¿CÓMO SE FORMA?Afirmativos: sujeto + should + infinitivo sin to He should work harder (debería trabajar más) Negativas: sujeto + shouldn't / should not + infinitivo sin to We shouldn't arrive late / we should not arrive late (no deberíamos llegar tarde) Interrogativas: Should + sujeto + infinitivo sin to Should I study this chapter for the exam? (¿Debería estudiarme este capítulo para el examen?) Should I go to the party? Yes, you should / No, you shouldn't. ¿CUÁNDO USAMOS SHOULD? El verbo should se traduce como "debería" y se usa en los siguientes casos: 1. Dar y pedir consejo. Como indicamos en Consejos con should en inglés, should se usa para dar y pedir consejos. Your car is very old. You should buy a new one (tu coche es muy viejo. Deberías comprarte uno nuevo) You should do your homework (deberías hacer los deberes) Should I have my hair cut? (¿Debería cortarme el pelo?) En este caso, podríamos usar también el verbo modal ought to / oughtn't to. You don't look well. You ought to go to the doctor (no tienes buena cara. Deberías ir al médico) You oughtn't to drive so fast / You ought not to drive so fast (no deberías conducir tan rápido) Cuidado: Should expresa obligación débil (consejo). Por el contrario, must se usa para expresar obligación fuerte (orden). 2. Cuando queremos indicar que algo es o no es correcto. You shouldn't get angry so easily (no deberías enfadarte con tanta facilidad) You should recycle (deberías reciclar) You shouldn't drive so fast. It's dangerous (no deberías conducir tan rápido. Es peligroso) 3. Para criticar acciones del pasado. En este caso se usa should have + participio pasado o ought to have + participio pasado. You should have told me you were going to arrive late (Deberías haberme dicho que ibas a llegar tarde). They ought to have studied harder. (deberían haber estudiado más) En negativa: You shouldn't have told her. It was a secret (no se lo deberías haber contado. Era un secreto) 4. Hacer sugerencias de forma educada cuando no sabemos la respuesta. Should I put the bags here? (¿Pongo las bolsas aquí?) (¿puedo (debería) poner las bolsas aquí?) EJERCICIO Completa el ejercicio con frases utilizando should para dar consejos. Para ver las respuestas haz clic en: Ejercicios inglés, el uso de should 1. I've got a headache. You ..................................................(drink/water). 2. I've forgotten my books. You..........................................(tell/teacher). 3. My back hurts. You...........................................................(go/doctor's). 4. The house is very untidy. You..........................................(tidy). 5. I've got toothache. You......................................................(see/dentist). Read the sentences. Write should or shouldn´t 1)If it´s rainy you take an umbrella. 2)Tom eat so many lollipops. It´s bad for his teeth. 3) a) I drink hot tea if I have a sore throat? b) Yes, you . 4) They have a test tomorrow. They go to the cinema . They stay at home and study! 5) Children eat lots of vegetables but they eat lots of sweets. 6) I have a party tonight. What I wear? A dress or a pair of trousers? 7) The doctor said: "_ You eat healthy food. You eat fast food. You watch so much TV. You walk 1 hour a day. You drink fruit juice and water. You drink wine or beer Look at the pictures . Make sentences giving advice to these people . Use should. He has a so He has a so He has a so He has a so He has a … so …. Completa los recuadros con las conjugaciones correctas del verbo TO BE. 1. My name James. 2. Mary the secretary. 3. John and Lucy at school. 4. I a student. 5. The boys in the garden. 6. He a lawyer. 7. Susie a housewife. 8. She a student. 9. They my friends. 10. You a student. Completa los recuadros con los nombres de los alimentos. Short Reading Comprehension Passages Short Reading Comprehension Passages - ESL Reading Articles Practice your reading skill and improve your English, learn new vocabulary and broaden your general knowledge via our specifically chosen interesting topics below. The answers will appear in the box at the bottom of the page when you click on "Submit Test". Return to All Readings Beginners Reading Worksheet Beginners Reading Passages Passage 1 - Opera Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor's dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra. 1. It is pointed out in the reading that opera ----. A) has developed under the influence of musical theater B) is a drama sung with the accompaniment of an orchestra C) is not a high-budget production D) is often performed in Europe E) is the most complex of all the performing arts 2. We can understand from the reading that ----. A) people are captivated more by opera than musical theater B) drama in opera is more important than the music C) orchestras in operas can vary considerably in size D) musical theater relies above all on music E) there is argument over whether the music is important or the words in opera 3. It is stated in the reading that ----. A) acting and costumes are secondary to music in musical theater B) many people find musical theater more captivating than