pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer?Try out the HTML to PDF API Inconel Celebrate Wikipedia Loves Libraries at your institution in October/November. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Inconel is a family of austenitic nickel-chromium-based superalloys. [1] The name is a trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Inconel alloys are typically used in high temperature applications. It is often referred to in English as "Inco" (or occasionally "Iconel"). Common trade names for Inconel Alloy 625 include: Inconel 625, Chronin 625, Altemp 625, Haynes 625, Nickelvac 625 and Nicrofer 6020. [2] The Inconel family of alloys was first developed in the 1940s by research teams at Wiggin Alloys (Hereford, England), which has since been acquired by SMC, [3] in support of the development of the Whittle jet engine. Article Talk Read Edit source View history Search Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Create account Log in pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API Contents [hide] 1 Composition 2 Properties 3 Machining 4 Joining 5 Uses 6 Inconel alloys 7 See also 8 References Composition [ edit source ] Different Inconels have widely varying compositions, but all are predominantly nickel, with chromium as the second element. Inconel Element (% by mass) Ni Cr Fe Mo Nb Co Mn Cu Al Ti Si C S P B 600 [4] 72.0 14.0- 17.0 6.0- 10.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.15 0.015 617 [5] 44.2- 56.0 20.0- 24.0 3.0 8.0- 10.0 10.0- 15.0 0.5 0.5 0.8- 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.15 0.015 0.015 0.006 625 [6] 58.0 20.0- 23.0 5.0 8.0- 10.0 3.15- 4.15 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.015 0.015 718 [7] 50.0- 55.0 17.0- 21.0 balance 2.8- 3.3 4.75- 5.5 1.0 0.35 0.2- 0.8 0.65- 1.15 0.3 0.35 0.08 0.015 0.015 0.006 X-750 [8] 70.0 14.0- 17.0 5.0-9.0 0.7- 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.4- 1.0 2.25- 2.75 0.5 0.08 0.01 Recent changes Contact page Toolbox Print/export Languages Беларуская Català Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Русский Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Edit links pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API Properties [ edit source ] Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments subjected to high pressure and kinetic energy. When heated, Inconel forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer protecting the surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature range, attractive for high temperature applications where aluminum and steel would succumb to creep as a result of thermally-induced crystal vacancies (see Arrhenius equation). Inconel's high temperature strength is developed by solid solution strengthening or precipitation strengthening, depending on the alloy. In age hardening or precipitation strengthening varieties, small amounts of niobium combine with nickel to form the intermetallic compound Ni 3 Nb or gamma prime (γ'). Gamma prime forms small cubic crystals that inhibit slip and creep effectively at elevated temperatures. [9] The formation of gamma prime crystals increases over time, especially after three hours of a heat exposure of 850 C, and continues to grow after 72 hours of exposure. [10] Machining [ edit source ] Inconel is a difficult metal to shape and machine using traditional techniques due to rapid work hardening. After the first machining pass, work hardening tends to plastically deform either the workpiece or the tool on subsequent passes. For this reason, age-hardened Inconels such as 718 are machined using an aggressive but slow cut with a hard tool, minimizing the number of passes required. Alternatively, the majority of the machining can be performed with the workpiece in a solutionized form, with only the final steps being performed after age-hardening. External threads are machined using a lathe to "single point" the threads, or by rolling the threads using a screw machine. Holes with internal threads are made by welding or brazing threaded inserts made of stainless steel. Internal threads can also be formed using EDM (Electrical discharge machining). [citation needed] Cutting of a plate is often done with a waterjet cutter. Internal threads can also be cut by the single point method on a lathe, or by threadmilling on a machining center. New whisker reinforced ceramic cutters are also used to machine nickel alloys. They remove material at a rate typically eight times faster than carbide cutters. 718 Inconel can also be roll threaded after full aging by using induction heat to 1300°F without pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API cutters. 