01/05/2016Diplomacy: Meaning, Nature, Functions and Role in Crisis Management Navigation Diplomacy: Meaning, Nature, Functions and Role in Crisis Management by Dinesh International Politics Advertisements: Diplomacy stands accepted as the mainstay and the core process of relations among nations. The process of establishment of relations among nations begins effectively by the establishment of diplomatic relations among nations. A new state becomes a full and active member of the family of nations only after it gets recognition by existing states. The common way in which this recognition is granted is the announcement of the decision to establish diplomatic relations. Thereafter diplomats are exchanged and relations among nations get underway. As such diplomacy is the means through which nations begin to develop their relations. “Diplomacy is the management of international relations by means of negotiations; the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and envoys the business or art of the diplomats” —Harold Nicholson. “Diplomacy is the inevitable outcome of the coexistence of separate political units (states) with any degree of contact.” —Frankel Diplomacy is a basic means by which a nation seeks to secure the goals of its national interest. Foreign policy always travels on the shoulders of diplomacy and gets operationalized in other states. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 1/12 it means no; and when he says no. (2) Diplomacy is a means of International Relations: http://www.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 2/12 . Diplomacy is.”—Hans J. Panikar (4) “Diplomacy is the management of international relations by means of negotiations; the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and envoys the business or art of the diplomats. he means perhaps; when he says perhaps.” —Padelford and Lincoln (2) “Diplomacy is the application of intelligence and tact to the conduct of official relations between governments of independent states. It is done by means of negotiations and conduct of relations with other nations. Nature.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. Morgenthau On the basis of these definitions.M. “When a diplomat says yes. he is not a diplomat.” —K. Sincere diplomacy is no more possible than dry water or wooden iron. the art of negotiations and conduct of foreign relations. Nature of Diplomacy: (1) Diplomacy is not Immoral: Diplomacy is neither the art of deceit nor mere lies or propaganda.yourarticlelibrary. or “as instrument for employing deceit and duplicity in international relations. in fact. it can be said that. yet it cannot be described as the art of deceit and concealment. Diplomacy is the mechanism for the promotion of national interest of the nation that it represents.” —Sir Ernest Satow (3) “Diplomacy is “the art of forwarding one’s interests in relation to other countries. It is the key instrument for implementing the foreign policy of the nation.” —Harold Nicholson (5) “Diplomacy is the promotion of the national interest by peaceful means.” Such general characterizations of diplomacy have been quite popular but these do not reflect the true nature of diplomacy.” Stalin once observed: “A diplomat’s words must have no relation to action—otherwise what kind of diplomacy is it? Good words are a mask for concealment of bad deeds. diplomacy at times attempts to cloak the real goals of national interests with several ideational principles or morality or rules of international behaviour. Sometimes it is described as “the art of telling lies on behalf of the nation”. Definitions: (1) “Diplomacy is the process of representation and negotiation by which states customarily deal with one another in times of peace. Functions and Role in Crisis Management What is Diplomacy? The term Diplomacy is used in a variety of ways. and nor even something immoral.” Another statesman has also observed. No doubt. Diplomacy is always guided and conditioned by the foreign policy of the nation that it represents. (3) Diplomacy is machinery for action: In itself diplomacy is recognized as official machinery for the conduct of relations among nations. during war its nature undergoes a change; from peace diplomacy it takes the form of war diplomacy. Diplomacy continues to operate even when war breaks out. (9) Diplomacy works in an environment characterised both by Conflict and Cooperation: Diplomacy works in a situation involving both cooperation and conflict. Of course. and special missions all over the world. (7) Breakdown of Diplomacy always leads to Crisis: When diplomacy breaks down. Thus existence of cooperation as well as conflict is essential for the working of diplomacy. embassies. (8) Diplomacy operates both in times of Peace as well as War: Some writers hold that diplomacy operates only in times of peace and when war breaks out diplomacy comes to an end.yourarticlelibrary. or at least of a major crisis develops. consulates. regional negotiations.