. Cheques Received Num From chq1 ABC Ltd chq2 CJ Design chq3 J Smith chq4 Travel Co. chq5 J Smith Date Received 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 2-Jan-98 3-Jan-98 4-Jan-98 Date Cleared 2-Jan-98 7-Jan-98 Amount £100 £200 £50 £1,000 £250 Banked Outstanding 100 0 200 0 0 50 0 1000 6-Jan-98 250 0 =IF(ISBLANK(F36),0,E36) =IF(ISBLANK(F36),E36,0) Totals 550 1050 Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 B C D E F G H ISERR Page 62 of 139 I ISERR Cell to test 3 #DIV/0! #NAME? #REF! #VALUE! #N/A #N/A Result FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE =ISERR(D4) =ISERR(D5) =ISERR(D6) =ISERR(D7) =ISERR(D8) =ISERR(D9) =ISERR(D10) What Does It Do ? This function tests a cell and shows TRUE if there is an error value in the cell. It will show FALSE if the contents of the cell calculate without an error, or if the error is the #NA message. Syntax =ISERR(CellToTest) The CellToTest can be a cell reference or a calculation. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example The following tables were used by a publican to calculate the cost of a single bottle of champagne, by dividing the cost of the crate by the quantity of bottles in the crate. Table 1 shows what happens when the value zero 0 is entered as the number of bottles. The #DIV/0 indicates that an attempt was made to divide by zero 0, which Excel does not do. Table 1 Cost Of Crate : Bottles In Crate : Cost of single bottle : £24 0 #DIV/0! =E32/E33 Table 2 shows how this error can be trapped by using the =ISERR() function. Table 2 Cost Of Crate : Bottles In Crate : Cost of single bottle : £24 0 Try again! =IF(ISERR(E40/E41),"Try again!",E40/E41) Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 B C D E F G ISERROR Page 63 of 139 H ISERROR Cell to test 3 #DIV/0! #NAME? #REF! #VALUE! #N/A #N/A Result FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE =ISERROR(D4) =ISERROR(D5) =ISERROR(D6) =ISERROR(D7) =ISERROR(D8) =ISERROR(D9) =ISERROR(D10) What Does It Do ? This function tests a cell or calculation to determine whether an error has been generated. It will show TRUE for any type of error and FALSE if no error is found. Syntax =ISERROR(CellToTest) The CellToTest can be a cell reference or a formula. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example The following tables was used to calculate the difference between two dates. Table 1 shows an error due to the fact that the first entry was entered using an inappropriate date format. Table 1 Start date : Jan 01 98 End date : 5-Jan-98 Difference : #VALUE! =D31-D30 Table 2 shows how the =ISERROR() function has been used to trap the error and inform the user that there has been an error in the data entry. Table 2 Start date : Jan 01 98 End date : 5-Jan-98 Difference : Error in data entry =IF(ISERROR(D40-D39),"Error in data entry",D40-D39) 6 3. . Note that text entries result in the #VALUE! error. An even number is shown as TRUE an odd number is shown as FALSE.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .6 Hello 1-Feb-98 1-Feb-96 Is it Even FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE #VALUE! FALSE TRUE =ISEVEN(C4) =ISEVEN(C5) =ISEVEN(C6) =ISEVEN(C7) =ISEVEN(C8) =ISEVEN(C9) =ISEVEN(C10) =ISEVEN(C11) =ISEVEN(C12) What Does It Do ? This function tests a number to determine whether it is even.5 3. Note that decimal fractions are ignored. Note that dates can be even or odd.5 2.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 B C D E F G H ISEVEN Page 64 of 139 ISEVEN Number 1 2 2. Syntax =ISEVEN(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is required. 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 B C D E F G H I ISLOGICAL Page 65 of 139 J ISLOGICAL Cell To Test FALSE TRUE 20 1-Jan-98 Hello #DIV/0! Result TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D4) =ISLOGICAL(D5) =ISLOGICAL(D6) =ISLOGICAL(D7) =ISLOGICAL(D8) =ISLOGICAL(D9) =ISLOGICAL(D10) What Does It Do ? This function tests a cell to determine whether the cell contents are logical. If the cell does contain a logical value. the result FALSE is shown. the result TRUE is shown. Syntax =ISLOGICAL(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . If the cell does not contain a logical value. . The logical values can only be TRUE or FALSE. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 B C D E F G H ISNA Page 66 of 139 I ISNA Number 1 Hello 1-Jan-98 #N/A Result FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE =ISNA(C4) =ISNA(C5) =ISNA(C6) =ISNA(C7) =ISNA(C8) What Does It Do? This function tests a cell to determine whether it contains the Not Available error #N/A. Syntax =ISNA(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed. The function is normally used with other functions such as the =IF() function. The #N/A can also be typed in to a cell by the user to indicate the cell is currently empty. . but will be used for data entry in the future. The #N/A is generated when a function cannot work properly because of missing data. is entered using the letter O instead of the zero 0.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Table 2 Item Radio TV Video Buying Price Mark-up Profit 400 150% 600 800 200% 1600 3OO 150% Retype the Price =IF(ISNONTEXT(D40). The function is normally used with other function such as the =IF() function."Retype the Price") . 300. Syntax =ISNONTEXT(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting. such as typing the letter O instead of zero 0. rather than text. Examples The following table is used by an electrical retailer to calculate the selling price of an item based on the buying price and the shop mark-up.D40*E40. It would be used to ensure that only numeric entries are used in calculations.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 B C D E F ISNONTEXT Page 67 of 139 G ISNONTEXT Item To Test 10 Hello 1-Jan-98 1OO Is It A Number? TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE =ISNONTEXT(C4) =ISNONTEXT(C5) =ISNONTEXT(C6) =ISNONTEXT(C7) =ISNONTEXT(C8) What Does It Do? This functions tests an entry to determine whether it is a number. rather than text which looks like a number. Table 1 Item Radio TV Video Buying Price 400 800 3OO Mark-up 150% 200% 150% Profit 600 1600 #VALUE! =D32*E32 Table 2 shows how the error is trapped using the =ISNONTEXT function and the =IF() function in the calculation. Table 1 shows the #VALUE! error generated when a number. C29:E33.000 £12.VLOOKUP(E35. ID No.D29:E33. If the cell or calculation is not numeric.000 £8.FALSE)) .VLOOKUP(E35.3. 1 2 3 4 5 Name Alan Eric Carol Bob David Salary £10. The =ISNUMBER() function has been used to identify the type of entry made. If the cell or calculation is a numeric value the result TRUE is shown. and then the =IF() decides which VLOOKUP to perform.2. the result FALSE is shown.000 Type Employee Name or ID : eric The Salary is : £ 12. or is blank.000 £12. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =ISNUMBER(CellToTest) The cell to test can be a cell reference or a calculation.FALSE).000 £15. Example The following table was used by a personnel department to lookup the salary of an employee.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 B C D E F G H I ISNUMBER Page 68 of 139 J ISNUMBER Cell Entry 1 1-Jan-98 #DIV/0! Hello Result TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE =ISNUMBER(D4) =ISNUMBER(D5) =ISNUMBER(D6) =ISNUMBER(D7) =ISNUMBER(D8) What Does It Do ? This function examines a cell or calculation to determine whether it is a numeric value.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The employee can be entered as a Name or as a Numeric value.000 =IF(ISNUMBER(E35). Note that dates can be odd or even.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 B C D E F G H ISODD Page 69 of 139 I ISODD Number 1 2 2. Syntax =ISODD(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is required.6 Hello 1-Feb-98 1-Feb-96 Is it Odd TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE #VALUE! TRUE FALSE =ISODD(C4) =ISODD(C5) =ISODD(C6) =ISODD(C7) =ISODD(C8) =ISODD(C9) =ISODD(C10) =ISODD(C11) =ISODD(C12) What Does It Do ? This function tests a number to determine whether it is odd.5 2.6 3. An odd number is shown as TRUE an even number is shown as FALSE. Note that text entries result in the #VALUE! error.5 3.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Note that decimal fractions are ignored. . Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . or FALSE for any other type of value. but when used on the worksheet. Its a bit of an odd one. it cannot be a reference to the contents of another cell. as the reference will itself be evaluated by the function. Syntax =ISREF(ValueToTest) The ValueToTest can be any type of data. . and is normally used in macros rather than on the worksheet. Formatting No special formatting is needed.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B C D E F G H ISREF Page 70 of 139 I ISREF TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE =ISREF(A1) =ISREF(B99) =ISREF(Hello) =ISREF(10) =ISREF(NOW()) =ISREF("A1") =ISREF(XX99) What Does It Do ? This function shows TRUE if given a cell address. The employee can be entered as a Name or as a Numeric value.000 Type Employee Name or ID : 3 The Salary is : £ 8. If the entry is any other type it shows FALSE. and then the =IF() decides which VLOOKUP to perform.2.000 £15.D27:E31. Example The following table was used by a personnel department to lookup the salary of an employee.000 =IF(ISTEXT(E33). ID No.000 £12. 1 2 3 4 5 Name Alan Eric Carol Bob David Salary £10.3.C27:E31.VLOOKUP(E33.FALSE).FALSE)) .VLOOKUP(E33. If the entry is text is shows TRUE.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B C D E F G H ISTEXT Page 71 of 139 I ISTEXT Cell To Test Hello 1 25-Dec-98 Result TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE =ISTEXT(D4) =ISTEXT(D5) =ISTEXT(D6) =ISTEXT(D7) What Does It Do ? This functions tests an entry to determine whether it is text.000 £8.