Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and EngineeringVol. 2, Issue. 4,October 2015, ISSN 2349-0780 DESIGN AND MECHANIZATION OF OIL EXPELLER Anirudha L. Katkar *1, Dr.C. N. Sakhale2, S. K. Undirwade3 M. Teach Student (M.E.D ),Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019 1 Email:
[email protected] 2 Associate Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019 2 Email:
[email protected] 3 Assistant Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering,Nagpur- India 440019 2 Email:
[email protected] *1 Abstract-Today we know that the India is a developing country and we the main occupation of the people living in India is Agriculture! Yes! Still today! But as we know that Indian Farmers are facing so much problems in their life this is because the uncertainty of the rain this is natural calamity which is most common in our area other than this there are many problems such as their socio economic condition. And this is surely not a natural calamity, so in that case we surely can assist farme5rs by designing the more efficient machines that will be more helpful to the farmers. Which leads to me one common idea i.e. to design an oil expeller, which could be more affordable and surely that can assist the Indian Farmer in his daily earning. The recent upsurge of the interest in the demand of for oil from groundnut has prompted the development of more efficient mechanical oil expeller Keywords-Ground nut, Expeller, Mechanization I. INTRODUCTION Groundnut, or peanut, is commonly called the poor man's nut. Today it is an important oilseed and food crop. This plant is native to South America and has never been found uncultivated. The botanical name for groundnut, ArachishypogaeaLinn., is derived from two Greek words, Arachismeaning a legume and hypogaeameaning below ground, referring to the formation of pods in the soil. USES OF GROUNDNUT OIL 1. Wonderfully pleasant, sweet-flavored peanut oil is low in saturated fats, free from cholesterol, contains essential fatty acid ( linoleic acid (omega-6)) making it as one of the healthiest cooking oils. 2. Being a vegetable oil, it is a good source of plant sterols, especially β-sitosterol. The FDA has approved the following claim for phytosterols: "Foods containing at least 0.4 gram per serving of plant sterols, eaten twice a day with meals for a daily total intake of at least 0.8 gram, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease." Phyto-sterols competitively inhibit cholesterol absorption in the gut and thereby can reduce cholesterol levels by 10% to 15%. There are two main types of processes for extraction of oil from oil seeds. One is physical process and another is chemical process. The physical process involves the use of manual squeezing of ground nut sample by hand. The chemical extraction method is technically more effective and efficient for oil extraction. It involves the use of chemical or solvent and this is otherwise known as solvent extraction. Available online @ www.ijntse.com 7 4.46 And. the oil expeller is powered by human powered flywheel. ) Available online @ www. ISSN 2349-0780 The operating principal of continuous mechanical pressing equipment or proposed oil expeller consists a helical screw which moves the material.4 = 0. Rated power =0.53= 136.044m) × .1416+127. = 100 ∗ = 44 8 . 2. .R = 2. and = × × Where. ( PD) = TD×ωD But. N. when the seeds fed to the screw are more and the angular velocity variation of screw. TD= WD×RD Where.5 hp. = = 6. . Pitch in mm = 12.12×9. ⁄ )=65mm ⁄ Now find the teeth of bigger sprocket. and at the same time. taking factor of safety in consideration.6716 Watt= 0. Watt.53 Now total power required.5222KW select a single strand. V. POWER REQUIREMENT OF MACHINE The total power requirement of the machine is the sum of the power to drive the process unit ( PD) and power to extract the oil ( PE) [11]. [10] and [11] . DO= Major diameter of screw (0.WD = Weight of the pressing Screw=2. 