UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION REVITALISATION PROJECT-PHASE IINATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL DRAWING COURSE CODE: EEC111 YEAR I- SEMESTER I THEORY/PRACTICAL Version 1: December 2008 1 List of contents Week 1 …………………………………………………………………… 1 1. Introduction of Electronic Drawing 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Rules for drawing schematics 1.3 Connections and crossovers 1.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams Week 2 …………..……………………………………………………….. 6 2. Computer Aided Drawing using Microsoft Visio 2.1 Visio 2003 Basics 2.2 Starting Visio Technical 2.3 Page Setup Dialog Box 2.4 Size and Position Window 2.5 Saving a Drawing 2.6 Formatting Toolbar 2.7 Standard Tool bar 2.8 The stencil Drawing No. 1 Week 3 …………..……………………………………………………….. 16 Drawing No. 2 Week 4 …………..……………………………………………………….. 17 Drawing No. 3 Week 5 …………..……………………………………………………….. 18 Drawing No. 4 Week 6 …………..……………………………………………………….. 19 Drawing No. 5 Wee 7 …………..…………………………..…………………………….. 20 Drawing No. 6 2 Week 8 …………..……………………………………………………….. 21 Drawing No. 7 Week 9 …………..……………………………………………….…….. 22 Drawing No. 8 Week 10 …………..…………………………………………………….. 23 Drawing No. 9 Week 11…………..…………………………………………………….. 24 Drawing No. 10 Week 12…………..…………………………………………………….. 25 Drawing No. 11 Week 13…………..……………………………………………………….. 32 Drawing No. 12 Week 14…………..……………………………………………………….. 33 Drawing No. 13 Week 15…………..……………………………………………………….. 34 Drawing No. 14 3 Almost all symbols may be rotated or mirror-reversed without alteration of the meaning.Week 1 1. The other is the no-dot system shown in Fig.2d)(1. Power sources should go up and ground lines down. 11. The engineer’s sketches and layouts are called detail drawing and the drafter’s drawing is called the technical drawing. The drawing should completely describe the engineer’s design requirements. 1. Connecting lines should have a minimum of crossovers and joggles. Individual similar components in a circuit should be arranged either vertically or horizontally. knowledge of electronic systems is important for every drafter. Electronic components consist of items like power supply. 1. 7.2e). 4 . 10. Drawing will allow the reader only one interpretation. 4. The no-dot system of Fig. (1.2c). (1. Lines should be spaced a minimum of 5 mm apart. 6. Decisions cannot be left to the reader.2 Rules for drawing schematics Normal signal flow should be from left to right and top to bottom.3 Connections and crossovers Two systems are approved for showing connections (junctions) or crossovers. Lettering should be 4 mm high. The symbols may be drawn to any size or default size (drawing by computer) but on the diagram similar symbols are drawn of the same size. One is the dot system. 5.0 Introduction Almost all projects. especially engineering projects. Lines between components should track the shortest path.2e) has some weaknesses in terms of clarity. 1. Thus. include mechanical. and Electronic components. as shown in Fig. but it has equality in the standards. energy conversion units. 8. (1.2a)(1.2b)(1. 3. Long parallel lines should be arranged in groups. 9. 2. All lines should run horizontally or vertically and connect in 90 corners. Our purpose here is to show the rules for electronic drawing schematics. Drafters are responsible for preparing drawings that are easy to read. control circuitry …etc. electrical. (1.3) Single amplifier circuit applying the basic rules and planning of schematics.1. (1. Example: Redraw the circuit of Fig.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams The first step in planning a schematic circuit diagram is to make a rough sketch (by free hand) of the circuit components and then include the connecting conductors. Fig. The transistor (main component) base line is drawn in the mid distance between the supply lines as shown in Fig. The upper line is the positive line and the lower is the negative line.3a) 5 . (1. At this stage it becomes obvious that the circuit needs modifications. and these can be made then. We will look at the development of schematic circuit diagrams for some circuits and follow through the planning and drawing of each one.3) Step 1: Draw an outline of the supply lines and the main component line. 3d). 6 . (1. (1.Fig. input and output terminals as shown in Fig. as shown in Fig.3c). (1. Fig. (1.3b) and drawing the resistors.3b) Fig. (1.3a) Step 2: Determine the positions of the resistors. (1. as shown in Fig.3c) Step 3: Draw the capacitors. (1.3e) 7 . Then finalized the drawing by balancing distances and centering of components for a good presentation as shown in Fig.Fig. (1.3f) Fig. (1. write the components designation or any other information such as the value (if any) and components code.3d) Step 4: Draw the connection dots and ground. 1 Visio 2003 Basics The fundamentals of Visio 2003 are briefly discussed here. such as stencils. or double click Visio 2003 icon on the desk top.Week 2 2. And also cover other Visio elements. templates.You must choose Start->Programs->Visio 2003 as shown in figure.2 Starting Visio Technical In order to start Visio: 1. 2. Learn about Visio's patented Smart Shapes technology and how it makes creating drawings so easy. wizards. and toolbars. 