DWR Karnal

National Conference onAgriculture for Rabi Campaign September 17, 2010 Rabi Strategy – Increasing productivity of Wheat Region wise Recommendations SS Singh Project Director DWR, Karnal Wheat in India Second most important winter cereal after rice. • • Bread wheat contributes approximately 95% to total production • Remaining 4% from durum wheat and 1% from Dicoccum © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research Global Wheat Scenario 2nd largest producer in the world next to China from last 10 years Top 10 wheat producers (2009-10) Country Quantity (m tons) China 115.0 India 80.7 Russia 61.7 USA 60.3 France 39.4 Canada 26.5 Germany 25.1 Pakistan 24.0 Australia 22.5 Ukraine 20.0 Turkey 17.8 © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research The Production In last 25 yrs, moderate growth rate of 2.27 %. Scenario Year Area (m ha) Wheat Product Producti ion vity (m t) (t/ha) 69.7 2.7 200001 25.7 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506 2006- 26.3 72.8 2.8 25.2 65.8 2.6 26.6 72.1 2.7 26.4 68.6 2.6 26.7 69.4 2.6 28.5 74.9 2.6 Growth rate since 2000-01 is 1.77%. Growth rate (2006-07 to 2009-10) Area – 1.57 % Production – 3.67% Productivity – 1.75% © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research Wheat Growing Zones Zone Area covered Area m ha (%) Northern Hills Zone (NHZ) Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt.); H.P. (except Una and Paonta Valley); Uttarakhand (except Tarai area); Sikkim and hills of West Bengal and N.E. States 0.8 (2.9%) North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western UP (except Jhansi division), parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua districts), HP (Una dist. and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region) 11.3 (40.1%) North Eastern Plains Eastern UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and plains of NE States Zone (NEPZ) 9.5 (33.2%) Central Zone (CZ) MP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP ( Jhansi division) 5.2 (18.1%) Peninsular Zone (PZ) Southern Hills Zone (SHZ) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, plains of Tamil Nadu 1.6 (5.4%) Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills of southern plateau 0.1 (0.4%) TOTAL 28.5 © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research Productivity of wheat growing states (q/ha) © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . The yield gaps…. Zonal (q/ha) WFLD – Regional yield © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .2030 AD 90.0 m tons of wheat to feed our population by the year 2030 A.Wheat Targets .D. 02 107 scientists from 31 funded centers 123 non-funded cooperating centers National coordination: rice-wheat cropping system © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . – 03 Statistics .000’) 46 Scientists (56– sanctioned strength) presently at DWR Breeding .National Wheat Programme DWR and AICW&BIP DWR – nodal centre of wheat & barley research Regional Stations Flowerdale.11 Cytogenetics – 02 Economic Botany .01 Biotechnology – 5 Crop Protection – 10 Quality – 04 Plant Physiology-01 (on deputation) Resource Mgmt – 07 Social Sc. Shimla Dalang Maidan (>10. JAU-Junagarh. BCKV-Kalyani. UBKV-Pundibari CZ IGKVV-Bilaspur. JNKVV. SVBPUA&T. CSAUA&T-Kanpur. GBPUA&TPantnagar NEPZ AAU-Shillongani. RVRSUA&T-Gwalior. PAU-Ludhiana.AICW&BIP Network: Funded centers Zone NHZ NWPZ Centers CSK-HPKV-Palampur. Powarkheda & Rewa. RAU-Sabour. RAU-Durgapura. SDAU-Vijapur. Modipuram. NDUA&T-Faizabad. Directorate of Agriculture.Udaipur and Kota PZ UAS-Dharwad. MPUA&T. Bajaura & Dhaulakuan SKUAS&T-Jammu. MPKV-Niphad & Mahabaleshwar. BAU-Ranchi. BHU-Varanasi. CCSHAU-Hisar.Sagar. Mantripukhri. ARI-Pune © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Indian Wheat Programme: Significant Achievements • 373 wheat varieties released in the country since 1965 • 122 genetic stocks for various traits • Advanced production technologies with Conservation Agriculture • No epidemic since last 4 decades due to advanced protection strategies • Germplasm enrichment and sharing across the country • Infrastructure created to produce breeder seed to the tune of 30.000q • Quality parameters standardized for specific products • Strengthened