opera C) music in musical theater is not as important as it is in opera D) an opera requires a huge orchestra as well as a large choir E) opera doesn't have any properties in common with musical theater Passage 2 - Dolphins Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we destroy them. 4. It is clear from the passage that dolphins ----. A) don't want to be with us as much as we want to be with them B) are proven to be less intelligent than once thought C) have a reputation for being friendly to humans D) are the most powerful creatures that live in the oceans E) are capable of learning a language and communicating with humans 5. The fact that the writer of the passage thinks that we can kill dolphins more easily than they can kill us ----. A) means that they are better adapted to their environment than we are B) shows that dolphins have a very sophisticated form of communication C) proves that dolphins are not the most intelligent species at sea D) does not mean that we are superior to them E) proves that Dolphins have linguistic skills far beyond what we previously thought 6. One can infer from the reading that ----. A) dolphins are quite abundant in some areas of the world B) communication is the most fascinating aspect of the dolphins C) dolphins have skills that no other living creatures have such as the ability to think D) it is not usual for dolphins to communicate with each other E) dolphins have some social traits that are similar to those of humans You are here: >> Home >> English Grammar Exercises >> Short Reading Comprehension Passages Passage 3 - Unsinkable Ship Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger-and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those who managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children and the elderly. 7. One can understand from the reading that ----. A) the lifesaving equipment did not work well and lifeboats could not be lowered B) design faults and incompetent crew contributed to the sinking of the Estonia ferry C) 139 people managed to leave the vessel but died in freezing water D) naval architects claimed that the Estonia was unsinkable E) most victims were trapped inside the boat as they were in their cabins 8. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident ----. A) helped one another to overcome the tragedy that had affected them all B) were mostly young men but women, children and the elderly stood little chance C) helped save hundreds of lives D) are still suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder E) told the investigators nothing about the accident 9. According to the passage, when the Estonia sank, ----. A) there were only 139 passengers on board B) few of the passengers were asleep C) there were enough lifeboats for the number of people on board D) faster reaction by the crew could have increased the Estonia's chances of survival E) all the passengers had already moved out into the open decks Passage 4 - Erosion in America Erosion of America's farmland by wind and water has been a problem since settlers first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow in the nineteenth century. By the 1930s, more than 282 million acres of farmland were damaged by erosion. After 40 years of conservation efforts, soil erosion has accelerated due to new demands placed on the land by heavy crop production. In the years ahead, soil erosion and the pollution problems it causes are likely to replace petroleum scarcity as the nation's most critical natural resource problem. 10. As we understand from the reading, today, soil erosion in America ----. A) causes humans to place new demands on the land B) is worse than it was in the nineteenth century C) happens so slowly that it is hardly noticed D) is the most critical problem that the nation faces E) is worse in areas which have a lot of petroleum production 11. The author points out in the passage that erosion in America ----. A) has damaged 282 million acres ever since settlers first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow B) has been so severe that it has forced people to abandon their settlements C) occurs only in areas with no vegetation D) can become a more serious problem in the future E) was on the decline before 1930s 12. It is pointed out in the reading that in America ----. A) petroleum is causing heavy soil erosion and pollution problems B) heavy crop production is necessary to meet the demands and to prevent a disaster C) soil erosion has been hastened due to the overuse of farming lands D) water is undoubtedly the largest cause of erosion E) there are many ways to reduce erosion What is an Earthquake Sunset When the air is clear, the sunset will appear yellow, because the light from the sun has passed a long distance through air and the blue light has been scattered away. If the air is polluted with small particles, natural or otherwise, the sunset will be more red. Sunsets over the sea may also be orange, due to salt particles in the air. The sky around the sun is seen reddened, as well as the light coming directly from the sun. This is because all light is scattered relatively well through small angles, but blue light is then more likely to be scattered twice over the greater distances, leaving the yellow, red and orange colors. 