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 3/12 . Diplomacy always works for the nation it represents. Similarly when there is no conflict diplomacy becomes superfluous because there is no need for negotiations. Nature. the danger of war. It consists of techniques and procedures for conducting relations among nations. (6) Diplomacy handles all types of Matters: Diplomacy may embrace a multitude of interests—from the simplest issues to vital issues to that of war and peace. (5) Bilateral as well as Multilateral in Form: Diplomacy is commonly bilateral in character. However as a result of the growing importance of international conferences. A certain degree of cooperation among nations is essential for the working of diplomacy because in its absence. It always works according to definite and settled procedures and protocol. However. legations. Functions and Role in Crisis Management Diplomacy is a normal means of conducting relations. this is not a correct view. international organisations. It is concerned with all issues and problems among nations.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. (4) Diplomacy acts through Settled Procedures: Diplomacy functions through a network of foreign offices. diplomatic relations cannot be maintained. it has now also developed a plural character. http://www. (10) Diplomacy always works for securing national interests of the nation it represents: The purpose of diplomacy is to secure the goals of national interest as defined and specified by the foreign policy of the nation. 01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. Diplomacy depends upon peaceful means. Diplomacy always seeks to promote the economic. Functions and Role in Crisis Management (11) Diplomacy is backed by National Power. Means of Diplomacy: For securing its objectives. One can describe Diplomacy as an instrument of national interest and a tool of foreign policy. it can issue warnings. (1) Political Objectives of Diplomacy: Diplomacy always works to secure the goals of national interest as defined by the foreign policy. It always works for increasing the influence of the state over other states.yourarticlelibrary. The chances of the success of diplomacy are directly related to the ability of using appropriate means through appropriate tactics. commercial and cultural links of the nation with other nations. and (ii) Nonpolitical Objectives. compromise and threat of use of force. All these characteristics highlight the nature of Diplomacy. These are: (i) Political Objectives. promises of rewards and other such means for this purpose. “Diplomacy is the promotion of national interest by peaceful means. it seeks to justify the objectives of the foreign policy of the nation. Any wrong decision in this respect can lead to a failure.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 4/12 . It uses persuasion. promise rewards and threaten punishment. Diplomacy uses persuasion and influence as the means for exercising power in international relations. http://www. Through rational negotiations. It cannot use force and violence. persuasive methods for promoting the interests of the nation and this is indeed an important nonpolitical objective of Diplomacy. Objectives of Diplomacy: Broadly speaking. give ultimatums. It seeks to promote friendship and cooperation with other nations. but beyond this it cannot directly exercise force. However. Diplomacy has to depend upon several tactics or techniques.” (12) Test of Success of Diplomacy: Success in Diplomacy is measured in terms of the amount of success achieved towards the fulfillment of the goals of national interest in international relations. Each nation depends upon others for economic and industrial links and trade. Diplomacy depends upon three major means: persuasion. In the main diplomacy uses six technique. Nature. (2) Nonpolitical Objectives of Diplomacy: The interdependence among nations is the most important and valuable fact of international living. Diplomacy seeks to secure two types of primary objectives for the nation itrepresents. Diplomacy is backed by national power: A strong diplomacy means a diplomacy backed by a strong national power. which have been defined by the Hostile? A selection of a method or means is done on the basis of the time and circumstances of the situation. rigidity or flexibility in negotiations etc. Kautilya. exploitation of situations.yourarticlelibrary.. creation of particular scenes and situations. Diplomacy has to undertake a number of functions. in his Arthashastra. Dam. (v) Nonviolent Punishment: By depriving a promised reward or concession. http://www.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. Functions and Role of Diplomacy: In performing its tasks and securing its national objectives. it can use threat of use of force—ultimatums. Besides these. Diplomacy also uses propaganda. cultural links. (iv) Threat of use of Force: Diplomacy cannot use force or violence in promoting the national interest. (vi) Use of Pressure: By using pressure tactics Diplomacy can force other nations to accept the desired view or policy or decision or goals that it represents. (iii) Promise of Reward and Concessions: Diplomacy can promise matching rewards and concessions for securing a particular change or maintaining a particular view in the policies of other nations. Diplomacy can inflict nonviolent punishment on other nations. Diplomacy seeks to convince others of the justification of the goals which it is trying to uphold or promote. Major Functions: (1) Ceremonial/Symbolic Functions: The diplomats of a nation are the symbolic representatives of the state and they represent their state and government in all official ceremonies and functions as well as in nonofficial. Danda Bheda and Niti” as the tactics of Diplomacy. Functions and Role in Crisis Management Six Main Devices of Diplomacy: (i) Persuasion: Through logical reasoning. symbolic boycotts. social and cultural functions held in the place of their postings. Nature. (ii) Rewards: Diplomacy can offer rewards for securing acceptance of desired view of a particular international dispute or issue or problem. protest walkouts or even threat of war etc. suggests “Sam. However.