Thai solar calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPage 1 of 4 Thai solar calendar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakhati (Thai: สุรย ิ คติ) was adopted by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in AD 1888 as the Siamese version of the Gregorian calendar. It is the legal calendar in Thailand, though Thai lunar calendar dates continue in use. Years are now counted in the Buddhist Era (BE: พ.ศ. พุทธศักราช pútthasàkkàrât) that is 543 years greater than the Christian Era ( ค.ศ. คริสต์ศักราช krítsàkkàrât). As a convenience, calendars typically include the year AD in both Arabic and Chinese numerals. Contents ■ 1 Calendar ■ 2 Birthdays ■ 3 Years ■ 3.1 Rattanakosin Era ■ 3.2 Buddhist Era ■ 3.3 New year ■ 4 Months ■ 5 Weeks ■ 5.1 Weekends and holidays ■ 6 Notes ■ 7 See also ■ 8 References ■ 9 External links August ๒๕๔๗ Thai numerals = 2547 BE, AD 2004 Chinese 二〇〇四年 August 2547 BE/AD 2004 Calendar ■ Red numerals mark Sundays and public holidays in Thailand. ■ Buddha images mark Buddhist Sabbaths, Wan Phra (วันพระ.) ■ Red tablets with white Chinese characters mark the New and Full Moons of the Chinese calendar, which typically differ by one day from those of the Thai. ■ Scrawled blue figures mark dates of national lottery drawings and it's made for predict number for last 3 digit and 2 digit prize (for example, 078 on the 15th, 538 on the 19th and 2576 on 31 August 2004.) ■ Thai lunar calendar dates appear below the solar calendar date. Birthdays Mundane astrology figures prominently in Thai culture, so modern Thai birth certificates include lunar calendar dates, and the appropriate Chinese calendar zodiacal animal year-name for both Thai Hora (โหราศาสตร์ ho-ra-sat) and Chinese astrology. Thai birth certificates record the date, month, year and time of birth, followed by the day of the week, lunar date, and the applicable zodiac animal name. Thai traditionally reckon age by the 12-year animal-cycle names, with the twelfth and sixtieth anniversaries being of special significance; but the official calendar determines age at law. For instance, 12 August 2004 was observed without regard to the lunar date as Queen Sirikit's birthday, a public holiday also observed as Thai Mothers' Day. Her zodiacal animal is the Monkey and her traditionally significant sixtieth anniversary year was 1992. Born on a Friday, her auspicious birthday colour is blue. Thai auspicious colours of the day are given in the table of weekdays, followed below it by a link to the Buddha images for each day of the week. Years Further information: Chula Sakarat The Siamese generally used two calendars, a sacred and a popular (vulgar in the classical sense.) The vulgar or minor era (จุลศักราช, chula sakarat) was thought to have been instituted when the worship of Gautama was first introduced,[1] [2] and corresponds to the traditional Burmese calendar (abbreviated ME or BE, the latter not to be confused with the abbreviation for the Buddhist Era, which is the sacred era.) Rattanakosin Era King Chulalongkorn decreed a change in vulgar reckoning to the Rattanakosin Era (abbreviated RE) (รัตนโกสินทรศก Rattanakosin Sok abbreviated ร.ศ.) The epoch (reference date) for Year 1 was 6 April 1782 with the accession of Rama I, the foundation of the Chakri Dynasty, and the founding of Bangkok (Rattanakosin) as capital in 106 RE, AD 1888. Buddhist Era In Thailand the sacred, or Buddhist Era, is reckoned to have an epochal year 0 from 11 March 545 BC, believed to be the date of the death of Gautama Buddha. King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) changed year counting to this Buddhist Era (abbreviated BE) and moved the start of the year back to 1 April in 2455 BE, AD 1912. As there is no longer any reference to a vulgar or popular era, the Common Era may be presumed to have taken the place of the former. New year New Year, the time at which a new calendar year begins and the calendar's year count is incremented, originally coincided with the date calculated for Songkran, when the sun transits the constellation of Aries, the first astrological sign in the Zodiac as reckoned by sidereal astrology: thus the year commenced on 11 April 1822.