International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2017, pp. 57–66, Article ID: IJEET_08_04_007 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=8&IType=4 ISSN Print: 0976-6545 and ISSN Online: 0976-6553 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.1891 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com © IAEME Publication
DESIGN OF WIND SOLAR AND PUMPEDSTORAGE HYBRID POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM S. Sivakumar Associate Professor, Department of EEE, Veltech Dr. RR & Dr.SR University, Chennai, India K. Siddappa Naidu Professor, Department of ECE, Veltech Dr. RR & Dr.SR University, Chennai, India ABSTRACT To rectify the intrinsic defects in wind-solar hybrid system, which is the power generation and electricity load's irrational because of uncertainty of resources. The design of this, can be an agreeable configuration system’s capacity according to the load consumed and resource condition and also can ensure system reliability of power supply which reduces the cost of power generation system. This system is greatly suited for the regions with relatively adequate wind energy and solar energy. Establishment of the power system in this region will obtain a very good economic benefits and social effects of energy conservation. Key words: Solar and Hybrid Energy, Embedded Systems, Net Power Quality. Cite this Article: S. Sivakumar and K. Siddappa Naidu. Design of Wind Solar and Pumped-Storage Hybrid Power Supply System. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 57–66. http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=8&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION Energy in the world basically comes from fossil fuels, hydro sources, thermal sources and renewable sources. Renewable sources available are solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass and energy from waste. The energy resources solar and wind are seasonal, both may not be available at all times which causes an interruption in the power flow thus reducing the efficiency and consistency in the power. The integration of the two energy sources as one helps us to increase the output power of the system as a whole [1]. To design a compact hybrid power generation system using solar and wind energy for domestic and rural purposes. The aim of this paper is to produce energy from wind system implemented in national highways, where the vehicles moves at higher speed produces huge amount of air and at the same time, acquiring the solar energy from the ambient will also be collected [6]. Both wind power and solar power will be acquired simultaneously for charging the batteries. For the purpose of maximum uninterrupted power supply, a DC generator and Power supply line is
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also connected to the system, but these two works in a priority, only when the demand is not met by the wind-solar system [3].
2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 2.1. Hardware Description
Figure 1 Solar and Wind Energy Hybrid System
2.2. Solar Panel The process of converting the energy from the sunlight directly into electricity is done by the solar panels with the help of photovoltaic cells. The solar modules as well as the photovoltaic arrays are made by these cells. This process of generating power could be known as solar power.
2.3 Polarity Control The polarity of the current produced from the solar cells are controlled using a p-n junction diode which allows an electric current in one direction called the PN Junction diodes forward direction which blocks the current in the opposite direction [4].
2.4. Wind Turbine In this paper we bring in the use of an impulse turbine. A turbine is a mechanical device which could convert the kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
2.5. Step Down Transformer When 230V, 50Hz AC supply is used in the primary winding of the power transformer it could either be stepped down or stepped up depending upon the required value of the DC supply. In this system, the step up transformer of 230V/15V could be used to perform the step down operation where 230V,50Hz AC supply appears as 15V,50Hz AC supply towards the secondary winding [2]. 2A is the current rating of the transformer used in this system. Aside from the AC voltage to be stepped down, it gives undivided value between the power source and also the power supply circuits.
2.6. Dynamo A dynamo is an electrical device which can also act as a generator from which the mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy and this is done with the help of a commutator.
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2.7. Inverter For the need of converting the Direct current to alternate current we bring in the use of an inverter. The Alternating current obtained can be at any voltage and frequency based on the transformers, switches and also the control circuits used.
2.8. Interface Chord (RS-232) RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial binary data signals connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment). It is used as a computer serial ports.
2.9. Circuit Diagram 2.9.1. Solar Power Generation
Figure 2 Solar Power Generation
2.9.2. Wind Power Generation
Figure 3 Wind Power Generation
2.9.3. Hybrid Power Generation
Figure 4 Hybrid Power Generation
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2.10. Embedded System To perform the various operations and conversions required to switch, control and monitor the devices a processor is needed. The processor may be a microprocessor, micro controller or embedded controller. In this paper an embedded controller has been preferred because of its industrial advantages in power electronics like built in ADC, RAM, ROM, ports, USART, DAC. This leads to lesser space occupation by the circuit and also the speed of embedded controllers is more compared to other processors [5]. The embedded controller selected for this paper is PIC16F877A due to its various features. The microcontroller used here is PIC16F877A. The microcontroller has three 8-bit ports, one 6-bit port and one 3-bit port. It also consists of an 8-channel 10-bit ADC. The microcontroller is programmed such that the intensity is sunlight is measured at one point and stored in a register. Then the speed of the wind is monitored. The input and output signals are controlled, monitored and displayed. The multiple charging batteries are monitored [7].
Figure 5 Circuit Diagram
Figure 6 Block Diagram
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2.11. Software Description 2.11.1. Visual Basic-6.0 Algorithm
Start the program. Initialize the PIC ports. Initialize the Variables used in the program. Initialize the Graphics screen in ‗C language. Collect Solar Power S1 and win power from The Hardware. Read Analog Values Form PIC by Using Analog Read Protocol. Display All Analog Values Like light intensity, speed of the win, Voltage, And Current In Screen. Plot the Graph by Taking Light intensity On Y-Axis and Time On X-Axis. Plot the Graph by Taking speed of the win On Y-Axis and Time On X-Axis. Calculate TV = (VOL1 + VOL2) / 2. If TV < 3 Then, Out = Out or &H1, Shape1.FillColor = vbGreen Else, Out = Out and &HE, Shape1.FillColor = vbRed End If TV >= 3 and TV 6 and TV < 12 Then, Out = Out Or &H4 Shape3.FillColor = vbGreen, Else Out = Out and &HB, Shape3.FillColor = vbRed End IfMSComm1.Output = "{5D0" & CStr (Hex (Out)) & "}" Stop the program.
