DEVELOPMENT OF AREVIEWER MANUAL IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING With Theories and 5,001 Solved Problems and Answered Questions (Elements) For Computerized Mechanical Engineering Licensure Examination Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME ABSTRACT. This project was proposed for the development of a reviewer manual in Mechanical Engineering (ME) with theories and 5,001 solved problems and answered questions (elements) for the computerized mechanical engineering licensure examination. The manual contains all the subject areas required in the curriculum prescribed and specified by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) through the Board of Mechanical Engineering (BME), covering Mathematics, Basic Engineering, Engineering Economy, Industrial Plant Design, Power Plant Design, Machine Design, Machine Shop Practice, ME Law, Contracts, and Professional Ethics. Problems and questions were developed and formulated based on the type of past examinations given by the Board of Mechanical Engineering Examiners. Solved problems and answered questions in the previous Licensure examinations are also included and presented in the reviewer manual. The manual is designed as a review material to be used by ME graduates who are preparing for the licensure examination and by ME graduating students who are taking in-house review program. Furthermore, this could be used by practicing mechanical engineers as a reference material. Key words: reviewer manual, mechanical engineering licensure examination, Board of mechanical engineering, in-house review INTRODUCTION Republic Act 8495, also known as the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Act of 1998, is an Act regulating the practice of Mechanical Engineering (ME) in the Philippines. Section 2 of Article 1 of the Act stipulates that “the State recognizes the importance of mechanical engineers in nation-building and development. Their talents, through sustainable human development, shall be promoted. Thus, the State shall develop and nurture competent, virtuous, productive, and well-rounded mechanical engineers whose standard of professional practice and service shall be excellent, qualitative, world-class, and globally competitive through regulatory measures, programs, and activities.” 65 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development The Act states further in Section 12 and 13 of Article III that “all applicants for registration for the practice of Mechanical Engineering shall be required to undergo and pass a written technical examination as provided for in this Act. The certificates of registration for the practice of Mechanical Engineering shall be of three (3) categories and in order of rank: (a) professional mechanical engineer; b) mechanical engineer; and (c) certified plant mechanic.” One of the qualifications of applicants for mechanical engineer is stated in Section 15c, Article III of the Act: “Any person applying for examination and for a Certificate of Registration as mechanical engineer shall, prior to admission to the examinations, establish to the satisfaction of the Board that he/she holds the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from a university, school, college, academy, or institute duly constituted and recognized as such by the government.” Furthermore, Section 17b of Article III of the Act states: “The applicant shall pass a written examination on different subjects or group of subjects prescribed by the Board, and within the syllabi prepared by the Board with emphasis on power plant and industrial plant engineering, mathematics, engineering economics, economic analysis, laws and ethics, and machine design.” Moreover, the subjects in which the applicant for mechanical engineers shall be examined are as follows: 1) machine design, materials, and shop practice; 2) industrial and power plant engineering; and 3) mathematics engineering economics and basic engineering sciences. With the previously mentioned requirements to practice ME in the Philippines, ME graduates and applicants must be fully equipped and prepared before taking the licensure examination. It is the obligation of the school to prepare their graduating students and graduates before taking the board exams. Thus, the proponent decided to develop a reviewer manual for computerized licensure examination in Mechanical Engineering, designed and formatted according to the type of examinations given by Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) through the Board of Mechanical Engineering (BME). The manual contains theories and 5,001 solved problems and answered questions. Problems and questions were formulated in all subject areas based on the most frequently asked questions and given problems in previous examinations. This manual caters to ME graduating students who are taking “In-House Review Program” and for ME graduates who are preparing for the licensure examination. Most importantly, the manual can be a useful reference material for practicing engineers. Main Objective of the Project This work was conducted to develop a reviewer manual for computerized licensure examination in ME, designed and formatted in accordance with the type of examinations given by the PRC through the BME. The manual contains theories 66 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering and 5,001 solved problems and answered questions and covers all the subject areas in the Mechanical Engineering curriculum prescribed by the BME. Specific Objectives of the Project This project aimed to: 1. develop a reviewer manual in Mechanical Engineering containing 5,001 solved problems and answered questions and covering all the subject areas, from mathematics to power plant, as prescribed by the BME and Commission on Higher Education (CHED); 2. present theories for the corresponding solved problems and answered