DOUBLE ACTING HACKSAW MACHINE USING SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISMABSTRACT : This project and implimentation is worked under by the scotch yoke mechanism. The scotch yoke mechanism convert the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion. The machine has the prime mover at the bottom of the machine The pulley is attached to the body at the top and the end of the side portion The pulley is connected with the disc type plate The pulley and the disc has separate connection with the one small metal rod through the bearing The motor and pulley is connected with one V-type belt The clamp is fixed with the disc. The clamp is fixed with the two shaft at the two end The each shaft is act the reciprocating motion through the each shaft. The hack saw connected to the each shaft at the end. PARTS OF THE PROJECT 0.5HP MOTOR PULLEY BEARINGS SHAFT HACKSAW V-BELT O TYPE CLAMP SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM AIM OF THE PROJECT To design and manufacture a working model of Scotch yokemechanism. To get a practical exposure of machine tools and othermanufactur ing equipments. PROBLEM STATEMENT To convert rotary motion into Reciprocatory motion in asimple harmonic manner. To build a working model which can be fabricated easily using the available tools and machinery. INTRODUCTION The Scotch yoke is a mechanism for converting the linear motionof a slider into rotational motion or vice-versa. The piston The inversion is obtained by fixing either the link 1or link 3. In Fig. when the link2 (which corresponds to crank) rotates about B as centre. The fixed link1 guides the frame. . This mechanism is an inversion of the double slider crankmechanism. The shape of themotion of the piston is a pure sine wave over time given aconstant rotational speed. In this mechanism. link 1 is fixed.orother reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke witha slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. thelink 4 (which corresponds to a frame) reciprocates. Scotch Yoke Mechanism The Scotch yoke is a mechanism for converting the linear motion of a slider intorotational motion or vice-versa. When there are many carsrequiring services at the three shops. itis impossible to perform two tasks for a car simultaneously. A car may require the following work. it is desirable to construct a service schedule that takesthe least amount of total time. These three tasks may be carried out in any order. Consider a largeautomotive garage with specialized shops. since the exhaust system. The shape of the motion of the piston is a puresine waveover time given a constantrotational speed . production planning. and tune-up shops are in different buildings. Thepistonor other reciprocating part is directly coupled to aslidingyokewith a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part.NTRODUCTION Multi-operation machine as a research area is motivated by questions that arise inindustrial manufacturing. replaceexhaust system. alignment.However. and computer control. align wheels. and tune up. Figure 1.1 Sectional view of Scotch yoke mechanism . Figure 1. 1. For a complete rotation of crank the yoke moves through a length equalto double the length of the crank. Here the crank is madein some length and the yoke is also made using the same material. shaft and crank attached to the shaft startrotating. The maximum displacement will be equal to the length of the crank. When the crank completes the next of rotation the yoke comes back to its initial position.2 Front view of Scotch Yoke Mechanism 1. Whenthe crank rotates through in clockwise direction the yoke will get a displacement in the forwarddirection. The displacement of the yoke can be controlled by varyingthe length of the crank . Now the crank is welded to the end of the shaft of the motor. The yoke with the iron bars is fixed on the display board with the help of c clamp. The pin used to connect yoke and crank is a bolt. The crank and yoke isconnected with a pin. When the crank completes a full rotation the yoke moves back to the initial position.yoke moves in the backward direction.3 Working principle When the power is supplied to the 12v Dc motor. Iron bars are welded to both sides of the yoke to get the reciprocatingmotion. Now the pin o n the crank isconnected to the yoke. . For the next of rotation. It is noted that theminimum length of the yoke should be double the length of the crank.2 Construction The scotch yoke mechanism is constructed with iron bars. As the crank rotates the pin slides inside the yoke and also moves the yoke forward. . Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. 2.2 Principles of Operation of DC Motor . Bengaluru. Page 4 from rechargeable batteries. providing the motive power for the first electric vehicles. or in large sizes tooperate steel rolling mills and paper machines. TodayDC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives. AMCEC. The stator is thestationary part of the motor.field magnet(s). the windings beingelectrically connected to the commutator. this includes the motor casing. armature). when this is then placed in an externalmagnetic field. while like polarities (Northand North. In most common DC motors (and all that Beamers will see). stator.In any electric motor. while green represents a magnet or windingwith a "South" polarization). operation is based on simple electromagnetism. commutator.Let's start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents amagnet or winding with a "North" polarization. it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor.a. . opposite (North and South) polarities attract.1 Sectional view of DC Motor Every DC motor has six basic parts: axle. The above diagram shows a common motor layoutwith the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets. Figure 2. rotor (a. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core). The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed toharness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an externalmagnetic field to generate rotational motion. As you are well aware of from playing withmagnets as a kid. The rotors (together with the axle and attached commutator) rotate withrespect to the stator.. theexternal magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent magnets. South and South) repel. A currentcarrying conductor generates a magnetic field.k. as well as two or more permanentmagnet pole pieces. and tothe strength of the external magnetic field. and brushes. Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. AMCEC. and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the . commutator contacts. Bengaluru. and rotor windings are such thatwhen power is applied. the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) aremisaligned. Page 5 The geometry of the brushes. and/or positioning is required. Brushless Motor . small and easily controlled.This type of motor is basically a brushed DC motor with some form of positional feedback control connected to the rotor shaft.This type of motor produce a magnetic field in the rotor by using permanent magnets attached to it and commutation is achieved electronically . Brushed Motor . Theyare generally smaller but more expensive than conventional brushed type DC motors because they use "Hall effect" switches in the stator to produce the required stator field rotational sequence but they have better torque/speed characteristics. is the most commonlyused actuator for producing continuous movement and whose speed of rotation can easily becontrolled. A DC motor consists of two parts. hence the term "Brushed".The DC Motor or Direct Current Motor to give it its full title. ii. are moreefficient and have a longer operating life than equivalent brushed types. the brushes move to the next commutator contacts. i. a "Stator" which is thestationary part and a "Rotor" which is the rotating part.This type of motor produces a magnetic field in a wound rotor (the part that rotates) by passing an electrical current through a commutator and car bon brush assembly. They are connected to andcontrolled by a PWM type controller and are mainly used in positional controlsystems and radio controlled models.driving it to continue rotating. The stators (the stationary part) magneticfield is produced by using either a wound stator field winding or by permanentmagnets. iii. The result is that there are basicallythree types of DC Motor available. servo type control.stator's field magnets. making them ideal for use in applications were speed control. Given our example two-pole motor. the rotation reverses thedirection of current through the rotor winding. Servo Motor . Generally brushed DC motors are cheap. andenergize the next winding.As the rotor reaches alignment. leading to a "flip" of the rotor's magnetic field. Normal DC motors have almost linear characteristics with their speed of r otation beingdetermined by the applied DC voltage and their output torque being determined by the . Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism . AMCEC. The speed of rotation of any DC motor can bevaried from a few revolutions per minute (rpm) to many thousands of revolutions per minutemaking them suitable for electronic. AMCEC. Bengaluru. or in large sizes tooperate steel rolling mills and paper machines.2 Principles of Operation of DC Motor In any electric motor. when this is then placed in an externalmagnetic field. providing the motive power for the first electric vehicles. automotive or robotic applications. it will experience a force proportional to the current in the . Bengaluru. Page 4 from rechargeable batteries. Page 6 current flowing through the motor windings. By connecting themto gearboxes or gear-trains their output speed can be decreased while at the same timeincreasing the torque output of the motor at a high speed Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering.Department of Mechanical Engineering. TodayDC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives. 2. operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A currentcarrying conductor generates a magnetic field. k. the windings beingelectrically connected to the commutator. and brushes. In most common DC motors (and all that Beamers will see).Let's start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents amagnet or winding with a "North" polarization. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core). theexternal magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent magnets. and tothe strength of the external magnetic field. armature). this includes the motor casing.conductor. As you are well aware of from playing withmagnets as a kid. while green represents a magnet or windingwith a "South" polarization).field magnet(s). . Figure 2. as well as two or more permanentmagnet pole pieces.1 Sectional view of DC Motor Every DC motor has six basic parts: axle.a. The rotors (together with the axle and attached commutator) rotate withrespect to the stator. opposite (North and South) polarities attract. South and South) repel.. rotor (a. stator. while like polarities (Northand North. The stator is thestationary part of the motor. The above diagram shows a common motor layoutwith the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets. The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed toharness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an externalmagnetic field to generate rotational motion. commutator. AMCEC. and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the . the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) aremisaligned. Page 5 The geometry of the brushes. commutator contacts.Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. Bengaluru. and rotor windings are such thatwhen power is applied. the rotation reverses thedirection of current through the rotor winding. small and easily controlled. are moreefficient and have a longer operating life than equivalent brushed types. andenergize the next winding. making them ideal for use in applications were speed control. Generally brushed DC motors are cheap.stator's field magnets. Normal DC motors have almost linear characteristics with their speed of r otation beingdetermined by the applied DC voltage and their output torque being determined by the .This type of motor produces a magnetic field in a wound rotor (the part that rotates) by passing an electrical current through a commutator and car bon brush assembly.This type of motor is basically a brushed DC motor with some form of positional feedback control connected to the rotor shaft. Brushed Motor .As the rotor reaches alignment.This type of motor produce a magnetic field in the rotor by using permanent magnets attached to it and commutation is achieved electronically . iii. servo type control.and/or positioning is required. ii.driving it to continue rotating. The stators (the stationary part) magneticfield is produced by using either a wound stator field winding or by permanentmagnets. i. is the most commonlyused actuator for producing continuous movement and whose speed of rotation can easily becontrolled. They are connected to andcontrolled by a PWM type controller and are mainly used in positional controlsystems and radio controlled models. A DC motor consists of two parts. a "Stator" which is thestationary part and a "Rotor" which is the rotating part. Brushless Motor .The DC Motor or Direct Current Motor to give it its full title. the brushes move to the next commutator contacts. The result is that there are basicallythree types of DC Motor available. hence the term "Brushed". Theyare generally smaller but more expensive than conventional brushed type DC motors because they use "Hall effect" switches in the stator to produce the required stator field rotational sequence but they have better torque/speed characteristics. leading to a "flip" of the rotor's magnetic field. Servo Motor . Given our example two-pole motor. Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism . the stationary bodyof the motor called the Stator and the inner part which rotates producing the movement calledthe Rotor or " Armature " for DC machines. parallel or both together (compound) with the motors armature.These electromagnetic coils which form the stator field can be electrically connected inseries. unlike AC machines whose stator field continually rotateswith the applied frequency. Bengaluru. 2.Department of Mechanical Engineering. The motors wound stator is an electromagnetcircuit which consists of electrical coils connected together in a circular configuration to produce the required North-pole then a South-pole then a North-pole etc. A series wound DCmotor has its stator field windings connected in series with the armature. The speed of rotation of any DC motor can bevaried from a few revolutions per minute (rpm) to many thousands of revolutions per minutemaking them suitable for electronic. Likewise. By connecting themto gearboxes or gear-trains their output speed can be decreased while at the same timeincreasing the torque output of the motor at a high speed.The current which flows within these field coils is known as the motor field current.3 Brushed DC Motor A conventional brushed DC Motor consist basically of two parts. Page 6 current flowing through the motor windings. AMCEC. automotive or robotic applications. type st ationarymagnetic field system for rotation. a shuntwound DC motor has its stator field windings connected in parallel with the armature asshown . AMCEC. Page 35 Project pictures .Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. Bengaluru. Page 29 CHAPTER-3FABRICATION 3.2 Scotch Yoke MechanismFigure 3. Page 30 Slider height: 13cmSlider width: 5cmRectangular frame length: 68.1 frame Specifications:Length: 68.5cmTube diameter: 2. AMCEC.5cmHeight: 71cm3.5cmSupporting link length: 18cmSupporting link height: 13c mFigure 3.3 Circular work table Specifications : Table diameter: 7.2 Scotch Yoke Mechanism Specifications:Tube length: 85.1 Frame Work Figure 3.4 3D view of multipurpose machine .5cmBreadth: 18.Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. Bengaluru. Bengaluru.3 Work TableFigure 3.5cmDisc diameter: 14cm Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering.5cmRectangular frame height: 36cm3. AMCEC. . 