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The =ISTEXT() function has been used to identify the type of entry made. Syntax =ISTEXT(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed.000 £12. 3) Highest Value 2nd Highest Value 3rd Highest Value Note Another way to find the Highest and Lowest values would have been to use the =MAX() and =MIN() functions.00 Mar 4.000.00 3.000. Syntax =LARGE(ListOfNumbersToExamine.4) =LARGE(C4:C8. Sales North South East West Jan 5.000.000. Highest Lowest 12.00 12.000.1) =LARGE(D24:F27.00 3.000.00 2. Example The following table was used to calculate the top 3 sales figures between Jan.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .00 2.500.000.800.500.00 =MAX(D24:F27) =MIN(D24:F27) .000.00 4.5) What Does It Do ? This function examines a list of values and picks the value at a user specified position in the list.00 Feb 6.00 6.1) =LARGE(C4:C8.00 5.000.000.2) =LARGE(D24:F27.000.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 B C D E F G H LARGE Page 72 of 139 I LARGE Values 120 800 100 120 250 Highest Value 2nd Highest Value 3rd Highest Value 4th Highest Value 5th Highest Value 800 250 120 120 100 =LARGE(C4:C8.00 10.00 10.2) =LARGE(C4:C8.PositionToPickFrom) Formatting No special formatting is needed.000.00 7.00 12.000.00 =LARGE(D24:F27. Feb and Mar.00 7.000.3) =LARGE(C4:C8. Full Name First Name Alan Jones Alan Bob Smith Bob Carol Williams Carol =LEFT(C27.NumberOfCharactersRequired) Formatting No special formatting is needed.FIND(" ".D7) =LEFT(C8. Syntax =LEFT(OriginalText.FIND(" ".C27)-1) =LEFT(C28.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H LEFT Page 73 of 139 I LEFT Number Of Characters Required Left String 1 A 2 Al 3 Ala 6 Cardif 4 ABC1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Text Alan Jones Alan Jones Alan Jones Cardiff ABC123 =LEFT(C4.FIND(" ". Example The following table was used to extract the first name of a person from their full name.D5) =LEFT(C6. The =LEFT() function can now extract the first name based on the position of the space.D4) =LEFT(C5.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D6) =LEFT(C7.C29)-1) .D8) What Does It Do ? This function displays a specified number of characters from the left hand side of a piece of text. The =FIND() function was used to locate position of the space between the first and second name. The length of the first name is therefore the position of the space minus one character.C28)-1) =LEFT(C29. LEN(C24)-FIND(" ". =RIGHT(C24.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 B C D E F G H LEN Page 74 of 139 I LEN Text Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams Cardiff ABC123 Length 10 9 14 7 6 =LEN(C4) =LEN(C5) =LEN(C6) =LEN(C7) =LEN(C8) What Does It Do ? This function counts the number of characters.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .C24)) This is just the second name. in a piece of text. Syntax =LEN(Text) Formatting No Special formatting is needed. Original Text Carol Williams 6 =FIND(" ". including spaces and numbers. Calculated by taking the overall length of the complete name and subtracting the position of the space.C24) This is the length of the second name. Example This example shows how the =LEN() function is used in a formula which extracts the second name from a text entry containing both first and second names. Carol Williams 8 .C24) This is the position of the space. Calculated by using the =RIGHT() function to extract the rightmost characters up to the length of the second name. =LEN(C24)-FIND(" ". Be careful not to include unnecessary heading in the range as these will cause errors. If the table has more columns than rows : the function will look across the top row trying to find a match for the piece of information you have asked it to look for. . If the table has the same amount of rows and columns : the function will look down the left most column and work in just the same way as if the table had more rows than columns. The way in which the function decides whether to pick from the row or column is based on the size of the table. so it is no good if you need to pick data from part way across a list.RangeToLookIn) The WhatToLookFor should be a single item. the function will look across to the right most column to pick the last entry on the row. Syntax =LOOKUP(WhatToLookFor. If the table has more rows than columns : the function will look down the left most column trying to find a match for the piece of information you asked it to look for. and then picks an item from the last cell in the adjacent row or column.D4:G10) Mar 97 69 45 51 77 28 73 Type a Name in this cell : The March value for this person is : What Does It Do ? This function looks for a piece of information in a list. It always picks the data from the end of the row or column. the function will then look down to the bottom cell of the column to pick the last entry of the column.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I LOOKUP (Array) Page 75 of 139 J LOOKUP (Array) Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Francis Gail Jan 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Feb 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Eric 77 =LOOKUP(F12. The RangeToLook in can be either horizontal or vertical. as in the description above. When a match is found. When a match is found. (use VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP). Jan Alan 100 Bob 100 Carol 100 David 100 Eric 100 Fred 100 Formatting No special formatting is needed. E LOOKUP (Array) Page 76 of 139 F G H I J Example 2 In this table there are more columns than rows. Sometimes the results will be correct. Table 1 shows the Name column sorted alphabetically. but not sorted. otherwise errors will occur. so the column heading of Jan is not included in the lookup range. Table 2 shows the same data.G80:J86) .2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 B C D Example 1 In this table there are more rows than columns. the results of using =LOOKUP() will be correct. Alan 100 Bob 100 Carol 100 David 100 Jan Problems The list of information to be looked through must be sorted in ascending order.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Table 1 Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Francis Gail Name : Value : Table 2 Name David Eric Alan Bob Carol Francis Gail Name : Value : Jan 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Eric Feb 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Mar 97 69 45 51 77 28 73 Jan 40 50 10 20 30 60 70 Eric Feb 110 120 80 90 100 130 140 Mar 51 77 97 69 45 28 73 77 =LOOKUP(C88. either as #N/A or incorrect results. but other times the result will be an #N/A error or incorrect figure.B80:E86) 45 =LOOKUP(H88. so the row heading of Jan is not included in the lookup range. otherwise errors will occur.E38:J38) Problems The list of information to be looked through must be sorted in ascending order. the match is made in the third cell of the list of names. Be careful not to include unnecessary heading in the ranges as these will cause errors.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 B C D E F G H LOOKUP (Vector) Page 77 of 139 I J LOOKUP (Vector) Name Alan Bob Carol David Eric Francis Gail Jan 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Feb 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Eric 120 =LOOKUP(F12. . When a match is found the =LOOKUP() then picks from the second range E38:J38. and then the function picks the third cell from the list of values. RangeToLookIn Alan Bob Carol David Eric Fred RangeToPickFrom 15 20 5 10 25 30 Type a name : Value : Carol 15 =LOOKUP(G41.C38:C43. Syntax =LOOKUP(WhatToLookFor.RangeToPickFrom) The WhatToLookFor should be a single item. The RangeToLook in can be either horizontal or vertical.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . either as #N/A or incorrect results. Formatting No special formatting is needed. The RangeToPickFrom must have the same number of cells in it as the RangeToLookin. If the name Carol is used.F4:F10) Mar 97 69 45 51 77 28 73 Type a Name in this cell : The Feb value for this person is : What Does It Do ? This function looks for a piece of information in a list.RangeToLookIn. and then picks an item from a second range of cells. Example The following example shows how the =LOOKUP() function was used to match a name typed in cell G41 against the list of names in C38:C43.D4:G10. 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F G LOWER Page 78 of 139 H LOWER Upper Case Text ALAN JONES BOB SMITH CAROL WILLIAMS CARDIFF ABC123 Lower Case alan jones bob smith carol williams cardiff abc123 =LOWER(C4) =LOWER(C5) =LOWER(C6) =LOWER(C7) =LOWER(C8) What Does It Do ? This function converts all characters in a piece of text to lower case. Syntax =LOWER(TextToConvert) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . . WhereToLook.E4:E7. The Ascending list gives the exact match. Ascending 10 20 30 40 20 2 Descending 40 30 20 10 20 3 =MATCH(G45. Using 1 will look for an exact match. It can look for an exact match or an approximate match. If there is no exact match or next highest number the error #NA is shown. The Wrong Value list cannot find an exact match.0) Wrong Value 10 20 30 40 25 #N/A Example 2 .0) What Does It Do ? This function looks for an item in a list and shows its position.1) Using 0 will look for an exact match.TypeOfMatch) The TypeOfMatch either 0.2000 Peter Noneley A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 C D E F G H MATCH Page 79 of 139 I MATCH Names Bob Alan David Carol Type a name to look for : Alan Type a value : Values 250 600 1000 4000 1000 The position of Alan is : 2 =MATCH(E9. Examples 1 Using the 0 option suitable for an exact match. or the next highest number if no exact match exists. If there is no match or next lowest number the error #NA is shown. The Descending list gives the exact match. 1 or -1. Using -1 will look for an exact match. Value position : 3 =MATCH(I9. If no match is found the #NA error will be shown.I4:I7. or the next lowest number if no exact match exists.