[1] As previously noted, Rama VI moved the start of the year back to 1 April in 2455 BE, AD 1912. On 6 September 1940, Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram decreed[3] 1 January 1941 as the start of the year 2484 BE, so year 2483 BE had only nine months. To convert dates from 1 January to 31 March prior to that year, the number to add or subtract is 542; otherwise, it is 543. Example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar 6/27/2013 . Weekdays Transcription wan athit wan chan wan angkhan wan phut wan suk wan sao English name Thai name Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday วันอาทิตย์ วันจันทร์ วันอังคาร วันพุธ วันศุกร์ วันเสาร์ Color Sanskrit word Planet red pink Aditya Angaraka Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn yellow Chandra green Budha blue Shukra วันพฤหัสบดี wan phruehatsabodi orange Brihaspati purple Shani Note: Colours are those considered auspicious for the given days of the week. entirely different ones for day and night.ย.พ. Sanskrit word kumbha "pitcher. mokkarakhom makara "sea-monster" mīna "(a specific kind of) fish" Pisces เม.e.[5] Months Transcription kumphaphan minakhom phruetsaphakhom mithunayon karakadakhom singhakhom kanyayon tulakhom phruetsachikayon thanwakhom English name Thai name Abbr. that of Wednesday day being green and of Wednesday night. the sun. from Sanskrit āgama (cognate to English "come") that also means the arrival of. ก.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar 6/27/2013 . the change to the next Chinese zodiacal animal occurs at Songkran (now fixed at 13 April. mesayon มิ. i. Of Buddha images representing episodes (ปาง) from his life. there is one that represents a week and others for each day of the week: Monday has three options that are similar and Wednesday. กุมภาพันธ์ ก.ย. the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 4 Month 1–3 AD BE 2481 4–6 7–9 1939 10–12 2482 1–3 4–6 7–9 1940 2483 10–12 1–3 4–6 7–9 1941 2484 10–12 1–3 4–6 7–9 1942 2485 10–12 Today. มี. February's name ends in -phan (-พันธ์).ย.ค. sura : move). moon. ธ. Thirty-day-month names end in -ayon (-ายน). January February March April May June July August September October November December มกราคม มีนาคม เมษายน มิถน ุ ายน กรกฎาคม สิงหาคม กันยายน ตุลาคม ธันวาคม ม.ค.ค. water-pot" meṣa "ram" vṛṣabha "bull" mithuna "a pair" karkaṭa "crab" sinha "lion" kanyā "girl" tulā "balance" vṛścika "scorpion" dhanu "bow. ก. The day added to February in a solar leap year is Athikasuratin (อธิกสุรทิน.ย. ต. both the Common Era New Year's Day (1 January) and the traditional Thai New Year (สงกรานต์ Songkran) celebrations (13–15 April) are public holidays in Thailand.[6] Days of the week are named after the first seven of the nine Indian astrological Navagraha.ค.ค. and assumes the name of the next animal in the twelve-year animal cycle. 31-day-month names end in -akhom (-าคม). from Sanskrit root āyana : the arrival of. พฤษภาคม พ. and five classical planets. from Sanskrit bandha : "fettered" or "bound". however. light green. ส.wikipedia. respelled to aid pronunciation (อะทิกะสุระทิน) from Sanskrit adhika : additional.)[4] For Thai Chinese communities in Thailand. arc" Zodiac sign Capricorn Aquarius Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius makarakhom. พฤศจิกายน พ. Weeks A week (สัปดาห์ sapda or สัปดาหะ sapdaha from Sanskrit "seven") is a 7-day period beginning on Sunday and ending Saturday.[7] Thai representations of the planets in deity form are below: http://en. the Chinese calendar determines the day that a Chinese New Year begins.Thai solar calendar .Wikipedia.ค.ค. Months Names of the months derive from Hindu astrology names for the signs of the zodiac. In the traditional Thai calendar. Leiden and New York: E. Eade. Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China (http://books.Thai Dictionary. 1940-09-17.usmta.. and the year 1833 corresponded to the 2376 year. Brill.th/DATA/PDF/2483/A/419. Volume 2 (2nd ed.royin.com/buddha_images_for_days_of_week. 1822. The vulgar era was instituted when the worship of Gautama was first introduced. "The Siamese year does not commence with the first month. as these are calculated according to the Chinese calendar.J. ISBN 90-04-10437-2 ■ na Nakorn. 1999.com/dictionary/27807. Bangkok: Thai Wattana Panit. ^ "พระราชบัญญัตป ิ ี ปฏิทน ิ พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๓" (http://www. John (21 August 2006) [1830].com/Thai-Birthday." 2.edu. So. Edmund (Digitized 12 October 2007) [First published in 1837].thai2english. 22. J. Brill.com/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99-%E0% B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2. [1971].aspx) (Thai Language) http://en.).google. ^ Thai2english.&source=bl&ots=Av5FKv_jU_&sig=Z6UtzON5QK_Vo7gK2a8rYR8ltiE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0Hwf -DHYPJrQf0_oDwBA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=The%20Siamese%20have%20two%20epochs%2C%20sacred%20and%20popular. The Calendrical Systems of Mainland South-East Asia.com/books?id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8) (Digital ed.ratchakitcha. The sacred one dates from the death of Gautama.myhora.