718 Inconel can also be roll threaded after full aging by using induction heat to 1300°F without increasing the grain size. [citation needed] Apart from these methods, Inconel parts can also be manufactured by selective laser melting. Joining [ edit source ] Welding Inconel alloys is difficult due to cracking and microstructural segregation of alloying elements in the heat affected zone. However, several alloys have been designed to overcome these problems. The most common welding methods are gas tungsten arc welding and electron beam welding. [11] New innovations in pulsed micro laser welding have also become more popular in recent years. Uses [ edit source ] Inconel is often encountered in extreme environments. It is common in gas turbine blades, seals, and combustors, as well as turbocharger rotors and seals, electric submersible well pump motor shafts, high temperature fasteners, chemical processing and pressure vessels, heat exchanger tubing, steam generators in nuclear pressurized water reactors, natural gas processing with contaminants such as H 2 S and CO 2 , firearm sound suppressor blast baffles, and Formula One and NASCAR exhaust systems. [12][13] It is also used in the turbo system of the 3rd Generation Mazda RX7, and the exhaust systems of high powered rotary engined Norton motorcycles where exhaust temperatures reach more than 1,000 degrees C. [14] Inconel is increasingly used in the boilers of waste incinerators. [15] The Joint European Torus vessel is made in Inconel. [16] Inconel 718 is commonly used for cryogenic storage tanks, downhole shafts and wellhead parts. [17] Several applications of inconel in aerospace include: North American Aviation constructed the skin of the X-15 rocket plane out of an Inconel alloy known as "Inconel X". [18] Rocketdyne used Inconel X-750 for the thrust chamber of the F-1 rocket engine used in the first stage of the Saturn V Booster. [19] SpaceX uses inconel in the engine manifold of their Merlin rocket engine which powers the Falcon 9 launch vehicle. [20] pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API Rolled Inconel was frequently used as the recording medium by engraving in black box recorders on aircraft. [21] Alternatives to the use of Inconel in chemical applications such as scrubbers, columns, reactors, and pipes are Hastelloy, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) lined carbon steel or fiber reinforced plastic. Inconel alloys [ edit source ] Inconel 600: Solid solution strengthened Inconel 625: Acid resistant, good weldability. The LCF version is typically used in bellows. Inconel 690: Low cobalt content for nuclear applications, and low resistivity [22] Inconel 718: Gamma double prime strengthened with good weldability Inconel 751: Increased aluminum content for improved rupture strength in the 1600 °F range [23] Inconel 792: Increased aluminum content for improved high temperature corrosion properties, used especially in gas turbines Inconel 939: Gamma prime strengthened with good weldability inconel 713: newly developed alloy See also [ edit source ] Incoloy Monel Hastelloy Nimonic Stellite References [ edit source ] 1. ^ "High-Performance Alloys" . Special Metals Corporation. Retrieved 2010=04=26. 2. ^ "Special Alloys: Inconel 625" . Retrieved 2010-04-26. 3. ^ "Special Metals Corporation: History" . Retrieved 2012-05-18. pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-prof it organization. 4. ^ INCONEL alloy 600 , Special Metals Corporation 5. ^ hightempmetals.com , High Temp Metals 6. ^ INCONEL alloy 625 , Special Metals Corporation 7. ^ INCONEL alloy 718 , Special Metals Corporation 8. ^ INCONEL alloy X-750 , Special Metals Corporation 9. ^ [1] , ChemEurope.com. 10. ^ [2] , University of Cambridge: Dissemination of IT for the Promotion of Materials Science (DoITPoMS). 11. ^ Joining , retrieved 2009-10-09. 12. ^ Power Generation , Special Metals Corporation. 13. ^ Chemical Processing , Special Metals Corporation. 14. ^ Motorcycle Trader.Norton Rotary Revival.Cathcart.Dec 2007. 15. ^ Inconell - state-of-the-art corrosion protection by Babcock & Wilcox Vølund, 2003 16. ^ The Inconel JET vessel in use since 1983 . A simple, sturdy structure. 17. ^ Inconel Alloy , Inconel 718. 18. ^ Robert S. Houston, Richard P. Hallion, and Ronald G. Boston, EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION, "Transiting from Air to Space: The North American X-15" , The Hypersonic Revolution: Case Studies in the History of Hypersonic Technology, Air Force History and Museums Program, 1998. NASA.gov. 19. ^ Anthony Young, "The Saturn V Booster: Powering Apollo into History", Springer-Verlag, 2009. 20. ^ "SpaceX Falcon 9" . Space Launch Report. Retrieved 2013-08-13. 21. ^ gizmodo.com 22. ^ INCONEL alloy 690 , NDT Resource Center 23. ^ INCONEL alloy 751 , Special Metals Corporation Categories: Nickel–chromium alloys Refractory metals Superalloys Aerospace materials pdfcrowd.com open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view