the wheat research with partner countries for global food security • Developed international linkages for wheat & barley research © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Constraints in wheat production Yield plateau in north western parts Biotic stresses – Rusts • Stripe. Leaf & Stem – – – – – Leaf Blight Karnal bunt Powdery mildew Aphids and termites Weeds • Broad and narrow leaved Abiotic stresses – – Drought Heat • – Early as well as terminal Suppressive soils/Soil health • Salinity. • Irrigation water (Timely availability of optimum quantity) • Use of Farm machinery – Infrastructure • Roads • Storage • Market – Extension facilities • Farmers need more awareness of new improved varieties and production technologies • Faster extension activities © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . HP. is critical. Rajasthan) • Fertilizer availability (its availability in required quantity and at initial and growth stage. alkalinity • Nutrient deficient soils Other constraints – Availability of essential inputs for timely sowing • Improved seed (More problem in J&K. abiotic and quality traits o Structural and functional genomics • Abiotic Stresses –climate change o Heat and drought © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .prebreeding o Through use of winter x spring hybridization o Use of germplasm from the centre of origin (ICARDA).Major Issues : Wheat Improvement Breaking yield barriers Broadening of genetic base of varieties . Chinese germplasm o New plant type approach o Use of alien species for biotic and abiotic stresses • Exploitation hybrids of heterosis for developing o Based on CMS system • Biotechnological interventions o Gene pyramiding o Marker aided selection for biotic. New wheat varieties released (2009-10) © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Wheat genetic stocks registered in 200910 © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . 144 varieties in seed chain out of which Lok 1. PBW 343 and PBW 502 were the varieties with highest seed production. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . the production was of 35049 q.Breeder seed production 200910 • • Against an indent of 30968 q of breeder seed. termites. root nematodes • Managing new emerging threats o stem rust (Ug99). 104-2) o stripe rust (78S84. 46S119) o Foliar blight o Fusarium head blight (FHB) • Monitoring dynamics of diseases and insect pest situation in new RCTs and in view of changing climate contd… © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . 77-10. LS and insects like foliar & root aphids. PM. o leaf rust (77-5.Major Issues : Crop Protection • Survey and surveillance for monitoring diseases and insect-pest • IPM in wheat specially to manage the diseases like KB. PZ & SHZ © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .Rust diseases in Wheat Leaf /brown All Zones Stripe /yellow NWPZ &NHZ Stem /black CZ. Puccinia Path in India © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Monitoring Yellow Rust Area (Encircled) Intensively Surveyed Every Year © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . A. 2009 Drs. MC Jat. M. Abohar and Hoshiarpur (Punjab) 18 January. Majumdar.Monitoring of Wheat Rusts in NWPZ during 2009-10 Date Team composition Areas covered Dec. L. 2009 Drs. 2010 Drs. K. K. M Prashar and KS Babu Bathinda. Sharma. Project Director Karnal. KS Babu and Beant Singh Parts of Haryana. Indu Sharma and Daman Jeet Kaur Sangrur and Ludhiana (Punjab) 26 February. 2010 Drs. M S Beniwal and Rajender Singh Hisar. Singh. Bhargava Dausa (Rajasthan) 10 February. M. Mukatsar. 2010 Drs. L. V.S. Kurukshetra. 2010 Dr. 2010 Drs. Indu Sharma and Madhu Meeta Ludhiana. Panipat and Sonepat (Haryana) © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . S. S. S. C Jat and K. Kalomajra. Banur. 2010 Dr. Yamuna Nagar and Ambala (Haryana) 28 January. 16-18. 2010 Drs.Karwasra. V. S. Majumdar Tonk (Rajasthan) 11-12 January. 15. K. 2010 Dr. Indu Sharma . Babu Kaithal and Karnal (Haryana) 27-29 January. Jind. Punjab and Rajasthan along international border 8 January. Rajpura. Kaithal. Prashar Ropar and Nawa Sahar (Punjab) 23 February. Karnal. Ramnagar (Punjab) Dec. Saharan 15 March. A. 2010 Dr. Sharma and K. S. K. Hisar and Kaithal (Haryana) .19-21 February. Indu Sharma and Daman Jeet Kaur Ropar and Ludhiana (Punjab) 6 March. Singh 14-15 March. 