questions; 3. formulate problems and questions in all subject areas formatted to the type of examinations given by the BME; 4. present problems and questions on the subject areas that are similar to those commonly asked and given in the previous licensure examinations; 5. present the problems and questions previously given in the past board examinations; 6. provide a reviewer manual in mechanical engineering for graduating students who are taking in-house review program and for ME graduates preparing for licensure examination; and 7. provide a reference material for practicing engineers. Significance of the Project The development of the review manual will enable the Engineering Department of Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba to have a review material in ME that can be used in the in-house review program for ME graduating students. It could also be used as a reviewer by ME graduates preparing for licensure examination and as a reference material by practicing engineers. This could likewise be the basis of other instructors or professors in developing a handbook or manual for their respective subjects. Lastly, the review manual could be used by other schools in preparing their graduating students and graduates for the ME licensure examination. 67 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development METHODOLOGY The manual is the compilation of theories and 5,001 solved problems and answered questions (elements) formulated by the author. It covers all subject areas from mathematics to power plant design. All problems and answered questions are formatted according to the the type of past examinations given by the BME. Answered problems and questions given in the previous licensure examinations are also presented in this reviewer manual. To complete this reviewer manual, the following steps were executed: 1. Gathering and organizing data/materials; 2. Formulating and solving the problems and questions for each subject area; 3. Computer encoding of the data and notes available; 4. Printing and binding the guidebook; 5. Presenting the first draft of the guidebook to the Research and Development Department (R&DD) and Technical Committee; 6. Revising and printing; 7. Presenting the draft to the academic board; 8. Finalizing, printing, and binding; 9. Submitting the final copy of the reviewer manual to the RDD; and 10. Presswork. OUTLINE OF THE GUIDEBOOK The contents of the guidebook are spelled out in the following outline: Title Author, Date, and Edition Disclaimer Box Preface Acknowledgments A Note from the Author Table of Contents PART I. MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING ECONOMY, AND BASIC ENGINEERING Module I. Mathematics A. Algebra and Plane Trigonometry 1. Fundamental Algebraic Law 2. Polynomials 3. Roots of quadratic equation 4. Rules for exponents and radicals 5. Logarithms and logarithm identities 6. Simultaneous linear equations 7. Degrees, radians, and plane angles 68 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering 8. Triangles, right triangles, and circular transcendental functions 9. Trigonometric identities B. Analytic Geometry 1. Mensuration of regular shapes 2. Straight lines 3. Plans and conic sections 4. Distances and angles between geometric figure C. Differential and Integral Calculus 1. Derivative of a function 2. Elementary derivative operations 3. Derivative operations on functions and combinations of a functions 4. Critical points 5. Integration 6. Elementary operations 7. Definite integrations 8. Areas and volumes of integration D. Differential Equations 1. Types of differential equation 2. Applications of differential equations E. Probability and Analysis of Statistical Data 1. Set theory 2. Combination of elements 3. Permutations 4. Probability 5. Joint probability 6. Complimentary probabilities Module II. Engineering Economics, ME Laws, and Code of Ethics A. Basic Principles of Engineering Economics 1. Interest, Annuities, and Depreciation 2. Principles of engineering accounting 3. Alternative investments 4. Replacement analysis 5. Break even analysis B. Mechanical Engineering Law C. Mechanical Engineering Code D. Code of Ethics for Mechanical Engineers E. Obligations and Contract Module III. Basic Engineering Sciences and Engineering Materials A. Chemistry 1. Theory of atoms and molecules 2. Calculation of chemistry changes and energy 3. Chemical bonding 4. Nuclear chemistry 69 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development B. Physics 1. Waves 2. Sound 3. Heat 4. Light C. Electricity and Magnetism 1. Modern Physics 2. Atomic 3. Nuclear 4. Theory of relativity 5. Quantum theory 6. Laser (Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) D. Strength of Materials 1. Stress and strain 2. Torsion and bending 3. Tensile and compressive stresses 4. Combined stresses E. Fundamentals of Direct-current and Alternating-current Circuits 1. Elementary distribution system 2. Electrical wiring 3. Rotating electrical machines 4. Light, illumination, and optics F. Electronics 1. Introduction to electronics 2. Semiconductor materials 3. Device performance characteristics 4. Electrical measurements PART II. POWER PLANT AND INDUSTRIAL PLANTS ENGINEERING Module I. Power Plant Engineering and Design A. Thermodynamics 1. Basic concepts and principles 2. Properties of pure substance 3. Ideal and real gases 4. Vapor cycles 5. Processes of fluids 6. Gas power cycles and internal combustion engine cycles B. Heat Transfer C. Fluid Mechanics D. Fuels and Combustion E. Variable Loads Problems F. Types of Power Plants 1. Diesel power plant 2. Gas turbine power plant 70 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering 3. Combined cycle power plant 4. Steam power plant 5. Hydro electric power plant 6. Geothermal power plant 7. Nuclear power plant 8. Non-conventional sources of energy G. Piping Systems and