Flowchart
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Coding Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) Dim LUX1 As Integer, VOL1 As Integer, CUR1 As Integer, POW1 As Integer Dim WIN2 As Integer, VOL2 As Integer, CUR2 As Integer, POW2 As Integer, POW, POW3, POW4 As Integer Dim NET, TV As Integer Dim Buf As String, Out As Integer Dim SX, SY, EX, EY, SX1, SY1, EX1, EY1 As Integer Private Sub Command1_Click () Me.Hide Form2.Show End Sub Private Sub Form_Load () MSComm1.PortOpen = True MSComm1.Output = "{27}" Sleep 100 MSComm1.Output = "{1C80}" Sleep 100 MSComm1.Output = "{1D00}" Sleep 100 MSComm1.Output = "{5DFF}" Sleep 100 MSComm1.Output = "{5C80}" Sleep 100 Out = &H0 SX = 1320 EX = 7800 SY = 1680 EY = 5760 SX1 = 10680 EX1 = 17400 SY1 = 1680 EY1 = 5760 Form2.Data1.DatabaseName = App.Path & "\HYBRID.mdb" Form2.Data1.RecordSource = "TABLE" POW = 0 POW2 = 0 End Sub Private Sub Form_Unload (Cancel As Integer) End End Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer () LUX1 = Analog (3) VOL1 = Analog (7) ‘CUR1 = Analog (2) WIN2 = Analog (4) VOL2 = Analog (6) ‘CUR2 = Analog (5) VOL1 = VOL1 / 31.6 LIGHT.Text = LUX1 http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/index.asp
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VOLTAGE1.Text = VOL1 WIND.Text = WIN2 VOLTAGE2.Text = VOL2 POW1 = (VOL1 * CUR1) / 360 POW3 = POW3 + POW1 POWER1.Text = POW3 '\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ POW2 = (VOL2 * CUR2) / 360 POW4 = POW4 + POW2 POWER2.Text = POW4 '\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ POW = POW + (POW1 + POW2) NETP = POW '==================== '********************** EX = SX + 50 EX1 = SX1 + 50 EY = 5760 - (VOLTAGE1.Text / 100) * (5760 - 1680) EY1 = 5760 - (VOLTAGE2.Text / (VOLTAGE2.Text + 10)) * (5760 - 1680) Line (SX, SY)-(EX, EY), vbRed Line (SX1, SY1)-(EX1, EY1), vbRed SX = EX SY = EY SX1 = EX1 SY1 = EY1 If EX > 7700 Then Line (1320, 1680)-(7800, 5760), Me.BackColor, BF l1.Refresh l2.Refresh l5.Refresh l7.Refresh SX = 1320 End If If EX1 > 17300 Then Line (10680, 1680)-(17400, 5760), Me.BackColor, BF l3.Refresh l4.Refresh l6.Refresh l8.Refresh SX1 = 10680 End If ==================== D.Caption = Date T.Caption = Time TV = (VOL1 + VOL2) / 2 If TV < 3 Then Out = Out Or &H1 Shape1.FillColor = vbGreen Else Out = Out And &HE
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Shape1.FillColor = vbRed End If If TV >= 3 And TV 6 And TV < 12 Then Out = Out Or &H4 Shape3.FillColor = vbGreen Else Out = Out And &HB Shape3.FillColor = vbRed End If MSComm1.Output = "{5D0" & CStr (Hex (Out)) & "}" Sleep 100 End Sub Function Analog (no As Integer) MSComm1.Output = "{4" & CStr (no) & "}" Sleep 100 Buf = MSComm1.Input If (Buf "") Then Analog = CInt (Mid$(Buf, 2, 4)) Else Analog = 0 End If Analog = 0 End If End Function Private Sub Timer2_Timer () Form2.Data1.Recordset.AddNew Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (0) = VOLTAGE1.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (1) = CURRENT1.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (2) = LIGHT.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (3) = POWER1.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (4) = VOLTAGE2.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (5) = CURRENT2.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (6) = WIND.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (7) = POWER2.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (8) = NETP.Text Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (9) = Date Form2.Data1.Recordset.Fields (10) = Time Form2.Data1.Recordset.Update Form2.Data1.Refresh End Sub
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3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 3.1. Hybrid Power Generation
Figure 7 Test Results of Hybrid Power Generation
The test results show the optimization and efficiency of power quality using hybrid power generation. Using coding we tested the relation between voltage and current in hybrid power generation technology. From this relation of voltage and current, net power was generated and calculated.
3.2. Hardware Kit
Control Kit
Hybrid Kit
Figure 8 Hybrid & Control Kit
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4. CONCLUSIONS This paper approaches on the action of adding energy storage to power electronic compensators for utility applications. The experimental results performed with these systems such as Battery energy storage, custom power, flexible ac transmission systems flywheel energy device, high voltage dc transmission (HVDC), hyper capacitor, power electronics, super capacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage, ultra-capacitor resulted in getting the real net power.
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