1. As it is pointed out in the passage, the color of the sunset ----. A) may be lighter than expected due to salt particles in the air B) is red if the sky is clear C) owes its blueness to the distance between the sun and the earth D) is a combination of all the colors E) depends on the weather conditions and the location where it takes place 2. One can infer from the passage that the sunset looks yellow because ----. A) scattering does not play an appreciable role in determining the color of the transmitted light B) the blue light is scattered on the long way through the air at that time C) the light coming directly from the sun is blue D) the air is polluted to such a degree that the Earth's climate is actually changing E) sunsets generally take place on the sea You are here: >> Home >> Reading Comprehension Worksheets >> Reading Comprehension Worksheet 3. As it is pointed out in the passage, ----. A) our eyes are more sensitive to light with blue frequencies B) the red light passes easily through the air without scattering at all C) when the sun sets, only the blue light is left D) the sunset is likely to look orange when small particles, such as salt from sea spray, are in the air E) by the time the light from a sunset gets to you, only red light remains Sunset Article What is an Earthquake Earthquake is a sudden movement in Earth's crust which produces vibration. These vibrations may be detectable only by sensitive instruments called seismographs, or else they may kill thousands as they destroy cities. Many earthquakes are caused when rocks move along faults. Severe earthquakes are most common near the edges of the "plates" in the Earth's crust, such as around the Pacific Ocean, along the mid-Atlantic ridge and in the Mediterranean and South- West Asian regions. They occur when the plates move. So me earthquakes are caused by volcanic action, explosions and other factors, Earthquakes under the sea trigger off huge waves called tsunamis. You are here: >> Home >> Reading Comprehension Worksheets >> Earthquake Reading Article 1. According to the passage, ----. A) rocks move when the earthquakes occur B) seismographs may devastate cities if not detected C) earthquakes are caused by huge waves called tsunamis D) earthquakes are more likely to happen where there are faults E) sudden movements in the earth's crust are called volcanic eruptions 2. It's obvious in the passage that ----. A) many big cities are founded upon the faults B) big cities are more likely to confront earthquakes C) the Pacific Ocean is the most likely place for the earthquakes D) movement of rocks along the faults trigger tsunamis E) Earth's most perilous places are the Pacific Ocean, the Mid-Atlantic, South-West Asia and the Mediterranean 3. We can understand from the passage that ----. A) some of the volcanic blasts are caused by earthquakes B) tsunamis are more likely to exist in the Mediterranean and the Mid-Atlantic C) severe earthquakes cannot be detected beforehand D) movements of plates leads to big earthquakes E) faults are created by the detectable vibrations Experimenting on Animals Life processes are similar in all animals with backbones. So physiologists can find out a lot about the human body by studying animals such as frogs, rats and rabbits. Sometimes research involves the death of these animals. But physiologists take great care not to hurt the animals. The animals are usually put to sleep during the experiments so they do not feel pain. Many people think animals should not be used for experiments. But it is only by physiological research that medicine has been able to advance. Polio is a disease that attacks the nerves. Millions of people have been protected from polio by a fluid called a vaccine. Tissue from monkeys is used to make the vaccine. You are here: >> Home >> Reading Comprehension Worksheets >> Short Reading 1. According to the passage, ----. A) animals with bones are of no great importance in experimental researches B) animals can die if not vaccined by experimental team C) although many people resist against animals being utilized in researches, it is necessary D) by the help of experimental researches, millions of people have been protected against rats and frogs E) rats, frogs and rabbits are grown for only experimental researches 2. Experimental researches ----. A) are of paramount significance for the polio infected monkeys B) are the mere way that medicine can progress C) are carried out to remove infected tissues from the animals D) include only reptiles to discover the vaccines E) can be hazardous as much as polio 3. It's clearly stated in the passage that ----. A) millions of people have been killed by polio disease so far B) physiologists can cure rats, rabbits and frogs as well as people C) experimental animals are first put to sleep and then used for research D) monkeys are usually infected with polio E) the discovery of the remedy to fatal diseases lies in using monkeys