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The list must be sorted for this to work properly. Syntax =MATCH(WhatToLookFor. It can be used with text and numbers. so the #NA is shown.G40:G43. The list of values being examined must be sorted for this to work correctly. The number of passengers on the tour is then entered. They need to allocate a bus with enough seats for the all the passengers.-1) Example 4 The tables below were used to by a bus company taking booking for bus tours.G57:G60. Ascending 10 20 30 40 20 #N/A Descending 40 30 20 10 20 3 Wrong Value 40 30 20 10 25 2 =MATCH(G79.D95:D99.-1).Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .0) Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4 Bus 5 .2000 Peter Noneley A B C D E F G H Using the 1 option suitable for a ascending list to find an exact or next lowest match. Bus Size 54 50 22 15 6 Passengers on the tour : 23 Bus size needed : 50 =INDEX(D95:D99.G74:G77.MATCH(H94. The list of bus sizes has been entered in a list. the next biggest bus will be picked. The Wrong Value list finds the next lowest number. The Ascending list gives the exact match. If the number of passengers is not an exact match.1) MATCH Page 80 of 139 I 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Example 3 Using the -1 option suitable for a descending list to find an exact or next highest match.. The =MATCH() function looks down the list to find the bus with enough seats. After the =MATCH() function has found the bus. The Ascending list gives the #NA error. Ascending 10 20 30 40 20 2 Descending 40 30 20 10 20 #N/A Wrong Value 10 20 30 40 25 2 =MATCH(G62. The Wrong Value list finds the next highest number. The Descending list gives the #NA error. The Descending list gives the exact match. the =INDEX() function has been used to look down the list again and pick out the actual bus size required. The =INDEX() function then looks down the Grade list to find the grade.0) .1). the next lowest breakpoint is used. Exam Score Grade 0 Fail 50 Pass 90 Merit 95 Distinction Pupil Score Grade Alan 60 Pass Bob 6 Fail Carol 97 Distinction David 89 Pass =INDEX(D111:D114.C111:C114. The list of grade breakpoints was entered in a list.2000 Peter Noneley A B 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 C D E F G H MATCH Page 81 of 139 I Example 5 The tables below were used by a school to calculate the exam grades for pupils. If an exact match is not found.MATCH(G114.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The pupils scores were entered in another list. The pupils scores are compared against the breakpoints. Syntax =MAX(Range1.000 £12.000 £10.000 £5.000 =MAX(C23:E26) .500 £3.Range3.000 £10.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 B C D E F G H MAX Page 82 of 139 I MAX Values 120 800 100 120 250 Maximum 800 Maximum 27-Dec-98 =MAX(C4:G4) Dates 1-Jan-98 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 What Does It Do ? This function picks the highest value from a list of data.800 £3.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .000 £6. through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed..000 £2. month and overall.000 Mar £4.000 £7.000 £10.000 £12..000 Feb £6.000 Overall Max £12.000 £7.Range2.000 =MAX(C23:E23) £7.000 =MAX(E23:E26) Region Max £6.500 £12. Sales North South East West Month Max Jan £5. 4-Jul-98 =MAX(C7:G7) Example In the following example the =MAX() function has been used to find the highest value for each region.000 £4. The median is not the average.Range3. Syntax =MEDIAN(Range1. the two nearest the half way point are added and their average is used as the median.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 B C D E F G H I MEDIAN Page 83 of 139 J MEDIAN Value1 20 2000 10 Value1 20 20 Value2 50 1000 20 Value2 40 20 Value3 10 10 40 Value3 30 40 Value4 30 20 40 Value4 10 20 Value5 40 8000 40 Median 30 1000 40 Median 25 20 =MEDIAN(C4:G4) =MEDIAN(C6:G6) =MEDIAN(C8:G8) =MEDIAN(C11:F11) =MEDIAN(C13:F13) What Does It Do ? This function finds the median value of a group of values... If there is no exact median number in the group. through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Range2.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . . it is the half way point where half the numbers in the group are larger than it and half the numbers are less than it. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 B C D E F G MID Page 84 of 139 H MID Text ABCDEDF ABCDEDF ABCDEDF ABC-100-DEF ABC-200-DEF ABC-300-DEF Item Size: Large Item Size: Medium Item Size: Small Start Position 1 2 5 100 200 300 Large Medium Small How Many Characters Mid String 3 ABC =MID(C4,D4,E4) 3 BCD =MID(C5,D5,E5) 2 ED =MID(C6,D6,E6) =MID(C8,5,3) =MID(C9,5,3) =MID(C10,5,3) =MID(C12,12,99) =MID(C13,12,99) =MID(C14,12,99) What Does It Do ? This function picks out a piece of text from the middle of a text entry. The function needs to know at what point it should start, and how many characters to pick. If the number of characters to pick exceeds what is available, only the available characters will be picked. Syntax =MID(OriginalText,PositionToStartPicking,NumberOfCharactersToPick) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example 1 The following table uses the =MID() function to extract a post code from a branch ID used by a company. It is assumed that all branch ID's follow the same format with the letters identifying the postal region being in the 5th and 6th positions. Branch ID DRS-CF-476 DRS-WA-842 HLT-NP-190 Postal Region CF =MID(C35,5,2) WA =MID(C36,5,2) NP =MID(C37,5,2) Example 2 This example shows how to extract an item which is of variable length, which is inside a piece of text which has no standard format, other than the required text is always between two slash / symbols. Full Branch Code DRS/STC/872 HDRS/FC/111 S/NORTH/874 HQ/K/875 Postal Region STC FC NORTH K Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 B C D E F G SPECIAL/UK & FR/876 UK & FR =MID(C50,FIND("/",C50)+1,FIND("/",C50,FIND("/",C50)+1)-FIND("/",C50)-1) Find the first /, plus 1 for the Start of the code. Find the second /, occurring after the first / Calculate the length of the text to extract, by subtracting the position of the first / from the position of the second / MID Page 85 of 139 H Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 B C D E F G H MIN Page 86 of 139 I MIN Values 120 Dates 1-Jan-98 800 100 120 250 Minimum 100 Maximum 1-Jan-98 =MIN(C4:G4) 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 4-Jul-98 =MIN(C7:G7) What Does It Do ? This function picks the lowest value from a list of data. Syntax =MIN(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example In the following example the =MIN() function has been used to find the lowest value for each region, month and overall. Sales North South East West Month MIN Overall MIN Jan 5,000.00 5,800.00 3,500.00 12,000.00 3,500.00 2,000.00 =MIN(C23:E26) Feb 6,000.00 7,000.00 2,000.00 4,000.00 2,000.00 Mar 4,500.00 3,000.00 10,000.00 6,000.00 3,000.00 =MIN(E23:E26) Region Min £4,500 =MIN(C23:E23) £3,000 £2,000 £4,000 D8) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the remainder after a number has been divided by another number.D7) =MOD(C8. Syntax =MOD(Number.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F G H MOD Page 87 of 139 I MOD Number 12 20 18 9 24 Divisor 5 7 3 2 7 Remainder 2 6 0 1 3 =MOD(C4.Divisor) Formatting No special formatting is needed.D5) =MOD(C6.D6) =MOD(C7.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D4) =MOD(C5. . Range2. through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed. The shopkeeper wants to keep track of the most commonly sold size.Range3. For it to work correctly there must be at least two numbers which are the same. When there is more than one set of duplicates."8") 11 =COUNTIF(D33:D52."12") Count of size 10 : Count of size 12 : .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . (Which is not really an accurate answer!) Syntax =MODE(Range1. The =MODE() function has been used to calulate this. Order 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 Garmet Blouse Skirt Shirt Blouse Skirt Dress Shirt Blouse Dress Shirt Dress Skirt Skirt Shirt Dress Shirt Blouse Blouse Size 10 10 8 10 12 8 10 10 8 10 12 12 10 10 8 10 10 8 Most frequently ordered size : 10 =MODE(D33:D52) Count of size 8 : 6 =COUNTIF(D33:D52."10") 3 =COUNTIF(D33:D52...2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I MODE Page 88 of 139 J MODE Value1 20 40 10 20 10 10 Value2 50 20 10 20 20 20 Value3 10 40 99 99 20 30 Value4 10 10 20 10 99 40 Value5 40 40 20 10 10 50 Mode 10 40 10 20 10 #N/A =MODE(C4:G4) =MODE(C6:G6) =MODE(C8:G8) =MODE(C9:G9) =MODE(C10:G10) =MODE(C12:G12) What Does It Do ? This function displays the most frequently occurring number in a group of numbers. the number closest to the beginning of the group will be used. If all the values in the group are unique the function shows the error #N/A. Example The following table shows garments sold in a clothes shop. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 B 019 020 C Dress Skirt D 10 8 E F G H I MODE Page 89 of 139 J Note If the =AVERAGE() function had been used the answer would have been : This figure is of no benefit to the shopkeeper as there are no garmets of this size! 9.7 . 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B C D E F MONTH Page 90 of 139 G MONTH Original Date 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 Month 1 January =MONTH(C4) =MONTH(C5) What Does It Do? This function extracts the month from a complete date. but this can be formatted to show the actual month by using Format. Please enter your date of birth in the format dd/mm/yy You were born in 3/25/1962 January =MONTH(F20) .Custom and using the code mmm or mmmm. Syntax =MONTH(Date) Formatting Normally the result will be a number.