8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah and grateful to Allah S.W.T the Al-Mighty cause give me an opportunity of managing the specific time to complete this. Without Allah permission definitely I cannot done my project. We can just try and pray but only Allah can decide it. Firstly, I must try all my best, but I know I still at back that why I need and I must try hard with have patience inside me. I know that I must strive forward like ask further information from lecturer and get knowledge from them. I hope in this way I can improve myself with more encouragement and enjoyable for this subject. Not forgot to all my friend who help me when I got trouble and give me a spirit to get more interesting in this subject, meanwhile to my senior who are give me an advice for this subject that really important for getting a job next. I hope that when I done this project the knowledge of this project not just disappears and I always can refer it back and give me the knowledge to extending my educational higher level and also useful as an experience for the future coming. I accept equal responsibility for this texts strength and weaknesses .The entire good thing came from Allah and the weakness is from my own weakness, because it is natural human been. Lastly, I hope that my lecturer always supports me to go forward, and I get more interesting to learn more for have the credibility and creativity in this subject. 1 the flip-flop are most often of the J-K type. 74LS04 and 555. However. It is used to connect the output from 74LS192 to a seven-segment display. and 74LS04). There are 3 type of Integrated Circuit use in this circuit (SN 7447. The type of seven-segment display that has been used is common cathode seven-segment display 2 . SN 7447. 74LS192. 74LS192 IC is a synchronous BCD up/down counter. It is used to count up/down the binary output. the clock is connected to every flip-flop in the counter. 74LS192. the other is the decade counter. It also can be manually stop and reset by an externally push button. One section is called the unit counter. and all those flip-flop that change state do so at the same time. There are 4 types of Integrated Circuit (IC) used in this circuit. then down 99 to 00. In a synchronous counter. SN7447 IC is a BCD to seven-segment decoder. then up 00 to 99. if a flip-flop changes state when a synchronous counter is incremented.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 INTRODUCTION A synchronous binary counter has the same sequence of count states as a ripple counter. the chance occurs on the leading or trailing edge of a clock pulse rather than on the leading or trailing edge of the preceding flip-flop’s output As is characteristic of all synchronous devices. The circuit is a synchronous counter that will count up 00 to 99. The circuit can be divided into two sections. The clock from the IC will replace the clock from the digital trainer. Seven-segment display is used to view the output of the circuit. Instead of the output is display in binary state.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 555 is a timer IC. 3 . the seven –segment display can display it in decimal state without any requirement of translating binary to decimal or any other format. 8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 UP/DOWN SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER CIRCUIT 4 . 5 . IC 74LS192 will received a clock from the timer IC. pin 12 and 3 will generate the clock to the second IC 74LS192 at below.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 SIMULATION OF THE CIRCUIT Up Counter When the up counter switch is turn on. the seven-segment LED will display the output from decimal 00 to 99. The clock is connected to pin 5 (up) and +Vcc is connected to pin 4 (down) which will make the circuit become an up counter. This IC will count up from 0 for a unit counter. When the unit counter reached to 9. This second IC will start count up from 0 for a decade counter. It will also count the output from any decimal number until it reach 99. Then the circuit wills continuous count up from 00 till it reached to the highest value 99. Then it will return to 00 and perform the same operation over and over again. Then the circuit wills continue count down from 99 till it reached to the lowest value 00. the pin 12 and pin 13 will generate the clock to the second IC 74LS192 at below. This second IC will start count down from 9 for a decade counter. the seven-segment LED will display the output from decimal 99 to 00. This IC will count down from 9 for a unit counter. 6 . When the unit counter reached to 0. IC 74LS192 will received a clock from the timer IC. The clock is connected to pin 4 (down) and +Vcc is connected to pin 5 (up) which will make the circuit become a down counter. Then it will return to 99 and perform the same operation over and over again. It will also count the output from any decimal number until it reaches 00.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 Down Counter When the down counter switch is turn on. when the reset button was pushed. But. it will automatically reset the counter circuit. So. This is cause by the Vcc which is connected to clear (pin 14) on the 74LS192 IC make the IC to reset to its original condition. the seven segments LED will reset back to 00. This condition applies to both up and down counter. When the voltage enters to both of this IC. the voltage supply will flow through the pin 14 for both of IC 74LS192. 7 .8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 Reset condition When the clear switch is turn on. when the counter circuit is reset the seven segment will display 00 as at above. In a synchronous counter. Logic 1 on the clear control line will force all counter outputs to logic 0 and hold them there until the clear line is returned to logic pulses and leave the counter in some nonzero state. the J and K inputs to each flip-flop should remain stable at either logic 1 or 0 while the count pulse undergoes its 1 to 0 to 1 transition. The characteristic a synchronous. 8 . the change occurs on the leading or trailing edge of a clock pulse rather than on the leading or trailing edge of the preceding flip-flops output. the flip-flops are most often of under normal operating conditions. However. if such data-hold behavior is required for particular application the J-K type. if a flip-flops changes state when a synchronous counter is incremented. the clock is connected to every flip-flop in the counter.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 ANALYSIS Synchronous Counter A Synchronous binary counter has the same sequence of count states as a ripple counter. 9.