ePdcch

LTE Advanced - eCCE/ePDCCHWhy eCCE/ePDCCH ? eCCE/ePDCCH is a new type of resource allocation for contron channel information. In engineering, w introduce anything new, usually we would have some reason (or motivation) on why we need the ne Same thing applies to eCCE/ePDCCH. So our first question would be 'why we need this new type of r allocation ?'. Main reason (motivation) would be illustrated as below and we may have some additional advantage adopting this new method. By adopting this method, we may enjoy some additional advantage and followings are those advanta  decrease interference between control region from different cells  increase the reliability of reception by applying BeamForming How can we descrease interference between control region from different cells ? With ePDDCH, we c control information for each user in such a way that ePDCCH for different users locate far away from to minimize the interference. What does it mean by 'increase the reliability of reception by applying BeamForming' ? Since ePDCC area where PDSCH is located and each ePDCCH is UE specific, we may apply BeamForming technolo would increase the reliability of signal reception. Can we complete remove the CFI overhead ? If we can move the PDCCH data to PDSCH area, can we completely remove the overhead caused by (or 1,2) ? We don't have any new mechanism to move other area.110} for n prefix or p = {107.4A/6.211 6. Importan notice is that ePDCCH is allocated in those symbols allocated for PDSCH for conventional LTE.8A and) eREG to RE Mapping 36. There are a couple of reason for this. Second.2.108} for extended cyclic prefix. But these can be a good reference for you to get general idea. Resource Allocation for ePDCCH Following diagrams are from TDoc R-112517 Discussion on ePDCCH Design Issues (3GPP TSG-RAN1 meeting). in a physical resource-block pair cyclically from 0 . It doesn't mean that all of these con adopted by TS specification.108. First. Eventuall 3GPP Rel 11 adopted ePDCCH.2. we still need the symbol 0 for PCFICH and PHICH.4A describes as follows : There are (1)16 EREGs. numbered from 0 to 15. except resource elements carrying DM-RS for antenna ports p = {107. even with ePDCCH we cannot move the control information allocated in Common Search Sp still need to allocate a certain amount of the space in conventional way.The answer is 'NO'. per physical resource block pair. This shows some possible idea of designing ePDCCH. It seems that 3GPP adopted the (a) Pure FDM (Refere to 36 6. Number al elements.109. then time. 3GPP defines another mapping algorithm called 'distribute distributed mapping. It implies that this kind of RE map be vulnerable noise or fading. These mapping method are called Transmissio is configured by IE transmissionType-r11. < eREG to RE Mapping for Normal Subframe > There are two different ways of mapping eREG to RE. you would recognize the pattern relatively easily and in this way you wou the REs in the same eREG would clustered in the same frequency. Following is an example of localized mapping (transmission type) for FDD and normal subframe of TD Following is an example of localized mapping (transmission type) special subframe config 1 and 6 of < eREG to RE Mapping for Special Subframe Config 1 and 6 > . One is called 'localized' and the other is called 'distributed' Following is one example that shows the 'Localized' transmission type. REs in an eREG is scattered in much random fashion so that they can have mor to noise and fading. Due to this.increasing order of first frequency. Even though the RE location f is pretty much scrambled. Some of these are straightforw of them would need a lot of effort to completely understand the concept down to the physical layer.1. See TS 36.213 . updating as I get more understanding on details. EPDCCH-SetConfig : Provides EPDCCH configuration set. E-UTRAN configures .9.RRC Aspect of eCCE/ePDCCH Following is the overall RRC message structure to configure ePDCCH.4. 2. setConfigId : Indicates the identity of the EPDCCH configuration set. < PRB-pair indication for EPDCCH : 36.1.213 9. V corresponds to 2 physical resource-block pairs. resourceBlockAssignment : Indicates the index to a specific combination of physical resource-block p EPDCCH set. and 4 are applicable otherw UTRAN does not configure the field for UEs configured with tm10. Values 2. except for predefined rules in TS 36. If not present.213-9. Heterogeneous Networks in LTE .1.4.4> numberPRB-Pairs : Indicates the number of physical resource-block pairs used for the EPDCCH set. See TS 36.1> startSymbol : Indicates the OFDM starting symbol for any EPDCCH and PDSCH scheduled by EPDCCH same cell.4.213 9.1.213 .1. The size of resourceBlockAssignment is specified in TS 36.1.211-6.4. n4 corresponds to 4 physical resource-block pairs an Value n8 is not supported if dl-Bandwidth is set to 6 resource blocks.4. 