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .Cells. Example The =MONTH function has been used to calculate the name of the month for your birthday.Number. Syntax =MROUND(NumberToRound. .D6) =MROUND(C7.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D7) =MROUND(C8.D8) What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number up or down to the nearest multiple specified by the user.D5) =MROUND(C6.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F G H I MROUND Page 91 of 139 J MROUND Number 110 120 150 160 170 Multiple 50 50 50 50 50 Rounded Value 100 100 150 150 150 =MROUND(C4.MultipleToUse) Formatting No special formatting is needed.D4) =MROUND(C5. 50% 0. Syntax =N(NumericEntry) Formatting No special formatting is needed. due to the fact that Excel calculates in this way naturally. Excel does not really need this function.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .5 =N(C6) 3. .5 =N(C5) 3.035 =N(C7) 25-Dec-98 36154 =N(C8) TRUE 1 =N(C9) FALSE 0 =N(C10) Hello 0 =N(C11) 0 =N(C12) What Does It Do ? This function converts a numeric entry to its mathematical value. The function is included for compatibility with other spreadsheet programs.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 B C D E F G H I N Page 92 of 139 J N Original Converted 1 1 =N(C4) 3 1/2 3.5 3. Anything which will not convert is shown as 0 zero. NA(). When the =NA() is used. Table 1 Alan Bob Carol Salary 1000 1000 1000 Tax % 25% 20% Pay 750 1000 800 =C39-C39*D39 =C40-C40*D40 =C41-C41*D41 Table 2 shows how the =NA() has been inserted in the unknown Tax to act as a reminder that the Tax still needs to be entered. It can be type directly in to a cell as =NA() or it can be used as part of a calculation. The Salary and Tax percentage are entered.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H NA Page 93 of 140 I NA #N/A Value 10 30 Test 11 #N/A 31 Sales 100 #N/A #N/A 200 #N/A =NA() =IF(ISBLANK(C6).NA(). any calculations which depend upon the cell will also show #NA.C7+1) =IF(ISBLANK(C8). Example The following table was used by a company to calculate the monthly Wage of an employee. It is used to indicate that all the data has not yet been entered in to the spreadsheet. Syntax =NA() Formatting No special formatting is required. Table 2 Alan Bob Salary 1000 1000 Tax % 25% #N/A Pay 750 #N/A =C49-C49*D49 =C50-C50*D50 . the Wage is still calculated. On a large spreadsheet this may go unnoticed and the wrong Wage paid. The Tax is then deducted from the Salary to calculate the Wage.C6+1) =IF(ISBLANK(C7).C8+1) North South East West Total =NA() =NA() =SUM(D11:D14) What Does It Do ? This function is a place marker used to indicate that required information is Not Available. Table 1 shows that when the Tax is not entered.NA().Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 51 B Carol C 1000 D 20% E 800 F G =C51-C51*D51 H NA Page 94 of 140 I . D6) What Does It Do? This function will calculate the number of working days between two dates.C30.C28.EndDate.Holidays)+1 Example The following example shows how a list of Holidays can be created.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 B C D E F NETWORKDAYS Page 95 of 139 NETWORKDAYS Start Date 1-Mar-98 25-Apr-98 24-Dec-98 End Date 7-Mar-98 30-Jul-98 5-Jan-99 Work Days 5 69 9 =NETWORKDAYS(C4.C29. =NETWORKDAYS(Start.D5) =NETWORKDAYS(C6.D4) =NETWORKDAYS(C5. Syntax =NETWORKDAYS(StartDate.C33:C37) =NETWORKDAYS(B29. Formatting The result will be shown as a number. The result of using 1-Jan-98 and 5-Jan-98 will give a result of 4.End.Holidays) Holidays : This is a list of dates which will be excluded from the calculation. Note The calculation does not include the last day. Start Date Mon 02-Mar-98 Mon 02-Mar-98 Mon 27-Apr-98 End Date Fri 06-Mar-98 Fri 13-Mar-98 Fri 01-May-98 Holidays 1-May-98 25-Dec-98 1-Jan-97 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-99 Work Days 5 10 4 =NETWORKDAYS(B28.C33:C37) =NETWORKDAYS(B30. It will exclude weekends and any holidays.C33:C37) Bank Holiday Xmas New Year New Year New Year .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . To correct this add 1 to the result. such as Xmas and Bank holidays. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 3 Alan 4 Jan Feb Mar 5 Alan 10 20 30 6 Bob 40 50 60 7 Carol 70 80 90 8 Total 120 150 180 9 F G NORTH Page 96 of 139 Total 60 150 240 450 . 2 Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function.2000 Peter Noneley A B C D E 1 Northern data. otherwise OK is shown. Example The following table was used by a library to track books borrowed. If the test fails. by adding the Loan value to the Taken date."Overdue". If the test is met. Formatting No special formatting is needed."OK") .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B C D E F G H I NOT Page 97 of 139 J NOT Cells To Test 10 20 10 20 10 20 1-Jan-98 1-Feb-98 Hello Goodbye Hello Hello Result TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE =NOT(C4>D4) =NOT(C5=D5) =NOT(C6<D6) =NOT(C7>D7) =NOT(C8=D8) =NOT(C9=D9) What Does It Do ? This function performs a test to see if the test fails.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The date the book was Taken out is entered. Syntax =NOT(TestToPerform) The TestToPerform can be reference to cells or another calculation. The =NOT() function has been used to calculate whether the book was returned within the correct time. Taken 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 1-Jan-98 Loan 14 14 14 Returned Status 5-Jan-98 OK 15-Jan-98 OK 20-Jan-98 Overdue =IF(NOT(D33<=B33+C33)."OK") =IF(NOT(D34<=B34+C34). the result is TRUE."Overdue". then the result is FALSE."Overdue". If the book was not returned on time the result Overdue is shown. The date the book was returned is entered. (A type of reverse logic). The period of the Loan is entered."OK") =IF(NOT(D35<=B35+C35). . Syntax =NOW() Formatting The result will be shown as a date and time.33215 =NOW() What Does It Do? This function shows the current date and time.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 B C D E F G NOW Page 98 of 139 H NOW The current Date and Time 3/13/2013 7:58 =NOW() 41346. The result will be updated each time the worksheet is opened and every time an entry is made anywhere on the worksheet.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . If it is formatted to show as a number the integer part is used for the date and the decimal portion represent the time. 4 3.9 3 3. .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H ODD Page 99 of 139 I ODD Rounded To Next Odd 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Number 2 2.9 =ODD(C4) =ODD(C5) =ODD(C6) =ODD(C7) =ODD(C8) =ODD(C9) What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number up to the next highest whole odd number.4 2. Syntax =ODD(NumberToBeRounded) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 0) What Does It Do? This function tests two or more conditions to see if any of them are true. A handling charge of £5 is made on all orders paid by Visa or Delta cards.00 =IF(OR(E4="Visa". It can be used to test that at least one of a series of numbers meets certain conditions.0) =IF(OR(E5="Visa".E7="Delta"). Formatting When used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE. Example The following table shows a list of orders taken by a company.E27="Delta"). Payment Type Cash Visa Cheque Delta Handling Charge £ =IF(OR(E27="Visa".0) =IF(OR(E7="Visa".5. The =OR() function has been used to determine whether the charge needs to be applied.Test2) Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests. AB001 AB002 AB003 AB004 Cost 1000 1000 2000 5000 . AB001 AB002 AB003 AB004 Cost 1000 1000 2000 5000 Payment Type Cash Visa Cheque Delta Handling Charge 5.00 5.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B C D E F G H I OR Page 100 of 139 J OR Order No.0) £ 5 £ £ 5 Order No.5.5.0) =IF(OR(E6="Visa".E5="Delta").5.5.E6="Delta"). Normally the OR() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().E4="Delta"). Syntax =OR(Test1. . Syntax =PROPER(TextToConvert) Formatting No special formatting is needed. and all subsequent letters are converted to lower case.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 B C D E F G H PROPER Page 101 of 139 I PROPER Original Text alan jones bob smith caRol wILLIAMS cardiff ABC123 Proper Alan Jones Bob Smith Carol Williams Cardiff Abc123 =PROPER(C4) =PROPER(C5) =PROPER(C6) =PROPER(C7) =PROPER(C8) What Does It Do ? This function converts the first letter of each word to uppercase. Quartile 0 1 =QUARTILE(C4:C8.H12) 1 285. . The Quartile of 0 (zero) is actually lowest value.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Quartile 0 104 =QUARTILE(C12:F16.E6) 3 75 =QUARTILE(C4:C8.2. which can be obtained using the =MIN() function.75 =QUARTILE(C12:F16.H16) What Does It Do ? This function examines a group of values and then shows the values which are of the upper limits of the 1st. The Quartile of 4 is actually highest value.QuartileValue) The QuartileValue can only be 0.E8) Values 817 748 372 487 140 104 756 993 384 607 640 369 294 185 894 767 703 261 491 182 Quarter No.H14) 3 750 =QUARTILE(C12:F16.H13) 2 489 =QUARTILE(C12:F16. Formatting No special formatting is needed.3 or 4.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B C D E F G H I J QUARTILE Page 102 of 139 K QUARTILE Values 1 25 50 75 100 Quarter No.E7) 4 100 =QUARTILE(C4:C8. 3rd and 4th quarters of the data.H15) 4 993 =QUARTILE(C12:F16.1. Syntax =QUARTILE(RangeToBeExamined.E4) 1 25 =QUARTILE(C4:C8.E5) 2 50 =QUARTILE(C4:C8. 2nd. which can be obtained using the =MAX() function. Table 2 Bottles To Pack Item Wine 126 Champagne 200 Rum 15 Beer 250 Bottles Per Crate 12 8 6 20 Crates Needed 10 25 2 12 =QUOTIENT(D39. only showing the whole number.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 B C D E F G QUOTIENT Page 103 of 139 QUOTIENT Number 12 20 46 Divisor 5 3 15 Result 2 6 3 =QUOTIENT(C4.