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 COMPONENT IN THE CIRCUIT 74LS192 A 74LS192 IC is a synchronous BCD up/down counter. 7) Pin 13 Pin 12 Pin 8 Pin 16 = Qn (Flip-Flop Outputs) = TCD [Terminal Count Down (Borrow) Output] = TCU [Terminal Count Up (Carry) Output] = Gnd (Terminal Ground) = Vcc (Input Voltage Terminal) 9 . 10. 6. 3. Synchronous operation is provided by having all flip-flop clocked simultaneously so that the output change coincidently with each other Pin Diagram Pin Configuration: Pin 5 Pin 4 Pin 14 Pin 11 = CPU (Count Up Clock Pulse Input) = CPD (Count Down Clock Pulse Input) = MR [Asynchronous Master Reset (Clear) Input] = PL [Asynchronous Parallel Load (Active LOW) Input] Pin (1. 15) = Pn (Parallel Data Input) Pin (2. 12.15) = Output Terminal 10 . 11. 2. 13.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 SN7447 A SN7447 IC is BCD to seven-segment decoder. Pin Diagram Pin Configuration: Pin 3 Pin 5 Pin 4 Pin (1. 10. 14. 7) Pin 8 Pin 16 = LT (Lamp Test) = RBI (Ripple Blanking Input) = BI/RBO (Blanking Input/Ripple Blanking Output) = Input Terminal = Gnd (Ground Terminal) = Vcc (Input Voltage Terminal) Pin (9. 6. 8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 555 Timer IC 555 is a timer IC. It will replace the clock from the digital trainer. Pin Diagram Pin Configuration: Pin 1 = Gnd (Ground Terminal) Pin 8 = Vcc (Input Voltage Terminal) Pin 3 = Output (Clock/Timer Output) 11 . Pin Diagram Pin Configuration: Pin 1 = First Input (A0) Pin 2 = First Output (Ā0) Pin 3 = Second Input (A1) Pin 4 = Second Output (Ā1) Pin 5 = Third Input (A2) Pin 6 = Third Output (Ā2) Pin 7 = Gnd (Ground Terminal) Pin 8 = Forth Input (A3) Pin 9 = Forth Output (Ā3) Pin 10 = Fifth Input (A4) Pin 11 = Fifth Output (Ā4) Pin 12 = Sixth Input (A5) Pin 13 = Sixth Output (Ā5) Pin 14 = Vcc (Input Voltage Terminal) 12 . It will invert the input to the opposite condition as it output. It has 6 inverter gates inside an IC. (0 to 1.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 74LS04 74LS04 is an inverter IC. 1 to 0). When the number zero is display. all of pin is turn on except for pin g. Pins are connected to SN7447 IC according to their description. While the input Low is connected through the pin g. d. and f). This seven segment will turn on when connected with the BCD-Decimal decoder and input voltage. e. c.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 Seven-Segment Display The seven-segment display chosen for this project is common Anode. Pin number 3 is connected to the input voltage. This means the input High are connected through all of pin (a. Seven Segment Common Anode LED Display Physical Layout and Schematic Diagram The type of seven-segment display that has been used in this project is a common cathode seven-segment display. This sevensegment has 10 pins. b. 13 . When the number two is display. e. When the number three is display. This means the input High are connected through pin b and c only. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. and g. f. and g is turn on. c. the pin a. b. and e. f. W 14 . While the input Low is connected through pin c and f. only pin b and c is turn on.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 When the number one is display. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. the pin b. d. When the number four is display. c. While the input Low is connected through pin e and f. and g is turn on. d. d. e. While the input Low is connected through pin a. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. d. b. and g is turn on. the pin a. While the input Low is connected through pin a. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. and g is turn on. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. While the input Low is connected through pin b and e. e. When the number seven is display. f. e. the pin a. d. and g are turn on. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pins. f. While the input Low is connected through pin d. d. and g. b. e. c. and c is turn on. b. d. While the input Low is connected through pin a and b. c. the entire pin a. and g is turn on. f.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 When the number five is display. the pin a. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pins. When the number is six displays. the pin c. When the number is eight displays. f. 15 . the pin a. b. d. This means that the input High is connected through this entire pin. While the input Low is connected through the pin e. and g is turn on. 16 .8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 When the number nine is display. f. c. 8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 COMPONENTS LIST This is the list of components that I used to complete my synchronous up/down counter.30 1.40 CONCLUSION 17 .80 Given by Lecturer Given by Lecturer 0. Component 74LS192 IC SN 7447 IC Resistor (1k Ω & 10k Ω) Metric Street Board (MSB) Common cathode seven segment display Reset switch Up/down switch 555 timer IC Capacitor (22µF) IC base (14 pins) IC base (16 pins) Quantity 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 4 Price (RM) Given by Lecturer Given by Lecturer Given by Lecturer Given by Lecturer Given by Lecturer 0.90 2. But if we want do the project we must use the simple logic because to save the budget. With using this state diagram my work very easy and we can see what we need to do. I also find the best way to troubleshoot my circuit counter with the lab assignment. This is because while I build my circuit at stripe board. In here we know what mode that we want to design. This lab assignment give me many experience and I can used this knowledge for build any circuit with greatest For my observation. Therefore that output also can get. 18 . The second step that we need to do is transition table. The first step is we must do the state diagram. I get more knowledge and more information during do this assignment. After we do this we must do the present and next present to get the output before using the Karnough Map. We also must be careful during do design because if we have a careless mistake we can get what the MOD that we want. Such as connection between ic pin and other component. What I get is I know how to design ripple counter. The type of IC that we need to use is 74LS47 and 74LS192. After we get the output then we put it in the Karnough map then we simplified it. After we have followed all the procedure we can design the MOD that we need. I learn how to settle my problem. when we design we can use any logic that we want.8683R DIGITAL AND ANALOGUE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS EED 3303 After I finish this assignment. Before we design we must know the step that we must follow.