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 5/12 . for securing its objectives. intentions and capabilities. in doing so he is totally bound by the directions of his home office and the foreign Policy of the nation. the manner and style of delivering the message greatly influences the course of negotiations. property and interests of such http://www. Diplomats. He can vote in the name of his government. however. personal diplomacy political diplomacy. Along with the nature of the message. observe Palmer and Perkins. It is his responsibility to protect the persons. Economic reporting involves sending of reports to the home office containing general information about the economic health and trade potential of the host country. declined in our times because of the emergence of multilateral diplomacy. (3) Negotiations: To conduct negotiations with other states is a substantive function of diplomacy. A diplomat always attempts to prevent or change practices which he feels are discriminatory to the interests of his country. The political reporting involves a report about the assessment of the roles of various political parties in the politics of the host country.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 6/12 . The level of social and cultural conflicts among the people of the host country and the level of social harmony and cohesion are assessed for determining the level of stability of the host country. they continue to be the legal and formal channels of negotiations in international relations. summit diplomacy and the direct communication links among the world leaders and top statesmen. His representation is legal and political. Functions and Role in Crisis Management (2) Representation: A diplomat formally represents his country in a foreign state. are by definition negotiators. military and social conditions of the host country and the accurate transmission of the findings of the diplomat to his home country. Of course. The diplomats today do not play as great a role in international negotiations as used to be previously played by them. (5) Protection of Interests: Diplomacy is always at work for protecting and promoting the interests of the nation and its people living abroad. Thus reporting is an important and valuable function of diplomacy. It is mainly through negotiations that a diplomat seeks to secure agreements and compromises over various conflictual issues and problems among states. Nevertheless. He is the normal agent of communication between his home office and that of the state to which he is accredited. The role of diplomacy in conducting negotiations has. Nature. Protection of interests is the “bedrock of the practice of diplomacy. and the strategic importance of the host country. and the power potential of each party or organisation. Military reporting involves an assessment of the military might. reconciliation and goodwill. It seeks to assess the friendliness or hostility of the various political groupings towards the home state.” It works to secure compatibility out of incompatibility through accommodation.yourarticlelibrary.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. They are the channels of communication which handle the transmission of messages between the foreign ministries of the parent state and the host state. (4) Reporting: Reporting involves the observation of the political. economic. (iv) Secrecy: Secrecy was considered to be the hallmark of Old Diplomacy. diplomacy plays an important role in international relations.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 7/12 . till 1914. Change in the Character of Diplomacy: From Old Diplomacy to New Diplomacy: In contemporary times the nature of Diplomacy has undergone a big change. This change has earned for it the name New Diplomacy. qualified truthfulness. truthfulness. the Old Diplomacy was characterised by ‘honest lies. Functions and Role in Crisis Management citizens of his country as are living in the territory of the state to which he stands posted. politeness. outward politeness. However in actual operation. (ii) Aristocratic: In Old Diplomacy. Europe was the centre of all international activities. Through all these functions. It was both formal and elitist in nature and approach. Nature. http://www. Diplomats communicated only with their counterparts in other countries. Being an imperial continent which controlled and ruled the continents of Asia and Africa. (iii) Special Emphasis upon Virtues: The Old Diplomacy was aristocratic and hence regarded several well defined and accepted principles as cardinal principles or virtues of diplomats. fairness. strict conformity to protocol. agreements or treaties or alliances were considered to be the ideal ways