4.Advantages Hightorqueoutput with a small cylinder size Fewer moving parts Smoother operation Higher percentage of the time spent attop dead center (dwell) improving theoreticalengine efficiency of constant volume combustion cycles though actual gains havenot been demonstrated.2 Disadvantages . In an engine application. elimination of joint typically served by a wrist pin. and near elimination of piston skirt and cylinder scuffing. as side loading of piston due to sineof connecting rod angle is eliminated. Lesser percentage of the time spent at bottom dead center reducing blow down timefor two strokeengines. Increased heat loss during combustion due to extended dwell attop deadcenter offsets any constant volume combustion improvements in real engines. SyTech engine. when compared with a conventional piston and crankshaftmechanism. and manyhot air enginesandsteam engines. Rapid wear of the slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures.3 Applications This setup is most commonly used in control valveactuatorsin high pressureoil andgas pipelines It has been used in various internal combustion engines. such as theBourke engine. . 4. which include cutting speed. Multipurpose machine is derived from turning lathe which has been a wellestablished industrial processes offering attractive capabilities for handling wo rk piece of various length to be used at micro level.The following major conclusions may be drawn from the present project report. It is also used in multipurpose machines and I. We have presented the development of multipurpose machine in various modes bywhich it can be actively adopted. type of tooling and machining parameters and process performance measure. Different types of attachments and tools which can be implemented on multipurposemachine has been discussed We have discussed the entire time line and working chart . It can be used in direct injection engines like diesel engines. the presented results can help to plan the machining of work piece with expected tolerance.The project report focus onthe principle of scotch yoke mechanism.materi al removalrate with different type of equipments which can be run simultaneously and fabricate thework piece In multipurpose machine has been presented . depth of cut. It is concluded that this mechanism is a goodchoice to convert rotating motion into reciprocating motion because of fewer moving partsand smoother operation. Its motion characteristics are studied. hot air engines. We have explained the various parts and components of multipurpose machine usingscotch yoke mechanism.In this project report we provide an overview of the issues concerning differentaspects of multipurpose machine using scotch yoke mechanism . CONCLUSION The scotch yoke mechanism is made and its advantages and disadvantages arediscussed. .C engines. . . Page 33 The vital need for the fabrication of a multipurpose machine is significant in the muchdelay and time as well as energy wasted in using simple hand tools to carry out jobs. . multipurposemachine will helps to reduce the cost and consequently increase the rate of production and craftsman’s skill . AMCEC. simple hand tools that were in use before are no longer efficient for mass production. which necessitates an intermediatetechnology. there comes the need for urgent attention to better and usefulmultipurpose machines.2) Manufacturer tends to upgrade their machines to compete with the new machine withnew technology.Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical Engineering. It’s also gives main idea how the project to be completed.3) Lathe machine cutting tool can easily break and needs to enhance its tool life.The continuous quest to have the problems of man and his growing needs solved has ledto the establishment of factories and other industries. the cost of a lathe machine is too high for an average user. Also. The general purpose for any project is to find solutions on a certain problems. However.Moreover. the problems that need to be solved are:-1) Any manufacturer wants to reduce cost and time taken to complete a product but gives better quality products and increases the outputs. Bengaluru. Then. For this project. Analyzing service failures and recoveries a process approach. (2001). & Levesque. 339346. A.. Service recovery: aframework and empirical Investigation.S. S.The Journal of Services Marketing.H. correctionsand defections: implications for Scotch yoke mechanism.. 12(1). & Karwan.R. (2000). [2]Mattila.International Journal of kinematic links. T. (1999). G..L. 15(7). 6-15. J.[5]Miller. Journal of links Management.com/?Using-Your.G. The effectiveness of service recovery in a multi-industry setting..J. R. 10(6). R. [3]McDougall.REFERENCES [1]Mack. 387400. (2001). A. J. [4]Michel. K. [6]Six types of service scotch-Yoke mechanism and rack and pinion mechanism (Chaseand Stewart. Mueller. 1994) [7]http://ezinearticles.multipurpose machines – Way & id=4352151 .. 596-583. Crotts.. C. Perceptions. & Broderick. (2000). 18(4). Craighead. International Journal of Contemporary mechanism 11(1). 20-33 . Waiting for service: the effectivenessof recovery strategies.W. Development of Multi Purpose Machine With Scotch Yoke Mechanism Department of Mechanical E . Bengaluru. Page 35 Project pictures . AMCEC.ngineering.
Report "Double Acting Hacksaw Machine Using Scotch Yoke Mechanism"