2010 Drs. Babu Punjab and Haryana 29 March. S. Singh Haryana and Rajasthan 6 March. S. 2010 Drs. Madhu Meeta and M S Saharan Punjab and Haryana 26-28 February. K. A. Drs. 2010 Dr. S. S. S. Majumdar Kotputli (Rajasthan) 11 March. Jind. S. Singh Punjab and Haryana and M. L. S. 2010 Drs. S. V. 2010 Dr. S. Sharma © of © Directorate Directorate of Wheat Wheat Research Research Punjab and Haryana Karnal. 2010 Drs. Karwasara. Crop health scenario – based on survey and surveillance Disease free crop year. 21R63 (104-3) & 125R28-1 (77-11) © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . 21R55 (104-2). Dominant Pathotypes of Rusts • Most frequent yellow rust pathotypes • 78S84 & 46S119 • Most prevalent pathotypes of leaf rust • 121R63-1 (77-5). Ug99 was not detected from any place in India. 1990’s Several epidemics in Syria Torabi and Nazari (1998) 1988 On variety Maxipak in Pakistan. Pakistan (local Ahmed white wheat). losses about USD (1991) 0.Yellow Rust Epidemics in Neighboring Countries 1994 96 Serious epiphytotics in Pakistan due to new pathotype 46S119 (Yr 9 Virulence) 1993. (1989) 1970’s Serious disease in Afghanistan Saari and Prescott( 1978) .8m et al. losses 29 % Mamluk et al.19 Iran. (1995) 1990 Baluchistan. losses > 30% 95 Saari and Nayar (1998) Torabi et al. 29 and Tmp from Triticum aestivum  Sr2 and 13 from T. 25. R and 1A/1R from related species Two Ug99 variants carrying separate virulences for Sr24 and 36 have also been identified in 2008. 27. 35. 33. 22. 24. a new virulence of stem rust  Ug99 or TTKSK virulent on Sr31 was first time detected in February 1999 in Uganda. 40. 44. East Africa  Kenya in 2000  Ethiopia in 2001  Migrated to Sudan.Targeting Ug99. 39. Yemen in 2006 and Iran in 2007 Resistance genes effective against Ug99  Sr28. turgidum  Sr3. 36. 26. 43. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . 37. 45. Screening of Indian Wheat Material in Kenya ICAR-BGRI Collaboration Year Entries 2005 22 2006 102 2008 318 2009* 420 2010** 241 Resistance to Ug99 (2009 results)  40 released varieties  22 in seed chain at present  21 Genetic Stocks *Kenya & Ethiopia ** Under screening © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Major Issues : Resource Management • Resource Conservation Technologies o o • Diversification /intensification of RWCS o • o o Water harvesting (storage of rain water) Genotypes with less water requirement Integrated Weed Management o o • Balanced use of fertilizers Conjunctive use of inorganic & organic fertilizers Correcting micro-nutrient deficiencies improving C/N ratio Integrated Water Management for increasing WUE • • • Farm profitability under rice-wheat system Integrated Nutrient Management o o • Sustaining wheat production & soil health Residue management Herbicide resistance Weed dynamics Farm Machineries • Fine tuning © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Bihar (79).87 ha area of 1753 farmers in 18 states. •The maximum number of WFLDs were conducted in UP (115) followed by Haryana (92). Punjab (61). Rajasthan (54) and Jharkhand (50) © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . covering 819.Frontline demonstrations •805 WFLDs conducted through 103 coordinating centers. New Initiative since 200910 Strategies for enhanced wheat production © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . ICAR October 8. ICAR August 14. ADG (FFC). PK Basu. Karnal Chairman : Dr. Karnal Chairman : Sh. 2010 at DWR. MoA. SN Shukla. SN Shukla. 2009 at DWR. ADG (FFC).July 28. GOI Participants • • • • Director Agriculture of the states / representatives Representative from NSC Scientific staff of the DWR Farmers’ representatives © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Secretary (A&C). 2009 at Kanpur Chairman : Dr. Problem of salinity and Shift in land use from agriculture to constructions. The state-wise strategy plan was discussed and recommendations were made. