EMCO Large Engine Catalog 2008

March 21, 2018 | Author: Robert Kirk | Category: Carburetor, Throttle, Valve, Natural Gas, Turbocharger
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INDEX I. SAFETY ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. Carburetor/Mixer Overview ......................................................................................... 3 A. Air Valve Mixer Theory of Operation........................................................................ 3 B. Venturi Mixer Theory of Operation........................................................................... 3 C. Selecting the Correct Carburetor/Mixer ................................................................... 5 D. Formulas.................................................................................................................. 6 III. VARIFUEL Carburetor/Mixer Descriptions & Specifications .................................... 9 A. Model 400VF3 ....................................................................................................... 11 B. Model 600VF3 ....................................................................................................... 24 C. Model 600VF3D..................................................................................................... 39 IV. VARIFUEL Carburetor Installation............................................................................ 49 A. Model 400VF3 ....................................................................................................... 49 B. Model 600VF3 ....................................................................................................... 55 C. Model 600VF3D..................................................................................................... 63 V. VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting & Maintenance .................................................... 69 A. Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor ..................................................................... 69 B. Lean Burn Operation ............................................................................................. 70 C. Changing the Gas Valve/Jet Kit ............................................................................. 72 D. Changing the Power Valve & Power Jet ................................................................ 80 E. Recommended Service Parts ................................................................................ 83 VI. Pressure Regulators .................................................................................................. 87 A. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 87 B. IMPCO IMP Regulators ......................................................................................... 91 C. Regulator Installation ............................................................................................. 95 D. Adjusting Primary and Sub-Regulators.................................................................. 97 VII. General Information ................................................................................................. 100 A. Gaseous Fuel Types............................................................................................ 100 B. Gaseous Fuel Benefits ........................................................................................ 100 C. Pressure Conversion Chart.................................................................................. 101 D. Crankcase Oil Requirements ............................................................................... 101 E. Effects of Temperature on Power Output ............................................................ 102 F. Effects of Altitude on Power Output ..................................................................... 103 G. Effects of Altitude on Manifold Depression (Vacuum).......................................... 104 H. Air Displacement by Fuel (& the Effect on Power Output) ................................... 105 I. Air- Terms and Measurement .............................................................................. 106 VIII.VARIFUEL Carburetor Application by Engine Manufacturer................................ 110 IX. Large Engine Application Information Worksheet ................................................ 113 X. Test Equipment/Tools.............................................................................................. 114 XI. Conversion Factors ................................................................................................. 117 XII. Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products............................................... 131 XIII.Correction Table for Altitudes................................................................................. 132 . Natural gas is lighter than air and will rise to the highest point. and click on Document List and Code Cycle Information to order online. Before working on any fuel system. It is highly recommended you obtain and read the following National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines: • • • • • • NFPA #37.SAFETY READ BEFORE PERFORMING ANY SERVICE.LN Gas Storage and Handling To order these documents. There are state standards and regulations enforced by the state fire marshal in most states. Be sure to consult all regulatory agencies to assure adherence to all standards in enforcement.org.Combustion Engines NFPA #52.LP Gas Storage NFPA #59. Avoid areas near flow drains or lubrication pits where escaped fuel man collect and all sources of ignition.CNG Vehicular Fuel Systems NFPA #54. Before working on any fuel system. The following points are things to keep in mind when working on internal combustion engines and gaseous fuel systems: • • • • • • Before working on any fuel system. Inc. gloves and clothing. In Texas. read and understand all manufacturers’ recommended procedures. Regardless of the type work you do. study the NFPA standard for the fuel in use. the Texas State Railroad Commission sets standards. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. it is very important that you pay attention to what you are doing for your safety and the safety of those around you. 2007 . Before working on any fuel system. perform a leak test before turning on the fuel valve. Before working on any fuel system.nfpa. There may be other local standards set by counties. MAINTANENCE OR REPAIR ON THE FUEL SYSTEM There are safety regulations and standards that must be followed when installing or servicing gaseous fuel equipment on large engines. make sure there is adequate ventilation.LP Gas Utility Plants NFPA #59A. turn OFF the fuel system supply valve and slowly bleed the fuel from all lines before working on the fuel system or engine. After working on any fuel system. Avoid areas near overhead heaters and all other sources of ignition.National Fuel Gas Codes NFPA #58. face shields. contact the National Fire Protection Agency at (800) 344-3555 or go to www. Remember: • • LPG is heavier than air and will sink to the lowest level. expand the Codes and Standards menu. cities and municipalities. make sure you have local code approved safety goggles. Safety in the workplace is everyone’s responsibility. 1 June. 2 June.Throttle Closed Throttle Open ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . Inc. The metering spring is calibrated to generate about negative 6 inches (-6”) of water (H2O) column at idle and up to about -14” (H2O) column at wide open throttle. it lifts the tapered gas metering valve off of its seat and exposes the fuel outlet to the negative pressure generated within the mixer. Venturi Mixer Theory of Operation: The venturi mixer is a very simple design with no moving parts. Air Valve Mixer Theory of Operation: The air/gas valve mixer is mounted in the intake air stream above the throttle plate and is designed to create a slight pressure drop (negative pressure) as air is drawn into the engine. As the diaphragm rises. Venturi Mixer During Operation ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Atmospheric pressure above the diaphragm forces it against the secondary metering spring opening the secondary valve allowing fuel to flow into the air/gas valve mixer. Inc. 3 June. This negative pressure signal is communicated to the upper side of the diaphragm through passages in the air/gas valve assembly. Atmospheric pressure acting on the under side of the diaphragm forces it upward against the metering spring. B. It is placed in the intake air stream between the air cleaner and the throttle body. This allows the negative pressure signal to travel to the secondary chamber of the pressure regulator and act upon the under side of the secondary diaphragm. The tapered shape of the gas-metering valve is designed to maintain the correct air/fuel ratio over the entire operating range of the engine. The design of the venturi creates a slight negative pressure as air is drawn through it. This negative pressure is used to draw fuel from the regulator into the intake air stream. The amount of negative pressure generated is a direct result of throttle position and the amount of air flowing through the mixer. 2007 .Carburetor/Mixer Overview A. 04 CID Estimated Engine Airflow Requirements by CID and Maximum rpm (in CFM) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. To convert liters (L) to CID. Inc.02 = 122. 2007 .0 x 61. Example : 2. multiply the Liter Displacement by 61. 4 June.ENGINE RPM (REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE) CID 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 5 10 15 20 25 30 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 84 89 93 98 103 108 113 118 123 7 14 22 30 37 44 52 59 66 74 81 89 96 103 111 118 125 133 140 148 155 162 170 177 184 10 20 30 39 49 59 69 79 89 98 108 118 128 138 148 157 167 177 187 197 207 216 226 236 246 1300 128 1350 133 1400 138 1450 143 1500 148 1550 152 1600 157 1650 162 1700 167 1750 172 1800 177 1850 182 1900 187 1950 192 2000 197 2050 202 2100 207 2150 212 2200 216 2250 221 2300 226 2350 231 2400 236 2450 241 2500 246 2550 251 2600 256 192 256 320 199 207 214 221 229 236 243 251 258 266 273 280 288 295 303 310 317 325 332 339 347 354 362 369 376 384 266 275 285 295 305 315 325 334 344 354 364 374 384 394 403 413 423 433 443 453 462 472 482 492 502 512 332 344 357 369 381 394 406 418 430 443 455 467 480 492 504 516 529 541 553 566 578 590 603 615 627 639 12 25 37 49 61 74 86 98 111 123 135 148 160 172 184 197 209 221 234 246 258 271 283 295 307 15 30 44 59 74 89 103 118 133 148 162 177 192 207 221 236 251 266 280 295 310 325 339 354 369 17 34 52 69 86 103 121 138 155 172 189 207 224 241 258 275 293 310 327 344 362 379 396 413 430 20 39 59 79 98 118 138 157 177 197 216 236 256 275 295 315 334 354 374 394 413 433 453 472 492 22 44 66 89 111 133 155 177 199 221 243 266 288 310 332 354 376 398 421 443 465 487 509 531 553 25 49 74 98 123 148 172 197 221 246 271 295 320 344 369 394 418 443 467 492 516 541 566 590 615 384 448 512 576 639 398 413 428 443 457 472 487 502 516 531 546 561 576 590 605 620 635 649 664 679 694 708 723 738 753 767 465 531 598 482 551 499 571 516 590 534 610 551 630 568 649 585 669 603 689 620 708 637 728 654 748 671 767 689 787 706 807 723 826 740 846 758 866 775 885 792 905 809 925 826 944 844 964 861 984 878 1003 895 1023 27 54 81 108 135 162 189 216 243 271 298 325 352 379 406 433 460 487 514 541 568 595 622 649 676 30 59 89 118 148 177 207 236 266 295 325 354 384 413 443 472 502 531 561 590 620 649 679 708 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 512 544 576 607 639 671 703 735 34 69 103 138 172 207 241 275 310 344 379 413 448 482 516 551 585 620 654 689 723 758 37 74 111 148 184 221 258 295 332 369 406 443 480 516 553 590 627 664 701 738 775 39 79 118 157 197 236 275 315 354 394 433 472 512 551 590 630 669 708 748 787 42 84 125 167 209 251 293 334 376 418 460 502 544 585 627 669 711 753 794 44 89 133 177 221 266 310 354 398 443 487 531 576 620 664 708 753 797 47 93 140 187 234 280 327 374 421 467 514 561 607 654 701 748 794 49 98 148 197 246 295 344 394 443 492 541 590 639 689 738 787 52 103 155 207 258 310 362 413 465 516 568 620 671 723 775 54 108 162 216 271 325 379 433 487 541 595 649 703 758 57 113 170 226 283 339 396 453 509 566 622 679 735 59 118 177 236 295 354 413 472 531 590 649 708 61 123 184 246 307 369 430 492 553 615 676 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 639 66 133 199 266 332 398 465 531 598 Engine Airflow requirement listed on the chart are in Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM) at 85% volumetric efficiency for 4-cycle engine (double the CFM for 2-cycle engines).02. 000 Rated Horsepower (Naturally Aspirated) 600VF3 600DVF3 Cubic Feet/Hour (CFH) 30. the proper carburetor/mixer may be selected. In general.600 96.800 1. The chart gives engine airflow requirements for some common engine displacements at various maximum rpms. 3) After the engine’s airflow requirements are determined. Where the lines cross is the airflow requirements (in CFM) for that engine. especially at low speed. Conversely.C. Model 400VF3 320 Cubic Feet/Minute (CFM) 500 540 960 57. Example: An industrial stationary generator with a 4-cycle. As a general rule. Selecting the Correct Carburetor/Mixer: 1) Airflow Capacities: It is important to correctly size the airflow capacity of the IMPCO VARIFUEL conversion carburetor/mixer to the engine airflow requirement. The following table gives the horsepower and maximum airflow ratings for the VARIFUEL carburetors. naturally aspirated 817 CID engine and a redline of 2. a carburetor that is too large for an engine will create problems with idle stability and inconsistent fuel mixtures. Draw a line across from the CID and down from the rpm.000 VARIFUEL Mixer/Carburetor Engine Applications Wide Open Throttle @ 2" Manifold Depression ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. and over-carburet for maximum power. If the carburetor/mixer specified is too small. To find the estimated airflow requirement for the engine you are converting: • • • Locate the engine’s displacement (in CID) and maximum rpm on the chart. then the power output of the engine will be limited. Inc. under carburet for maximum efficiency. Consider these options when determining your Carburetor/Mixer needs. If a carburetor is not available that matches the engine’s airflow requirements. the airflow capacity of the carburetor should be reasonably close to the airflow requirement of the engine. 5 June. 2007 .000 1. then it is usually recommended to over-carburet than under-carburet (round the CID up). 2) Determining Estimated Engine Airflow Requirements with the Chart (on Facing Page).000 rpm: The estimated required airflow for this engine is 418 CFM (rounding the CID up to 850). This pressure must be calculated into the equation. 2007 . then convert it by multiplying by 0. 6 June.000: 817 × 2000 ÷ 1728 ÷ 2 × 0. If it is in cubic centimeters (CC). including atmospheric pressure (at sea level is 14. Determine the % increase in supplied air pressure. Inc. 4-cycle carbureted engine with a maximum rpm of 2. 4-cycle turbocharged engine with boost pressure of 6 PSI and a maximum rpm of 2. Omit this step if engine is a 2-cycle.85 × 1. Example: 817 CID. To accomplish this: • • • Determine the boost pressure of the turbocharger in Pounds per Square Inch (PSI). The following equation is performed to calculate the percentage (%) increase in supplied air pressure.7) CID × RPM ÷ 1728 ÷ 2 × 0.06102.Formulas: 4) The first thing that needs to be done before any calculations can be performed. If the displacement is in liters (L).000: 817 × 2000 ÷ 1728 ÷ 2 × 0. Multiply by 0.20 = 567 CFM ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.7)) = 817 × 2000 ÷ 1728 ÷ 2 × 0.85 × (1 + (6 ÷ 14. is to determine the engine’s displacement in cubic inches (Cubic Inch Displacement or CID) and its maximum rpm. For Naturally Aspirated Engines: CID × RPM ÷ 1728 ÷ 2 × 0. • • • • Multiply the CID times the rpm.85 = 402 CFM 3) Turbocharged Engines (with mixer upstream of turbocharger): Turbocharged engines supply an additional boost in pressure over a naturally aspirated engine. omit the division by 2. Divide this by 2 for a 4-cycle engine (a 4-cycle engine only has an intake cycle every other revolution). • • 5) Determine the engine’s CID from the identification plate or from the user’s manual.85 × (% available pressure increase) = CFM Example: 817 CID. Divide the result by 1728 to convert the cubic inches per minute (CIM) to CFM.7 PSI): 1 + ((boost pressure in PSI) ÷ 14. Determine the engine’s maximum rpm either by locating it on the tachometer (if equipped) or from the user’s manual.02. For 2-cycle engines. then convert it to CID by multiplying by 61.85 (85% volumetric efficiency) to get the engine’s airflow requirement.85 = Airflow Requirement (CFM) The engine airflow requirements determined by this equation are for 4-cycle engines with 85% volumetric efficiency. Inc. 2007 . 7 June.©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc.VARIFUEL 400VF3 Carburetor ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 8 June. 2007 . ................................................................. Buna N............................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve (V1-16).................................................................................................... Regulator Pressure (External to Carburetor) High Load.... N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) Weight 7..............................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Diaphragm (D1-25) ......... Glass and PTFE-filled Gas Valve...........................55 lbs (w/AT2-7 Throttle Body) (1) (2) Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination.......................................................................................... 320o F Materials: Air Valve body (BB1-66)............................................................................................................................... Propane & LPG (50/50 Propane/Butane) Natural Gas (85%+ Methane) Digester Gas (56-72% Methane)(2) Landfill Gas (45-56% Methane)(2) Operating Pressures: Gas Inlet. See Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air/Fuel Adjustments: Low Speed/Load ...................................................................................................................Silicone over Fiberglass Guide Bushings...... Requires J1-48 oversize power jet.............. Carbon Steel............................................................. Operating............................................320 BHP (Naturally Aspirated) Air/Fuel Ratios ..................... Soakback...........................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Throttle Body (T2-7 or T2-8) ............................................................. Normal ................................................................................................................................................ Inc...................................................................................................................................................... 200 PSI Airflow Capacity .......500 CFM @ 2” HG Depression (T2-7 @ WOT) Horsepower Rating ................................................................ 75 PSI Backfire..........Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Inlet Housing (A2-70 or A2-69) ................................................. Aluminum (Hard Anodized).................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve Cover (C1-30) .............Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Body (B1-67) ........ Peak ............None Required Safety Certification.......................................................... Zinc plated and baked Springs ............................................................................................................................................................. PPS Plastic......................... High Carbon Steel O-ring Seals ............................................................. 250o F Max. High Carbon Steel..................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Jet. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.............. Power Screw (10+ Turns) Temperature Limits: Max.............................................................................................................................................................. 9 June.............................................................................................................................. Stainless Steel (optional) Power Valve ........................ N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) Emissions Certification .......................................... Zinc plated and baked Lubrication ............................................ 5” H2O over Air Inlet (idle setting) Air Inlet............................VARIFUEL Carburetor Descriptions & Specifications Model 400VF3 Specifications Fuel Type(1) ... Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners & Power Screw..................................... Maximum ....................................................................................................... 2007 .............................................................................................. 400VF3 Modules ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 10 June. 2007 . Inc. It is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 200D carburetor.A. and the pressure from the gas regulator.0” diameter inlet hose. air valve type. a unique module is available. For in-line flow applications. part # AA2-69. The air/fuel ratio is controlled by the adjustable power valve. Inc. 2007 . The 400 VARIFUEL is comprised of 5 modular elements (illustration on facing page): 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) Mixer Module Gas Valve/Jet Module Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module (Throttle Body) A complete carburetor includes all five modules. allowing four position options for the air inlet on the 90o inlet housing (part # AA2-70). The air valve (and gas valve) motion is linear in relation to volumetric flow. shape of the gas metering valve. Deletion of either the Air Inlet or Mixture Outlet Module yields a mixer assembly. 11 June. The 400VF3 has anti-wear guide bushings for the air valve assembly. Model 400VF3: The IMPCO 400 VARIFUEL (400VF3) is a gaseous fuel carburetor of the concentric flow.) The attachment of the Air Inlet Module to the Gas Inlet Module uses a square bolt pattern. A precision gas metering valve is attached to the air valve. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Both are designed for a 4. (See Ordering Information for part numbers. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Interchangeable air valve spring spacers address updraft or sidedraft installations. 2007 . 12 June. The spring load and weight of the air valve/diaphragm assembly determines this motion.Starting is largely controlled by the initial motion of the air valve. Inc. dictated by the Air Valve Vacuum (AVV) generated downstream of the mixer. Inc. 2007 . 13 June. The power valve has little influence during starting or under light loads. remote from the throttle body. The attachment of the Gas Inlet Module also uses a square bolt pattern. Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.00”. The gas valve shape is most crucial in the low flow (starting and light load) operating conditions. Governor stability can be a problem if too large a throttle is used.The gas valve and matching jet are sized for the gas to be used. The mixture adjustment power valve is located in the Gas Inlet Module. an adapter is available to mount 400 VARIFUEL mixers on 600 VARIFUEL gas inlet modules (A3-128). or landfill gases. Two versions of the Gas Inlet Module are available to address the widely varying energy densities of fuels used in stationary gaseous fueled engines such as digester. The power valve (attached to the mixture screw) is positioned within the power jet ID to provide an adjustable restriction to gas flow. allowing four position options for the gas inlet piping. Gas valves are shaped to provide A/F versus flow characteristics defined by the customer. Also. This can save valuable engineering time when developing low speed options. A variety of adapters are available to mount the 400VF3 upstream of a turbocharger.50” and ∅3. Two throttle bore sizes are available: ∅2. 080” (these jets are completely interchangeable). Natural Gas (FR) Catalytic/Feedback/Rich (λ=0.4-1. For all 400VF3 gas valves. the 400VF3 can mix them in a manageable manner. Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information.4-1. A good initial setting for the power screw is 6 turns from full lean (all the way in). Natural Gas (NG) Non-emissions. but the A/F curve will be quite skewed and governor fluctuation can result.400VF3 ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS IMPCO 400VF3 VARIFUEL Gas Valve Options: The 400VF3 VARIFUEL is designed to operate with a wide variety of fuels.98) The FR gas valve kit part number is CKV2-88 and utilizes the V2-88 gas valve and J1-45 gas jet. These units place a control valve upstream of the carburetor in the fuel inlet. Partial throttle operation on 100 to 250 HP engines will also be slightly lean. four gas metering jet sizes were developed with IDs of: ∅0. NOTE: Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available. These valves are easily interchangeable with a flat blade screwdriver.6) V2-78 gas valve is used with J1-44 gas jet. The EB operates at -1. Stoichiometric (λ=1. V2-77 can also be used for propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter. since ultralean operation on normally aspirated engines results in 1/4 to 1/3 power loss. ∅0. ∅0. These gas valves are generally only useable with turbocharged engines. This gas valve starts lean of stoichiometric (approximately λ of 1. Natural Gas (UL) Ultralean (λ=1. The power screw can adjust the A/F within this range. The A/F can be set from lean to stoichiometric with the power screw for economic operation. Inc. Six basic gas valves are available for specific fuels and emissions control strategies.5% O2) above air flows appropriate for 80 horsepower. 14 June.5 to 8. the gas inlet pressure should be set at 5-6” H2O column. This combination is designed to operate with throttling type A/F ratio controllers such as the Altronic units.5” H2O carburetor inlet pressure.6 (7. V2-88 is designed to be rich enough for proper control even under the coldest air inlet temperatures. The UL kit part number is CKV2-78.2) and transitions to λ of 1. From high energy propane/butane mixes down to 420 BTU/ft3 landfill/digester gases. The NG conversion kit can be purchased under part number CKV2-77.0) V2-77 gas valve is used with J1-45 gas jet.85-0.625”. To do this. 2007 .750”. The two largest jets are CNC machined from stainless steel to operate in the often corrosive environments of digester and landfill gases.900” and ∅1. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. This valve can run richer or leaner by adjusting the power screw. This valve is designed for a nominal gas energy level of 600 BTU/ft3 with the gas constituents primarily methane and CO2.1-1. Also useable with propane via the EB converter. 2007 . The power screw can be set at 8-9 turns out from full lean for best full load operation. V2-89 can also be used with air addition lean-burn controllers such as the PSC system or for stoichiometric propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter. This combination is designed to operate with enrichment type air/fuel ratio controllers. The DG configuration requires the larger J1-48 power jet. stoichiometric 800-1000 V2-79 Digester Gas Ultralean (λ=1.0” H20).4-1.Natural Gas (FB) Catalytic/Feedback/Lean (λ=1. Stoichiometric (λ=1.3) Lower heating value. The power screw can be set a 6 turns out for reasonable full load operation. 15 June.98) Natural Gas 800-1000 V2-89 (1) (2) J1-45 Natural Gas(2) Enrichment Feedback (λ=1.1) The DG kit part number is CKV2-79.6) 540-660 J1-47 V2-80 V2-88 Stoichiometric Landfill Gas J1-46 420-540 Throttling Feedback (λ=.3) The FB kit part number is CKV2-89 and uses the V2-89 gas valve and J1-45 gas jet. The higher pressure addresses the starting on a weaker gas. These controllers either increase gas pressure at the regulator or add fuel between the carburetor and throttle body. With a higher pressure (8. this valve can be used with 450-480 BTU/ft3 landfill gas operating at lean burn air/fuel ratios for low emissions. Like DG. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.2) The LF kit (part number CKV2-80) is comprised of the V2-80 gas valve and the stainless steel J1-47 gas jet. Stoichiometric (λ=1. Digester Gas (DG) 540-660 BTU/ft3. 400VF3 carburetors with the DG prefix are already fitted with this power jet. Landfill Gas (LF) 420-540 BTU/ft3. LF requires the larger J1-48 power jet. GAS VALVE GAS JET GAS V2-77 J1-45 Natural Gas(2) V2-78 J1-44 Natural Gas BTU/ft3 (1) APPLICATION Non-emissions. This kit uses the V2-79 gas valve and the stainless steel J1-47 gas jet. Inc.85-.1-1. The LF gas valve is designed for a nominal gas energy of 480 BTU/ft3 with methane and CO2 as the primary constituents. 400VF3 carburetors with the LF prefix are already fitted with the J1-48 power jet. V289 should not be used in an uncontrolled application because of the potential for oil nitration at these A/F levels.0-1. 0. gaskets & bolts): AB1-67: AB1-67-3: J1-36 Power jet. 4. bearings. Inc. w/J1-47 (LF) Landfill gas.437” shaft Outlet adapter.080 ID (Digester and Landfill gas usage) Module Group V (Mixture Outlet--body.00” hose connection. jet. B3-44 bushings.25” bolt pattern.4 to 1. 2007 . stoichiometric w/J1-45 (also for Propane w/EB converter) (UL) Natural gas. 3. Module Group I (Air Inlet): AA2-70: AA2-69: 90o. cover): AB1-66-3X: AB1-66-3S: AB1-66-3U: VF3 Downdraft (w/Anti-wear bushings) VF3 Sidedraft (w/Anti-wear bushings and S4-38 spring spacer) VF3 Updraft (w/Anti-wear bushings and S4-39 spring spacer) Module Group III (Gas Valve/Jet Kit--gas valve.00” hose connection In-line. (λ=0.437” shaft Throttle body assembly. body. Die cast. w/J1-44 (DG) Digester gas. One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor. o-ring & label): CKV2-77: CKV2-78: CKV2-79: CKV2-80: CKV2-88: CKV2-89: (NG) Natural gas. 16 June.50” bore. carburetors must be ordered as subassembly modules and assembled by the customer/distributor. 1. stoichiometric. 0.85-1. (λ=1. fly. Refer to your distributor for specific engine application carburetor availability. w/J1-46 (FB) Natural gas. throttling feedback. w/J1-47 (FR) Natural gas. w/J1-45 Module Group IV (Gas Inlet--body. shaft. spring. lever & gaskets): AT2-7: AT2-8: AA3-128: A3-129: Throttle body assembly. ∅ 2.4). ∅3.400VF3 ORDERING INFORMATION 400VF3 Modular Assembly: Except for some specific engine applications.88” bolt pattern. ultralean (λ=1. screw. 0. stoichiometric. (450-540 BTU/ft3). 4.6). turbo compressor inlet mounting ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2. Refer to the Accessories & Options for information on the Gas Valve Kits. enrichment feedback. (540-640 BTU/ft3).00” bore.2-1. 400VF mixer to 600VF gas body Outlet adapter. B3-44 bushings.00” hose connection Module Group II (400VF3 Mixer--air valve.05).800 ID (Natural gas and LPG usage) J1-48 Power jet. power screw. jet. diaphragm. Sand cast. 3. 2007 .400VF3 Mixer Assembly (Exploded View) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 17 June. 2007 .400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions (w/Straight Air Inlet/AT2-7 Outlet Module) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 18 June. 2007 . 19 June.400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions (w/90o Air Inlet/AT2-7 Outlet Module) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions (w/90o Air Inlet/AT2-8 Outlet Module) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 20 June. 2007 . 21 June.400VF3 Mixer Dimensions ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . Inc. Inc.400VF3 Mixer to 600VF3 Gas Body Adapter Dimensions ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . 22 June. 2007 .©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 23 June. Inc. Inc.VARIFUEL 600VF3 Carburetor ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 24 June. 2007 . ..................... Carbon Steel........ 320o F Materials: Air Valve body (B1-30-6)................................................... Maximum ................................ Aluminum (Hard Anodized)..... Glass and PTFE-filled Gas Valve............................. N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) (1) Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination.......................Fluorosilicone Guide Bushings........................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve Cover (C1-32) .................................... Power Screw (10+ Turns) Temperature Limits: Max.............................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Jet...................................................960 CFM @ 2” HG Depression (T2-17 @ WOT) Horsepower Rating ...................................................................................................................................................................... Aluminum (Hard Anodized)................................................................................................................................................. Operating........................................ Normal ...................... Stainless Steel (optional) Power Valve ...........................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Body (B1-31-2) ..................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve (V1-17)............................................................................................................ Soakback................. 30 PSI Backfire........................................................................................ PPS Plastic......................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Diaphragm (D1-20-3) ......... Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners & Power Screw................................................................................ High Carbon Steel.................. 60 PSI Airflow Capacity ............................................................. Zinc plated and baked Springs ... 2007 .......................................................................................... 5” H2O over Air Inlet (idle setting) Air Inlet........................Model 600VF3 Specifications Fuel Type(1) ............. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies...................................................................................................................................................................... See Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air/Fuel Adjustments: Low Speed/Load ................................... Regulator Pressure (External to Carburetor) High Load................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Inlet Housing (A2-16 or A2-22) ............................. High Carbon Steel (Optional) O-ring Seals ...................... 250o F Max........................................... N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) Emissions Certification .................... Propane & LPG (50/50 Propane/Butane) Natural Gas (85%+ Methane) Digester Gas (56-72% Methane)(2) Landfill Gas (45-56% Methane)(2) Operating Pressures: Gas Inlet.None Required Safety Certification........................................................................ Zinc plated and baked Lubrication ..........................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Throttle Body (T2-17......................................................................................................................................................540 BHP (Naturally Aspirated) Air/Fuel Ratios ....... (2) Requires AB1-31-3 (J1-33 oversize power jet and W1-63 power valve).................................................... 25 June........................................... T2-67 or T2-80) .......................................... Buna N........... Inc.................................................................. Peak ....................... Inc. 26 June.600VF3 Modules ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . for enhanced temperature. Inc. Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas. The gas valve and matching jet is sized for the gas to be used.B. It is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 200T and IMPCO 600 carburetors. Gas valves are shaped to provide A/F ratio versus flow characteristics defined by the customer. shape of the gas metering valve. the 600VF3 has a premium fluorosilicone diaphragm. Also. Deletion of either the Air Inlet or Mixture Outlet Module yields a mixer assembly. and the pressure from the gas regulator. The air/fuel ratio is controlled by the adjustable power valve. Both the air and gas valve motions are linear in relation to volumetric flow. The attachment of the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module uses a bi-directional bolt pattern. The 600VF3 is composed of five modular elements: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) Mixer Module Gas Valve/Jet Module Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module (Throttle Body) A complete carburetor consists of all five modules. The 600VF3 is equipped with anti-wear bushings for the air valve assembly. The attachment of the Air Inlet Module to the Gas Inlet Module uses a square bolt pattern. chemical and wear resistance. allowing two position options for the gas inlet piping relative to the throttle shaft and its rotation. allowing four position options for the air inlet on the 90o inlet housing (A2-16). A precision gas metering valve is attached to the air valve. 2007 . ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Model 600VF3: The IMPCO VARIFUEL 600VF3 is a gaseous fuel carburetor of the concentric flow air valve type. 27 June. Starting is largely controlled by the initial motion of the air valve. Inc. which is dictated by the vacuum generated downstream of the mixer. Updraft 28 June. Three air valve springs are available depending on installation requirements. The spring load and weight of the air valve/diaphragm assembly determine this motion. sidedraft and downdraft versions are available for the 600VF3 Mixer Module.Updraft. Downdraft ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . A larger power jet and smaller power valve are used in the AB1-31-3 module to allow higher volumetric gas flow rates. AB1-31-2 is used for propane. Two versions of the Gas Inlet Module are available to address the widely varying energy densities of fuels. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. T2-80 has a shorter height to allow retrofitting IMPCO 200T’s directly with the 600VF3 with only a gas line repositioning. Gas valves are shaped to provide A/F versus flow characteristics defined by the customer. LPG and natural gas. An adaptor is available to mount the 600VF3 upstream of a turbo compressor. 2007 .19”. Two throttle bores are available: ∅3. 29 June. Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas. Inc. or landfill gases.69” and ∅4.The gas valve and matching jet are sized for the gas to be used. remote from the throttle body. AB1-31-3 is used for low energy density fuels such as digester. Governor stability can be a problem if too large a throttle is used. The smaller bore should always be the first choice. The gas valve shape is most crucial in the low flow (starting and light load) operating conditions. 600VF3 ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS IMPCO 600VF3 VARIFUEL Gas Valve Options: The 600VF3 VARIFUEL is designed to operate with a wide variety of fuels. This valve can run richer or leaner by adjusting the power screw. ∅1. The two largest jets are CNC machined from stainless steel to operate in the often corrosive environments of digester and landfill gases. Unlike old non-VARIFUEL units. Stoichiometric (λ=1.750”.85-1.250” and ∅1. Partial throttle operation on 200 to 450 HP engines will also be slightly lean.5% O2) above air flows appropriate for 200 horsepower. Natural Gas (FR) Catalytic/Feedback/Rich (λ=0. This gas valve starts lean of stoichiometric (approximately 1.5” H2O carburetor inlet pressure. NOTE: Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available. The power screw can adjust the A/F within this range. V2-21-3 can also be used for propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter. These gas valves are generally only useable with turbocharged engines.6) V2-63 gas valve is used with J1-23 gas jet. 2007 .00) The FR gas valve kit part number is CKV2-94 and utilizes the V2-94 gas valve and J1-24 gas jet.6 (7. For all 600VF3 gas valves. since ultralean operation on normally aspirated engines will result in a power loss. the 600VF3 can mix them in a manageable manner.5 to 8. Natural Gas (UL) Ultralean (λ=1.000”. five gas metering jet sizes were developed with IDs of ∅0. The EB operates at 1. Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 30 June.0-7. Inc. ∅1. the gas inlet pressure should be set at 5-6” H2O column. The NG conversion kit can be purchased under part number CKV2-21-3. ∅1.125”. To do this. From high energy propane/butane mixes to 420 BTU/ft3 landfill gases.400” (these jets are completely interchangeable). The A/F can be set from lean to stoichiometric with the power screw for economic operation. The UL kit part number is CKV2-63.0) V2-21-3 gas valve is used with J1-23 gas jet. Six basic gas valves are available for specific fuels and emissions control strategies. but the A/F curve will be quite skewed and governor fluctuation can result. A good initial setting for the power screw is 6 turns from full lean (all the way in). this valve should be run at lower (5. These units place a control valve upstream of the carburetor in the fuel inlet.2 λ) and transitions to λ of 1. These valves are easily interchangeable with a flat blade screwdriver. This combination is designed to operate with throttling type air/fuel ratio controllers.4-1. V2-94 is designed to be rich enough for proper control even under the coldest air inlet temperatures. Natural Gas (NG) Non-emissions.0” H2O) gas pressure or excessive richness and misfiring might occur at light loads.4-1. The higher pressure addresses the starting on a weaker gas. stoichiometric 800-1000 Natural Gas V2-64 Ultralean (λ =1. Landfill Gas (LF) 420-540 BTU/ft3.6) Digester Gas 540-660 Landfill Gas 420-540 J1-25 V2-65 V2-94 V2-62 J1-24 J1-22 APPLICATION Stoichiometric Natural Gas Natural Gas(2) Throttling Feedback (λ =. Like DG. This kit uses the V2-64 gas valve and the stainless steel J1-25 gas jet. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 31 June. These controllers either increase gas pressure at the regulator or add fuel between the carburetor and throttle body.4-1.Natural Gas (FB) Catalytic/Feedback/Lean (λ=1. LF requires the larger J1-33 power jet.2) The LF kit (part number CKV2-65) is comprised of the V2-65 gas valve and the stainless steel J1-25 gas jet. Gas Valve Chart GAS VALVE GAS JET V2-21-3 BTU/ft3 (1) GAS Natural Gas (2) J1-23 V2-63 Non-emissions. Stoichiometric (λ=1. 2007 . 600VF3 carburetors with the LF prefix are already fitted with the J1-33 power jet.1-1.98) 800-1000 Enrichment Feedback (λ =1. 600VF3 carburetors with the DG prefix are already fitted with this power jet.1-1.1) The DG kit part number is CKV2-64. (2).1-1. This valve is designed for a nominal gas energy level of 600 BTU/ft3 with the gas constituents primarily methane and CO2. The power screw can be set at 8-9 turns out from full lean for best full load operation. Stoichiometric (λ=1. Inc.Also useable with propane via the EB converter.Lower heating value.0” H20). this valve can be used with 450-480 BTU/ft3 landfill gas operating at lean burn air/fuel ratios for low emissions.0-1.85-.3) The FB kit part number is CKV2-62 and uses the V2-62 gas valve and J1-22 gas jet. V2-62 can also be used with air addition lean-burn controllers or for stoichiometric propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter. The DG configuration requires the larger J1-33 power jet. The LF gas valve is designed for a nominal gas energy of 480 BTU/ft3 with methane and CO2 as the primary constituents.3) (1). With a higher pressure (8. The power screw can be set a 6 turns out for reasonable full load operation. Digester Gas (DG) 540-660 BTU/ft3. V2-62 should not be used in an uncontrolled application because of the potential for oil nitration at these A/F levels. This combination is designed to operate with enrichment type air/fuel ratio controllers. Inc. S2-32-3 spring. fluorosilicone diaphragm Sidedraft. Refer to your distributor for specific engine application carburetor availability. w/J1-24 LPG. 5. w/J1-25 (10” H2O column gas pressure) Natural gas.3). jet. screw.6). Refer to the Accessories & Options for information on the Gas Valve Kits. diaphragm.00” hose connection Module Group II (600VF3 Mixer--air valve. Die cast. power screw. In-line. One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor. high flow. (450-540 BTU/ft3). S2-123 spring. S2-32-2 spring. 32 June. gaskets & bolts): AB1-31-2: AB1-31-3: J1-32 power jet & V2-60 power valve (natural gas & LPG usage) J1-33 power jet & W1-63 power valve (digester & landfill gas usage) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. stoichiometric. Module Group I (Air Inlet): AA2-16: AA2-22: ∅6. cover): AB1-30-6: AB1-30-6H: AB1-30-6X: AB1-30-6S: AB1-30-6SL: Updraft. fluorosilicone diaphragm (Waukesha Turbo) Downdraft.00”. w/J1-22 (All gas valve kits except CKV2-69 are designed to operate w/5” H2O column gas inlet pressure. ∅6. fluorosilicone diaphragm Sidedraft. jet.4 to 1. fluorosilicone diaphragm Updraft. ultralean (540-640 BTU/ft3).600VF3 ORDERING INFORMATION 600VF3 Modular Assembly: Except for some specific OEM engine applications. body. spring.00”.) Module Group IV (Gas Inlet (body. ultralean (λ=1. short piston. O-ring & label): CKV2-21-3: CKV2-62: CKV2-63: CKV2-64: CKV2-116: CKV2-65: CKV2-69: CKV2-94: CKV2-96: Natural gas. throttling AFC for catalysts. (λ =. w/J1-23 Digester gas. fluorosilicone diaphragm (Turbo Drawthrough usage) Module Group III (Gas Valve/Jet Kit--gas valve. carburetors must be ordered as sub-assembly modules and assembled by the customer/distributor. stoichiometric. w/J1-25 Landfill gas. (540-640 BTU/ft3). S2-32-1 spring.1-1. stoichiometric w/J1-23 (also for Propane w/EB converter) Natural gas. stoichiometric. w/J1-22 Natural gas. enrichment AFC for catalysts (λ=1. Sand cast.05). S2-32-3 spring.85-1. (450-540 BTU/ft3). 90o. 2007 . w/J1-24 Landfill gas. w/J1-25 Digester gas.62” bolt pattern ∅6. ∅0.50” shaft AA3-130: Outlet adapter.Module Group V (Mixture Outlet--body.50” O.69” bore.50” shaft AT2-80*: Throttle body assembly. fly. ∅0. ∅0. 4. ∅3.D. bearings. ∅3. ∅3. AB1-30-6X 33 June.75” bolt pattern. (2) AT2-67 is recommended for turbocharged Waukesha 3521 & 7042 engines because of improved throttle/governor control. ∅4. B3-43 bushings. CKV2-21-3 will be equivalent to the old V2-21 in older 600’s (see Gas Valve Chart on page 31 for gas valve options). B3-43 bushings.12” bolt pattern. lever & gaskets): AT2-17: Throttle body assembly. hose connection (low pressure turbo mount) *= Used to replace 200T w/AT2-9.19” bore. 2007 .50” shaft AT2-67: Throttle body assembly. 4. shaft. 600XM-2 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.12” bolt pattern.69” bore. Inc. AT2-17-5 & AT2-67-5 are equipped with turbo seals IMPCO 600 to VARIFUEL 600VF3 Interchange 600VF3 GAS 600VF3 600 MODEL 600VF3 AIR 600VF3 AIR 600VF3 GAS VALVE THROTTLE TO BE HORN VALVE BODY BODY APPLICATION CONVERSION BODY REPLACED MODULE ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY KIT MODULE 600-1 or 600-1-2 AB1-30-6 CKV2-21-3(1) 600X-1 or 600X-1-2 AB1-30-6X DG600X-1-2 CKV2-64 AT2-17 or AT2-67(2) AT2-67 Waukesha 3521 & 7042 Superior 6G825 AA2-16 600X-3-2 AB1-31-2 600-5 600-9 CKV2-21-3(1) 600-77 & 600-78 600M-2 AB1-30-6 Updraft Mixer Downdraft Mixer (1) Gas valve kit should be selected for the application. 3. B3-43 bushings. Inc.600VF3 Carburetor Assembly (Exploded View) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . 34 June. 600 VF3 w/T2-17 Throttle Body (600-960 CFM) & 600 VF3 w/T2-67 Throttle Body (300-650 CFM).600VF3 Carburetor Assembly Dimensions Standard 600VF3 Installation Dimensions. 2007 . Inc. 600 VF3-8-2 w/T2-80 (300-650 CFM) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 35 June. 36 June. Inc. 2007 .©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 37 June. 2007 .©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. VARIFUEL 600VF3D Duplex Carburetor ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 38 June, 2007 Model 600VF3D Specifications Fuel Type(1) ................................................................................... Propane & LPG (50/50 Propane/Butane) Natural Gas (85%+ Methane) Digester Gas (56-72% Methane) Landfill Gas (45-56% Methane) Operating Pressures: Gas Inlet, Normal .......................................................................... 5” H2O over Air Inlet (idle setting) Air Inlet, Maximum .................................................................................................................. 30 PSI Backfire, Peak ......................................................................................................................... 60 PSI Airflow Capacity ...................................................1600 CFM @ 2” HG Depression (T2-18 @ WOT) Horsepower Rating ..........................................................................1000 BHP (Naturally Aspirated) Air/Fuel Ratios ............................................................................ See 600VF3 Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air/Fuel Adjustments: Low Speed/Load .......................................................... Regulator Pressure (External to Carburetor) High Load.................................................................................................. Power Screw (10+ Turns) Temperature Limits: Max. Operating........................................................................................................................ 250o F Max. Soakback........................................................................................................................ 320o F Materials: Air Valve body (B1-30-6).........................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve (V1-17).....................................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Body (B1-31-2) ................................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Air Valve Cover (C1-32) ..........................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Inlet Housing (All)....................................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Throttle Body (T2-18 or T2-62) ...............................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Diaphragm (D1-20-3) ...................................................................................................Fluorosilicone Guide Bushings.......................................................................... PPS Plastic, Glass and PTFE-filled Gas Valve................................................................................................Aluminum (Hard Anodized) Gas Jet.......................................................... Aluminum (Hard Anodized); Stainless Steel (optional) O-ring Seals ...................................................................................... Buna N; Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners & Power Screw....................................................... Carbon Steel, Zinc plated and baked Springs ............................................................................ High Carbon Steel, Zinc plated and baked Lubrication .............................................................................................................................None Required Safety Certification..................................................................... N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) Emissions Certification .............................................................. N/A (Engine User/Producer Responsibility) (1) Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination. Refer to 600VF3 section for availabilities. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 39 June, 2007 600VF3D Module ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 40 June, 2007 it can be mounted in updraft. Also. 41 June. They are: • BT2-62-2 for 400 BHP to 799 BHP engines • BT2-18-3 for 800 BHP to 1000 BHP engines The throttle bodies also house the 2” NPT gas inlet. The VARIFUEL 600VF3D is slightly different from the 400VF3 and 600VF3 in that a carburetor is made up from four modules instead of five. Please refer to the 600VF3 section for descriptions and part numbers. 2007 . downdraft or sidedraft configurations. There are two Throttle Body Modules available for the 600VF3D depending on engine rated BHP. Model 600VF3D: The IMPCO VARIFUEL 600VF3 Duplex carburetor is comprised of two VARIFUEL 600VF3 mixers mounted to a common Throttle/Gas Inlet Body. Since the VARIFUEL 600VF3D carburetor utilizes two VARIFUEL 600VF3 Mixer Modules. no additional Power Valve/Jet kit is required for different fuel applications. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. The 600VF3D carburetor is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 600D carburetor. The four modules consist of: 1) 2) 3) 4) Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) Mixer Modules (600VF3. High load adjustments are made by first adjusting the fuel pressure and. or available without the Air Inlet Module. NOTE: Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available. to 2500 BTU/ft3 LPG.C. Unlike the 400VF3 and the 600VF3. Inc. then fine tuning with the spring-loaded power mixture screw (riveted to the Power Valve). The 600VF3D can accommodate up to 1000 horsepower engines with CFM requirements of up to 1600 CFM and a range of fuels from 400 BTU/ft3 Biogas. Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information. many different gas valves and gas jets are available to address fuel types and BTU/ft3 content.2X) Gas Valve/Jet Module Mixture Outlet (Throttle Body) Module (combination Gas Inlet/Mixture Outlet Module) The VARIFUEL 600VF3D is available as a carburetor assembly comprised of all four modules. body. w/J1-24 LPG. 8” diameter. fluorosilicone diaphragm Updraft. cover): AB1-30-6: AB1-30-6H: AB1-30-6X: AB1-30-6S: AB1-30-6SL: Updraft. Ingersoll-Rand 8SVG Air Horn. Ingersoll-Rand 8SVG Adapter Assembly. carburetors must be ordered as sub-assembly modules and assembled by the customer/distributor. stoichiometric. S2-32-3 spring. 12SVG Air Horn. screw. short piston. O-ring & label): CKV2-21-3: CKV2-62: CKV2-63: CKV2-64: CKV2-116: CKV2-65: CKV2-69: CKV2-94: CKV2-96: Natural gas. w/J1-22 (NOTE: All gas valve kits except CKV2-69 are designed to operate w/5” H2O column gas inlet pressure. w/J1-23 Digester gas. Ingersoll-Rand 10SVG. spring. stoichiometric. (450-540 BTU/ft3). ultralean (λ=1.) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.6). S2-123 spring. ultralean (540-640 BTU/ft3). Refer to your distributor for specific OEM carburetor availability. Ingersoll-Rand 10SVG. throttling AFC for catalysts. 2007 . S2-32-2 spring.85-1. Inc. fluorosilicone diaphragm (Turbo Draw-through usage) Module Group III (Gas Valve/Jet Kit--gas valve. fluorosilicone diaphragm Sidedraft. S2-32-3 spring. w/J1-25 Digester gas. (450-540 BTU/ft3). 90O (side) Air Horn. jet. stoichiometric w/J1-23 (also for Propane w/EB converter) Natural gas. One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor.05). 90O (end) Adapter Assembly. fluorosilicone diaphragm (Waukesha Turbo) Downdraft. diaphragm. stoichiometric. w/J1-24 Landfill gas. w/J1-22 Natural gas.3). S2-32-1 spring. 12SVG Module Group II (600VF3 Mixer--air valve.1-1. w/J1-25 (10” H2O column gas pressure) Natural gas.4 to 1. high flow. (540-640 BTU/ft3). (λ=. enrichment AFC for catalysts (λ=1. 8” diameter. w/J1-25 Landfill gas.600VF3D Ordering Information 600VF3D Modular Assembly: Except for some specific engine applications. Refer to the Accessories & Options in the 600VF3 section for information on the Gas Valve Kits. Module Group I (Air Inlet): AA2-17: AA2-18: AA2-23: AA2-62: AA2-38: AA2-44: Air Horn. 42 June. fluorosilicone diaphragm Sidedraft. Inc. power screw/power valve. bearings. shaft.50” at bearings) IMPCO 600D to VARIFUEL 600VF3D Interchange 600D MODEL TO BE REPLACED 600VF3 AIR VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY 600D AIR HORN MODULE 600D-1 or 600D-1-2 600DX-1 or 600DX-1-2 600DX-3-2 600DX-2-2 (1) BASE ADAPTER 600VF3 GAS VALVE CONVERSION KIT AB1-30-6 AA2-18-2 AA3-38 AB1-30-6X AA2-17 AB1-30-6X + P2-59 AA2-23 (2X) AB130-6X (2X) CKV221-3(1) 600D THROTTLE BODY MODULE APPLICATION AT2-18-3 Waukesha 3521 AT2-18-573 Superior 8G-825 Ingersoll-Rand SVG 8 or 10 CKV2-94 AA3-44 AT2-62-2 (2X) CKV2-94 Ingersoll-Rand KVG 10 or 12 Gas valve kit should be selected for the application. ∅0.75” at bearings) Throttle body assembly.45 in2 area throttle bore. lever & gaskets): AT2-18: AT2-62: Throttle body assembly. 13. 2007 . 2070 in2 area throttle bore. fly. 43 June. ∅0.75” shaft (stepped to ∅0. B3-42 permaglide bearings. B3-42 permaglide bearings. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.Module Group IV (Mixture Outlet--body. See chart in 600VF3 Accessories and Options section for gas valve options.75” shaft (stepped to ∅0. CKV2-21-3 will be equivalent to the V2-21 in older 600’s. 600VF3D Carburetor Assembly Dimensions ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . Inc. 44 June. 2007 .©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 45 June. Inc.©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . 46 June. 47 June. 2007 . Inc.©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 .Downdraft Updraft 400VF3 Installation Orientations ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 48 June. the 400VF3 (as with all VARIFUEL carburetors) allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air/fuel ratios. Starting with the throttle body. 400VF3 Carburetor Introduction: The VARIFUEL 400VF3 was designed to be a bolt-on replacement for the IMPCO 200D. This illustration of the 400VF3 shows the fuel inlet on the right side (just below the air horn intake). 2007 . the different modules can be installed at 90O increments to one another. However. you can fine tune the air/fuel ratio by adjusting the fuel pressure and power-adjust screw. updraft or sidedraft configuration. 49 June. Also. Notice that the fuel inlet on the 400VF3 is in a different position than the 200D. The illustration of the sidedraft installation shows the 400VF3 with the optional turbo compressor mounting adaptor (A3-129). Inc. Figure #1 Figure #2 Mounting Options: The VARIFUEL 400VF3 carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft.IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Installation A. the fuel inlet (part of the Gas Inlet Module) can be rotated to four different positions in relation to the air horn and throttle body. then the proper spacer will have to be installed (or removed). Figure #1 is the 200D and figure #2 is the 400VF3. However. Note the part number for the air valve spring spacer on the updraft and sidedraft illustrations. the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom. The downdraft installation does not require a spacer. If the installation orientation needs to be changed. Additionally. it can be rotated in 90O increments to the intake manifold ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Referring to the illustrations on the facing page. the gas inlet can be rotated in 90O increments to the throttle body with a resultant four different positions. then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another. the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top. Also. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb. 2) You will now be installing the carburetor (minus Air Inlet Module) onto the intake manifold. If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position. Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold. G1-27-2 for turbocharged engines) in place on the clean intake manifold. Also. 2007 . 50 June. Place a new gasket (G1-25) on top of the Mixture Outlet Module and install the Gas Inlet Module with four 5/16”-18 x 7/8” hex bolts. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb.giving you four different positions in which to line-up the throttle arm to the governor. Install the o-ring around the base of the mixer by stretching it slightly. Again. then finish torquing to 11-14 ft-lbs in the same cross pattern. DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds. Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mating surfaces. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb. the 90O air horn (AA2-70) can be rotated in 90O increments. It is not necessary to remove the Mixer Module from the Gas Inlet Module. there should be no problems with gaskets sealing properly. then finish torquing to 1114 ft-lbs in the same cross pattern. Install the four 5/6”-18 hex bolts. reverse the references for the updraft installation. then finish torquing to 11-14 ftlbs in the same cross pattern. This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose. install the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module (throttle body) with the orientation markings lined up. Place the carburetor over the gasket and install it using four 5/16” bolts. 3) Next. or can be replaced with the straight in-line air horn (AA2-69). Position the Air Inlet Module (in the correct orientation) and slide it down against the o-ring. Start by assembling the carburetor in the following sequence: 1) First. In this installation. it is not advisable to assemble the carburetor on the engine. DO NOT use any sealant on the gasket. Inc. DO NOT use any sealant. Installing the 400VF3 Carburetor: If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor (or the module orientations need to be changed). or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation (as warranted). The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation. As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat. Finally. Lightly lubricate the o-ring (S3-138) with clean engine oil. install the Air Inlet Module. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Place a new gasket (G1-27 for naturally aspirated engines. Before installing the pipe. then you may need to reroute the fuel pipes and regulator as the 400VF3 has a different fuel inlet location than the 200D. In this case. and the sub-regulator (located within two feet of the carburetor) delivers 5” H2O fuel pressure to the carburetor. (using a pocket ruler) measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet (measurement “A” on figure #4). the main regulator produces around 20” H2O fuel pressure. 2007 . the pipe compresses against the flange on the power jet locking it into the gas inlet (see figure #4). The correct installation requires a regulator and sub-regulator (see figure #3). However. DO NOT use TeflonTM tape on pipe threads. DO NOT over-torque or under-torque the pipe. If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads. the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further. Follow these directions for the fuel system connections: 4) Connect the fuel line to the carburetor. Use 1 ¼” NPT pipe (refer to your local code for correct type). refer to Installing Regulators and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. Also. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Use a liquid sealant such as LoctiteTM 567 or equivalent. with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum (45O elbows are preferred over 90O elbows). the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub-regulator. 51 June. For more information on installing regulators and sub-regulators. Inc. For this reason. if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply. Mark the fuel pipe the same distance from the end with a felt pen. Note that the pipe threads into the Gas Inlet Module body and fits around the aluminum power jet in the fuel inlet. If it will not reach the mark without over torquing. try another section of pipe or cut 1/8”.Installing the Fuel System: Figure #3 The gas valves in the 400VF3 are designed for a nominal fuel inlet pressure of 5” H2O (measured with engine running at fast idle). If you are replacing an IMPCO 200D. then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die.3/16” from the end of the pipe. The pipe should be tightened securely. Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted. This should improve stability. Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor. 52 June. you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 in-lb. NOTE: On generator installations. Figure #5 6) Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position. make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position. you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed. in figure #5 the throttle is closed. you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft (see figure #5). and connect the throttle linkage. it is suggested to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5O to 10O open to prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads. This line matches the angle of the throttle fly. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position. at any angle. Inc. No matter how you orient the throttle lever to the shaft. After the linkage is in place. 7) Install the throttle lever on the shaft. This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using. 2007 . For instance.Figure #4 Connecting the Throttle: 5) The throttle lever (L1-12-1) can be installed on either side of the throttle body. The throttle shaft can rotate 75O from completely closed to wide open. spring loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet). make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly. 8) Locate the power-adjust screw on the carburetor (large. NOTE: The power-adjust screw has minimal affect on starting or idling performance. 9) Before performing this step. This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load. and adjust the sub-regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches H2O column. Make the gauge connections as illustrated in figure #6. If it will not. Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed. or lowest emissions depending on your requirements. best fuel economy.Adjusting the 400VF3 Carburetor: NOTE: For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors. then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub-regulator is too small. unless it is completely closed. This is accomplished by turning the power-adjust screw (engine at full load) in to lean the mixture and out to richen the mixture. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. no load). Inc. hex head. then loosen it five (5) full turns. The fuel pressure should not drop below 3. Figure #6 10) Run the engine under full load. Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information. Run the engine at fast idle (rated speed. Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub-regulator and the balance line. 11) The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power. 53 June. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance.5 inches H2O column. If it does. 2007 . Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. Downdraft Updraft 600VF3 Installation Orientations ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 54 June. Inc. 2007 . Finally. the 600VF3 (as with all VARIFUEL carburetors) allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air/fuel ratios. Notice that the fuel inlet on the 600VF3 is in a different position than the 200T. Additionally. 2007 . the updraft spring (S2-32-1) is silver. you can fine tune the air/fuel ratio by adjusting the fuel pressure and power-adjust screw. it can be rotated in 90O increments to the intake manifold giving you four different positions in which to line-up the throttle arm to the governor (and clockwise or counter-clockwise throttle rotation). Also. Referring to the illustrations on the facing page. updraft or sidedraft configuration. the gas inlet can be rotated in 90O increments to the throttle body with a resultant four different positions. If the installation orientation needs to be changed. then the proper spring will have to be installed. the different modules can be installed at 90O increments to one another. The two springs are red (S2-41). 90O to the air horn inlet and throttle shaft. Figure #7 Figure #8 Mounting Options: The VARIFUEL 600VF3 carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft. 55 June. However. This illustration of the 600VF3 shows the fuel inlet facing the camera. The downdraft spring (S232-2) is yellow. and the sidedraft spring (S2-32-3) is green. Starting with the throttle body.B. However. There are two special springs for updraft installations on turbocharged engines. the 90O air ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Also. Inc. the fuel inlet (part of the Gas Inlet Module) can be rotated to four different positions in relation to the air horn and throttle body. Figure #7 is the 200T and figure #8 is the 600VF3. and blue (S2-123) (consult your local IMPCO distributor for more information). the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom. Note the part number for the air valve spring on the different illustrations. 600VF3 Introduction: The VARIFUEL 600VF3 was designed to be a bolt-on replacement for the IMPCO 200T or the IMPCO 600 carburetor. the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top. 56 June. Place a new gasket (G1-78) on top of the Mixture Outlet Module and install the Gas Inlet Module with four 3/8”-16 x 1” hex bolts. install the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module (throttle body) with the orientation markings lined up. Place the carburetor over the gasket and install it using four 1/2” bolts. then finish torquing to 29-36 ft-lbs in the same cross pattern. DO NOT use any sealant on the gasket. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb. or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation (as warranted). Install the four 3/8”-16 x 1” hex bolts. Also. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb. As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat. Place a new gasket (G1-38 for 4” flange. This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose. then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another. In this installation. Position the Air Inlet Module (in the correct orientation) and slide it down over the Mixer Module. there should be no problems with gaskets sealing properly. Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold. install the Air Inlet Module. 2) You will now be installing the carburetor (minus Air Inlet Module) onto the intake manifold. Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mating surfaces. Installing the 600VF3 Carburetor: If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor (or the module orientations need to be changed). 2007 . Start by assembling the carburetor in the following sequence: 1) First. G1-29 for 3 ½” flange) in place on the clean intake manifold. DO NOT use any sealant. or can be replaced with the straight in-line air horn (AA2-22). DO NOT remove the Mixer Module from the Gas Inlet Module. The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation. 3) Next. DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds. Inc. it is not advisable to assemble the carburetor on the engine. reverse the references for the updraft installation. then finish torquing to 29-36 ft-lbs in the same cross pattern. then finish torquing to 40 ft-lb in the same cross pattern. Again. Place a new gasket (G1-76-1) on top of the Gas Inlet Module (around the Mixer Module). Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in-lb. If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position.horn (AA2-16) can be rotated in 90O increments. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. refer to Installing Regulators and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. Note that the pipe threads into the Gas Inlet Module body and fits around the aluminum power jet in the fuel inlet. Use a liquid sealant such as LoctiteTM 567 or equivalent. DO NOT over-torque or under-torque the pipe. Also. However. For more information on installing regulators and sub-regulators. Follow these directions for the fuel system connections: 4) Connect the fuel line to the carburetor. then you may need to reroute the fuel pipes and regulator as the 600VF3 has a different fuel inlet location than the 200T. try another section of pipe or cut 1/8”. with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum (45O elbows are preferred over 90O elbows). 2007 . Use 1 1/2” NPT pipe (refer to your local code for correct type).Installing the Fuel System: Figure #9 The gas valves in the 600VF3 are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5” H2O (measured with engine running at fast idle). (using a pocket ruler) measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet (measurement “X” on figure #10). Before installing the pipe. In this case. The pipe should be tightened securely. the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub-regulator. DO NOT use TeflonTM tape on pipe threads. For this reason. the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further. 57 June. If it will not reach the mark without over-torquing. and the sub-regulator (located within two feet of the carburetor) delivers 5” H2O fuel pressure to the carburetor. the main regulator produces around 20” H2O fuel pressure.3/16” from the end of the pipe. the pipe compresses against the flange on the power jet locking it into the gas inlet (see figure #10). If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads. Inc. If you are replacing an IMPCO 200T. Mark the fuel pipe the same distance from the end with a felt pen. if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply. then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die. The correct installation requires a regulator and sub-regulator (see figure #9). make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position. Inc. Figure #11 5) Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position. This should improve stability. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. in figure #11 the throttle is closed. This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using. Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted. 2007 . NOTE: On generator installations. you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft (see figure #11).Figure #10 Connecting the Throttle: 4) The throttle lever (L1-12-1) can be installed on either side of the throttle body. 6) Install the throttle lever on the shaft. The throttle shaft can rotate 75O from idle to wide open. For instance. 58 June. Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position. you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed. Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor. This line matches the angle of the throttle fly. at any angle. it is suggested to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5O to 10O open to prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads. No matter how you orient the throttle lever to the shaft. and connect the throttle linkage. After the linkage is in place. you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 in-lb. Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load. Inc. Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section. make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly. no load). hex head. 8) Before performing this step. then loosen it five (5) full turns.Adjusting the 600VF3 Carburetor: NOTE: For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors. 59 June. Figure #12 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. and adjust the sub-regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches H2O column. Make the gauge connections as illustrated in figure #12. spring loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet). 7) Locate the power-adjust screw on the carburetor (large. Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub-regulator and the balance line. Run the engine at fast idle (rated speed. 2007 . or lowest emissions depending on your requirements. 10) The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power.9) Run the engine under full load. If it does. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power.5 inches H2O column. 2007 . 60 June. If it will not. NOTE: The power-adjust screw has no affect on starting or idling performance ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information. This is accomplished by turning the power-adjust screw (engine at full load) in to lean the mixture and out to richen the mixture. then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub-regulator is too small. The fuel pressure should not drop below 3. best fuel economy. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 61 June. 2007 . Inc. 2007 .Downdraft Updraft 600VF3D Installation Orientations ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 62 June. However. make sure to orient the adapter correctly and install it with new gaskets. Inc. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top. Note the part number for the air valve spring on the different illustrations. If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position. The two springs are red (S2-41). The downdraft spring (S232-2) is yellow. AA2-62) can be rotated 180O. This means there are two VARIFUEL 600VF3 Mixer Modules in the carburetor. then the proper spring will have to be installed. there are 3 different Air Inlet Modules (Air Horn) available. The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation.C. and blue (S2-123). The “D” in the 600VF3D part number designates this as a “Duplex” carburetor. the 600VF3D (as with all VARIFUEL carburetors) allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air/fuel ratios. The instructions are for installing the carburetor without an intake manifold adapter (such as used on Ingersoll-Rand 8. updraft or sidedraft configuration. the 90O air horn (side inlet. 63 June. The 90O air horn (end inlet. reverse the references for the updraft installation. 600VF3D Introduction: The VARIFUEL 600VF3D was designed to be a bolt-on replacement for the IMPCO 600D. In this installation. Consult your local IMPCO distributor for more information. If the installation orientation needs to be changed. Mounting Options: The VARIFUEL 600VF3D carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft. and the sidedraft spring (S2-32-3) is green. If an adapter is being used. Also. Referring to the illustrations on the facing page. 10 and 12 SVGs). Starting with the throttle body. the updraft spring (S2-32-1) is silver. the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom. This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose. the different modules can be installed at 180O increments to one another. Additionally. AA2-18) can be rotated 180O or you can select one of the straight in-line air horns. 2007 . it can be rotated in 180O increments to the intake manifold giving you two different positions in which to line-up the throttle arm to the governor (and clockwise or counter-clockwise throttle rotation). There are two special springs for updraft installations on turbocharged engines. or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation (as warranted). Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold. Figure #14 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern (see figure #13) to 10 in-lb. then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another.Installing the 600VF3D Carburetor: If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor (or the module orientations need to be changed). Figure #13 2) Start all Air Horn bolts before tightening to 10 in-lbs in the illustrated sequences (see figures 14 & 14A). Inc. there should be no problem with gaskets sealing properly. Finish tightening them to the following torque values in the same sequences: A. As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat. install the Mixture Outlet Module (throttle body/gas inlet) to the intake manifold. 3/8”-16: 29-36 ft-lbs. 2007 . Install the carburetor in the following sequence: 1) First. then finish torquing to 40 ft-lb in the same cross pattern. 1/4”-20: 90-110 in-lbs. Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mating surfaces. DO NOT remove the Mixer Modules from the Mixture Outlet Module. B. Place a new gasket (G1-80) on top of the intake manifold and install the Mixture Outlet Module with six 1/2” hex bolts. Figure #14A 64 June. DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds. Inc. The correct installation requires a regulator and sub-regulator (see figure #15). with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum (45O elbows are preferred over 90O elbows). 2007 . ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 65 June.Installing the Fuel System: Figure #15 The gas valves in the 600VF3D are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5” H2O (measured with engine running at fast idle). In this case. DO NOT use TeflonTM tape on the pipe threads. the main regulator produces around 20” H2O fuel pressure. For this reason. and the sub-regulator (located within two feet of the carburetor) delivers 5” H2O fuel pressure to the carburetor. refer to Installing Regulators and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. For more information on installing regulators and sub-regulators. Use 2” NPT (refer to your local code for correct type). Follow these directions for the fuel system connections 3) Connect the fuel line to the carburetor. the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub-regulator. Use a liquid sealant such as Loctite 567TM or equivalent. spring loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet). This should improve stability. Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed. Figure #16 5) Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position. The throttle shaft can rotate 75O from idle to wide open. hex head. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section 7) Locate the power-adjust screw on the carburetor (large. you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using. and connect the throttle linkage. NOTE: On generator installations. you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft (see figure #16). you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 in-lb.4) The throttle lever (L1-12-1) can be installed on either side of the throttle body. then loosen it five (5) full turns (never loosen the screw by more than 10 turns from fully seated). 66 June. Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor. Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position. you will probably want to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5O to 10O open. make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position. This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load. Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted. Inc. No matter how you orient the throttle lever to the shaft. This line matches the angle of the throttle fly. Adjusting the 600VF3D Carburetor: NOTE: For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors. This will prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads. 6) Install the throttle lever on the shaft. at any angle. in figure #16 the throttle is closed. 2007 . After the linkage is in place. For instance. Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information. This is accomplished by turning the power-adjust screw (engine at full load) in to lean the mixture and out to richen the mixture. If it will not. and adjust the sub-regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches H2O column. 10) The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power. 2007 . refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power. If it does. 67 June. NOTE: The power-adjust screw has no affect on starting or idling performance. make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly. no load). Run the engine at fast idle (rated speed.8) Before performing this step. Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub-regulator and the balance line. Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub-Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. Figure #17 9) Run the engine under full load. Make the gauge connections as illustrated in figure #17.5 inches H2O column. best fuel economy. or lowest emissions depending on your requirements. then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub-regulator is too small. The fuel pressure should not drop below 3. 68 June.Figure #18 VARIFUEL 600VF3 Illustrated ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 2007 . meeting emission standards can reduce the engine’s power by up to one third. However. For some engines (in some situations). To Adjust for Best Fuel Economy: With the engine running at full load and rated rpm. Optional: Tighten the power adjust screw even further. until the exhaust gas oxygen content reaches 8. especially on naturally aspirated (non-turbocharged) engines. All vacuum readings are based on sea level readings.5” Hg. and turn the power adjust screw in (clockwise) until the exhaust gas contains approximately 5 to 7% oxygen. Inc. 69 June.VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor The power adjust screw on the VARIFUEL carburetor sets the air/fuel mixture for the engine under medium and heavy loads. turn the power adjust screw IN until the vacuum gauge drops by 1” to 1. While monitoring the manifold vacuum. You should adjust this screw while the engine is running at full power. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.5%. adjust the carburetor for maximum power. some engines may not run well at such a lean setting. under load. First. It is the hex-head screw (with a spring on it) located on the lower half of the carburetor. Keep the engine running under full load. opposite of the fuel inlet (see figure #18). However. turn the power adjust screw for the highest vacuum reading. the position of the power adjust screw will not affect starting or idling performance. To Adjust for Maximum Power: Connect a manifold vacuum gauge to the intake manifold on the engine. Run the engine under full load. NOTE: A leaner air/fuel ratio will usually reduce the engine’s power output. To Adjust for Best Emissions: You will need to install an exhaust gas analyzer (such as the Infrared Industries FGA-5000). and the carburetor adjusted for maximum power. Make adjustments to readings as necessary to compensate for altitude. at maximum rated rpm. 2007 . The engine is now set for best fuel economy. which reduces the peak combustion temperature. and LEAN the air/fuel mixture.5 inches H2O to accommodate different engines and fuel characteristics. By keeping the air/fuel ration between λ= 1. the air/fuel ratio is determined mainly by the fuel pressure coming from the regulator (or sub-regulator where installed). there is excess air in the combustion mixture. there is very little air flowing through the carburetor. the air velocities through the carburetor are much higher than they are at idle. adjusting the fuel pressure is counterproductive. We recommend that you turn the power adjust screw in increments of one-half turn or less. When the engine is running at full load. This vacuum effect (called the Bernoulli Effect) is five to eight times stronger than the fuel pressure setting of the regulator.7 (see figure #19). You may need to vary this pressure by ±1. On IMPCO VARIFUEL stationary-engine carburetors. Lean burn gas valves for IMPCO carburetors are nominally designed for 5 inches H2O fuel inlet pressure. In addition. These high velocities create a vacuum. 70 June. you control the air/fuel ratio mainly by adjusting the power valve. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. but they have only a small effect on the full-load air/fuel ratio.4 and λ= 1.Lean Burn Operation Introduction: Lean burn operation allows an engine to meet exhaust emission limits without an expensive catalytic converter. turning the power adjust screw IN (clockwise) will decrease the fuel inlet area. Under these higher-vacuum. Inc. therefore producing less NOX. In this case. Not only will such changes disrupt the starting and idling response. higher-flow conditions. When the engine is running at full load.00 = The Stoichiometric A/F Ratio Controlling the Air/Fuel Ratio (Fuel Pressure and Power Valve Position): When the engine is starting and idling. less CO is produced. Figure #19 λ 1. 2007 . which draws fuel into the carburetor. that is. you should avoid the engine’s detonation limit (as discussed later). you will need to install an exhaust gas analyzer (such as the Infrared Industries FGA-5000). Optional: You can tighten the power adjust screw even farther. This risk is greatest as the engine operates closer to λ = 1. On turbocharged engines.Effects of Temperature: The air/fuel ratio varies with the temperature of the incoming air. lean the mixture (turn the power adjust screw IN. Richening the mixture will increase detonation. you may need a custom gas valve.5% and 4. you may need up to twice as much boost to compensate for this loss of power. The exact detonation limit varies from engine-toengine. the engine could cross that limit. Oil contamination is highly likely in this range and can lead to severe bearing. Likewise. which can crack pistons and valves. For some engines (in some situations). especially on naturally aspirated (non-turbocharged) engines. As the mixtures become leaner. you should avoid pushing the lean misfire limit. because the combustion process is diluted and slowed with excess air. the temperature of the air as it is going toward the carburetor. This calls for an adjustment strategy that is opposite from most operators’ previous experience. We recommend that you set the power adjust screw at least one half turn away from the lean misfire limit and the detonation limit.5%.5% O2. piston.clockwise). On turbocharged engines. For this reason. ring and liner damage. and turn the power adjust screw IN (clockwise) until the exhaust gas contains approximately five to seven percent (5-7%) oxygen. the detonation risk decreases. However. Beware of Detonation: With higher turbocharger boost levels. The carburetor alone cannot compensate for different air temperatures. Inc. valve. The cooling system should be controlled by the aftercooler’s outlet temperature.0. and is highly dependent on fuel constituents (ethane. Run the engine under normal load. DO NOT richen the air/fuel ratio. 71 June. etc. a leaner air/fuel ratio reduces the engine’s peak power output. and could even break the crankshaft. If these two limits are less than one turn apart. CAUTION: Avoid operation in the lean range between 2. If detonation occurs. In general. meeting emission standards can reduce the engine’s power by up to one third. the risk of detonation increases. because when the temperature changes. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. propane.) and ignition timing. 2007 . Setting the Carburetor Power Adjust Screw: In order to set the carburetor for lean burn operation. until the exhaust gas oxygen reaches 8. some engines may not run well at such a lean setting. The best way to keep control of the air/fuel ratio is to regulate the temperature of the air going into the carburetor. you can thermostatically control the temperature of the air leaving the aftercooler. 2) Remove the 6 screws holding the Mixer Module to the Gas Inlet Module and remove the mixer. Figure #21 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.Changing the Gas Valve Jet Kit 400VF3: Disassembly: 1) Remove the Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) from the carburetor. 72 June. Loosen both of them a few turns. remove the Gas Jet from the Air Valve body (you may have to use a pair of pliers). 3) On the underside of the Mixer Module (Air Valve body) you will find two jet cover screws (S1-3 in figure #20). Figure #20 4) Now. 2007 . Inc. 5) Hold the Air Valve from twisting (within the Air Valve body) while you remove the Gas Valve screw (see figure #22). you will need to stop it from turning as follows: A. Replace the o-ring where necessary. Keep the Air Valve from twisting (as in disassembly step #5) as you install and tighten the screw (S1-66) to 13-17 in-lbs. Turn the mixer over and remove the spacer (note the step in the spacer for the spring. there will be a spacer under the spring. Figure #23 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. B. If the carburetor was installed in an updraft or sidedraft configuration. Remove the Air Valve cover and the spring beneath it. 2. Remove the four screws securing the Air Valve cover.this faces UP towards the cover when re-installed). If this happens. In rare cases. 73 June. 2007 . Reassembly: 1. Use a 7/16” socket and extension to keep the stub shaft from turning while you tighten the Gas Valve retaining screw to 13-17 in-lbs (see figure #23). Put the new V2 Gas Valve (Gas Valve part #s are marked on the flat side of the valve) on the stub shaft (S5-31). the stub shaft may slip and rotate as you turn the screw. Inc. Figure #22 6) Remove the Gas Valve and inspect the piston o-ring (S3-132) for wear or damage. Tighten the two jet holder screws (S1-3) evenly to 16-20 in-lbs (see figure #20). 74 June. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Figure #25 5. The jet should fit with the flange shoulder flush with the Air Valve body surface.3. Reinstall the Air Valve cover. Figure #24 4. Be sure to align the vacuum port holes in all three pieces (see figure #25) and tighten the four screws evenly to 16-20 in-lbs. Inc. Insert the new Gas Jet into the Air Valve body (shoulder facing up). 2007 .make sure the spacer is installed as in figure #24). Reinstall the spring and spacer (where applicable. 2. Lubricate the new Gas Jet o-ring with clean engine oil and slide it onto the new Gas Jet (see figure #26). NOTE: The o-ring supplied with the new Gas Valve kit should be the correct one for your fuel type. Do not confuse the old and new o-rings. Natural gas applications use the Nitrile o-ring (S3-133) and landfill or digester gas applications use the Viton o-ring (S3-133-2). Figure #26 3. Carefully position the Mixer Module on the Gas Inlet Module. Start all six screws before tightening them evenly and in a diagonal sequence to 16-20 in-lbs (see figures #27 & 27A). Figure #27 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. Figure #27A 75 June, 2007 4. Lightly lubricate (with clean engine oil) and install a new o-ring (S3-138) around the base of the Mixer Module (see figure #28). Figure #28 5. Orient the Air Inlet Module (if 90O Air Horn is being used) as necessary and carefully slide it over the Mixer Module (being careful not to disturb the o-ring). Start all four 5/16” x 7/8” bolts into the Air Horn and tighten them evenly to 90-110 in-lbs. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 76 June, 2007 600VF3 and 600VF3D: NOTE: The 600VF3D uses two 600VF3 Mixer Modules. The disassembly and reassembly steps between the 600VF3 and 600VF3D carburetors are similar. The instructions are tailored to the 600VF3 carburetor. Any noteworthy difference with the 600VF3D will be called out in the instructions. Disassembly: 1) Remove the Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) from the carburetor. 2) Remove the six screws holding the Mixer Module to the Gas Inlet Module (600VF3DMixture Outlet Module) (Throttle Body) and remove the mixer. 3) Remove the J1 Gas Jet and o-ring (S3-78) from the Mixture Outlet Module (see figure #29). Figure #29 (600VF3 Illustrated) 4) Hold the Air Valve from twisting (within the Air Valve body) while you remove the Gas Valve screw (see figure #30). Figure #30 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 77 June, 2007 5) Remove the Gas Valve and inspect the piston o-ring (S3-76) for wear or damage. Replace the o-ring where necessary (see figure #31). Figure #31 Reassembly 1) Install the new V2 Gas Valve onto the stub shaft (S5-29). Keep the Air Valve from twisting (as in disassembly step #4) while tightening the screw (S1-3) to 27-33 in-lbs. NOTE: Gas Valve part numbers are marked on the flat side of most valves (see figure #32). Figure #32 2) Lightly lubricate the Gas Jet o-ring (S3-78) and install on the J1 Gas Jet. 3) Install the Gas Jet/o-ring into the Gas Inlet Module (600VF3D–Mixture Outlet Module). ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 78 June, 2007 4) Orient the Mixer Module correctly and set it in place on the Gas Inlet Module (600VF3D–Mixture Outlet Module). 5) Make sure the Mixer Module is sitting squarely and flat against the Gas Inlet Module (600VF3D–Mixture Outlet Module). Start all six screws before tightening them to 27-33 in-lbs in a diagonal sequence (see figures #33 & 33A). Figure #33 (600VF3 Illustrated) Figure #33A 6) Set a new Air Horn gasket (part number dependent on model) in place around the Mixer Module(s). Orient the Air Horn correctly for your installation and carefully set it in place over the Mixer Module(s). 7) Start all Air Horn bolts before tightening to 10 in-lbs in the illustrated sequences. Finish tightening them to the following torque values in the same sequences: A. B. 1/4”-20: 90-110 in-lbs. 3/8”-16: 29-36 ft-lbs. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies, Inc. 79 June, 2007 Inc. 3) If equipped. The Power Valve and Power Jet control the volume of fuel entering the carburetor when the engine is under load. fixed-plate Power Valve and no Power Jet. Disassembly: 1) Close the fuel shut-off valve and bleed all fuel from the fuel line. NOTE: If you are using propane or lean-burn NG at low rpm. remove the Gas Inlet Module and Mixer Module from the Mixture Outlet Module (Throttle Body). Back the set screw off 2 to 3 turns with a 3/32” Allen wrench. You may need to change the Power Valve and Power Jet to accommodate different types of fuel.Changing the Power Valve and Power Jet 400VF3 and 600VF3: NOTE: The 600VF3D carburetor has a riveted in. you may wish to use a 400VF3 Mixer Module on a 600VF3 Gas Inlet Module and Mixture Outlet Module (Throttle Body). 4) Using an open-end or box-end wrench (9/16” for 400VF3. Figure 34 (400VF3 Gas Inlet Module) Figure 34A (600VF3 Gas Inlet Module–Digester Gas or Landfill Gas) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. You will need to access the port where the fuel line enters the carburetor (in the Gas Inlet Module). keep the Power Adjust Screw from turning while removing the Power Valve with a 7/16” socket (see figures 34 through 34B). 3/4” for 600VF3). 2007 . 2) Remove the fuel line. loosen the Power Jet set screw jam nut with a 3/8” wrench. you will need to use an A3-128 adapter plate. If necessary. Remove the Power Jet from the Gas Inlet Module. 80 June. In this case. 2) Install a new Nylock nut (N1-22) onto the Power Adjust Screw and tighten it to 38-42 inlbs. Use a liquid sealant such as LoctiteTM 567 or equivalent.NG or Propane) Reassembly: 1) Install the new Power Valve onto the Power Adjust Screw. the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further. reinstall them now with a new gasket. Figure #35 (600VF3 Illustrated) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. LFG applications) are installed with the concave side towards the screw (see figures 34 and 34A). Inc.Figure 34B (600VF3 Gas Inlet Module. DO NOT use TeflonTM tape on pipe threads. orient the Power Jet correctly and install it into the Gas Inlet Valve (seat it firmly and squarely in place by hand). The pipe should be tightened securely. DO NOT over-torque or under-torque the pipe. 3) Referring to figures 34 through 34B. then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die. 5) Before reconnecting the fuel inlet pipe. (using a pocket ruler) measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet (measurement “A” on figure #35). Mark the fuel pipe the same distance from the end with a felt pen. If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads. If it will not reach the mark without over-torquing. The Belleville washer used on the 400VF3 and the 600VF3 (DG. 4) If you had to remove the Gas Inlet and Mixer Modules from the Throttle Body. 2007 . try another section of pipe or cut 1/8”. if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply. However.3/16” from the end of the pipe. 81 June. NOTE: You will have to set the power adjust screw according to whatever emissions. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 82 June.6) Tighten the Power Jet set screw and jam nut. Refer to Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor. Always set the power adjust screw while the engine is running under load. check for leaks before opening the fuel shut-off valve. and fuel economy needs you have. 7) After reconnecting the fuel line. 2007 . Inc. power. silicone (yellow) Plate for diaphragm Upper guide bushing (brown) Lower guide bushing Air valve (anodized aluminum) Screws for diaphragm cover. 400VF3: Hard Parts: Quantity (per Carb) 1 1 1 1 1 1 IMPCO Part Number D1-25 P2-62-2 B3-57 B3-58 V1-16 S1-12 Description Diaphragm.Recommended Service Parts Following is a list of service parts for the IMPCO VARIFUEL carburetors. These are the parts which wear during normal operation of the carburetors. 