of conducting relations for the preservation of peace and problem solving. to handle the relations among the European states. nobility and class consciousness.yourarticlelibrary. Diplomacy was conducted by a class of professional diplomats and was characterised by an air of aristocracy. Secret negotiations leading to secret undertakings. self satisfying fairness and strict observance of protocol and secrecy. From its traditional dress (Old Diplomacy) it has come to acquire several new features. Old Diplomacy: Diplomacy in its traditional form is known as Old Diplomacy and its main features have been: (i) European Diplomacy: Old Diplomacy was primarily confined to Europe. The diplomats used to be selected by the monarchs and were responsible to their ‘lords’. Complete secrecy in respect of the negotiations as well as about the outcome of these negotiations was considered to be a vitally important condition of old diplomacy. secrecy and total commitment to national interests were considered to be the essential qualities of diplomats.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning.’ integrity in appearance. Old Diplomacy had its origin in Europe and continued. the conduct of foreign relations was considered to be the prerogatives of the kings or rulers and their trusted ambassadors. integrity. Honesty. Consequently.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. made public soon after the reaching of agreements or treaties or alliances or settlements. (iii) New Diplomacy is less formal than Old Diplomacy: New Diplomacy is not as much formal and rigid in respect of rules or procedures as was the case with the Old Diplomacy. it had to change due to several big changes in the international system as well as because of the development of fast and comprehensive means of transport and communications. http://www. institutionalized diplomacy at the United Nations and the emergence of direct personal contacts among the statesmen and leaders of various states. During the era of Old Diplomacy.’ Old Diplomacy continued to remain in operation till the middle of the 20th century. The rise of Asia. Television and other means of massmedia. Functions and Role in Crisis Management (v) Freedom of Action for the Ambassadors: Within the broad limits of agreed policy. (i) New Diplomacy is Global. the diplomats handling diplomatic negotiations used to enjoy freedom of action. have all combined to give a new look and content to New Diplomacy. New Diplomacy and Distinction with Old Diplomacy: New Diplomacy has the following salient features which have been totally different from the features of Old Diplomacy. there exist quite informal and direct contacts among the leaders and diplomats of various states. whereas Old Diplomacy was mostly Bilateral: Multilateral negotiations in international conferences. Lack of speedy and continuous means of communications made it essential for the state to give wide powers to its diplomats. Diplomatic negotiations are given full coverage over the Radio. invariably always. Press. Presently. Old Diplomacy favoured secrecy as its governing principle.yourarticlelibrary. diplomacy had to abandon its European character and to become truly global in nature and approach. The inability to maintain continuous speedy communications with the ambassadors made it essential for the ruler of the state to give freedom of action and full power to his ambassadors. Thereafter. It now came to be a New Diplomacy. (iv) New Diplomacy is mostly open and Old Diplomacy was mostly secret: In New Diplomacy the negotiations are open and the results are. Africa and Latin America and the emergence of a large number of sovereign independent states changed the character of post war international relations. Old Diplomacy was mostly bilateral and limited; the New Diplomacy is mostly multilateral and global. Nature. Ambassadors always used their authority freely without much fear of the ‘home office. the ambassadors enjoyed considerable freedom in matters of negotiations.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 8/12 . From mostly European relations these came to be truly international relations involving all the sovereign states. Old Diplomacy was mainly European: The New Diplomacy is truly global in nature and scope. (ii) New Diplomacy is mostly Multilateral. world public opinion. Nature. This development has reduced the role of an ambassador as a link between his home state and the host state. In Secret Diplomacy no attempt is made to take the people into confidence. diplomats were regarded as the most important vital links among the states and were full representatives of their nations in international relations. New Diplomacy has reduced the role of diplomats to glorified representatives who really act as highly dignified messengers and actors with the responsibility of faithfully carrying out the instructions of the foreign office and political leadership of their states. decisions. political parties. the role of diplomat has suffered a decline.