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Sowing time of wheat Need of short duration varieties for restricted irrigation Varieties for rainfed areas of Uttaranchal and J&K Imbalanced use of fertilizers Unavailability of quality seeds Water scarcity due to drought conditions.Major issues • • • • • • • • • Yellow rust in PBW 343 and strategies for faster replacement. Major Follow Up in 200910 • Varietal replacement of PBW 343 with DBW 17 & PBW 550 • Use of tilt for control of diseases specially rust Impact • Disease free crop year • Enhanced production © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Region wise Recommendations for Increased wheat productivity © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . H. 375 (For HS 365. HW 420 5207 Tritical - - 738. summer VL829.E.P. HS 295. States Bread wheat VL. HPW 42. Uttarakhand (except Tarai area).). (except Una and Paonta Valley). VL832 sowing) SKW 196 DT 46 - e Southern Hills Zone (SHZ) Hilly areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala comprising the Nilgiri and Palni hills of southern plateau Bread HUW 318. © © Directorate Directorate-of of Wheat Wheat Research Research -   .Varietal Preference Wheat type Production conditions Normal sown Late Rainfed sown Sodic soils / Others Northern Hills Zone (NHZ) Western Himalayan regions of J&K (except Jammu and Kathua distt. HS 240. 907. VL 738. Sikkim and hills of West Bengal and N. VL HS VL 804. HW 1085. HS VL 907. KRL 213 K   9465. Raj 4120. PBW 396 DBW16. Assam and plains of NE HDR77. KRL-19 KRL 210. KRL 210. PDW 314 North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) Eastern UP. Bihar. 2425. RAJ3077. KRL 213 WH 542. HP wheat K 0307. UP PBW 175. Western UP (except Jhansi division).K8027. wheat PBW 502. 33. WH 896. Haryana. . HD2967 RAJ3077. NW1014. Bengal. Orissa. KRL-19. 1633. PBW 550.HD27 HW 2045.PBW 590 Durum PBW 34.HP1744 HUW . West States Bread CBW 38. Delhi. WH1021.HD2824. HP (Una dist. HD 2687. PBW 373.K896 2. PBW299. UP 2338.PBW443. K DBW 14. RAJ3077. NW 1012. and Paonta valley) and Uttarakhand (Tarai region) Bread DBW 17. Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions). © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research HD 2888. RAJ 3765. PDW 291. PBW 343. PDW 233.Varietal Preference Wheat type Production conditions Normal sown Late Rainfed sown North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) Sodic soils / Others Punjab. Jharkhand. PDW 215. HD2643. parts of J&K (Jammu and Kathua districts). WH 533. 468. DL803-3.KRL 210. 1. Rajasthan(Kota and Udaipur divisions) and UP( Jhansi division) Bread GW 190. Gujarat. NIAW HUW 510. HD 2932.HD 917. MP 4010.Varietal Preference Wheat type Production conditions Normal sown Late sown Rainfed Sodic soils / Others Central Zone (CZ) MP. Raj 4037. HI 1500. MACS 6273 Raj 4083. 17. KRL 213 366. HI AKDW 29978663. Andhra Pradesh. 2501. HI 8498. UAS 415 16 © Directorate of Wheat Research © Directorate of Wheat Research Dicoccum DDK 1025. DDK - . MPO 1215 8627 Peninsular Zone (PZ) Maharashtra. NIAW 34. GW 322. UAS 304. Chhattisgarh. HD K9644. PBW 533. JWS RAJ 3077. plains of Tamil Nadu Bread DWR162. 2833. AKAW 4627 Durum MACS 2846. HD PBW596. GW GW 173. HI 1544 Sujata Durum HI 8381. HW 2004. GW 322. 2932. GW MP 1203. HI 977. DL 788-2. HD 2864 HI 1531. HD 2987 MACS 6222.HD278 _ wheat 2496. MACS DWR 195. KRLwheat 273. 19. Goa. Karnataka. HI HD 4672. PBW 550 & WH 542. potato-wheat and sugarcane-wheat) – PBW 373 should be replaced with DBW 16. PBW 502 and HD 2687 with DBW 17. WH 1021. Raj 3765 as PBW 373 has become susceptible to brown rust © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .Varietal replacement • Replacement of yellow rust susceptible varieties PBW 343. • Under late sown conditions (late basmati-wheat. PBW 590. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . HW 2045. Chhatisgarh. varieties like DBW 14. Madhya Pradesh. varieties like HD 2733. Bihar • Under TSI conditions. GW 322. NW 2036. • As these states have a sizeable area under rainfed or limited irrigation – HI 1531.Varietal replacement Eastern UP. Gujarat and Kota region • Lok 1 is still a reigning variety which needs replacement. NW 1014. K 8962 and HD 2643 should be promoted. • Under LSI conditions. HI 1500 of bread wheat and HD 4672 and HD 8627 for durum should be promoted while WH 147 should be phased out. HD 2824. DL 788-2 requires promotion. GW 273 while under LSI cnditions HD 2864. HUW 468 needs to be promoted and breeder seed production of varieties like UP 262 and HUW 234 should be curtailed. MP 4010. • For durums HI 8498 and HI 8381 are the best varieties for the area. • Under TSI. PBW 443. HD 2833 and NIAW 34 • Rainfed conditions: HD 2781.Varietal replacement Maharashtra. these areas require short duration wheat varieties like DBW 14. States. RAJ 4037. Orissa. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Non-traditional wheat growing area . NW 2036.Jharkhand. CoW(W)-1 has been showing promise. West Bengal and plains of N. DWR 162 and MACS 2496 for bread wheat and MACS 2846 for durum • LSI sown conditions: PBW 533. Karnataka • For TSI conditions GW 322. NIAW 917. variety DBW 14 has shown promise in Jharkhand and Assam • For plains of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh – a state release variety.E. K 9644 for bread wheat and AKDW 2997-16 for durum. HW 2045. some parts of the plains of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh • Due to early onset of rains and to avoid pre-harvest sprouting. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .Plant Protection Measures • Replace with new resistant varieties for rust resistance • Spray the crop (susceptible varieties only) with propiconazole 25 EC (Tilt 25 EC) @ 0.0 g / Kg seed. • Seed treatment with T. This spray will also help in control of powdery mildew and Karnal bunt diseases.Raj MR-1 Barley varieties .1% at yellow rust initiation.RD 2035 and RD 2052. For managing cereal cyst nematode (CCN) in dry belt of northern Rajasthan CCN resistant wheat variety . viride @ 4 g / Kg seed in combination with carboxin 75 WP (Vitavax 75 WP) @ 1.25 g / Kg seed or tebuconazole 2 DS (Raxil 2 DS) @ 1. . Seed Rate: timely sown conditions : 100 kg/ha late andmethods: rainfed conditions : 125 Kg/ha (increased by 25%) Sowing In lines using fertilizers-cum-seed drills and discourage broadcast sowing Row to row spacing : 23cm (timely sown) and 18 cm (late sown) Seeding depth : around 4-5 cm. Late sown : 10th to 16th Dec. Use of rotary tiller followed by broadcasting of seed and fertilizer causes the lodging problem leading to reduced yields. Zero till and rotary till drill can be used for economising cost of cultivation. Thus. Rotary tiller having drilling mechanism for seed and fertilizer should©© Directorate only be used. Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .Resource Management Sowing time The average temperature at sowing : around 23±10C Timely sown : 5th to11th Nov. 5% managanese sulphate solution 2-4 days before first irrigation and two to three sprays afterwards at weekly intervals on clear sunny day.Nutrient management • • • • Use of recommended doses of the fertilizers (NPK) Nitrogen use efficiency is more when fertilizer is placed by drill 1/3rd N application at sowing and 2/3rd at first node stage. • Micronutrient deficiency appears under light soils under intensive cropping especially in rice-wheat cropping system. • Zinc sulphate should be applied @ 25kg/ha once in rice-wheat system or 2-3 foliar spray of 0.5% zinc sulphate (21% zinc) at 15DI • In Mn deficient soil. • Application of K is necessary. Supplementing inorganic fertilization (NPK) with Zn and FYM increases the wheat yield. SSP. spray 0. Cosavet -90 WDG (10 kg/ha) or gypsum (250 kg/ha) can be applied. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . : increasing yield and protein content. • In sulfur deficient soils. PZ & SHZ Time of sowing 120:60:40 kg NPK /ha 1/3 N +P + K at sowing and 2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS Rainfed 60:30:20 kg NPK/ha at the time of sowing Sowing conditions Irrigated timely sown NHZ.Nutrient management Sowing conditions Irrigated timely sown NWPZ & NEPZ Time of sowing 150:60:40 kg NPK /ha 1/3 N +P + K at sowing and 2/3 at first node stage i.e. 35-40 DAS Irrigated late sown 90:60:40 kg NPK /ha 1/3 N +P + K at sowing and 2/3 at first node stage i.e.e. 35-40 DAS Irrigated late sown 120:60:40 kg NPK /ha 1/3 N +P + K at sowing and 2/3 at first node stage i. CZ. 35-40 DAS Rainfed 60:30:20 kg NPK/ha at the time of sowing © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Pinoxaden can also be used in barley for grassy weed control. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron or isoproturon +2.4-D / metsulfuron  Complex weed flora Grass herbicides (clodinafop. pinoxaden) should not be tank mixed with either 2. fenoxaprop.4-D or metsulfuron and to avoid antagonism the grass and broad-leaved herbicides should be applied sequentially. © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .Weed management Sulfosulfuron / pendimethalin both grassy and non-grassy weeds Clodinafop / fenoxaprop / pinoxaden specific to grasses. balanced fertilisation and integrated nutrient management. Mn – Integrated management for weed control especially Phalaris minor © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . – Addition of organic matter to soil through green manuring. S.Short term strategies for states of Punjab and Haryana Improving soil health – RWCS: high pressure on land resulting in decline in total factor productivity. crop residue recycling. – Diversification/intensification of RWCS by including pulse crops – Minimum soil disturbance with residue retention at the soil surface help in water conservation as well as slow decomposition and thus building up the organic carbon status of the soil – solution to crop residue burning – Correction of micro-nutrient deficiency –Zn. Bihar –problem in 60% wheat growing area as seed replacement is very low) – • a bouquet of latest and improved varieties for different production conditions are available – need more breeder seed of recent released varieties – Fertilizer . is critical) and its balanced use – Irrigation water (Timely availability is important) – Farm machinery (Mechanization is on a lower scale in northeastern. storage and market © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . central and peninsular parts) •Infrastructure development – roads.Short term strategies for other states •Availability of essential inputs for timely sowing – the most important factor – Improved seed (More problem in Eastern UP.availability (its availability in required quantity and at initial and growth stage. Long-term strategies for increasing wheat production • Breaking yield barriers – Developing wheat hybrids through CMS approach – Broadening of genetic base of varieties • Through use of winter x spring hybridization • Use of Chinese germplasm • Use of wild species for biotic and abiotic stresses – Biotechnological interventions • Gene pyramiding • Marker aided selection for biotic. abiotic and quality traits • Structural and functions genomics © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Long-term strategies for increasing wheat production • • • Sustainability of rice-wheat system through – Resource conservation technologies – Refinement of machines – Developing tillage specific varieties – Diversification/intensification – Water and nutrient use efficiency – Tackling weeds and pests under new tillage – Residue management – Land leveling through laser leveler Improving soil health – Increasing carbon content – Correction of micro-nutrient deficiencies/toxicity – Balance use of fertlizers Organic farming © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Long-term strategies for increasing wheat production • • • • • • • • Use of agriculturally important micro-organisms – Bio-agents – Biological control of pests and diseases Integrated pest management Survey and surveillance for new races Combating rusts through durable resistance – New race of yellow rust – 78S84 – New race of black rust – Ug99 Creating effective resistance against leaf blight and Karnal bunt Newly emerging problems of termites and aphids Wheat quality improvement – Developing product specific varieties – Increasing protein content. sedimentation value and grain hardness to match international standards – Improving beta carotene and protein content and semolina recovery in durums – Biofortification – Collaboration between research institutions and wheat based industry   © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Special Recommendations • Phase out of old susceptible cultivars • Checking introduction of varieties in non-recommended areas • Improving storage facility • Incentives for profitable crop production © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research . Thanks © © Directorate Directorate of of Wheat Wheat Research Research .