2.4575 = 0.C.02.G. . Pd: = ∗ = 0.75. PT = 9. III. =40.7 To find pitch circle diameter: = = ( . causing the compression of the cake and the resulting output of oil by the linings in the equipment while the de-oiled cake is discharged through the annular ending of the process unit. so = + Where.7972N. = × 19.3664hp. However. PE=power required to extract oil. Chain No. it is somehow confirmed that the demand power for oil expeller is equal to 0. at present the torque due to sprockets and frictional torque due to bearings are not considered so far. = 19.2N So.3829 And. Here.5hp.9805 = 9. stress (τ) in the seed can be given by. diesel or even human powered flywheel. This screw press or oil expeller can be operated by electric motor.522KW For smaller sprockets running at 275rpm and Pd=0. ωD= Angular velocity of pressing screw = × . Teeth on pinion = 16.We assume factor of safety as 2 So the Total power = 2×0.98 = 127.022m.022 − 0. Speed of pinion = Np= 275 rpm. ⁄ . [10] and [11] i) Average surface area of a groundnut seed = 0.ijntse. Centre distance = 580mm Design power. Therefore the total power which is to be supplied to the machine will be approximately 0.1818 / Now. = ⁄ = ( . = = = 381818.DESIGN OF VARIOUS PARTS = × DESIGN OF CHAIN DRIVE In present case. The volume of the forced oil seeds’ mass is being reduces as the transition takes place through the barrel or the casing. II.October 2015.1416 Now.com = . = 0. it is assumed that to overcome these torques and overload conditions it may further demand 0. power to extract oil Since.D of bigger sprocket.46 × 19.183205= 0. compressing it.000121m2 ii) Force required to crush a groundnut seed = 46. = P. × . power to extract oil is defined by.3664 hp Thus from above calculations.1335 hp. eliminating the oil and producing the cake. . .7972 × 0. = 20.183205 hp Now. Hence.7hp =0.TS=Torque of screw in relation with shear stress of groundnut. Issue.5*1.RD = radius of the pressing screw= 0.Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol.75 = = 178.9805 / So.81=20. of flywheel: .85 = 1 ∗ Recommended wear load. = × × = 2. Suppose the time required per second . 2. = = 266.175 = 0. = = 21 × 0. of strands on sprocket = Length of the chain in pitches: / = ∗ ∗ = 56. × × = 23. DESIGH OF SHAFT 1 = 2× = 50 Speed of small sprocket N1 = 275 rpm.ℎ = 0. Now Normal load acting.ijntse.45 Maximum permissible bore: < ∗ i. ISSN 2349-0780 ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ 26 − 25 cos ∗ Now find pith line velocity.0728365 Now find out stress in the flywheel. E. .6536 ∗ 10 + = .6536 = 122 DESIGN OF FLYWHEEL In the forthcoming design following terminologies are used M = mass of flywheel. 2 = = = 0. Hub length. = ( × ) + ( × ) = (1 × 99.33 × 10 . < 34. + / = 0.6675 Now after calculating the K.6525 × 10 = 2ℎ So.155 = 0. .18282 / Flywheel construction detail: Hub diameter.73 = 34.35 ∗ = 0. − No.643125 The K. 2. = = × × × = 34.039 / = 72 Stresses in Flywheel: Centrifugal stress. Do= outside diameter of flywheel. σ1 = × 0.October 2015.35746 ℎ Let. 4.3284) + (1 × 23821) = × 42 × So. = ∗ = Now to find out power capacity/strand: = ∗ . = 2ℎ and = 2 × ℎ So. Tangential force on gear. = = = 487.5 .Pitch circle dia of small sprocket = 65 mm Design Torque: = ×× ×× = × ×. .03641 = 364 And = 2ℎ = 0.3284) + (1 × 23821) = × × = (1 × 99. Issue.E.821 Calculate the moment due to flywheel = = 5395.76 = 25 Hence design is safe DESIGN OF SHAFT 2 Torque Transmitted by the shaft.com 9 . we get = 23.Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol. Rim Diameter = 350mm. the rim cross section be A m . Rim thickness = 50mm Mass of the flywheel: Material of the flywheel = cast iron (ρ = 7200 kg/m3) m = ρ*w*h*π*D==19. . For that assume < 1600 / = 60 == 5. = 2 × 50 .35 ∗ 12. Ρ = density of material.109 Available online @ www.92 Hence design is safe. one can calculate required power from human power.6525 × 10 We Know.7 = 56. . = 0. Rim width = 50mm.33 = 457. Fw:= 0.e.79= 21 Moment of inertia of the flywheel. ijntse.B = 15 mm IV. 4. D = 52 mm.) L = 500 (demonstration model) .Kret = reliability factor. Fr = radial load.40 × × .D = outer race diameter.X = 1.) = (1x 565. N) Fr= 565.2 Side view of the model Figure 6.n = 3 for ball bearing. Issue.Selecting series 02xx ( C = 11000).Fa= 0 N.3 . 