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar 6/27/2013 . The Siamese have two epochs.Thai solar calendar . "An innovation of the Ayutthaya period. Retrieved 6 August 2012.&f=false).com (http://www. "The Siamese have two epochs.2300-2584) (http://www.html). Handbuch der Orientalistik: Dritte Abteilung. S. The calendrical systems of mainland southeast asia. the new year fell on the 11th of April. E. Harper & brothers.th/books? id=AEZFAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=The+Siamese+have+two+epochs. Student's Handbook. or.com/books?id=sAUPAAAAYAAJ&oe=UTF-8). In the year 1822. Royal Gazette (in Thai) 57 (0 ก): 419.au/bitstream/1885/41890/3/thai_time. as are public holidays.org/oclc/3452414). ■ Sethaputra. Bentley. being the 5th day of the dark half of the moon. 32. 5.co. ^ "Thai birth day colors and Buddha image" (http://www. sloop-of-war Peacock . Südostasien 9. ISBN 90-04-10437-2.th/dictionary. "Chapter I" (http://books. sacred and popular. The sacred era dates from the death of Gautama. the free encyclopedia Page 3 of 4 Phra Athit Phra Chan Phra Angkhan Phra Phut Phra Rahu Phra Phruehat Phra Suk Phra Sao Weekends and holidays Main article: Public holidays in Thailand Saturdays and Sundays (Thai: เสาร์-อาทิตย์ sao athit) are observed as legal non-workdays (วันหยุดราชการ wan yut ratchakan) and are generally shown on calendars in red.&source=bl&ots=9U8ITSptFQ&sig=UlF1JO_uhcNMSeh2SQGf9Sn6fb0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=67sf 20Siamese%20have%20two%20epochs%2C%20sacred%20and%20popular. New Model English . Notes 1. but corresponds with that of the Chinese. ^ Royal Institute Dictionary 1999 (http://rirs3. Siam. Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China.Wikipedia.+sacred+and+popular. Saka-rat. or Dragon year.. 4." See also ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Buddhist calendar Public holidays in Thailand Thai 6-hour clock Thai lunar calendar Time in Thailand References ■ Eade. 2514.html) ■ Thai Buddha Images for the Days of the Week (http://www. Bleung (comp.).htm). 2 August 2004. and the year 1833 corresponded with the year 1194.html) ■ Thai Lunar/Solar Calendar (BE. p. Retrieved 25 April 2012. United States Muay Thai Association Inc.chiangmai-chiangrai. ■ Web dictionary Thai-English English-Thai (http://www. ^ Roberts. Colburn and R.google. p. 310.google. ^ a b Crawfurd. and was the fifth.. Retrieved 14 November 2009. public holidays that fall on weekends are followed by Substitution days (วันชดเชย wan chot choei) generally shown in a lighter shade of red. as shown above for Monday. "Chapter XX―Division of Time" (http://books.PDF).wikipedia.go.thai2english.asp) 7. นายเปลือ " ง ณ นคร ผู ้รวบรวม ปทานุกรมนักเรียน ไทยวัฒนาพานิช กทม.+sacred+and+popular.worldcat. John Christopher.co. according to this reckoning. Since 1996 and subject to declaration by the Cabinet of Thailand. as they describe them. was the year 2365. Leiden.." 3.anu. Chinese New Year and other feasts observed by Thai Chinese vary with respect to both. and the year which commenced on the 11th of April. London: H..google.soc. 1995.C. Buddhist feasts that are public holidays are calculated according to the Thai lunar calendar.go.com/) External links ■ Thai Time by Anthony Diller (http://dspace. so their dates change every year with respect to the solar calendar. [Krung Thep Maha Nakhon?: Thai Watthana Phanit?]. dictionary 6. during the years 1832-3-4 (http://books. and Muscat : in the U. OCLC 3452414 (//www. 16 October 2004.).th/books? id=aSgPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=The+Siamese+have+two+epochs. ISBN 974-08-3253-9 ■ Thai calendar for August 2004. p.&f=false). According to some scholars including George Coedes the change occurred at the beginning of the 5th lunar month originally a few days before Songkhran. ^ J. .org/w/index. Inc. additional terms may apply. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar 6/27/2013 . http://en. ■ Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Wikipedia.php?title=Thai_solar_calendar&oldid=560203084" Categories: Specific calendars Thai culture Time in Thailand Modified Gregorian calendars Solar calendars ■ This page was last modified on 16 June 2013 at 20:46. the free encyclopedia Page 4 of 4 Retrieved from "http://en.Thai solar calendar . you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. By using this site.wikipedia. a non-profit organization.wikipedia.
Report "en.wikipedia.org Wiki Thai Solar Calendar"