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .5 =D28/E28 Table 2 uses the =QUOTIENT() function to remove the decimal fraction to give the correct result. Table 1 Bottles To Pack Item Wine 126 Champagne 200 Rum 15 Beer 250 Bottles Per Crate 12 8 4 20 Crates Needed 10. Table 1 calculates the crates by simple division. Syntax =QUOTIENT(NumberToBeDivided.D4) =QUOTIENT(C5. Example The following example was used by a drinks merchant to calculate the number of crates which could be packed using bottles in stock.E39) . The merchant can only sell full crates.D6) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the number of times a number can be divided by another number.5 25 3.D5) =QUOTIENT(C6. This however shows decimal fractions which are not needed.Divisor) Formatting No special formatting is needed.75 12. It ignores any remainder. 470048154 0.643985 0.470413 0. Card Clubs 8 Clubs 6 Diamond 9 Spades 13 Clubs 9 Diamond 7 Diamond 4 Clubs 10 Spades 3 Hearts 6 Hearts 4 Diamond 8 Hearts 11 Clubs 3 Clubs 13 Spades 5 Diamond 3 Spades 2 Random 0. 0.246017406 0. The number will change each time the worksheet recalculates.69384832 Random between 5 and 10.081527141 0.216554 0.35782 0.514980251 0. Sort or the Sort button the cards will be shuffled.871322 0.900482579 =RAND()*10 . and =RAND() in column D. Examples The following examples show how the =RAND() function has been used to randomly sort list of information.509387267 0. or when F9 is pressed.363874 0.873676 0.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .033676665 0.553588 0.785578 0.046957199 0.3271973 0.355092067 0. Syntax =RAND() Formatting No special formatting is needed.994874 0.349067691 0. 9.515707 0.439348554 =RAND() Random greater than or equal to 0 but less than 10 9.341954892 0.05326 0.311911804 0.139335 0.335345995 =RAND()*(10-5)+5 What Does It Do ? This function creates a random number >=0 but <1.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H RAND Page 104 of 139 I RAND Random greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1.856447 0.015541199 0.106732479 0.819387 0.001973 0.095410575 0.297254 Lottery 29 34 30 41 40 37 26 32 21 19 7 10 16 8 48 43 44 4 Random 0.414156186 0. The same technique has been used to generate a list of six winning lottery numbers.711289 0. By clicking inside the random numbers and then using Data. A list of cards has been entered in column C.267492005 0. 291660639 0.770590641 0.961545 0.001644 0.541239117 0.440003 0.470214 0.30721 0.948523962 0.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .796056773 0.123509375 0.395385 0.638604 0.67966 0.2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 B C Diamond 6 Clubs 5 Spades 1 Clubs 12 Hearts 10 Hearts 13 Spades 7 Spades 6 Diamond 12 Hearts 3 Hearts 5 Hearts 8 Hearts 1 Diamond 13 Hearts 9 Clubs 4 Diamond 5 Spades 4 Clubs 1 Spades 8 Hearts 7 Diamond 1 Clubs 2 Hearts 2 Diamond 11 Clubs 7 Spades 12 Spades 10 Clubs 11 Diamond 2 Diamond 10 Spades 9 Spades 11 Hearts 12 D 0.948413812 0.59803778 0.111201 0.266826852 0.002265 0.312343 0.832317199 0.395137 0.693049 0.413025276 H RAND Page 105 of 139 I .332788 0.795191797 0.477068478 0.75555 0.756657 0.719186 0.383146 0.403436829 0.555006678 0.949479826 0.66306141 0.983992115 0.951378 0.760536613 0.511231167 0.85205 0.162832741 0.278489477 0.708995 0.79072429 0.483041 0.921425 0.396371 0.159494 0.917102566 0.630368 0.0340956 0.929145 0.600894 E F 3 45 47 49 35 27 1 13 31 5 18 39 23 12 11 20 33 42 24 2 14 25 9 38 15 28 17 6 22 46 36 G 0.326045 0.611459 0.261198 0.800429627 0.937054794 0.300191895 0.414363 0.419488101 0.322293491 0.994045 0.701964711 0.353074 0. C18:C22) =RANK(C21.C11:C15.C18:C22) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the position of a value in a list relative to the other values in the list.C4:C8) =RANK(C8. .1) =RANK(C13.C4:C8) =RANK(C5. Using 1 will rank small numbers at the top. 30 is ranked as 1.1) =RANK(C14. Value 30 20 20 10 Rank 1 2 2 4 =RANK(B34.C11:C15.1) =RANK(C12. 20 and 10 were ranked. and the 10 would be ranked as 4. both 20's are ranked as 2.C11:C15.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H RANK Page 106 of 139 I RANK Ranking Position High to Low 4 5 1 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Values 7 4 25 8 16 =RANK(C4.B34:B37) =RANK(B36.C18:C22) =RANK(C19.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .C11:C15. The ranking can be done on an ascending (low to high) or descending (high to low) basis. (This is optional. Subsequent ranks would not follow on sequentially.C11:C15. If the numbers 30.C4:C8) =RANK(C6.C18:C22) =RANK(C22. they will be assigned the same rank. leaving it out has the same effect). A typical usage would be to rank the times of athletes in a race to find the winner. Using 0 will rank larger numbers at the top. If there are duplicate values in the list. 20.RankOrder) The RankOrder can be 0 zero or 1. but would take into account the fact that there were duplicates.C18:C22) =RANK(C20.1) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Values 10 30 20 30 40 Ranking Position High to Low 5 2 4 2 1 =RANK(C18.B34:B37) Syntax =RANK(NumberToRank.C4:C8) =RANK(C7.B34:B37) =RANK(B37.1) =RANK(C15.B34:B37) =RANK(B35.ListOfNumbers.C4:C8) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Values 7 4 25 8 16 Ranking Position Low to High 2 1 5 3 4 =RANK(C11. The =RANK() function was then used to find their race positions based upon the finishing times.2000 Peter Noneley A 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 B C D Formatting No special formatting is needed.1) =RANK(C58. E F G H RANK Page 107 of 139 I Example The following table was used to record the times for athletes competing in a race.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .C53:C58.1) .1) =RANK(C55.C53:C58. Athlete John Alan David Brian Sue Alex Time 1:30 1:45 1:02 1:36 1:27 1:03 Race Position 4 6 1 5 3 2 =RANK(C53.C53:C58.C53:C58.C53:C58.1) =RANK(C57.1) =RANK(C56.1) =RANK(C54.C53:C58. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H REPLACE Page 108 of 139 I REPLACE Start Characters New Modified Text Original Text Position To Replace Character ABCDEFGH 2 1 x AxCDEFGH =REPLACE(C4,D4,E4,F4) ABCDEFGH 2 5 x AxGH =REPLACE(C5,D5,E5,F5) ABCDEFGH 2 1 hello AhelloCDEFGH =REPLACE(C6,D6,E6,F6) ABCDEFGH 2 5 hello AhelloGH =REPLACE(C7,D7,E7,F7) What Does It Do ? This function replaces a portion of text with a new piece of text. You need to specify where the replacement should start, how many characters to remove and what the new replacement text should be. Syntax =REPLACE(OriginalText,StartPosition,NumberOfCharactersToReplace,NewText) Formatting No special formatting is needed. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H RIGHT Page 109 of 139 I RIGHT Original Text Alan Jones Alan Jones Alan Jones Cardiff ABC123 Number Of Characters Required 1 2 3 6 4 Right String s es nes ardiff C123 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 =RIGHT(C4,D4) =RIGHT(C5,D5) =RIGHT(C6,D6) =RIGHT(C7,D7) =RIGHT(C8,D8) What Does It Do ? This function displays a specified number of characters from the right hand side of a piece of text. Syntax =RIGHT(OriginalText,NumberOfCharactersRequired) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Example The following table was used to extract the second name of a person from their full name. The =FIND() function locates the position of the space between the first and second name. The length of the second name is calculated by subtracting the position of the space from the overall length of the full name. The =RIGHT() function can then extract the second name. Full Name Second Name Alan Jones Jones =RIGHT(C28,LEN(C28)-FIND(" ",C28)) Bob Smith Smith =RIGHT(C29,LEN(C29)-FIND(" ",C29)) Carol Williams Williams =RIGHT(C30,LEN(C30)-FIND(" ",C30)) Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 B C D E F G H ROMAN Page 110 of 139 I ROMAN Number 1 2 3 5 10 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 Roman I II III V X MCMXCVIII MCMXCVIII MLMVLIII MXMVIII MVMIII MVMIII MCMXCVIII MVMIII =ROMAN(C4) =ROMAN(C5) =ROMAN(C6) =ROMAN(C7) =ROMAN(C8) =ROMAN(C9) =ROMAN(C10,0) =ROMAN(C11,1) =ROMAN(C12,2) =ROMAN(C13,3) =ROMAN(C14,4) =ROMAN(C15,TRUE) =ROMAN(C16,FALSE) What Does It Do ? This function produces a number shown as Roman numerals in various formats. Syntax =ROMAN(NormalNumber,RomanNumberFormat) The RomanNumberFormat can be any of the following. 0 is Classic. This is used if no format is specified. 1 is more Concise. 2 is even more Concise. 3 is even more Concise still. 4 is Simplified. TRUE is Classic FALSE is Simplified Formatting No special formatting is needed. Note There is no function to do the opposite calculation of Roman to normal. 47589 13643.D6) -1 13640 =ROUND(C7.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .48 =ROUND(C6.DecimalPlacesToUse) Formatting No special formatting is needed.D5) 2 1.47589 13643.47589 1.5 =ROUND(C5.D9) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number 1.47589 13643.D4) 1 1.D7) -2 13600 =ROUND(C8.D8) -3 14000 =ROUND(C9.47589 What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number to a specified amount od decimal places.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H ROUND Page 111 of 139 I ROUND Places To Rounded Round Number 0 1 =ROUND(C4. If 0 is used the number is rounded to the nearest whole number. Syntax =ROUND(NumberToRound.47589 1. If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded. . 2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H I ROUNDDOWN Page 112 of 139 J ROUNDDOWN Places To Rounded Round Down 0 1 =ROUNDDOWN(C4. If 0 is used the number is rounded down to the nearest whole number.47589 13643.48 13643.47589 1.D9) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number 1.4 =ROUNDDOWN(C5.48 13643. Syntax =ROUNDDOWN(NumberToRound. .48 What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number down to a specified amount of decimal places. If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded.D8) -3 13000 =ROUNDDOWN(C9.D5) 2 1.D4) 1 1.47589 1.DecimalPlacesToUse) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .D7) -2 13600 =ROUNDDOWN(C8.D6) -1 13640 =ROUNDDOWN(C7.47 =ROUNDDOWN(C6. 