2.com 10 .Dimension d = 25 mm.Kr = 1(outer race fixed inner race rotating).Kr = rotational factor.MODELING AND FABRICATION Figure 6. DESIGN OF ANTIFRICTION BEARING = 14. Equivalent load coming on bearing: Fe = (XFr+ YFa)KsKoKpKr (Since.Kp = 1 (no preloaded bearing). C = 4486. Y = 2.2025 + 0) x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2= 1130.Ks= service factor.e = Fa/ F = 0 selecting self-aligning ball bearing. =38849.405 N Life of bearing. Hence design is safe The maximum reaction developed at bearing 565. ( C = dynamic load capacity.Ks = 2 (moderate shock load) Fe = (XFr+ YFa) KsKoKpKr (Since Kp= preloading factor.d = inner race diameter..16 = = ( ) + ( ) = √18185.October 2015.015215 N. L (million revolution): L = (C/Fe) n Kret.4 + 34330 = 38849.16 × 72 × So.2025 N.Kret = 1 (reliability = 90%).006 = 15 . NFa = axial load. ISSN 2349-0780 = = × × = 18185.B = bearing width.Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol.2025 N is considered for designing the bearing.C =(500)(1/3) x Fe.4 Top View of the model Available online @ www. In this oil expeller machine also there is a lot scope for future development such as improvement in design.ijntse.com 11 . FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Research is the unending activity after every research some issues will definitely come out and these issues are available for coming researchers.15190 /. Issue. safety. 6. 1.which can be affordable by the farmers. 2. ----5 2 21kg ----------------------------------------------------- Amount 120 1800 60 60 60 3000 350 250 5 110 110 80 200 2000 250 15 300 120 1320 3000 700 250 150 110 110 240 200 2000 250 90 50 50 900 900 11590 MISCELLANEOUS COST: Labour cost = 1500Rs . The overall estimated cost for the fabrication is approximately Rs. ADVANTAGE Easy in operation Simple in construction Light weight Easy to maintain Portable Affordable VII. Oil paint charges = 300 Rs. Nicrome wire ----Dimmer ----- Qty. The assembly and disassembly of this machine is very easy that can be done by local farmers.Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol.e.October 2015. utility. 3. 4. ISSN 2349-0780 V. Available online @ www.COST ESTIMATION OF PROPOSED OIL EXPELLER Sr. 5. VI. The machines require very less maintenance and running cost is also very low. TOTAL COST:Material cost +Miscellaneous cost Total cost= 11590+1500+1800+300Rs. These issues provide the wide scope for the future design making that machine more and more efficient. Fabrication charges = 1800Rs. 2. 15m 1 1 1 1 2 1 30 1 1 3 1 1 ----6m 1m 1 Wt in Rate Kg in Rs. and use of gear box. 4. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total Name of the Materials component L' shape angle( MS frame body ) MS Shaft MS Flywheel CI Press Screw CI MS Anti-friction Bearings MS Nut and bolts MS MS Chain MS Sprockets CI Freewheel CI Bicycle body MS Paint ----electrical wires ----Heating coil i. Prasad A Hatwalne.S.Moghe. Nov-Dec. H. “Fabrication and testing of a combined groundnut roaster and oil expeller machine”. A new concept in terms of human powered flywheel is applied for design of an oil expeller which finds suitable and comfortable. e-ISSN 2321-9637 [3] Modak J. 1. Mr. V. H. Business and Technologh (IJSSBT). Modak J. “Development of a soya bean oil extracting machine”. Mr. Zakiuddin. REFERENCES [1] Olawale J. Issue. V..Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol. H. Asian journal of science. Modak.Prof. I. 3.”Design and development of a groundnut oil expelling machine”.*. India. Swapnil B.5hp 4. [4] K. The proposed mechanism of oil expeller is very affordable to the Indian farmers as well as rural dwellers. 2014. 