8 . From the Choose Drawing Type dialog box. within the Category area.3 Page Setup Dialog Box Step 1: Print Setup tab 9 . select the category of drawing you want to create (Electrical engineering) 3.Double Click on any template on the drawing page and all of the stencils associated with that solution are displayed as shown 2.2. reduce or enlarge the drawing. you can select paper size. and how many pieces of paper you want the drawing to be printed across Step 2: Page Size tab The Page Size tab allows you to resize the pages. Step 4: Page Properties tab The Page Properties tab allows you to set char-ataractics of the page. name of the 10 .The Print Setup tab allows you to set the printing options for your drawing page. name of the page. From this tab. You can set the type of page you want (foreground or back-ground). The resizing options do not change the drawing scale. page orientation. giving you the ability to add where you need it and remove extra space that is unused. and measurement units. select View > Size & Position. 2. The window will appear in the drawing workspace.4 Size and Position Window To display the Size & Position window. you can modify a shape's formatting Rectangle Tool Ellipse Tool Line Tool Arc Tool Freeform Tool Pencil Tool 11 . simply select the shape. To display in the window the size and position of any shape. With the Size & Position window open.background page if used. Zoom Commands 12 . You may format line from Format >> line 13 . You can select set percentages or fit entire page or the width of the page in the workspace.Zoom Out. shrinks drawing down in measured steps. If you have already named your drawing. 2. Zoom In. expands drawing in measured steps. If you haven't named your drawing yet. Be sure to save your drawing every few minutes. magnifying glass with `plus' sign. Zoom text box allows you to choose magnifications.5 Saving a Drawing You may save your drawing by choosing File->Save. you will need to name the drawing at the next window. saving will just save your most recent changes. magnifying glass with `minus' sign. Click the down arrowhead on the right of the text box to display menu. Household Appliances & Furniture. you may add as many stencils as you would like.7 Standard Tool bar Cut New Save 2.8 The stencil A stencil is a collection of shapes associated with a certain drawing type.2. and much more! Visio has many available stencils that can be found under the File->Stencils menu. you can control the style.6 Formatting Toolbar From formatting tool bar. You simply click the object on your stencil and drag it (without 14 Print Preview Undo Redo Delete Text Tool Zoom Pointer Tool . handicapped signs. cars. There are stencils for Electric Circuits. Once you have chosen the appropriate stencil it will appear to the left of your drawing workspace. Keep in mind. For example. thickness and style lines. Maps. size and colour of the text 2. buses. and various other objects you might need to create a parking lot. you can control the colour. Also. Visio offers a stencil that contains parking stalls. Using stencils is very easy. if you wanted to draw a parking lot. Visio snaps the shape to the nearest grid line so you can position it precisely in your drawing. just let go of the left mouse button and the object will appear on your drawing.releasing your left mouse button) to the position on your drawing that you want it to appear. Once you have moved it to your drawing. 1 Draw the schematic symbol of fig. (2. 2-1a and 2-1b as shown below using Visio program. When you drop a shape onto the drawing page.4) The easiest way to create a drawing is to drag shapes from a stencil library onto the drawing page. Drawing No. Fig. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. 15 . Fig. 2-1a 16 . 2-1b 17 .Fig. Auxiliary block at your own discretion. 2 Redraw fig. 18 .Week 3 Drawing No. Blocks should be of equal dimensions and labels at the center 2. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Fig. 2-2 as shown below using Visio program. 2-2 Tracking Transmitter Note: 1. 2-3 as shown below using Visio program. 19 . Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. L4 can be taken from stencil library via Electrical then transformer. 2-3 Note: 1. Fig. 3 Redraw Fig.Week 4 Drawing No. K1 will be drawn manually 2. 20 . 4 Redraw Fig. Write all text and component designation 2. Include GND. 2-4 as shown below using Visio program.Week 5 Drawing No. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Fig. 2-4 Note: 1. 2-5 as shown below using Visio program. 2-5 Note: 1. 5 Redraw Fig. Draw IC 555 manually 21 . Fig. 3. Write all text and component designation 2. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.Week 6 Drawing No. Include GND. Q2. 2-6 Note: 1. 6 Redraw Fig. Write all text and component designation 2. 2-6 as shown below using Visio program.Week 7 Drawing No. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Draw IC’s manually 22 . Fig. Q1. and Q3 are Insulated Gate FET (IGFET) 3. Week 8 Drawing No. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Fig. 2-7 as shown below using Visio program. 7 Redraw Fig. 2-7 Note: 1. 2. Draw IC’s manually 23 . Write all text and component designation. Write all input and output text. 2-8 as shown below using Visio program.Week 9 Drawing No. EA I 0A I 1A I2A I 3A S 1 S 0 I 0B I 1B I 2B I 3B EB ZA ZB Fig. 8 Redraw Fig. 24 . Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. 2-8 Logic Circuit for IC 4539P Note: 1. 2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital. 3. 2-9 as shown below using Visio program. Write all input and output text. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital. 2-9 Four-stage divided by 8 Johnson counter Note: 1. Fig. 9 Redraw Fig. 25 . Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital. 2.Week 10 Drawing No. 2-10 as shown below using Visio program. 