3. Values 1.4.1. < EPDCCH Starting Position : 36.EPDCCHSetConfig when EPDCCH-Config is configured. see TS 36.9. and applicable for dl-Bandwidth greater than 10 resource blocks.1.213 based on numberPRB-Pairs and the signalled value of dl-Bandwidth. subframePatternConfig : Configures the subframes which the UE shall monitor the UE-specific search EPDCCH.4.213-9.213 9.4. the UE shall release the configuration and shall der starting OFDM symbol of EPDCCH and PDSCH scheduled by EPDCCH from PCFICH. transmissionType : Indicates whether distributed or localized EPDCCH transmission mode is used as 36.8A. If the field is not configured when EPDCCH the UE shall monitor the UE-specific search space on EPDCCH in all subframes except for pre-defined 36.1. The RN is co Donor eNB (DeNB) via the Un radio interface. See Figure 2. masterltefaster. . while maintaining it as a homogeneous network. femto-cells. and the femto-cell is only used for C is a risk of interference between the femto-cell and the surrounding network. This solution is still possible in LTE. which is based on the LTE Uu interface. Operators have met this challenge by incre with new radio spectrum. lis decreasing base station power. When the fre on Uu and Un for the RN are the same.g. The Relay Node (RN) is another type of low-power base station added to the LTE R10 specifications.com and Keith Mallin WiseHarbor Effective network planning is essential to cope with the increasing number of mobile broadband data subscriber bandwidth-intensive services competing for limited radio resources. and from the DeNB’s view the RN will be seen as a UE. One way to expand an existing macro-network. adding multi-antenna techniques and implementing more efficient modulation and co However. See Figure 2. in office premises.by Jeanette Wannstrom. The HeNB (Home eNB) was introduced in LTE Rele is a low power eNB which is mainly used to provide indoor coverage. for Closed Subscriber Groups ( example. reducing the site-to-site distance in the macro-n only be pursued to a certain extent because finding new macro-sites becomes increasingly difficult and can be e especially in city centres. An alternative is to introduce small cells through the addition of low-power base statio HeNBs or Relay Nodes (RNs)) or Remote Radio Heads (RRH) to existing macro-eNBs. Small cells are primarily added to increase capacity in hot spots with high user demand and to fill in areas not c macro network – both outdoors and indoors. Site acquisition is easier an this equipment which is also correspondingly smaller. The large and small cells in GSM are separated thro different frequencies. Heterogeneous network planning was already used in GSM. LTE networks mainly use a frequency reuse o maximize utilization of the licensed bandwidth. is to “densify” more sectors per eNB or deploying more macro-eNBs.and femto-cells. there is a risk of self interference in the RN. RRHs connected to an eNB v used to provide small cell coverage. indoor or outdoor . pico. is that they are privately owned and deployed without coordination with the macro-network. They also improve network performance and service quality by offl large macro-cells. The actual cell size depends not only on the eNB power but also on antenna pos the location environment. widely maintain performance and service quality while reusing spectrum most efficiently. used in the femto-cell is the same as the frequency used in the macro-cells. these measures alone are insufficient in the most crowded environments and at cell edges where perf significantly degrade. The result is a heterogeneous network with large macro-cells in combination with small cells p increased bitrates per unit area. As also mentioned. In heterogeneous networks the cells of different sizes are referred to as macro-. micro-. e. Specific to HeNBs. Operators are also adding small cells and tightly-integrating these with their macro netwo traffic loads. However. From the UE perspective the an eNB. See Figure 1. However. rural or city. See Figure 3. which can be done through the use of a positive cell selecti SSDL of the small cell. In a heterogeneous network. This is called Cell Range Extension (CRE). power nodes in the large cells and low-power nodes in the small cells.Introducing a mix of cell sizes and generating a heterogeneous network adds to the complexity of network plann network with a frequency reuse of one. See Figure 4. O that is to increase the area served by the small cell. . In homogeneous netw typically coincides with the point of equal path loss for the UL (PLUL) in both cells. the point of equal SSDL will not necessari as that of equal PLUL. the UE normally camps on the cell with the strongest received DL signal the border between two cells is located at the point where SSDL is the same in both cells. A major issue in heterogeneous network planning is to ensure that the small cells actually serve enough users. See Figure 5.A negative effect of this is the increased interference on the DL experienced by the UE located in the CRE region the base station in the small cell. This may impact the reception of the DL control channels in particular. A number of features added to the 3GPP LTE specification can be used to mitigate the above-mentioned interfer in heterogeneous networks with small cells: Inter-cell Interference Coordination: ICIC ICIC was introduced in R8. the macro-eNB will transmit ABS according to pattern. . Through the “Load I message an eNB can inform neighbouring eNBs about: UL interference level per Physical Resource Block (PRB). The major change is the addition of time domain ICI through use of Almost Blank Subframes (ABS). typically in the CRE region of small cells. ABS includes only control channels and cell-specific reference sig data. The macro-eNB will inform the eNB in the small cell about the ABS pattern. The X2AP message used for this is called “Load Information”. During these subframes. When eICIC is used. The eNBs receiving these messages can use the received information to optimize