2007 . IMPCO recommends that you keep these parts in your inventory. Usage Description Air Inlet Module To Gas Inlet Module Gas Inlet Module To Mixture Outlet Module Mixture Outlet Module To Intake Manifold 83 June. Inc. and they are also the most likely to be damaged if an engine backfires. #8-32 x 5/16” pan head SEMS Gaskets: Quantity (per Carb) 1 1 1 1 1 Gasket Part Number S3-138 (O-ring) G1-25-2 (Turbo) G1-25 G1-27-2 (Turbo) G1-27 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Includes plate. 2007 .600VF3: Hard Parts: Quantity (per Carb) IMPCO Part Number 1 RK-D1-20-3 1 1 1 B3-60 V1-17 C1-32 Description Repair Kit. diaphragm Gaskets: Quantity (per Carb) 1 1 1 Gasket Part Number G1-77 G1-76-1 G1-78-1 G1-38 1 G1-29 S3-138 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Usage Description Air Inlet Module Air Inlet Module Gas Inlet Module T2-67. fluorosilicone diaphragm (blue). T2-17 Mixture Outlet Modules T2-9 Mixture Outlet Module T2-80 Mixture Outlet Module 84 To To To Air Inlet Pipe Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module To Intake Manifold June. Inc. Lower guide bushing (brown) Air valve (anodized aluminum) Cover. screws & upper anti-wear bushing. diaphragm Gaskets: Quantity (per Carb) Gasket Part Number Usage G1-79 1 G1-80 Optional G1-79 A2-17 A2-18-2 A2-62 A2-23 A2-17 A2-18-2 A2-23 A2-62 A2-17 A2-18-2 A2-23 A2-62 T2-18 T2-18-3 T2-62-2 A3-38 G1-86 A3-44 1 G1-82 G1-86 G1-151 (Turbo) 1 G1-81-1 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. screws & upper anti-wear bushing. Inc. fluorosilicone diaphragm (blue). 2007 . Includes plate. 85 Description Air Inlet Module To Air Inlet Pipe AT2-18-3 AT2-62-2 Air Inlet Module To Mixture Outlet Module AT2-18-1 Mixture Outlet Module To Intake Manifold or Adapter Plate Adapter Plate To Intake Manifold June. Lower guide bushing (brown) Air valve (anodized aluminum) Cover.600VF3D: Hard parts: Quantity (per Carb) IMPCO Part Number 2 RK-D1-20-3 2 2 2 B3-60 V1-17 C1-32 Description Repair Kit. 86 June. Inc.Figure #36 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . Instrument air or gas supply. But their output is non-linear because their spring loading system causes much of the droop(1) found in regulator operation. requiring no external power sources. Water pressure control. 87 June. they are more compact and lighter than other control systems. The biggest advantages of direct-operated regulators include simplicity of design. Fuel gas to burners. (1) Droop is defined as the decrease in controlled pressure that occurs when moving from a low-load to full-load flow condition. Also. the better it is (as long as it does the job). Direct-Operated Regulators (Single-Stage Regulators) Figure #36: These types of regulators can handle applications in which an outlet pressure change of 10% to 20% of setpoint is acceptable. and gas service. reduced outlet pressure while providing the required fluid or gaseous flow to satisfy a variable downstream demand.Pressure Regulators Introduction: A pressure regulator maintains a desired. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Tank blanketing. construction and operation. Two Main Types of Regulators: All regulators for pressure control are either direct-operated or pilot-operated. to attain high flow rates without excessive droop. Pressure regulators typically cost less to buy. install and maintain. It is normally expressed as a percent and is often referred to as proportional band. commercial. the simplicity of regulators makes them a standard of the industry. Based on the axiom that the simpler a control system is. 2007 . increasing force of downstream pressure closes the regulator main valve. The value at which the reduced pressure is maintained is the outlet pressure setting of the regulator. Pressure regulators are simple control devices in which all of the energy needed for operation is derived from the controlled system. another form of loading must be used. Therefore. Typical applications include: • • • • • • Industrial. Inc. In most pressure reducing regulators. Steam service. an auxiliary device called the pilot supplies loading pressure against the regulator diaphragm to open the valve. It is this multiplying effect that enables pilot-operated regulators to control pressure with greater accuracy. Applications are similar for those with direct-operated regulators.Pilot-Operated Regulators (Two-Stage Regulators) Figure #37: Figure #37 These types of regulators are a better choice when the allowable change in outlet pressure must be less than 10% of the outlet pressure setpoint. amplifier or multiplier) multiplies a small change in downstream pressure into a large change in the loading pressure applied to the regulator. instead of relying upon spring force to open the main valve. 88 June. These provide versatility in controlling pressure at a given location in the downstream system. Almost all pilot-operated regulators have downstream control lines. This type of regulator does the same job as one that is direct-operated. 2007 . but where greater accuracy and/or higher flow is required. The pilot (also called a relay. However. Inc. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. The flow rate will vary depending on regulator body size. you need to consider: • • • • • Maximum and minimum inlet pressure. choose the smallest diameter orifice. which means a flow rate typically is given for a specific setpoint. Flowing medium. Inc. inlet pressure and droop. 2007 . Temperature. orifice size and spring selection. The regulator body size will not necessarily be the same size as the pipeline and should never be larger. The regulator has to be large enough to pass the maximum flow required even with a low inlet pressure or a starved condition at the inlet. Acceptable accuracy or droop. The minimum inlet pressure and maximum flow are very critical in regulator sizing. Best performance is obtained with the smallest body and orifice selection that will handle the flow. If two or more springs have published pressure ranges that cover the desired pressure setting. the regulator body is one size smaller than the pipe size. Maximum expected flow rate.Regulator Factors to Consider: Regulator capacity information is based on very specific flow conditions. In general. Often. Every regulator represents a blend of such factors as: • • • • • Price Capacity Accuracy Stability Simplicity • Speed of response Comparison of Regulator Types: Type Accuracy Capacity Speed of Response Cost Direct-Operated Pilot-Operated = Better ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. To correctly size a regulator. This improves performance and minimizes shut-off problems. use the spring with the lower range to gain better accuracy. Most soft seated regulators maintain the pressure within reasonable limits down to zero flow. 89 June. if more than one orifice can handle the flow. 2007 .IMPCO IMP Regulator ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 90 June. 91 June.IMPCO IMP Regulators Fuel Pressure Regulators for VARIFUEL Carburetors Specifications: Dimensions (Standard Pressure Reduction Valves): Standard A B C D E F G H Application Pressure Overall Overall Overall Bottom to Centerline Center of Inlet & Vent Boss Reduction Length Width Height Center of to Center Vapor Outlet Diameter Valve Vapor of Vent Fluid NPT Fuel Boss Outlet to Outlet Top of Vent Boss CA55/100 IMP52 3 3/16” 3 ¼” 5 1/16” 1 ½” 1 3/32” 2” ¾” 1/8” Series 200 IMP53 3 5/8” 3 7/8” 5 9/16” 1 11/32” 1 15/32” 2 11/32” 1” 1/8” Series 400VF3 IMP60 4 3/8” 5 7/16” 6 7/16” 1 21/32” 1 27/32” 2 7/8” 1 ¼” 1/8” Series 600VF3 IMP81 6” 7” 8 3/8” 2 1/32” 2 3/8” 3 1/16” 1 ½” 1/8” Series 600VF3 & IMP91 7 1/8” 9 1/8” 10 ½” 2 7/16” 3 ¼” 4 3/16” 2” 1/8” 600VF3D Series ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 . Inc. It can be adjusted for best power. In addition. Under heavy loads. If it does. They are: • Size and shape of the gas valve. For more information. idling. • Power adjust screw on the carburetor. • Fuel pressure entering the carburetor. Power Adjust Screw: The power adjust screw on the carburetor determines the air/fuel mixture when the engine is at full power (rated speed under full load). Inc. 92 June. the fuel pressure will have little effect on the air/fuel ratio. 2007 . or running under light loads. custom-built gas valves and jets are available for special applications. Fuel Pressure: The pressure of the fuel entering the carburetor will have a significant effect on the air/fuel ratio when the engine is starting.General Information: There are three main factors which affect the air/fuel ratio. or best emissions. the power adjust screw is set too far in. contact your nearest IMPCO distributor. Gas Valve and Jet: The IMPCO VARIFUEL series carburetors are designed to accept various sizes and shapes of gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and various engine performance curves. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. best fuel economy. The power adjust screw will have little effect when the engine is starting or idling. and the engine will not be able to develop full power. Figure #38 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. The best approach is to use a main regulator and a subregulator in series. 2007 . 93 June.5” H2O column as the engine approaches full power (rated speed under full load). then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub-regulator is too small. If it does. with no elbows to restrict the flow. the main regulator produces around 20” H2O column of fuel pressure.Standard IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Fuel Inlet Pressure: The IMPCO VARIFUEL 400VF3. If it will not. and a sub-regulator (located within two feet of the carburetor) produces 5” H2O column of fuel pressure to the carburetor (see figure #38). the fuel pressure sub-regulator should be located close to the carburetor. In this case. 600VF3 and 600VF3D carburetors are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5 inches water column (5” H2O column. For this reason. the fuel inlet pressure should not drop by more than 1. refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance on page 69 and verify the engine will achieve maximum power. measured with the engine at fast idle). NOTE: The input pressure to the sub-regulator (IMP) must not exceed 1 PSI (27” H2O column) of fuel pressure. In addition. 500 2.80 4.48 1.500 1.84 0.24 0.52 2.39 0.13 1.000 2.09 0.800 1.78 3.56 0.46 2.300 1.900 1.38 1.58 2.500 7.86 3. Rate of Flow (CFH/0.54 0.000 9.000 8.31 2.87 1.700 1.82 2.07 1.33 2.27 0.78 0.95 3.500 4.25 0.12 2.200 1.27 3.000 6.500 8.15 0.600 1.10 0. Pressure Drop (Inches Water Column) 5.23 0. Inc.62 0.000 3.39 1.43 0.45 1.90 5.16 1.41 0.000 4.71 0.38 0.18 52 3/4" 4.000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 IMP Model Pipe Size ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.03 2.20 0.14 0.20 0.44 0.18 0.16 60 1 1/4" 5.79 1.24 0.32 0.26 1. Maximum recommended capacity limit is at a flow equivalent to 4.52 0.71 1.500 3.39 3.33 0.90 2.64 0.30 4.90 4.64 Specific Gravity of Gas) 10.78 0.50 0.16 0.000 1.28 0.400 1.100 1.58 1. 2007 .90 2.Flow Capacities: The following chart illustrates pressure drop values for each model IMP regulator in the full open position.73 0.76 1.37 3.20 0.500 9.95 4. Differential pressure (inlet pressure minus outlet pressure) must be at least twice the pressure drop value for practical use.13 53 1" 94 7.09 0.09 1.22 0.0 inches H2O pressure drop.37 0.85 3.80 4.63 0.000 7.22 0.13 81 1 1/2" 4.500 5.70 0.35 2.65 1.93 0.000 5.12 91 2" June.95 0.55 2.500 6. and install a 1” NPT reducer in its place. Balance Lines: In all configurations. Use 5/16” or (preferably) 3/8” pipe or steel tubing for the 400VF3 and 600VF3 carburetors and 3/8” or (preferably) ½” ID pipe or steel tubing for the 600VF3D duplex carburetor. you will need to remove the vent screen. Also. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Without the balance line. Even when the primary regulator is close to the carburetor. 95 June. DO NOT connect the regulators backwards. a turbocharged engine will be starved for fuel under any significant load. but the IMP sub-regulator should be within two feet of the carburetor. subregulator (if used) and the carburetor inlet (see figure #39). Figure #39 The IMP sub-regulator must be mounted upright (as in figure #39).Regulator Installation Primary Regulator & Sub-Regulator: The regulator should be located in the fuel line (as close to the carburetor as possible) to reduce restrictions and prevent surging in the fuel system. Inc. Never apply more than 1 PSI (27” H2O) to the IMP sub-regulator. On some primary regulators. an IMP sub-regulator is required. In this configuration. the arrow on the IMP sub-regulator represents the direction of fuel flow. This is especially important on turbocharged engines. If the primary regulator will be more than twelve feet away from the carburetor. The use of copper tubing is not recommend. the IMP sub-regulator is recommended for more precise control of the fuel pressure. downstream from the primary regulator (see figure #39). you should install a balance line between the primary regulator. which allows better control of the exhaust emissions and fuel economy. the primary regulator can be any distance from the carburetor. 2007 . DO NOT use Teflon tape. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.Air/Fuel Ratio Controller: If you use a separate air/fuel ratio controller. install it between the sub-regulator and the carburetor (see figure #40). 2007 . Figure #40 Fuel Lines: For fuel line connections. 96 June. because it can foul the carburetor. Use a liquid thread sealant (such as Loctite 567 or equivalent) on all pipe threads. Inc. use local code approved pipe. Inc. The power adjust screw (see figure #39) determines the air/fuel ratio while the engine is under load. Following the manufacturer’s instructions. adjust the regulator until the meter/gauge reads 5” H2O column.include in ITK-1 tool kit) to the fuel line 4-18” from the carburetor. Figure #41 2) 3) Turn on the fuel supply. Adjusting the Primary Regulator: 1) Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge (such as the IMPCO TG-010. you will need to install the manufacturer’s recommended spring to maintain 5” H2O outlet pressure. 2007 . lean the mixture (tighten the power adjust screw) slightly before you proceed. you will need to preset the power adjust screw. Primary Regulator Only: If you will be using a primary regulator without a sub-regulator. no load). A good starting point for this screw is four turns out from base (screw spring fully compressed) for the 400VF3 and 600VF3 carburetors and three turns from base for the 600VF3D duplex carburetor. Start the engine.Adjusting Primary and Sub-Regulators Before you can start the engine. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 97 June. NOTE: If detonation occurs. This should prevent misfire and detonation while you are setting the fuel pressure. you will need a custom gas valve. If you cannot take the engine from idle to full load without detonation. Connect the low pressure side of the meter/gauge to the balance line (see figure #41). and run it at fast idle (rated speed. adjust the primary regulator first. You will need to install the primary regulator manufacturer’s recommended spring to maintain 20” H2O outlet pressure. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 98 June. Inc. Connect the low pressure side of the meter/gauge to the balance line (see figure #42). 2007 . Adjusting the Primary Regulator: 1) 2) Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge (such as the Dwyer Magnehelic™ number 2-5040) to the IMP sub-regulator input pressure port.Primary Regulator with IMP Sub-Regulator: If you are using both a primary regulator and an IMP sub-regulator. Figure #42 3) Unscrew the dust cap on the primary regulator and turn on the fuel supply. Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge (such as the IMPCO TG-010–include in ITK-1 tool kit) to the IMP sub-regulator output pressure port. Connect the low pressure side of the meter/gauge to the balance line (see figure #42). Replacing the IMP Sub-Regulator Spring: If you cannot adjust the IMP sub-regulator to 5” H2O column. and run it at fast idle (rated speed. then you will have to install a different spring. Remove the pressure adjusting screw from the neck of the regulator by unscrewing it. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2) Turn the IMP sub-regulator pressure adjusting screw until the appropriate meter/gauge reads 5” H2O column. Inc. 1) Unscrew the dust cap on the IMP sub-regulator and maintain the engine at high idle. 99 June. Turn on the fuel supply and perform the 2-step IMP sub-regulator adjustment (see above). 2) Unscrew the dust cap on top of the IMP sub-regulator. you can proceed to adjusting the IMP subregulator. Remove the spring and install the alternate spring (see figure #43).4) Start the engine. no load). 2007 . Adjusting the IMP Sub-Regulator: After the primary regulator is properly adjusted. Turn the pressure adjusting screw on the primary regulator until the appropriate meter/gauge reads 18-22” H2O column. Figure #43 3) 4) Reinstall the pressure adjusting screw and tighten it to about half way down the neck of the regulator. 1) Turn off the fuel supply and slowly release the pressure in the fuel line. Reinstall the dust cap on the primary regulator. Gaseous Fuel Benefits: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Reduced emissions Longer engine life Reduced maintenance cost Eliminates fuel pilferage.150 LPG • Light Crude Oil • Gasoline Extraction • Natural Gas 2. 2007 . CNG. LNG) BTU per ft3 750–1.General Information A.750 500-750 Common Usage • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Engine Fuel Co-generation Cooking Heating Water Heating Air Conditioning Clothes Dryers Engine Fuel Co-generation Cooking Heating Water Heating Air Conditioning Clothes Dryers Engine Fuel Co-generation Cooking Heating Water Heating Air Conditioning Clothes Dryers Stationary Engine Fuel • Co-generation • Stationary Engine Fuel • Co-generation Engine Applications • Automotive • Off-Road and Farm Vehicles • Material Handling • Industrial Engines • Automotive • Off-Road and Farm Vehicles • Material Handling • Industrial Engines • Automotive • Off-Road and Farm Vehicles • Material Handling • Industrial Engines • Industrial Engines • Industrial Engines B. Gaseous Fuel Types: Fuel Type Origin Natural Gas • Gas Wells (NG. spillage and evaporation Improved fuel system integrity Eliminates underground fuel storage concerns ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc.700 Biogas (Landfill & • Sewage and Waste Digester) Treatment Facilities Coal Seam Gas • Coal Fields 400.500 Butane Gas • Light Crude Oil • Gasoline Extraction • Natural Gas 2. 100 June. The following chart reflects how the different pressure units relate to each other. Find the unit of pressure you want to convert into in the columns on the top.386 33. the affects of friction.015 0. Oil used in gaseous-fueled engines may remain cleaner than oil in gasoline or diesel engines.030 0. heat and pressure cause oil to deteriorate and it should be changed even though it looks clean.074 0.8 Millibars Inches of Water Column Inches of Mercury Column Pounds per Square Inch (PSI) Kilopascal (kPa) Millibar Inches of Water Column 1 0.036 1 6.68 2.036 0. Crankcase Oil Requirements: Always follow the engine manufacturer’s recommendations for oil type and change intervals. Inc.491 3. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.015 0. it is very important to be familiar with the different types of pressure measurements used to test and troubleshoot problems with gaseous fuel systems.6 X 2.145 1 10.491 Inches of Mercury Column 13. Pressure Conversion Chart: LPG and CNG are stored under high pressure. 101 June.491: 23.295 0. Chart Instructions: 1) 2) 3) Find the known unit of pressure in the rows on the left.100 1 D.0 Millibar 0.6 by 2.401 0.895 68-948 Kilopascal (kPa) 4. However.7 1 0.249 2. Example: To convert 23. Multiply by the factor in the corresponding square. multiply the 23.491 = 58. These high pressures must be reduced before the fuel enters the engine. Therefore.864 Pounds per Square Inch (PSI) 27. 2007 .C.6 Inches of Water Column to Millibars. The power output of an engine is calculated at 59oF (15oC) and a pressure of one atmosphere (14.01pr=100-18=82 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.6oC) increase in temperature. As air temperature rises. As the air is heated. The cooler the temperature of the engine’s incoming air. it takes a larger volume to make up the seven pounds required to make the one HP. it expands becoming lighter (like a hot air balloon). 