Insulations H. Machine Foundation I. Instrumentation and Control Module II. Industrial Plant Engineering and Design A. Fluid Machinery and Industrial Plant Elements 1. Dryers 2. Fans and blowers 3. Pumps 4. Cooling towers and other water cooling equipment 5. Gas compressors 6. Chimney or smokestack and draft system 7. Heat transfer equipment 8. Conveyors and other material handling systems 9. Industrial instrumentation and control 10. Machinery foundation 11. A.C. and D.C. Machinery: their performance and characteristics 12. Industrial processes and manufacturing systems and procedures and corresponding flow sheets B. Refrigeration Engineering and Applications C. Air Conditioning Engineering and Applications 1. Psychrometric properties of air 2. Various air conditioning processes 3. Factors affecting human comfort 4. Air distribution and simple duct design 5. Cooling load calculations 6. Design, selection, and specification of air condition 7. Instrumentation and controls for air conditioning D. Other Industrial Plant Engineering Elements PART III. MACHINE DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE Module I. Engineering Mechanics, Machine Elements, and Strength of Materials A. Engineering Mechanics 1. Fundamentals 2. Force analysis 3. Forces in equilibrium 4. Couple and moments 71 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development B. Kinematics or Machine Elements 1. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of mechanism 2. Force analysis of mechanism 3. Cam mechanism and gear trains C. Strength of Materials 1. Stress and strain 2. Torsion and bending 3. Tensile and compressive stresses 4. Combined stresses 5. Column analysis Module II. Engineering Materials and Shop Practice A. Engineering Materials Science 1. Types of materials 2. Properties of materials 3. Material specifications B. Shop Practice 1. Workshop Theory and Practice a. Measuring instruments b. Bench works c. Welding processes d. Testing and inspection of work e. Foundry and metals testing 2. Machine Shop Theory and Practice f. Lathe machines g. Shaper machines h. Planer machines i. Milling machine j. Drilling machines k. Boring machines l. Grinding machines m. Other machine tools D. Machine Design 1. Shafting design 2. Keys and coupling design 3. Sliding elements bearings 4. Rolling element bearings 5. Screw fasteners and bolts 6. Power screws 7. Flexible power transmission elements a. Belts: flat belts, V-belts, and timing belts b. Power chains c. Wire ropes 8. Brakes and clutches 9. Other machine elements 72 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering References About the Author DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANUAL It took the author 13 months to develop and complete the manuscript of the reviewer manual. The work started on January 1, 2008 and ended January 31, 2009 when the final output was submitted to the R&DD of Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This reviewer manual is the product of the author’s 18 years of experience in teaching Mechanical Engineering subjects and 9-year experience as review lecturer in various review schools in Manila. It is likewise based on his experience as founder and review director of JCSF Engineering Review Center in Calamba City. It is the author’s hope that this work will be a good guide for ME graduating students taking in-house review program, as well as a good review material for ME graduates who are preparing for licensure examination and a reference book for practicing mechanical engineers. Comments and suggestions to help improve this reviewer manual would be very much appreciated. The author will be very grateful if any correction to this review manual would be brought to his attention. REFERENCES The following books and handbooks were the references used in the development of this reviewer manual. The Associated Engineering Board Reviewers. Mechanical Engineering Reviewer, Series 2. Technical Publications, Quezon City, 1980 Alcorcon, Ronnie S. Power and Industrial Plant Engineering. VIB Publishers,Cebu City, Philippines, 1998. Armiss, John M., Jones, Franklin D., & Ryfell, Henry H. Machinery's Handbook Guide, 24 Edition. Industrial Press, Inc., New York, 1992. 73 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development ASHRAE, Inc. 1996 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment, SI Edition. ASHRAE, Atlanta, G.A., 1996. ASHRAE, Inc. 1997 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, Inch-Pound Edition. ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, G.A., 1997. ASHRAE, Inc.. 1999 ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment, SI Edition. ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, G.A.., 1999. Bayona, Richard A. & Chua, Albert John Y., Power and Industrial Plant Engineering Review Manual. Merriam & Webster Bookstore, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 1999. Bayona, Richard A. & Chua, Albert John Y., Power Plant and Industrial Engineering Review Manual. Merriam & Webster Book Store, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 1999. Burghardt, David M. and Harbach, James A. Engineering Thermodynamics, 4th Edition. Harper Collins College Publishers, New York, 1986. Burghardt, M. David & Harbach, James A. Engineering Thermodynamics, 4th Edition. Harper-Collins College Publishers, New York, USA, 1993 Burghardt, M. David, Engineering Thermodynamics with Applications, 2nd Edition. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., New York, USA, 1982. Capote, Roger S. and Mandawe, Joel A. 1001 Solved Problems in Power and Industrial Plant Engineering, Volume I. Jrt Publisher and Excel Review Center, Manila, Philippines, 2001. Capote, Roger S. and Mandawe, Joel A. 1001 Solved Problems in Power and Industrial Plant Engineering, Volume 2. Jrt Publisher and Excel Review Center, Manila, Philippines, 2001. Church A. H. Centrifugal Pumps and Blowers, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill book company, 1944. Church, Austin H. Guillet’s Kinematics of Machines, Fifth Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1960. De la Rama, Nicanor C., Pumps and Hydraulic Turbines Reviewer. Merriam & Webster, Inc., no date. Doughtie, Venton Levy and James, Walter H. Elements of Mechanism, International Edition. John Wiley and sons, Inc. New York, 1954. 74 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering El-Wakil, M. M., Power Plant Technology. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, USA, 1984. Faires, Virgil Moring & Simmang, Clifford Max, Thermodynamics, 6th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, USA, 1978. Fax, Robert W. & Mcdonald, Alan T. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1995. Francisco, Jose R. Guidebook in Air Conditioning, Analysis and Design. C & E Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, 2006. Francisco, Jose R. Guidebook in Fluid Machinery. C & E Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, 2007. Francisco, Jose R. Lecture Book in Thermodynamics I. C & E Publishing, Inc., Quezon City, 2006. Giles, Ronald V. Theory & Problems of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York City, 1962. Granet, Irving. Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc., A Simon & Schuster Company Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1996. Gutay, Miguel M., Engineering thermodynamics (A Reviewer/Text SI Units). Merriam & Webster, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 1985. Karassik, Igor J.; Messina, Joseph P.; Cooper, Paul; & Heald, Charles C. Pump Handbook, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York City, 2001. Keenan, Joseph H.; Keyes, Frederick G.; Hill, Philip G.; and Moore, Joan G. Steam Tables. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, 1978 Kristal, Frank A. and Annett, F. A. Pumps: Types, Selection, Installation Operation, and Maintenance, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill book company, Inc., 1977. Linderburg, Michael R., 1001 Solved Engineering Fundamental Problems. Merriam & Webster Bookstore, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 1988. Mabie, Hamilton and Charles Reinholtz. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery, Fourth Edition. John Wylie and Sons, 1987. Mabie, Hamilton & Fred Ocvirk. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery, Third Edition. John Wylie and Sons, 1975. 75 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Letran-Calamba Journal of Institutional Research and Development Manila Review Institute, Inc., Mechanical Engineering Tables and Charts. MRII, Manila, Philippines, 2004. Martin, George H. Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1984. Morse, Frederick T. Power Plant Engineering. Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. 1953. Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Philippine Mechanical Code, 2003 Edition. PSME Code and Standards Commission, Quezon City, Philippines, 2003. Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, PSME Code, 1993 Edition. PSME Code and Standards Commission, Quezon City, Philippines, 1993. Potter, Philip J. Power Plant Theory and Design, Second Edition. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1959. Reynolds, William C & Perkins, Henry C., Engineering Thermodynamics. McGraw- Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, USA, 1977. Salisbury, J. Kenneth. Kent's Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, Power Volume, 12th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Toppan Company, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, 1950. Salisbury, J. Kenneth. Kent's Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, Power Volume. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1950. Sayers, A. T. Hydraulic and Compressible Flow Turbo Machines. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, London, 1990. Shigley, Joseph E. & Mischke, Charles R. Mechanical Engineering Design, 6th Edition.McGraw-Hill, 2001. Shigley Joseph Edward & Uicker John Joseph, Jr. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Second Edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1995. Shigley, Joseph Edward and Mischke, Charles. Mechanical Engineering Design, Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, 1989. Sontag, Richard E., Borgnakke, Claus, & Van Wylen, Gordon J. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New york, USA, 1998. Sta. Maria, Hipolito B. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, SI Edition. National Book Store Publisher, Metro Manila, Philippines, 1989. 76 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME Development of the Reviewer Manual in Mechanical Engineering Stewart, Harry L. & Philbin, Tom. Pumps, Revised Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York City, 1986. Stewart, Harry L. Pumps, Revised Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1986. Todd, James P. & Ellis, Herbert B., An Introduction to Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 1981. Tordillo, Jose Arvin S. Mechanical Engineering Refresher Manual. Todillo Publishing, Cebu City, 2005. Tordillo, Jose Arvin S. Machine Design Reviewer. Tordillo Publishing, Cebu City, 2004. Tordillo, Jose Arvin S., Power and Industrial Plant engineering Reviewer. DMC Busa Printers, Cebu City, Philippines, 1998. Veatch, Black E. Power Plant Engineering. Chapman & Hall, New York, 1996. Wilson, Charles E & Peter Sadler, J. Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery, Second Edition. HarperCollins College Publishers, USA, 1993. Wilson Charles E.; Sadler, J. Peter and Mischels, Walter J. Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery. Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1983. 77 Engr. Jose R. Francisco, PME