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. Due to the development of speedy means of transport and communications. (vii) Under New Diplomacy. The control of the foreign office over the diplomats has considerably increased in this real of New Diplomacy. the rise of a more democratic and less aristocratic class of civil servants. Secret Diplomacy and Open Diplomacy: (A) What is Secret Diplomacy? The term Secret Diplomacy is used to designate the diplomatic practice of conducting secret negotiations and making secret pacts. continuous and active contacts with one another. desires and objectives. (vi) New Diplomacy depends more on Propaganda than Old Diplomacy: The use of propaganda/publicity as an important instrument of political warfare in international relations is accepted and used by New Diplomacy as a means for securing the goals of national interest that it represents. In Old Diplomacy. have all given a new dimension and look to diplomacy. the role of a Diplomat has suffered a Decline: In the era of New Diplomacy. who were professionals to the core. the features of New Diplomacy are almost entirely different from the features of Old Diplomacy. and little information about diplomatic activity is provided to the public. used to conduct diplomatic negotiations and relations. a special elitist class of diplomats. Old Diplomacy was mostly secret and hence avoided propaganda.yourarticlelibrary. whereas Old Diplomacy was aristocratic in nature. it has become possible for the political leaders of the states to develop and maintain direct. In the era of the latter. Secrecy is considered vital for the success of diplomacy. (B) What is Open Diplomacy? http://www. alliances and treaties.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 9/12 . Modern ambassadors and consoler’s are democratic in their outlook towards diplomacy. Functions and Role in Crisis Management (v) Democratic Nature of New Diplomacy versus Aristocratic nature of Old Diplomacy: The New Diplomacy is democratic. A degree of informality has come to characterize their functioning in international relations. They enjoyed a lot of discretion and freedom of action. at present the increased influence of public opinion. Thus. It concentrated upon legal and formal communications as the means for conveying its wishes. pressure groups. However. Functions and Role in Crisis Management Open Diplomacy is the opposite of Secret Diplomacy. 4. However. There exists no justification for making secret treaties and alliances because every such instrument has a direct bearing upon the future of the people of the state. Secret negotiations help the diplomats to be free and frank in expressing their views. there are arguments both for and against Open Diplomacy. Use of both Secret and Open Diplomacy: Thus. it can lead to unwanted and harmful popular decisions and reduce efficiency. As such. (2) Arguments against Open Diplomacy or Arguments in favour of Secret Diplomacy: 1. 3. http://www. It is the natural right of the people to know everything about the affairs of their government. therefore. 6.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. It is the right of the people to keep the government responsible for its acts. In the age of democracy. Open Diplomacy is the best way of involving the people in the process of securing national interests and making them politically conscious. It is the duty of the people to keep Diplomacy under check and prevent it from leading the nation into an environment of tensions. Secret Diplomacy leads to deceit. 2. However. People and their groups should have the opportunity to influence the working of diplomacy. 2. General public has neither the ability nor the time to participate constructively in diplomatic debate that may emerge as a result of public access to all information regarding diplomatic negotiations. and irresponsibility on the part of diplomats. double dealings.yourarticlelibrary. (1) Arguments in favour of Open Diplomacy or Arguments against Secret Diplomacy: 1. 4. Secret Diplomacy on the other hand can be more active and efficient.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 10/12 . The best way. because the need for securing public sympathy for an essential state act can make the diplomats practise window dressing and false propaganda. Nature. Open Diplomacy can be misleading in practice. Open Diplomacy is democratic and hence can be helpful in securing international peace. strains and war. it is considered essential that diplomacy must take into account popular wishes and public opinion. can be the middle way— Open Diplomacy in respect of the facts of treaties. it appears to be undemocratic in this age of democracy as it can lead to certain unpopular and aristocratic or elitist negotiations and decisions. It is expected to inform the public about the nature and progress of all diplomatic negotiations as well as about the final agreement or disagreement resulting from such negotiations. Diplomacy must be accountable and for this it is essential that people must know as to what diplomacy is doing and what are its achievements and failures. 3. it is argued that the people have the right and duty to know and to participate in foreign policy decisionmaking. Secrecy in the interest of nation is an absolutely necessary condition for the success of diplomacy. 