5 =ROUNDUP(C5.D5) 2 1.D7) -2 13700 =ROUNDUP(C8. If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded.48 What Does It Do ? This function rounds a number up to a specified amount of decimal places.D9) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number 1.48 13643.47589 1.D8) -3 14000 =ROUNDUP(C9.48 13643.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . If 0 is used the number is rounded up to the nearest whole number.D6) -1 13650 =ROUNDUP(C7.DecimalPlacesToUse) Formatting No special formatting is needed.48 =ROUNDUP(C6. . Syntax =ROUNDUPNumberToRound.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H I ROUNDUP Page 113 of 139 J ROUNDUP Places To Rounded Round Up 0 2 =ROUNDUP(C4.47589 1.D4) 1 1.47589 13643. The =MINUTES() function calculates the total number of minutes. The =CEILING() function rounds the seconds up to the nearest muliple of 5.10 =CEILING(SECOND(C36).51 1.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 B C D E F G SECOND Page 114 of 139 H SECOND Number 13/Mar/13 07:58:18 12:00:00 PM 0.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Syntax =SECOND(Number) Formatting The result will be shown as a normal number between 0 and 59.50 0. Cost Per Second : £0. Only the fraction part of the number is used as it is this which relates to time of day.5) . Example The following table was used by a telephone compnay to calculate the cost of a call.01 Duration 0:01:08 0:02:03 0:01:47 Billed Duration Minutes Seconds Cost 1 10 £0. The seconds in a call are rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5 before the bill is calculated.51 Second 18 0 0 24 24 =SECOND(C4) =SECOND(C5) =SECOND(C6) =SECOND(C7) =SECOND(C8) What Does It Do? The function will show the second of the minute based upon a time or a number. The telephone company only deals in seconds which are a multiple of 5.25 1 50 £1.70 2 5 £1. The =SECOND() function calculates the total number of seconds. The Cost of the call is then calculated. The Duration of the call is entered. . Syntax =SIGN(CellToTest) The CellToTest can be a cell or a calculation. If the value is negative the result is -1. If the value is positive the result is 1. If the value is zero 0 the result is 0. Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 B C D E F G H I SIGN Page 115 of 139 J SIGN Value 10 20 0 -10 -20 Positive or Negative 1 1 0 -1 -1 =SIGN(C4) =SIGN(C5) =SIGN(C6) =SIGN(C7) =SIGN(C8) What Does It Do ? This function tests a value to determine whether it is positive or negative. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .1) =SMALL(C4:C8.1) =SMALL(D24:F27.000 £10.000 £5.2) =SMALL(D24:F27.800 £3. Syntax =SMALL(ListOfNumbersToExamine. Example The following table was used to calculate the bottom 3 sales figures between Jan. Feb and Mar.500 Mar £4.000 £4.000 £3.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 B C D E F G H SMALL Page 116 of 139 I SMALL Values 120 800 100 120 250 Lowest Value 2nd Lowest Value 3rd Lowest Value 4th Lowest Value 5th Lowest Value 100 120 120 250 800 =SMALL(C4:C8.500 £12.000 £6.000 =MAX(D24:F27) =MIN(D24:F27) . Sales North South East West Jan £5.4) =SMALL(C4:C8.000 £2.000 £7.000 =SMALL(D24:F27.5) What Does It Do ? This function examines a list of values and picks the value at a user specified position in the list.000 £2.000 Feb £6.000 £2.2) =SMALL(C4:C8.3) Lowest Value 2nd Lowest Value 3rd Lowest Value Note Another way to find the Highest and Lowest values would have been to use the =MAX() and =MIN() functions.3) =SMALL(C4:C8. Highest Lowest £12.500 £3.PositionToPickFrom) Formatting No special formatting is needed.000 £3. 3 4 Jan Feb Mar 5 Alan 100 200 300 6 Bob 400 500 600 7 Carol 700 800 900 8 Total 1200 1500 1800 F SOUTH Page 117 of 139 Total 600 1500 2400 4500 .Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 2 Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function.2000 Peter Noneley A B C D E 1 Southern data. 5 =STDEV(C4:C7) Values 10 10 11 10 0.6 1. =MATCH(MIN(H34:H36).Range3 through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . At the end of the day four boxes of soap powder were picked at random from the production of each machine. The machine with the smallest deviation was the most consistent.MATCH(MIN(H34:H36). A sample population is used when the list of values represents a sample of a population.7 1.H34:H36.5 1. Example The table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machine to pack washing powder.0816 1.5 1.1291 The smallest deviation is : 0.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 B C D E F G H I STDEV Page 118 of 139 J K STDEV Values 10 10 9 10 0.5 0.Range2. =MIN(H34:H36) This finds the position of the lowest value.0)) find the machine name.5 1. .6 1.0) This looks down the Machine column to =INDEX(C34:C36. The boxes were weighed and the =STDEV() function used as these boxes only represented a sample of the complete days production.4 1.5 1. Three machines were short listed and allow to run for a day.5 0.0500 Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3 =STDEV(D34:G34) =STDEV(D35:G35) =STDEV(D36:G36) =MIN(H34:H36) The machine with the smallest deviation is : Machine 2 =INDEX(C34:C36.5 =STDEV(E4:E7) Values 10 11 9 12 1.H34:H36.H34:H36.8 0.0500 1.MATCH(MIN(H34:H36).4 1.0)) Explanation of formula: This finds the lowest value. Syntax =STDEV(Range1.2909944 =STDEV(G4:G7) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the sample population standard deviation of a list of values. Soap Powder Box Filling Machine Test Results Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Variance 1. 5 1.8 0.433013 =STDEVP(C4:C7) Values 10 10 11 10 0. A trial run of just four boxes per machine were produced.7 1. ???????????????????? Soap Powder Box Filling Machine Test Results Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Variance 1. Syntax =STDEVP(Range1.0433 Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3 =STDEVP(D32:G32) =STDEVP(D33:G33) =STDEVP(D34:G34) =MIN(H32:H34) The machine with the smallest variance is : Machine 2 =INDEX(C32:C34.Range3 through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed. The boxes were weighed and the =STDEVP() function used as these boxes represented the entire test run.0)) Explanation of formula: This finds the lowest value.6 1.H32:H34.5 1. The machine with the smallest variance was the most consistent.1118 The smallest variance is : 0.433013 =STDEVP(E4:E7) Values 10 11 9 12 1.0) This looks down the Machine column to =INDEX(C32:C34.4 1.118034 =STDEVP(G4:G7) What Does It Do ? This function calculates the standard deviation of a list of values. Example The table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machine to pack washing powder.MATCH(MIN(H32:H34). .0707 1.6 1.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .5 1. =MATCH(MIN(H32:H34).2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 B C D E F G H I STDEVP Page 119 of 139 J K STDEVP Values 10 10 9 10 0. =(MIN(H32:H34) This finds the position of the lowest value.4 1.H32:H34.MATCH(MIN(H32:H34).Range2.H32:H34. The result is calculated on the basis that the values represent the entire population.0433 1.5 1.0)) find the machine name.5 0.5 0. C6. =LOWER() or =PROPER() to ensure that the substitution will take place.D39) Table 2 shows how the =PROPER() function has been used to take account of the mixed cases. Table 2 Old Text New Text To Remove To Insert Original Text Northern Region Region Area Updated Text Northern Area .C4.D4) ABCDABCD CD hello ABhelloABhello =SUBSTITUTE(B5.E11) What Does It Do ? This function replaces a specified piece of text with a different piece of text.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 B C D E F G SUBSTITUTE Page 120 of 139 H SUBSTITUTE Old Text New Text To Remove To Insert Original Text Updated Text ABCDEF CD hello ABhelloEF =SUBSTITUTE(B4.D6) Sand and Cement and & S& & Cement =SUBSTITUTE(B7.E10) =SUBSTITUTE(B11.D7) Old Text New Text To Remove To Insert Original Text ABCABCABC ABC hello Sand and Cement and & Instance To Be Replaced 3 2 Updated Text ABCABChello Sand & Cement =SUBSTITUTE(B10. Table 1 shows how differing text cases alter the result of the substitution.C39.C7. Formatting No special formatting is needed.C11.D10. or a specific instance.D11.InstanceToUse) The InstanceToUse is optional. Syntax =SUBSTITUTE(OriginalText. The function is case sensitive. It can either replace all occurrences of the text.TextToInsert.TextToRemove.C10. Note To cope with upper or lower case in the substitution you can use other text functions such as =UPPER(). Table 1 Old Text New Text To Remove To Insert Original Text Updated Text Northern Region Region Area Northern Area Northern region Region Area Northern region Northern Region region Area Northern Region Northern Region Region area Northern area Northern Region region area Northern Region =SUBSTITUTE(B39. if it is omitted all instances will be substituted.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .C5.D5) Northern Region Region Area Northern Area =SUBSTITUTE(B6. PROPER(D50)) SUBSTITUTE Page 121 of 139 H .PROPER(C50).2000 Peter Noneley A 47 48 49 50 51 B Northern region Northern Region Northern Region Northern Region C D E F G Region Area Northern Area region Area Northern Area Region area Northern Area region area Northern Area =SUBSTITUTE(PROPER(B50).Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 100 200 300 . The formula is actually doing more work than needed. This example shows how the SUM has been combined with plus + symbols. ranges are from other functions. It can be used either horizontally or vertically.D14. through to Range30)..E17:E19) 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 =SUM(AVERAGE(C23:C25).Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . It should have been entered as either =C48+C49+C50 or =SUM(C48:C50).2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I SUM Page 122 of 140 J SUM Horizontal 100 Vertical 100 200 300 600 200 300 600 =SUM(C4:E4) =SUM(C7:C9) Single Cells 100 200 Multiple Ranges 100 200 3000 300 600 =SUM(C13. Formatting No special formatting is needed.E13) 400 500 600 4800 Functions =SUM(C17:C19. Syntax =SUM(Range1.. Note Many people use the =SUM() function incorrectly.Range3.MAX(E23:E25)) What Does It Do ? This function creates a total from a list of numbers.Range2. The numbers can be in single cells. Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 B C 600 D E =SUM(C48+C49+C50) =SUM(C48:C50) =C48+C49+C50 F G Wrong! Correct Correct H I SUM Page 123 of 140 J . It works because the first reference uses dollar symbols $ to keep $D$7 static as the formula is copied down.0)) =SUM(IF(D12.0)) =SUM(IF(D11.$D$7:D12.$D$7:D9. The function can be tidied up to show 0 zero when there is no adjacent value by using the =IF() function. .0)) =SUM(IF(D10.0)) The =SUM() only takes place when there is data in column D.$D$7:D10.$D$7:D11.0)) =SUM(IF(D8. Each occurrence of the =SUM() then adds all the numbers from the first cell down.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B C D E F G H SUM_as_Running_Total Page 124 of 139 I J SUM (Running Total) Using =SUM() For A Running Total Running Total 10 60 90 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sales 10 50 30 20 =SUM($D$7:D7) =SUM($D$7:D8) =SUM($D$7:D9) =SUM($D$7:D10) =SUM($D$7:D11) =SUM($D$7:D12) =SUM($D$7:D13) =SUM($D$7:D14) =SUM($D$7:D15) =SUM($D$7:D16) =SUM($D$7:D17) =SUM($D$7:D18) Type the formula =SUM($D$7:D7) in cell E7 and then copy down the table.$D$7:D7.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .$D$7:D8.0)) =SUM(IF(D9. Otherwise the value 0 zero is entered. Running Total 10 60 90 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sales 10 50 30 20 =SUM(IF(D7. Using =OFFSET() Twice In A Formula The following examples use =OFFSET() to pick both the start and end of the range which needs to be totalled. An example would be when a total is required from certain months of the year. such as the last 3 months in relation to the current date.1)) The cell E45 has been used as the starting point for both offsets and each has been offset by just 1 column. The result is that just cell F45 is used as the range F45:F45 for the sum function to calculate. By giving the =OFFSET() the address of the first cell in the range which needs to be totalled. 910 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(E34:OFFSET(E34. One solution would be to retype the calculation each time new data is entered.1):OFFSET(E45. The =OFFSET() needs to know three things.0.0.0. A better way is to indicate the start and end point of the range to be calculated by using the =OFFSET() function.1)) This example uses E29 as the starting point and offsets 1 col to pick out cell F29 resulting in a the range E29:F29 being summed. Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May 400 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(OFFSET(E45. The =OFFSET() picks out a cell a certain number of cells away from another cell. Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May 10 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(E24:OFFSET(E24.2)) This example uses E34 as the starting point and offsets 2 cols to pick out cell G34 resulting in a the range E34:G34 being summed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . How many columns it should look left or right from the starting point. 3. we can then indicate how far away the end cell should be and the =OFFSET() will give us the address of cell which will be the end of the range to be totalled. How many rows it should look up or down from the starting point. A cell address to use as the fixed point from where it should base the offset. .0)) This example uses E24 as the starting point and offsets no rows or columns which results in the range being summed as E24:E24. but this would be time consuming and open to human error. 410 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(E29:OFFSET(E29.0. 1.0. 2.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I SUM_with_OFFSET Page 125 of 139 J SUM and the =OFFSET function Sometimes it is necessary to base a calculation on a set of cells in different locations. To calculate the total of a specific group of months the =OFFSET() function has been used.0. but they will update as you enter dates into cells F71 and F72. Formula 1 =SUM( OFFSET(D79.0.2000 Peter Noneley A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 B SUM_with_OFFSET Page 126 of 139 J C D E F G H I 900 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(OFFSET(E51.0.0.MONTH(2)) : OFFSET(D79.1):OFFSET(E57. These values are the 'offsets' relative to cell D79.1):OFFSET(E51. Formula 4 =SUM( F79:G79 ) This shows how the =OFFSET eventually equates to cell addresses to be used as a range for the =SUM function.MONTH(F72)) ) This is the actual formula entered by the user. the second by 3 columns. Example The following table shows five months of data. the second by 2 columns.2)) The cell E51 has been used as the starting point of both offsets. the first offset is offset by 1 column.0.MONTH(F71)) : OFFSET(D79.2) : OFFSET(D79.0. In this example the values of the months are 2 and 3 for Feb and Mar. Type in the Start month. Formula 2 =SUM( OFFSET(D79.3)) The cell E57 has been used as the starting point for both offsets.0.0. Type in the End month.0.0.MONTH(F72))) Explanation The following formula represent a breakdown of what the =OFFSET function does. Total 900 1020 Jan-98 10 15 Feb-98 Mar-98 Feb-98 400 20 Mar-98 500 1000 Apr-98 600 2000 May-98 700 3000 13 5 3 10 800 900 =SUM(OFFSET(D79. the first offset is offset by 1 column. 1500 10 400 500 600 700 =SUM(OFFSET(E57. The formula displayed below are only dummies.MONTH(F71)):OFFSET(D79. . The result is the range F51:G51 which is then totalled. Formula 3 =SUM( OFFSET(D79.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .0. The result is the range F57:H57 which is then totalled. The Start and End dates entered in cells F71 and F72 are used as the offset to produce a range which can be totalled.MONTH(3)) ) This shows how the =MONTH function calculates the month number.3) ) This shows where the month numbers are used in the =OFFSET function.0. E4:E12) =SUMIF(C4:C12. What Does It Do ? This function adds the value of items which match criteria set by the user.E18."Tyres".CriteriaToBeMatched.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B C D E F G H SUMIF Page 127 of 139 I SUMIF Item Brakes Tyres Brakes Service Service Window Tyres Tyres Clutch Date 1-Jan-98 10-May-98 1-Feb-98 1-Mar-98 5-Jan-98 1-Jun-98 1-Apr-98 1-Mar-98 1-May-98 Cost 80 25 80 150 300 50 200 100 250 160 325 1000 service 450 =SUMIF(C4:C12. Syntax =SUMIF(RangeOfThingsToBeExamined. =SUMIF(E4:E12. It then identifies the entries for Brakes.E4:E12) Total cost of all Brakes bought.">=100") =SUMIF(C4:C12. Total cost of all Tyres bought.E4:E12) =SUMIF(E4:E12. Total of item typed in following cell.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Total of items costing £100 or above."Brakes".">=100") Formatting No special formatting is needed. . It then totals the respective figures in E4:E12 This examines the values in E4:E12.E4:E12) This examines the names of products in C4:C12.RangeOfValuesToTotal) =SUMIF(C4:C12. If the value is >=100 the value is added to the total."Brakes". D35:D39) =SUMPRODUCT(C35:C39.00 9.00 16.50 25% =D39/E39 Bottle Selling Price 15. The merchant needed to know the total purchase value of the stock.00 130.00 25% 13.13 =F39+F39*G39 Total Value Of Stock : Total Selling Price Of Stock : Profit : 7.00 25% 33.00 2. and the potential value of the stock when it is sold.E35:E39. to calculate the potential value of the stock if it is all sold. Range3 through to Range30) Formatting No special formatting is needed.33 80% 2. The =SUMPRODUCT() function is used to multiply the Cases In Stock with the Bottles In Case and the Bottle Setting Price.00 200.25 60.E4:E6) Total Sales Value : What Does It Do ? This function uses at least two columns of values.40 3.00 24.790. The total of all the values is the result of the calculation.00 30. Example The following table was used by a drinks merchant to keep track of stock.350.H35:H39) =E44-E43 .00 =SUMPRODUCT(C35:C39. takinging into account the markup percentage. The values in the first column are multipled with the corresponding value in the second column. Product Red Wine White Wine Champagne Beer Lager Cases In Stock 10 8 5 50 100 Case Price 120. Syntax =SUMPRODUCT(Range1.00 2. Range.440.00 Bottles In Case 10 10 6 12 12 Bottle Cost Markup 12.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The =SUMPRODUCT() function is used to multiply the Cases In Stock with the Case Price to calculate what the merchant spent in buying the stock.00 20% 2.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 B C D E F G H SUMPRODUCT Page 128 of 139 I SUMPRODUCT Item Tyres Filters Bulbs Sold 5 2 3 price 100 10 2 526 =SUMPRODUCT(D4:D6. then the text is the result of the function If the value is not text. but is included for compatibility with other spreadsheet programs. . The function is not specifically needed by Excel. If the value is text.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Syntax =T(CellToTest) Formatting No special formatting is needed. the result is a blank.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B C D E F G H I T Page 129 of 139 J T Cell To Test Hello 10 1-Jan-98 Result Hello =T(D4) =T(D5) =T(D6) =T(D7) What Does It Do ? This function examines an entry to determine whether it is text or not. "£0") =TEXT(C8. Syntax =TEXT(NumberToConvert.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . The formatting for the text needs to be specified in the function.3 £10.25 10."£0."£0.FormatForConversion) Formatting No special formatting is required.00 10 £10 10.00") =TEXT(C5."0.3 =TEXT(C4.