5. its density is reduced through expansion.sea level). Since the air is now lighter. 102 June. This decrease in power output can be explained by the fact that an engine requires seven pounds of air to make one horsepower (HP) for one hour.E. which will damage or destroy an engine in short order. Example: An engine produces 100 HP breathing in air at 60oF. A 100 CID 4-stroke engine can only push 100 cubic inches of air for every 2 revolutions of the crankshaft. the better it is for the engine. This same engine will only make 82 HP breathing in air at 240oF. This reduction in density decreases the volumetric efficiency of the engine with a resultant decrease in power output. The displacement is fixed by the engine’s bore and stroke. Effects of Air Temperature on Power Output: The temperature of the air entering an engine is very important for two reasons: 1) 2) Hot air entering an engine can cause detonation and pre-ignition. there is a one percent (1%) loss in the engine’s power output. 2007 . Inc.7 PSI. An engine running at its rated full load rpm can only pump a fixed volume of air. For every ten-degree Fahrenheit (10oF. HP=100-q100o(240-60)I10po0. 7 PSI.7 pounds of air molecules pushing down on every square inch. the density of the air decreases due to less available atmosphere molecules (at sea level there is 14. The rate of power output decrease is 3% for every 1. As stated earlier.sea level).F. 103 June. Example: An engine that produces 100 HP at sea level will only produce 70 HP at 10. This has the same effect on power output as increasing temperature. decreasing with altitude). an engine’s power output is calculated at 59oF (15oC) and a pressure of one atmosphere (14. As altitude increases.000 feet. HP=100-q100o10000I1000po0. Effects of Altitude on Power Output: The altitude at which an engine is operating has a dramatic effect on its power output. Inc. 2007 .03pr=100-30=70 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.000 foot increase in altitude. 9” = 7.000’ is: 16. NOTE: Refer to Correction Table for Altitude on page 133 for the standard manifold depression corrections at selected altitudes.G. Inc.45” HG column.92” HG column atmospheric pressure minus 9” HG column manifold pressure will read 20.45” of HG column. Effects of Altitude on Intake Manifold Depression (Vacuum): 1) The Absolute Pressure produced in the intake manifold during the intake cycles of an engine is constant at approximately nine inches (9”) of mercury (HG) column above zero absolute pressure (with engine unloaded).000’ altitude is approximately 16. • Atmospheric pressure at 15. • 3) At sea level. 2007 . 29. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 104 June. The manifold depression at 15. 2) Manifold depression (as measured with a mercury manometer) is the difference between 9” absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.45”.92” manifold depression on the HG manometer. Manifold depression lessens at higher altitudes due to the lower density of the air at increasing altitudes. 1.34 parts air/1 part propane by volume.3 (ft3 air) + 1 (ft3 propane) = 24. Air Displacement by Fuel (and the Effect On Power Output): 1) Diesel direct injection displaces no air due to the fuel being injected after all of the air is drawn into the engine during the intake cycle. 92.34 ft3 total volume. 2007 . Assuming negligible displacement of air by gasoline.000 ft3 of air per hour would produce 999 HP. vaporization of gasoline cools the incoming air making it denser adding mass to the intake charge.052#/ft3 Using the same formulas. Air weighs 0.220 ÷ 92.6 (parts air) x 0. gasoline produces 999 HP Propane produces 958 HP (4% air displacement) NG produces 921 HP (8% air displacement) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. NG weighs 0.34 (ft3 total) = 3780 ft3 propane 92.1187 pounds (#) per cubic foot (ft3). 2) Gasoline vapor displaces a minimal amount of air at full load since it is only partially vaporized as it enters the cylinder. the power output for the same engine would be 921.6/1) by weight. 105 June. The HP produced running the same engine on propane (due to the air displacement) would be: 24. • • • • Propane’s stoichiometric (ideal) fuel ratio is 15.000 (ft3 air) ÷ 24. Inc. Also.9 HP 4) Natural Gas (NG) has an even higher displacement of air resulting in even more loss of power output.85 (# air) ÷ 0. 3) Propane enters the induction system as a vapor adding no cooling effect to the charge from vaporization.000 (ft3 air). Propane’s stoichiometric ratio by volume would then be: 15.3/1 by weight. Summary: In this example. • • • • NG stoichiometric ratio is 17.85# of air.076# per ft3 (at sea level). Propane weighs 0.1187 (# of propane) = 1.220 ft3 air • • Remembering an engine requires 7# of air to make 1 HP for one hour: 88.076 (# air/ft3) = 24.076)] = 957. an engine running on gasoline and consuming 92.3780 (ft3 propane) = 88.6 parts air to 1 part fuel (15.34 (ft3 of air) = 24.1 ft3 [volume of 7# of air (7 ÷ 0. This is the ratio of air and fuel where all of the fuel and most of the oxygen (O2) is consumed in combustion resulting in the best performance with least emissions.1 HP running on NG.H. 92” Hg (atmospheric absolute) minus 9” Hg = 20.92” of mercury column (14. Average absolute pressure obtainable inside the intake manifold of an unloaded engine is 9” of mercury.92” Hg manifold depression (vacuum). Absolute Pressure: This is the actual pressure above a perfect vacuum (which is impractical to produce mechanically). generally with reference to atmospheric pressure as one of the two. then intake manifold depression is low. or about 4. When the throttle valve is wide open (hard acceleration). This is what you read on an intake manifold vacuum gauge.Air-Terms and Measurement The condition of air is described by the terms: • • • • • • Atmospheric Pressure Absolute Pressure Pressure Differential Volume Weight and Density Gauge Pressure Atmospheric Pressure: This is the absolute pressure above a perfect vacuum at any geographic location or temperature. 106 June.7 PSI) at 59O Fahrenheit. 2007 .5 PSI above a perfect vacuum. Pressure Differential: This is the difference between two pressures. it follows: 29. When the throttle valve is nearly closed (idle or deceleration). • • Intake manifold depression (vacuum) is actually a measurement (in inches of mercury) between atmospheric pressure and absolute pressure within the manifold as produced by the air pumping action of the engine against the throttle valve. temperature or movement of atmospheric air masses will change this figure. and will be shown on a barometer (which registers in inches of mercury column). • • The atmospheric pressure at seal level is calculated to be 29. Inc. then intake manifold depression is high. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Since the mean atmospheric pressure at sea level is 29. Any change in altitude.92” Hg (mercury). the pistons continue to draw the same volume of air and gas into the cylinders. Inc. The same volume is drawn in per revolution. whether the engine is naturally aspirated or supercharged to several pounds above atmospheric pressure. however. the volume of air and gas required to fill those cylinders is constant. The only difference between this condition and when the engine is at wide open throttle is the weight and density of the charge are less. In the IMPCO air valve carburetor. • Since an engine of given displacement pumps air into cylinders of a constant size. with the weight and density of the charge being greater than a normally aspirated engine. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. the air valve opens in relation to throttle position the same distance. there are more or less revolutions in the allotted time. When the carburetor throttle valve is closed (causing a high manifold depression or vacuum). being a measurement of space rather than a condition of air or gas.Volume: Volume is constant. 107 June. 2007 . • The only change in total volume entering the cylinders occurs when rpm changes. A supercharged engine also draws the same volume into the engine. Weight and Density of Air: • • • • Weight and density of air of a given volume vary proportionally with pressure. Weight and density of the charge introduced into the cylinder during the intake cycle directly affects the density of the charge upon compression. During the compression cycle of an engine. the average weight of natural gas is: 0. Weighs approximately 0. • • By this formula.92” Hg pressure. The specific gravity of air is 1. Air Properties: • • • • • • Weighs 0. Since the air/fuel mass drawn into the cylinder weighs less. The . The same tank of air pressurized to 1000 PSI contains a more dense mass of air. 2007 .92” Hg pressure.076 lb/ft3 @ 59O F and 29. Consequently.076 lb/ft3 = 0.0. a measurement above or below atmospheric pressure (as indicated on the vacuum gauge connected to the intake manifold). 1 ft3 of air contains 0. the charge becomes denser as the piston compresses it. Weighs 1% less for each 10O above 59O F. 108 June. Weighs 3% less with each 1000 feet above sea level. the more power will be produced when the charge is ignited. Natural Gas Properties (Average): The average weight of natural gas (compared to air) is a product of the specific gravity of natural gas (0.042 lb/ft3 @ 15. Therefore.21 ft3 oxygen @ 59O F and 29. The denser the mass is (within practical limits).0528 lb/ft3 @ 59O F and 29. Weighs approximately 0. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. while total weight of the charge drawn into a cylinder does not increase.695 x 0. A higher compression ratio may be used at high altitude. the charge becomes heavier per cubic inch of volume when compressed. the air/fuel ratio remains constant from sea level to high altitude. Inc.92” Hg pressure.695) times the weight of air (at a given temperature and pressure). and the increased weight will cause it to sink. more generally.000 feet altitude.0695 (specific gravity) times the weight of air is constant with altitude change (assuming air and gas temperature remain constant). it can be compressed to a higher degree to reach practical limits of density when ignited. Gauge Pressure: This can be absolute pressure (as indicated on a barometer) or. An air receiver tank filled with air at atmospheric pressure will float on water.0714 lb/ft3 @ 120O F. 5617 (specific gravity) times the weight of air is constant with altitude change (assuming air and gas temperature remain constant). it consumes approximately 10. 2007 . Oklahoma-High heat value of 1023 BTU’s/ft3. Low heat value (LHV) is the actual heat in BTU’s/ft3 available to do work. The difference is the BTU’s/ft3 used in the chemical reactions necessary to convert the air and gas into its combustion components (such as water and carbon dioxide). The low heat value is the high heat value times 0. Pennsylvania-High heat value of 1228 BTU’s/ft3. As with natural gas.076 lb/ft3 = 0.902 (LHV = HHV x 0. Wisconsin-High heat value of 987 BTU’s/ft3.The BTU (British Thermal Unit) content of natural gas varies considerably from region-toregion and from producing field-to-producing field (within a region). most of the available BTU’s in the fuel are wasted as heat exiting the exhaust.000 BTU’s. the 1. It represents all of the potential heat in a cubic foot of gas. the air/fuel ratio remains constant from sea level to high altitude. • • By this formula. the weight of propane vapor is: 1. For an engine to produce one horsepower for one hour.92” Hg pressure. Some regional natural gas BTU contents are: • • • • • • Texas (some fields)-High heat value of 742 BTU’s/ft3. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.1187 lb/ft3 @ 59O F and 29.0). Therefore. Inc. This is a very useful tool for determining regulator and fuel delivery pipe sizing. 109 June. Propane Properties (Vapor): The weight of propane vapor (compared to air) is a product of the specific gravity of propane (1. However.902). (The specific gravity of air is 1.5617) times the weight of air (at a given temperature and pressure). Horsepower (as it relates to BTU Consumption): Horsepower can be defined as: 2545 BTU’s to make one horsepower for one hour (1 HP/Hr = 2545 BTU). High heat value (HHV) is the total amount of heat available in BTU’s/ft3 as measured by a calorimeter.5617 x 0. 600VF3-125 110 June. 600VF3DX-1-2.IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Application by Engine Manufacturer ENGINE MANUFACTURER ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR G379 G397 G398 G398 TA G399 TA G3406 G3408 G3412 G3508 G3512 G3516 G3520 6G-825 6GT-825 8G-825 8GT-825 L10-230 L10-240NG G12/G-743 GTA12/GTA743A GTA14 GTA855A GTA855B GTA19/GTA1150 GTA28/GTA1710 400VF3U-1-2 400VF3X-1-2 400VF3X-3-2 NG400VF3X-3-2 NG600VF3X-8-2 w/A2-27 Caterpillar Cooper. NG600VF3D-9-2 600VF3DX-1 400VF3X-1-2 400VF3X-3-2 400VF3X-1-2 400VF3X-3-2 600VF3 600VF3 w/T2-7. DG600VF3DX-1-2 600VF3DX-1 600VF3DX-1. 600VF3 600VF3 600VF3DX-1. Inc.Superior Cummins Cummins (Natural Gas) ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 600VF3 600VF3 NG600VF3DX-6-2. 600VF3DX-1-2. 400VF3. 2007 . 2007 . 600VF3DX-5-2 600VF3DX-3-2 600VF3 400VF3 400VF3U-1-2 400VF3 400VF3U-3-2 400VF3 600VF3 400VF3 600VF3 111 June. Inc.ENGINE MANUFACTURER ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR PVG-6 SVG-8 SVG-10 SVG-12 KVG-10 KVG-12 KVS-6 KVS-12 48KVG 410KVGB 412KVGR 412KVS 12V-AT25GL 12V-AT27GL 8L-AT27GL F1197G F817G VFG F18G VFG F18GL VFG F18GLD VFG H24G VFG H24GL VFG H24GLD VFG L36GL VFG L36GLD VFG P48GL VFG P48GLD VHP 2895 VHP 3521 600VF3DX-3-2 600VF3DX-3-2 Ingersoll-Rand Waukesha ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 600VF3U (2X) 600VF3DU (2X) 600VF3DX (2X) 600VF3DX (4X) 400VF3U-1-2 400VF3U-3-2 112 June.ENGINE MANUFACTURER ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR 600VF3U Waukesha F3521GSI VHP 5108 VHP 5790 L5790GSI 5790GL VHP 7042 VHP 9390 P9390GSI VSG F11G VSG F11GSI/GSID ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. 2007 . BTU: (check one) IMPCO: Carburetor: Mixer: Gas Inlet Module: Mixture Outlet Module (Throttle Body): Air Inlet Module (Air Horn) Adapters: Written By: ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Inc. Gas Conversion Kit: Pressure Regulator: Pressure Sub-Regulator: Accessories/Options: 113 June.Large Engine Application Information Worksheet (Complete and forward to your local distributor) Name: Company: Location: Date: Telephone: Fax: Engine Manufacturer: Displacement: Configuration: Inline one) Rated Speed: Aspiration: Normal Stoichiometric Cubic In. Vee (check one) rpm Turbocharged Lean Burn AFC Installed: Yes No Carburetor: Model # Model: Year: Liters (check one) # of Cylinders: 4-Cycle Rated Power Supercharged BHP 2-Cycle (check KW (check one) (check one) (check one) (check one) Type: SAE Flange Size: Fuel Type: NG LPG Digester Land Fill (check one) Known Contaminants: Minimum Fuel Pressure @ Carburetor (Engine @ Full Load): Minimum Fuel Pressure @ Carburetor (Engine not Running): Engine Location: Engine Application: Generator Compressor Pump Other NOTES: Ignition Type: Throttle Body Bolt Ctr. 2007 . Figure #44 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. digital manometers are very accurate. Inc. It can and should be used to measure or calibrate other face type gauges. Taking a reading: • • Connect the manometer to the source of pressure. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use on these types of meters. vacuum or differential pressure according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Electronic Manometer (Figure #45): Electronic. They support a wide array of functions making them extremely versatile. While pressure is applied. Figure #45 114 June. It is designed to measure slight positive and negative pressures. yet very convenient and easy to use pressure measurement tool.Test Equipment/Tools U-Tube Manometer: The U-tube manometer is a highly accurate. add the number of inches one column travels up to he amount the other column travels down. 2007 . but more costly than a U-tube manometer. • 0-10” H2O Column Gauge: For measuring IMPCO pressure regulator. 115 June. • G2-2 Lever Gauge: For correct adjustment of the IMPCO pressure regulator. secondary pressure.IMPCO ITK-1 Test Kit: The IMPCO ITK-1 test kit is designed for testing and troubleshooting IMPCO gaseous fuel systems. secondary lever. • 0-5 PSI Gauge: For measuring IMPCO pressure regulator. primary pressure. Inc. • Assorted Fittings • Hose • Instructions Figure #46 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. The kit contains the following: • 0-200 PSI Gauge: For measuring fuel container pressure or (on dual fuel systems) it may be used to measure gasoline fuel system pressure. 2007 . It is used for measuring various types of electrical signals. Some important characteristics of a DVOM are: • • • High-impedance (safe for sensitive. Figure #48 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. Figure #47 Digital Volt and Ohm Meter (DVOM): The DVOM is a standard and essential diagnostic tool. Inc. This is the only empirical way to ensure adherence to emission requirements. adjustable sample rates. solid state circuits) Very accurate Filtered. The use of a Fluke™ or equivalent DVOM is highly recommended for their reliability and accuracy.Gas Exhaust Gas Analyzer: IMPCO recommends the use of a 5-gas exhaust gas analyzer (such as the Infrared Industries FGA5000). 2007 . 116 June. 48 x 104 = 424.915 cubic inches The power of 10-2 indicates moving the decimal point two places to the left (or minus side) of the result. The powers of ten are used to reduce the length of unwieldy numbers.800 cubic centimeters The power of the 104 indicates moving the decimal point 4 places to the right (or plus side) of the results. ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 117 June. to transpose it to a desired equivalent unit and quantity. and to assist in the proper placement of the decimal point in the result. the following table of conversion factors is expressed entirely as multiplication of a known unit and quantity.5 x 10-2 = 0. 2007 .832 x 104 To Obtain Cubic Centimeters 15 x 2.Conversion Factors Powers of Ten: For simplification.832 x 104 = cubic centimeters 42.1 x 10-2 = cubic inches 91. Multiply 15 Cubic Feet By 2.10 x 10-2 To Obtain Cubic Inches 15 x 6. Inc. Examples: Multiply 15 Cubic Centimeters By 6. 155 4.54 0.257 2.38 4840 39092 6.3937 0.52 109 9x1020 39364 39361 1/9x10-20 1.02471 118 To Obtain Amperes Statamperes Amperes per sq inch Ampere-turns Gilberts Ampere-turns per inch Coulombs Statcoulombs Coulombs per sq inch Farads Statfarads Henries Millihenries Stathenries Mhos per mil foot Megmhos per cm cube Megohms microhms Ohms Statohms Micohms per cm cube Ohms per mil foot Statvolts Volts Cubic feet Gallons Square feet Square meters Square miles Square varas Square yards Abamperes Amperes per sq inch Abamperes per sq cm Amperes per sq cm Statamperes per sq cm Abampere-turns Gilberts Ampere-turns per inch Abampere-turns per cm Ampere-turns per cm Gilberts per cm Newton Centimeters Acres June. By 10 3x10-10 64.259x105 43560 4047 1.03937 0.57 25.662x102 103 39370 39358 39364 1/9x10-20 39358 6. Inc.Conversion Table Multiply Abamperes Abamperes Abamperes per sq cm Abampere-turns Abampere-turns Abampere-turns per cm Abcoulombs Abcoulombs Abcoulombs per sq cm Abfarads Abfarads Abhenries Abhenries Abhenries Abmhos per cm cube Abmhos per cm cube Abohms Abohms Abohms Abohms Abohms per cm cube Abohms per cm cube Abvolts Abvolts Acre-feet Acre-feet Acres Acres Acres Acres Acres Amperes Amperes per sq cm Amperes per sq inch Amperes per sq inch Amperes per sq inch Ampere-turns Ampere-turns Ampere-turns per cm Ampere-turns per inch Ampere-turns per inch Ampere-turns per inch Amp-weber/meter Angstrom unit Ares ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.015x10-3 1/3x10-10 39363 43560 3.4 10 3x1010 64.453 0.0155 0.562x10-3 5645.52 10 12. 2007 .495 1 39363 0.650x108 39092 1. 