scheduling fo edges. See Figure 6. and hence are sensitive to UL interference. and is transmitted with reduced power.especially interference control for DL channels. can receive DL infor control and user data. and if DL Tx power is higher or lower threshold value. are allocated to cell edge UEs. ICIC has evolved to better support heterogeneous network deployments -. Enhanced ICIC (eICIC) was introduced in LTE R10. UEs at the edge. The eNBs can communicate using ICIC via the X2 interface to mitigate inter-cell inter at the cell edge. . to increase the total bandwidth UEs and hence their maximum bitrates. The focus here is interference handling by the UE th interference cancellation for control signals. using different carriers for the P large and small cells reduces the risk of PDCCH interference. When CA is used a number of R8 carriers. with backward compatibility to R8.ICIC is evolved in LTE R11 to further enhanced ICIC (feICIC). eICIC and feICIC are especially important when Carrier Aggregation (CA) is not used. Hence. Carrier Aggregation with cross-carrier scheduling Carrier Aggregation (CA) is introduced in R10. referred to as Component Car aggregated and any CA-capable UE can be allocated resources on all CCs. enabling even further cell range extension. See Figu PDCCH. must be received by the UEs at the c PDCCH may be transmitted with higher power than the traffic channels. while R8/R9 UEs can only be allocated one CC. Cross-carrier scheduling is an important feature in heterogeneous networks. Using cross-carrier schedul possible to map the Physical DL control channels (PDCCH) on different CCs in the large and small cells. carrying DL Control Information (DCI) with scheduling information. from eNBs with CCs from RRHs. for example. When CoMP is used in a heteroge a number of macro-cells and small cells can be involved in data transmission to and from one UE. RNs or RRHs) can be coo provide service to a UE – for example. eNBs. With CoMP a number of transmission/reception points (i.e. See Figure 8.From LTE R11 onwards it is possible to handle CA with CCs requiring different timing advance (TA). CoMP – Coordinated Multi Point One way to ensure that a UE is using both the best DL and the best UL carrier in a heterogeneous network is to introduced in LTE R11. or data can be received from one transmission point in one subframe and from an transmission point in the next subframe. CoMP can be used both in DL and UL. data can be transmitted at the same time in the same PRBs from more th transmission point to one UE. Especially use heterogeneous networks is the possibility for a UE in the cell range extension region to utilize the best UL in the . R11) TS 36.Coordinating the low-power layer of small cells with the macro network improves performance across th network while also further boosting efficiencies in spectrum use and power consumption.806 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). Future updates to this paper will include what has been achieved with the completion of Release 12 during the s 2014.808 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).. Further enhancements regarding heterogeneous network and small cells are coming in future 3GPP Releases. Further advancements for E-UTRA physical lay TR 36. dual connectivity between the macro cell and small cells. Carrier Aggregation Enhancements. small cell on/off and 256 QAM. UE and BS transmission and reception TR 36. X2 Application Protocol (X2AP) (R8. Relay architectures for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced) TR 36. R .101 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). however.213 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)..the best DL in the macro-cell. Physical layer procedures TS 36.826 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).. August 18.Read th TR 36." . Base Station (BS) radio tr reception TR 36.423 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). At writing.. R10. Release 12 is still in the process of being formulated with some features in the study phase and others. Multiplexing and channel coding TS 36. automating netw configuration and optimization. requires that the macro-eNB and the base station in t are synchronized.814 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). and most likely it will require a combination of macro-eNB with RRHs in the small cell. Service requirements for Home Node B Home eNode B (HeNB) TS 36. on interference management for neighbour TDD cells.300 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access UTRAN). Relay radio transmission and reception TS 22..212 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and re TS 36.815 Further Advancements for E-UTRA. LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4 TR 36. Stage 2 (R8. See Figure 9.823 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).. This. The upcoming 3GPP Release 12 (due to be frozen September 2014) standa capabilities in these developments including dual connectivity. WiseHarbor. Carrier Aggregation.220 Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects.216 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). Further reading A new HetNet paper by Keith Mallinson. planning within hyper-dense environments and advances in carrier aggregation combinations already in the nor (specifications). Physical layer for relaying operation TS 36. 2014 ". Overall description. 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