2010. Pachwade. [6] Mr. Volume 04.ijntse. E.Bombay. J. M.S.. and Akande. ISSN 0976-3376 [12] Davies Rotimi Moses.6.. C. Also the oil expeller designed is portable. 1982. “Formulation of experimental model data based model for oil press using human powered flywheel motor as energy source”AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal [8] Ajao. “Manufacturing of lime flyash sand bricks using a manually driven brick making machine” Project sponsored by Maharastra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA).1ISSN (Print) 2277—7261. April 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153 [7] A.Ajimitokan. The demand power of the proposed mechanism is estimated to be 0. ISSN 2040-7467 [11] Anebi*. International journal of research and advent technology.G.M. Olaomi. 6(4) 643-648.P. V. Abubakar Mohammed* and Abdulkadir B. ISSN 2349-0780 VIII. ISSN 1686-9141 [9] S. Dhale*. P. 5.issue 04. March 2012 “Human Power: An Earliest Source of Energy and It’s Efficient Use” Pratibha: International Journal Of Science. J.Vol. G. Undirwade for their valuable guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work. Modak. k. Davies. A. P. S. Hassan.2. N. PawanChandak. “Design and Development of the Human Energized Chaff Cutter” New York Science Journal. Patond. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to the project guide Dr. Engineering and Technology 1(2) 10-13. Mahesh Gorde. American journal of science and technology 2014. and Obetta. J. “Performance evaluations of continuous screw press for extraction soybean oil”. issue 5. D. Sakhale and assistant professor Siddharth K. “Some physical properties of groundnut grains”.Zakiuddin. Okegbile. 2009 . “A review on design and analysis of oil expeller spares”. Sondawale. R. J. Journal of agricultural technology 2010 Vol.American journal of engineering research.P.Reasearch journal of applied sciences. I also wish to express my gratitude to other staff members who are rendering their help during my project work. 2. Umogbai. Issue 4. . December 2013. Volume 1. e-ISSN 2320-0847. No. F.com 12 . Volume 2. K. Spirituality. 4. p-ISSN 2320-0936 [2] Mangesh A. Shaikh“An Ergonomics Design Of Pedal Operated Flour Mill”International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications.CONCLUSION 1. This machine provides an ease to operator while seating as the arrangement of the seat is adjustable in various cone depending on the need of an operator. [5]Zakiuddin K. Mr. S.. 2.Arajpure“Design and Development of Turmeric Polishing Machine”International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)Vol. 1(5): 238-242 Available online @ www. 2012 pp-4710-4713 ISSN: 2249-6645 [10] R. Parvezalam I. Issue.October 2015.. 509-557.. design data book. Nautiyal. Olawale James Okegbile. “Design and Fabrication of Groundnut (ArachisHypogaea) Roaster cum Expeller”. “Groundnut post. Shiwalkar. I.K. ISSN 2349-0780 [13] Olatunde O. Nkafamiya*. Gupta. H.C. 2. ‘Design and data for machine elements’ 2014 edition (in SI units) Available online @ www.ijntse. I.O. 4. A Ajav and Fatukasi S. M. A Textbook of Machine Design (S. Ram Nagar. “Percentage oil yield and physiochemical properties of different groundnut species (Arachishypogaea)”. Osemeahon and U. Maina. U. pp.D.com 13 . Khurmi. E. Eurasia Publishing House (PVT.Anirudha Laxman Katkar / International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering Vol. Issue. International journal of science and technology 2014 Volume 3 No 3. S. ISSN 2347-6435 [17] R.) Ltd. “Design and Development of Manually Operated Roasted Groundnut Seeds Peeling Machine”. ISSN 1996-0794 [16] Ikechukwu Celestine Ugwuoke.International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology 2014. African journal of food science Volume 4(7) . Robert Temitope John. B.October 2015. Units).S. food and agriculture organization of the United Nations [19] B. (2005).harvest operations”. ISSN 2049 7318 [14] I. Ibukun Blessing Ikechukwu. J. [18] P. A. National Research Centre for Groundnut(ICAR) . New Delhi-110055. Volume 2. Modibbo.