01 1.01757 17.3937 0.058 76 29.020x10-3 1.233x10-5 0.02356 0.9 10.928x10-4 8.244 2150 0.03524 4 64 32 0.7 39360 7.Multiply Ares Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Average noon sunlight on 1 sq meter Bar Board-feet British thermal units British thermal units British thermal units British thermal units British thermal units British thermal units BTU per cu ft BTU per min BTU per min BTU per min BTU per min BTU per pound BTU per sq ft BTU per sq ft per min BTU/(hr)(sq ft)(deg F) Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels Bushels Calorie Centares Centigrams Centiliters Centimeter-dynes Centimeter-dynes Centimeter-dynes Centimeter-grams Centimeter-grams Centimeter-grams Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 1 14.57 0.92 Approx.899 12.4461 119 To Obtain Square meters Feet of water Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq inch Tons per sq foot Cms of mercury Inches of mercury Kilowatt-hours Pounds per sq inch Cubic inches Kilogram-calories Foot-pounds Horsepower-hours Joules Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours Kg-cal per cu meter Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower Kilowatts Watts Kg-cal per kg Kg-cal per sq meter Watts per sq inch Kg-cal/(hr)(sq m)(deg C) Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Pecks Pints (dry) Quarts (dry) Joule Sq meters Grams Liters Centimeter-grams Meter-kilograms Pound-feet Centimeter-dynes Meter-kilograms Pound-feet Inches Meters Mils Millimeters Angstrom unit Atmospheres Feet of water June. Inc.253 777.927x10-4 1054 107.5 3.020x10-8 7. 2007 .376x10-8 980. By 100 33.239 1 0.7 10 108 0.01 0.122 4.88 1.01 393.712 0.7 1.01316 0.5 2.96 0.5 144 0.333 14.5556 2. 057x10-3 2.01732 16.787x10-4 1.642x10-4 39358 2. Inc.472 62.32 59.639x10-2 0.650x10-5 3.155 4.481 28.6 0.84 29.1247 0.278x10-4 5.92 472 0.639x10-5 120 To Obtain Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq foot Pounds per sq inch Feet per minute Feet per second Kilometers per hour Meters per minute Miles per hour Miles per minute Sq centimeters Sq inches Sq mils Feet per sec per sec Km per hour per sec Miles per hour per sec Cubic feet Abcoulombs Statcoulombs Abcoulombs per sq cm Coulombs per sq cm Statcoulombs per sq cm Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic cms Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic cm per sec Gallons per sec Liters per sec Lb of water per min Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic meters June.036 0.03281 0.036 0.03463 0.969 0.10x10-2 39361 1.02237 128 39092 3x108 0.4 4.854x10-7 0.39 5.7854 0.067x10-4 7.308x10-6 2.113x10-3 1.03704 7.02832 0.Multiply Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters of mercury Centimeters per second Centimeters per second Centimeters per second Centimeters per second Centimeters per second Centimeters per second Circular mils Circular mils Circular mils Cm per sec per sec Cm per sec per sec Cm per sec per sec Cords Coulombs Coulombs Coulombs per sq inch Coulombs per sq inch Coulombs per sq inch Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic feet Cubic ft per minute Cubic ft per minute Cubic ft per minute Cubic ft per minute Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches Cubic inches ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.0155 0. 2007 .329x10-3 1.03281 0.85 0.832x104 1728 0.02237 3. By 136 27.1924 1.531x10-5 6. 020x10-3 7.143x105 106 35.0625 39360 1.01745 3600 0.002778 10 10 0.31 61023 1308 264.7854 3.248x10-6 1 9. Inc.74 24 1440 86400 10 0.1 0.1 60 0.Multiply Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic meters Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards Cubic yards per min Cubic yards per min Cubic yards per min Days Days Days Decameters Decigrams Deciliters Decimeters Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees (angle) Degrees per sec Degrees per sec Degrees per sec Dekagrams Dekaliters Diameter squared Diameter squared Drams Drams Dynes Dynes Dynes Dynes Dynes per sq cm Ergs Ergs Ergs Ergs ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.6 1616 807.45 3.233x10-5 2.1667 0. By 2. 2007 .772 0.646x105 27 46656 0.1416 1.2 103 2113 1057 7.1 0.376x10-8 1.48x10-11 1 7.9 0.7646 202 764.367 12.020x10-3 121 To Obtain Cubic yards Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic yards Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Gallons Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic ft per sec Gallons per sec Liters per sec Hours Minutes Seconds Meters Grams Liters Meters Minutes Radians Seconds Radians per sec Revolutions per min Revolutions per sec Grams Liters Area of a circle Area of a sphere Grams Ounces Newtons Grams Poundals Pounds Bars BTUs Dyne-centimeters Foot-pounds Gram-centimeters June.01745 0. 6818 0.29 0.36 39085 0.766x10-7 1.48 1.48 12 0. By 39362 2.050x10-7 1.8826 304.241x10-4 1. Inc.426x10-6 7.286x10-3 0.8 62.692x10-9 4.01829 0. 2007 .097 18.4335 1 0.356x107 5.39x10-11 1.01667 0.3048 0.01136 30.0295 0.3048 0.01667 3.3048 0.341x10-10 1.48 1.Multiply Ergs Ergs Ergs Ergs per sec Ergs per sec Ergs per sec Ergs per sec Ergs per sec Ergs per sec Farads Farads Farads Fathoms Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet of water Feet per 100 feet Feet per min Feet per min Feet per min Feet per min Feet per min Feet per sec Feet per sec Feet per sec Feet per sec Feet per sec Feet per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per min ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.020x10-8 5.030x10-5 122 To Obtain Joules Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters BTU per min Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower Kg-calories per min Kilowatts Abfarads Microfarads Statfarads Feet Centimeters Inches Meters Varas Yards Atmospheres Inches of mercury Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq ft Pounds per sq inch Per cent grade Centimeters per sec Feet per sec Kilometers per hr Meters per min Miles per hr Centimeters per sec Kilometers per hr Meters per min Miles per hr Miles per min Cm per sec per sec Cm per sec per sec Meters per sec per sec Miles per hr per sec Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours British Thermal Units Ergs Horsepower-hrs Joules Kilogram-calories BTU per min Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower June.6818 0.1383 3.097 0.286x10-3 1.43 0.508 0.356 3.434x10-9 39365 39364 106 9x10-11 6 30.01136 30.376x10-8 1. 021 0.1183 0.945x10-2 1. Inc.807x10-5 2.818x10-3 1.452 0.968x10-3 9.344x10-8 39360 980.405x10-7 2.0648 0. By 3.951x10-3 3. 2007 .260x10-5 7.07958 0.7 15.Multiply Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per sec Foot-pounds per sec Foot-pounds per sec Foot-pounds per sec Furlongs Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons per min Gallons per min Gausses Gilberts Gilberts Gilberts per centimeter Gills Gills Grains (troy) Grains (troy) Grains (troy) Grains/US gallon Gram-calories Gram-centimeters Gram-centimeters Gram-centimeters Gram-centimeters Gram-centimeters Gram-centimeters Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams Grams per cm Grams per cu cm Grams per cu cm Grams per cu cm Hectares Hectares ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.7958 2.03527 0.356x10-3 40 3785 0.1337 231 3.118 3.241x10-4 2.785 8 4 2.43 39358 103 0.03215 0.600x10-3 62.43 0.785x10-3 4.07093 2.228x10-3 0.076x105 123 To Obtain Kg-calories per min Kilowatts BTU per min Horsepower Kg-calories per min Kilowatts Rods Cubic centimeters Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Liters Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic feet per sec Liters per sec Lines per sq inch Abampere-turns Ampere-turns Ampere-turns per inch Liters Pints (liq) Grains (av) Grams Pennyweights (troy) Parts per million BTUs BTUs Ergs Foot-pounds Joules Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Dynes Grains (troy) Kilograms Milligrams Ounces Ounces (troy) Poundals Pounds Pounds per inch Pounds per cu foot Pounds per cu inch Pounds per mil-foot Acres Sq feet June.03613 3.25 1 0.04167 17.7 7.205x10-3 5.233x10-5 9.717x10-2 1.471 1.302x10-8 980.06308 6. 737x105 0.7376 2.390x10-4 124 To Obtain Grams Liters Meters Watts sphere Spherical right angles Steradians Abhenries Millihenries Stathenries BTU per min Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower (metric) Kg-calories per min Kilowatts Watts BTU per hr Kilowatts BTUs Foot-pounds Joules Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours Minutes Seconds Centimeters Mils Varas Feet of water Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq ft Pounds per sq in Atmospheres Pounds per sq foot Pounds per sq in (PSI) Atmospheres Inches of mercury Kg per sq meter Ounces per sq inch Calorie Watts Ohm BTUs Ergs Foot-pounds Kilogram-calories June.3 70.4912 0.684x106 641.7457 60 3600 2540 103 0.5 4 6.014 10.5781 4.73 0.486x10-4 107 0.7457 745.184 1 1 9.03613 0. By 100 100 100 100 0.44 33000 550 1.204 0.002458 0. 2007 .Multiply Hectograms Hectoliters Hectometers Hectowatts Hemispheres (solid angle) Hemispheres (solid angle) Hemispheres (solid angle) Henries Henries Henries Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower (boiler) Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Horsepower-hours Hours Hours Inches Inches Inches Inches of Hg Inches of Hg Inches of Hg Inches of Hg Inches of mercury (Hg) Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Joule Joule per sec Joule/sq amp sec Joules Joules Joules Joules ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.133 345.03 1.07355 25.283 109 103 1/9x10-11 42.7 2.98x106 2.03342 5.4 0.7 33520 9804 2547 1.7 0. Inc. 302x10-3 9.6 1.344x10-3 2.102 2.807 2.807x107 7.724x10-6 980665 103 70.09351 0.233 9.281x10-3 2.896x10-3 0.778x10-4 1 1 1 39358 0. 2007 .613x10-5 3.162x10-3 9.422x10-3 106 0.07 3.93 2.102x10-3 103 103 105 3281 103 125 To Obtain Kilogram-meters Watt-hours Newton meters Watt-sec Volt-coulomb Grams per cu cm Pounds per cu foot Pounds per cu inch Pounds per mil-foot Pounds per foot atmospheres Bars Feet of water Inches of mercury Pounds per sq foot Pounds per sq inch Kg per sq meter BTU per cu foot BTU per pound BTU per sq foot Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower Kilowatts Pounds-feet squared Pounds-inch squared Newton BTUs Foot-pounds Horsepower-hours Joules Kilogram-meters Kilowatt-hours BTUs Ergs Foot-pounds Joules Kilogram-calories Kilowatt-hours Dynes Grams Poundals Pounds Tons (short) Maxwells Liters Centimeters Feet Meters June. By 0.06243 3.3688 51.8 0. Inc.2048 1.Multiply Joules Joules Joules Joules Joules Kg per cu meter Kg per cu meter Kg per cu meter Kg per cu meter Kg per meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq meter Kg per sq millimeter Kg-cal/cu meter Kg-cal/kg Kg-cal/sq meter Kg-calories per min Kg-calories per min Kg-calories per min Kg-cm squared Kg-cm squared Kg-meter/sq second Kilogram-calories Kilogram-calories Kilogram-calories Kilogram-calories Kilogram-calories Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters Kilogram-meters Kilogram-meters Kilogram-meters Kilogram-meters Kilogram-meters Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilograms Kilolines Kiloliters Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.968 3086 1.3417 1 3.06972 2.1124 1.678x10-5 98.672 9.373x10-3 0.2046 1.556x10-3 4183 426.43 0.405x10-10 0. 9113 0.02 39358 1.155 12 7. By 0.5396 16.057 103 5.6214 6080 1.78 54.308x10-3 0.5 3.4343 2.886x10-4 4.92 0.68 0.67 0.6214 1093.Multiply Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers per hr Kilometers per hr Kilometers per hr Kilometers per hr Kilometers per hr Kilometers per hr Kilometers per min Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatt-hours Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Kilowatts Km per hr per sec Km per hr per sec Km per hr per sec Km per hr per sec Knots Knots Knots Knots Lines per sq cm Lines per sq inch Links (engineer's) Links (surveyor's) Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters per min Liters per min Log/e N or In N Log10 N Lumens per sq ft Maxwells ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.6214 60 Appox.853 1.403x10-3 0. Inc.113 1.34 103 27.03531 61.425x104 737.655x106 1. 2007 .6x105 860.2778 0.341 14.341 3.9113 0.2642 2.152 2027 1 0.6 27.303 1 39358 126 To Obtain Miles Yards Centimeters per sec Feet per min Feet per sec Knots Meters per min Miles per hr Kilometers per hr Average noon sunlight on 1 sq meter BTUs Foot-pounds Horsepower-hours Joules Kilogram-calories Kilogram-meters BTU per min Foot-pounds per min Foot-pounds per sec Horsepower Kg-calories per min Watts Cm per sec per sec Ft per sec per sec Meters per sec per sec Miles per hr per sec Feet per hr Kilometers per hr Miles per hr Yards per hr Gaus Gaus Inches Inches Cubic feet Cubic inches (=dm3) Cubic meters Cubic yards Gallons Pints (liq) Quarts (liq) Cubic cm Cubic ft per sec Gallons per sec Log10 N Log/e N or In N Foot-candles Kilolines June.92 4.78 0. 1 3415 2.6 1.67x105 56. 870x10-7 1 0.1662 0.Multiply Megalines Megmhos per cm cube Megmhos per cm cube Megmhos per cm cube Megmhos per inch cube Megohms Meter-kilograms Meter-kilograms Meter-kilograms Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters per min Meters per min Meters per min Meters per min Meters per min Meters per sec Meters per sec Meters per sec Meters per sec Meters per sec Meters per sec Meters per sec per sec Meters per sec per sec Meters per sec per sec Mhos per mil foot Mhos per mil foot Mhos per mil foot Microbars Microbars Microbars Microbars Microbars Microfarads Microfarads Microfarads Micrograms Microhms Microhms Microhms Microhms Microhms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic cm ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. 2007 .237 0. Inc.237 6.06 0.281 3.667 3.015 15.281 0.0936 1.015 127 To Obtain Maxwells Abmhos per cm cube Megmhos per in cube Mhos per mil ft Megmhos per cm cube Ohms Centimeter-dynes Centimeter-grams Pound-feet Centimeters Feet Inches Kilometers Millimeters Yards Centimeters per sec Feet per min Feet per sec Kilometers per hr Miles per hr Feet per min Feet per sec Kilometers per hr Kilometers per min Miles per hr Miles per min Feet per sec per sec Km per hr per sec Miles per hr per sec Abmhos per cm cube Megmhos per cm cube Megmhos per in cube Atmoshpheres Dynes per sq cm Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq foot Pounds per sq inch Abfarads Farads Statfarads Grams Abohms Megohms Ohms Statohms Abohms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic in Ohms per mil foot June.37 39358 103 1.450x10-5 39370 39361 9x105 39361 103 39367 39361 1/9x10-17 103 0.6 2.03728 1968 3.3937 106 9.28 9.015x10-3 6.2808 39.281 6 0.05468 0.089x10-3 1.807x107 105 7.3937 6.06 2.03728 3. By 106 39358 2.54 0.233 100 3.0102 2. 54 39361 39361 1.628x106 10 10 10 1 1 1 1 1.8 44.355 105 128 To Obtain Microhms per cubic cm Liters Meters Centimeters Feet Kilometers Yards Varas Centimeters per sec Feet per min Feet per sec Kilometers per hr Knots Meters per min Cm per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec Km per hr per sec Meters per sec per sec Centimeters per sec Feet per sec Kilometers per min Miles per hr Pounds per sq inch Grams Abhenries Stathenries Liters Centimeters Inches Mils Inches Centimeters Cubic ft per min Radian Seconds (angle) Days Hours Minutes Seconds Kilograms Kilometers Kilowatts Amp-weber/meter Kg-meter/sq sec Joules Weber Pound-feet Dynes June.7 1.6093 1760 1900.447 2682 88 1. Inc.6093 0.7 88 1.1 0.42 730 43800 2.467 1.5 2.467 1.909x10-4 60 30. 2007 .6093 0. By 2.609x105 5280 1.37 39358 0.00254 1.5x10-3 39358 106 1/9x10-14 39358 0.03937 39.Multiply Microhms per cubic in Microliters Microns Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles per hr Miles per hr Miles per hr Miles per hr Miles per hr Miles per hr Miles per hr per sec Miles per hr per sec Miles per hr per sec Miles per hr per sec Miles per min Miles per min Miles per min Miles per min Millibars Milligrams Millihenries Millihenries Milliliters Millimeters Millimeters Millimeters Mils Mils Miner's inches Minutes (angle) Minutes (angle) Months Months Months Months Myriagrams Myriameters Myriawatts Newton Newton Newton meters Newton-meter/amp Newtons Newtons ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.6093 60 14.8684 26.82 44. 03108 1.02 5.669x10-4 0.1662 0.0625 0.05 24.02957 480 31.17 0.1 0.805 0.Multiply Ohm Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms Ohms per mil foot Ohms per mil foot Ohms per mil foot Ounces Ounces Ounces Multiply Ounces Ounces (fluid) Ounces (fluid) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces (troy) Ounces per sq inch Parts per million Pennyweights (troy) Pennyweights (troy) Pennyweights (troy) Perches (masonry) Pints (dry) Pints (liq) Poundals Poundals Poundals Pound-feet Pound-feet Pound-feet Pound-feet Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds (troy) Pounds of water Pounds of water Pounds of water Pounds of water per min Pounds per cubic ft Pounds per cubic ft Pounds per cubic ft Pounds per cubic ft ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.75 33.68 0.06524 8 437.01602 16.87 13826 14.35 By 0.5 28.356x107 13825 0.1383 0.787x10-4 5. 2007 .6 28.8229 0.0584 24 1.1198 2.555 0.6 16 32.01602 27. By 1 109 39361 106 1/9x10-11 166.1 20 0.08333 0.2 0.0625 1.738 444823 7000 453. Inc.456x10-9 129 To Obtain Joule/sq amp sec Abohms Megohms Microhms Statohms Abohms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic in Drams Grains Grams To Obtain Pounds Cubic inches Liters Grains (troy) Grams Pennyweights (troy) Pounds (troy) Pounds per sq inch Grains/US gallon Grains (troy) Grams Ounces (troy) Cubic feet Cubic inches Cubic inches Dynes Grams Pounds Centimeter-dynes Centimeter-grams Meter-kilograms Newtons Dynes Grains Grams Ounces Poundals Pounds (av) Cubic feet Cubic inches Gallons Cubic ft per sec Grams per cubic cm Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic in Pounds per mil foot June. 3 3438 130 To Obtain Grams per cubic cm Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic ft Pounds per mil foot Kg per meter Grams per cm Grams per cubic cm Feet of water Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq in Atmospheres Kg-cm squared Pounds-in squared Kg-cm squared Pounds-ft squared Feet of water Inches of mercury Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq ft Degrees Minutes Radians Cubic inches Cubic inches Pounds Sheets Degrees Minutes June.Multiply Pounds per cubic in Pounds per cubic in Pounds per cubic in Pounds per cubic in Pounds per ft Pounds per in Pounds per mil foot Pounds per sq ft Pounds per sq ft Pounds per sq ft Pounds per sq in (PSI) Pounds-ft squared Pounds-ft squared Pounds-inches squared Pounds-inches squared PSI PSI PSI PSI Quadrants (angle) Quadrants (angle) Quadrants (angle) Quarts (dry) Quarts (liq) Quintals Quires Radians Radians ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.3 144 2.768x104 1728 9.882 6.488 178.06804 421.945x10-3 2.2 57.571 67.6 2. By 27. Inc.1 144 90 5400 1.01602 4.926 6.944x10-3 0.425x10-6 1.75 100 25 57.307 2.68 2.306x106 0.036 703. 2007 . 636 5.130 5.670 5. Inc.253 5.326 4.082 Ethane/Propane (70/30) 3.Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products Table is in millions of BTUs per barrel (42 gallons) (High heat content).670 5.048 4.539 3.825 Ethane 3.355 5.800 Distillate Fuel Oil 5.974 5. Energy Source Asphalt Aviation Gasoline Butane Butane/Propane (60/40) Crude Oil Energy Content 6.150 3. 2007 .836 June. Energy Source Isobutane Jet Fuel (Kerosene Type) Jet Fuel (Naphtha Type) Kerosene Motor Gasoline (Conventional) Motor Gasoline (Oxygenated or Reformulated) Motor Gasoline (Fuel Ethanol) Propane 131 Energy Content 3.308 ©2007 IMPCO Technologies. or 20. Inc.34” 3. the values above can be deducted directly from the gauge. Example: The manifold depression for an engine operating at 3000 feet would be the standard 29.Correction Table for Altitudes (Standard Atmospheric Pressure @ Sea Level is 29.66” 1.85” 1.93” 2.67” These values can be deducted directly when reading an intake manifold depression (vacuum) gauge at one of the given altitudes on a normally aspirated engine.3.54” 3.24” = 17.92” Hg 0.82” 2.29” 0.24” 4. 2007 .92” Hg minus 9” Hg differential with an additional deduction of 3.39” 1.68” Hg ©2007 IMPCO Technologies.72” 5.51” 2.92”.30” 2.92” Hg.92” Hg @ sea level on an unloaded engine.9”).24” Hg=(29.92” Hg 2.92” Hg) Altitude (in feet) 100 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 Deduct from 29.24” = 17.3. Since the 9” Hg differential between atmospheric pressure and the intake manifold does not change with altitude.57” 0. An intake manifold vacuum gauge will read approximately 20.44” 3.41” 2. 132 June.64” 3.62” 2.24” 3.74” 4.13” 3.72” Altitude (in feet) 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 Deduct from 29.68” Hg.03” 3.12” 0.12” 1.20” 5.93” 3.20” 2.
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