26 . 2-10 Four-bit universal shift register Note: 1.Week 11 Drawing No. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital. Fig. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital. 2. 10 Redraw Fig. 3. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Write all input and output text. they provide an important first step for technicians and engineers to visualize the function and composition of the circuit. The block diagram shows the passage of the electrical signal within the circuit. and it can also be read with the same way from left to right. and it is enclosed with the equipment produced. 27 . 2. That is to say at the entrance of the following unit. But. The block diagram gives us the simplified ways to explain the measuring of the circuit. Block diagrams are used to represent the different stages of an electronic circuit. and are to be put at the end of the connection line.2 Rules for drawing schematics 1. and the cascaded operations which are completed by the different stages of the circuit. The arrows are used to indicate the direction of the signal path. 3. They determine the flow of the electrical signal form the input stage to the output stage. The link between different stages is to be a single line. In designing electronic circuits. for a single stage. as in the example given in Fig. For this reason. the block diagram is used as a first step in designing the new equipment. The stages are drawn in a square or rectangular shape according to the need. and it is also widely used in catalogues. or distributed among the Maintenance Center or Science Institute.1 Introduction The block diagram is used to classify the relationships between the different groups of the electrical components and elements or classify the relationships between the different stages forming the electronic circuit. The special editions of the equipment that are made by the industrial electronic companies. (3-1) 4. (12-1) I/P A B C O/P Fig.Week 12 3. it is possible to have more than one input. 3. The information which is important to designate the stages must be put inside the blocks. and even more than one output. Signal flows is from left to right. 5. and the connection lines to the circuit. Symbolic shapes are used. we can draw the wave shape of the output stage on the drawing. 28 . but it does not illustrate all relations linked to special elements. For more illustration of the function of the different stages. Table (12-1) illustrate the most used abbreviations in the block diagram area of communication. to illustrate the function of the stages. we use some elements and components with same standard symbols in the block diagram. 9. Very often. Symbol shapes are used to illustrate functions of the control switches instead of writing their names. Table 3-1 Abbrv. 8. LW MW SW Amp OSC IF Meaning Long Wave Medium Wave Short Wave Amplifier Oscillator Intermediate Frequency 10. regulator. Abbreviations are used in writing inside the units. and amplifiers. Examples are bridge rectifier. 11.6. and they are the same symbols which are printed on the equipments. the Table (12-3) illustrates these symbols. and this are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Antenna Mic Loud Speakers CRT Controls Magnetic Heads Meters and etc… 7. and drawn inside the blocks. AM FM VHF UHF AF RF Meaning Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Very High Frequency Ultra High Frequency Audio Frequency Radio Frequency Abbrv. The block diagram illustrates the function of different stages of the circuit in arranging its operation. (3-2).OFF Brightness Control Contrast Control Color Control Tone Control Volume Control Horizontal Hold Vertical Hold Control Switch Symbol 12. there are some differences. (3-4). and Fig. or the aerial… etc… to illustrate the mechanical motion or the general drawing. the head recorder. as given in Fig. For the stages of computer equipments and also for integrated circuits of functional microprocessors. (3-3).Table (3-2) Name ON . Fig. the pictorial diagram is used for some elements such as the motor. 29 . In the block diagram. in the connection lines like. especially. (3-3) 30 .Single line in the direction of the arrow Single line crossing a multi line A bidirectional line Single line connected to a multi line Two separate lines feeding each other Two disconnected line Fig. (3-2) Microprocessor Data Bus Memory Address Bus Output Input Fig. (3-4) 31 .Accumulator Data Bus Output Bus Registers ALU CPU Control Fig. Auxiliary block at your own discretion. (3-5a) Note: 3.Drawing No. Fig. (3-5a) and (3-5b) as shown below using Visio program. 11 Redraw Fig. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center 4. 32 . Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. 3. Apply color for mirrors and filters.Week 13 Drawing No. Auxiliary block at your own discretion. Fig. (3-6) Note: 1. 33 . Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center 2. 12 Redraw Fig. (3-6) as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. 3 2 3 1 4 5 4.Week 14 Drawing No. 6. (3-7) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the correct label for each block (labels are written below). 5. Preregulator 2. D3 Fig. D2. 3-7 34 . 13 Draw the block diagram Fig. 7. Control 3. Current Sources for D1. 6 DC Amplifier Reference Comparison Sample 7 1. 3-8 35 .Week 15 Drawing No. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation. 14 Draw the block diagram Fig. Fig. (3-8) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the correct label for each block (labels are written below).