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 B C D E F G H I TEXT Page 130 of 139 J TEXT Original Number 10 10 10 10 10.0") What Does It Do ? This function converts a number to a piece of text. ."0") =TEXT(C7.0") =TEXT(C9."0.00") =TEXT(C6.25 Converted To Text 10.00 £10. 60485 =TIME(C4.D5. .Second) Formatting The result will be shown as a time which can be formatted either as 12 or 24 hour style. If a normal number format is applied a decimal fraction is shown which represents the time as a fraction of the day.D4.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 B C D E F G H TIME Page 131 of 139 I TIME Hour 14 14 14 Minute 30 30 30 Second 59 59 59 Time 14:30:59 2:30:59 PM 0.E5) =TIME(C6.E6) What Does It Do? This function will convert three separate numbers to an actual time.Minute. Syntax =TIME(Hour.E4) =TIME(C5.D6.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Formatting can be applied for either the 12 or 24 hour clock system.604849537 14:30:59 2:30:59 PM =TIMEVALUE(C4) =TIMEVALUE(C5) =TIMEVALUE(C6) What Does It Do? This function will show an actual time based on a piece of text which looks like a time.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . It is useful when data is imported from other applications. such as from mainframe computers.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 B C D E F G TIMEVALUE Page 132 of 139 H TIMEVALUE Text 14:30:59 14:30:59 14:30:59 Time 0. which convert all values to text. . Syntax =TIMEVALUE(Text) Formatting The result will be shown as a number representing the time a fraction of the day. To calculate a result which includes the current date an extra 1 will need to be added. Syntax =TODAY() Formatting The result will normally be displayed using the DD-MMM-YY format.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 B C D E F G TODAY Page 133 of 139 TODAY Today Is 13-Mar-13 =TODAY() What Does It Do? Use this to show the current date. Example The following example shows how the Today function is used to calculate the number of days since a particular day.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Year 2000 01-Jan-2000 Days Until -4820 =C36-TODAY() . Date 1-Jan-97 10-Aug-97 Days Since 5915 5694 =TODAY()-C20 =TODAY()-C21 Note that the result is actually the number of days before todays date. Date 1-Jan-97 10-Aug-97 Days Since 5916 5695 =TODAY()-C28+1 =TODAY()-C29+1 Example The following example shows the number of days from today until the year 2000. Syntax =TRANSPOSE(Range) Formatting No special formatting is needed. Next type the formula. The transpose range must be the same size as the original range.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 B C D E F G H I TRANSPOSE Page 134 of 139 J TRANSPOSE Alan Bob Carol Total 0 Jan Feb Jan 10 40 70 120 Alan 10 30 Feb 30 50 80 160 Bob 40 50 Carol 70 80 Total 120 160 {=TRANSPOSE(C3:E7)} As an array formula in all these cells What Does It Do ? This function copies data from a range. The function needs to be entered as an array formula. such as =TRANSPOSE(A1:A5). To enter an array formula you must first highlight all the cells where the formula is required. and places in it in a new range.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . If changes need to be made to the formula. and the data originally in rows is in columns. Finally press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to confirm it. turning it so that the data originally in columns is now in rows. the entire array has to be highlighted. the edits can then be made and the Ctrl+Shift+Enter used to confirm it. . .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 B C D E F G H TRIM Page 135 of 139 I TRIM Original Text ABCD A B C D Alan Jones ABCD Trimmed Text ABCD ABCD Alan Jones ABCD =TRIM(C4) =TRIM(C5) =TRIM(C6) =TRIM(C7) What Does It Do ? This function removes unwanted spaces from a piece of text. The spaces before and after the text will be removed completely. Multiple spaces within the text will be trimmed to a single space Syntax =TRIM(TextToTrim) Formatting No special formatting is needed.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . 47589 13643.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .48 13643. .47589 1.48 13643.47 =TRUNC(C6.D5) 2 1.47 =TRUNC(C8.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 B C D E F G H I TRUNC Page 136 of 139 J TRUNC Precision For Truncated Truncation Number 0 1 =TRUNC(C4.D11) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number 1.47589 -1.D10) -3 13000 =TRUNC(C11.4 =TRUNC(C7.D9) -2 13600 =TRUNC(C10.D4) 1 1.47589 1.D8) -1 13640 =TRUNC(C9.D7) 2 -1.48 What Does It Do ? This function removes the decimal part of a number.D6) 1 -1. it does not actually round the number. Syntax =TRUNC(NumberToTuncate.4 =TRUNC(C5.47589 -1.Precision) Formatting No special formatting is needed. .2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B C D E F G UPPER Page 137 of 139 H UPPER Original Text alan jones bob smith carOl wiLLiamS cardiff abc123 Upper Case ALAN JONES BOB SMITH CAROL WILLIAMS CARDIFF ABC123 =UPPER(C4) =UPPER(C5) =UPPER(C6) =UPPER(C7) =UPPER(C8) What Does It Do ? This function converts all characters in a piece of text to upper case.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . Example See the example for FREQUENCY. Syntax =UPPER(TextToConvert) Formatting No special formatting is needed. as alphabetic characters will be included. The main problem is calculating the length of the value to extract. The same will be true for other recognised formats." The winning time was 1:30 seconds. two or three digits long. The only way to identify the value is the fact it always ends with the % sign.5 A 100% increase was achieved. 50% There was a 100% increase in sales.5)) What Does It Do ? This function converts a piece of text which resembles a number into an actual value. If the original text format appears as a time hh:mm the result will be a time.SEARCH("??:??". If the % sign is included in the text.SEARCH("??:??". The winning time was 1:30 seconds.2000 Peter Noneley A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 C D E F G VALUE Page 138 of 140 H VALUE Text Containing A Number Annual turnover was £5000 Value #VALUE! =VALUE(MID(C4. =LEFT() or =RIGHT(). based upon the original text. 0. If the extraction assumes the maximum length of three digits and the % sign.SEARCH("???%". Now when the extraction takes place any unnecessary characters will be spaces which are ignored by the =VALUE() function.C15). Explanation of formula shown above.SEARCH("£".SEARCH("??:??". 0. 0. There is no way to identify the beginning of the value. If the £ sign is included in the text it will be ignored.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 .0625 1:30 10:30 0:30 ")).C16).5)) =VALUE(MID(C17. The winning time was 0:30 seconds. 1 Only a 2% increase in sales." ".C4).SEARCH("??:??". 2% Approx 50% increase in sales.4)) =VALUE(MID(C14." ". The winning time was 10:30 seconds. the result will be a decimal fraction which can then be formatted as a percentage. If the number in the middle of a long piece of text it will have to be extracted using other text functions such as =SEARCH(). Syntax =VALUE(TextToConvert) Formatting No special formatting is needed.02 There was a 50% increase in sales.5)) =VALUE(MID(C15. =FIND()." "). To extract the values from the following text is complicated! The actual percentage value is of variable length.5)) =VALUE(MID(C16. =VALUE(MID(SUBSTITUTE(C11. To get around the problem the =SUBSTITUTE() function was used to increase the size of the spaces in the text.C17).SUBSTITUTE(C11.C14). The result will be shown as a value. 0.02 . 100% * See explanation below. =MID(). errors will occur when the percentage is only one digit long. There was a 2% increase in sales. it can be either one.99)) There was a 2% increase in sales. other than it is preceded by a space. =SUBSTITUTE. 2000 Peter Noneley A B 51 52 53 54 C There was a 50% increase in sales.4)) .SEARCH("???%".Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . There was a 100% increase in sales." D 0." "." E F G VALUE Page 139 of 140 H ")). =VALUE(MID(SUBSTITUTE(C52.SUBSTITUTE(C52.5 1 ")." ". Bob Jan 10 Feb 80 Mar 97 . It then calculates the position of the month in the list.FALSE) What Does It Do ? This function scans down the row headings at the side of a table to find a specified item.Excel Function Dictionary © 1998 . so and extra 1 is added to compensate. col 1 col 2 col 3 col 4 col 5 col 6 Jan Feb Mar 10 80 97 20 90 69 30 100 45 40 110 51 50 120 77 Type a month to look for : Which column needs to be picked out : The result is : Feb 4 100 =VLOOKUP(G11. The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the row headings at the left hand side. it then scans across to pick a cell entry. When the item is found. The problem arises when we need to scan across to find the month column.SortedOrUnsorted) The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user.C6:H8. The =MATCH() looks through the list of names to find the month we require. Formatting No special formatting is needed. Syntax =VLOOKUP(ItemToFind.G12.ColumnToPickFrom. because the list of months is not as wide as the lookup range. Example 1 This table is used to find a value based on a specified name and month. The =VLOOKUP() is used to scan down to find the name. the =MATCH() number is 1 less than we require.2000 Peter Noneley A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C D E F G H I VLOOKUP Page 139 of 139 J VLOOKUP The column numbers are not needed. The =VLOOKUP() now uses this =MATCH() number to look across the columns and picks out the correct cell entry. FALSE for no. TRUE for yes. The =VLOOKUP() uses FALSE at the end of the function to indicate to Excel that the row headings are not sorted.RangeToLookIn. The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. they are part of the illustration. Unfortunately. The ColumnToPickFrom is how far across the table the function should look to pick from. To solve the problem the =MATCH() function is used.
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