5. yourarticlelibrary. (2) The Deprecation of Diplomacy: The feeling that diplomacy is a source of secret. the technological revolution has made it possible for the governments to maintain direct and continuous contacts with their diplomats as well as among themselves. The ideal is to let the public know what is considered good for the protection and promotion of national interest. it must be maintained otherwise it is always better to make things public. in the absence of speedy means of communications. These changes and the trend towards public parliamentary procedure instead of traditional diplomatic negotiations have adversely affected the role of diplomacy in international relations. The New Diplomacy offers a middle way of combining secrecy with openness. the governments of the states used to be forced to depend upon their diplomats stationed in foreign countries for conducting negotiations and maintaining relations with one another.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. Nature. should be the considerations for national interest. more so Parliamentary Diplomacy. (3) Advent of New Diplomacy: The emergence of New Diplomacy. If national interest demands secrecy. formality with informality. technology and IT revolution. The guiding principle in determining whether a particular diplomatic negotiation is to be kept secret or made public. Functions and Role in Crisis Management alliances and agreements which a nation makes with other nations and some Secret Diplomacy in respect of diplomatic negotiations. It no longer performs that spectacular role which it used to perform in the 19th Century. which needs elimination in this age of internationalism. http://www. Conference Diplomacy. Love for open democracy and open negotiations has forced the transformation of Old Diplomacy into New Diplomacy. today believe that diplomacy is an ineffective instrument of world peace. Diplomacy has suffered a substantial decline.com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 11/12 . and Personal Diplomacy. The dependence of the government upon diplomats has sharply decreased. underhand. Sharing of all details and negotiations can have an harmful effect on relations with other nations and can hinder the process of attainment of national goals. Some even go to the extent of describing it as a dangerous device which endangers peace. Diplomacy emerged in the era of the rise of nationstate and hence it is a means of power politics and nationalism. Four Factors Responsible for the Decline of Diplomacy: (1) Speedy means of Communication: Previously. Decline and Future of Diplomacy: Decline of Diplomacy: In this age of science. Its role has suffered a big setback. doubledealing and undesirable power politics has been the second factor responsible for a decline of diplomacy. has led to a decline of diplomacy. Presently. Many people. com/internationalpolitics/diplomacymeaningnaturefunctionsandroleincrisismanagement/48491/ 12/12 . transformation of war into total war. In the era of cold war “persuasion tantamount to trickery. all combined to produce a big change in the nature of postwar international relations. So long as the need to eliminate. The presence of cold war. As such. alliances and counter alliances. Nature. It had to become open and tolerate direct personal diplomacy among political leaders and power holders of various states. Diplomacy still continues to be a valuable instrument of international relations. due to several factors. birth of new states. or at least to reduce the chances of war remains. Diplomacy can be successfully used as a valuable instrument for the resolution of conflict and crisis management among nations. rise of the United Nations and other international agencies etc. compromise meant treason and threat of force spelled war”; and all this discouraged the use of diplomacy for conducting relations. and hence. a decline in the role of Diplomacy took place in the 20th century. end of balance of power. (4) The Nature of International System and Role of Diplomacy: The nature of international relations of cold war period (194590) acted as a hindering factor for diplomacy. In the process Diplomacy suffered a decline of role. continues to be regarded as one of the most important means of securing national interest as well as for preserving peace against war. the new diplomacy. nuclear weapons. Future of Diplomacy: Despite a change in its role and functions. two super powers.yourarticlelibrary.01/05/2016 Diplomacy: Meaning. it has made traditional diplomacy unpopular. http://www. Functions and Role in Crisis Management deliberations with leisure and business with increased personal contacts. Diplomats have been trying to help the international community to overcome some of its problems and to secure a resolution of international disputes. Diplomacy had to undergo a change under the impact of several big changes in the international environment and relations among nations. Diplomacy as a mean for the conduct of relations is bound to be used by all the nations. This situation prevails even today. A change or decline in its role does not mean that Diplomacy stands rejected as an instrument of international relations. Its popularity as a means of conflictresolution registered a fall. It continues to be an important element of both National Power and Foreign Policy. With its new dress. Diplomacy in its new form. These changes adversely affected the role of diplomacy as a device of power management in international relations..
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