DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERINGCurriculum and Syllabi R-2013 for B.E. Automobile Engineering SEMESTER - I COURSE CODE THEORY COURSE TITLE L T P C EN 101 Technical English I 3 1 0 4 MA 101 Engineering Mathematics I 3 1 0 4 PY 101 Engineering Physics 3 0 0 3 CH 101 Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals of Computing and Programming Engineering Drawing 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 2 0 3 4 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 CS 101 ME 101 PRACTICAL CS 102 EN 103 CH 103 Fundamentals of Computing and Programming Laboratory Communication Skills Laboratory Chemistry Laboratory Total Credits 27 SEMESTER - II COURSE CODE THEORY COURSE TITLE L T P C EN 102 Technical English II 3 1 0 4 MA 102 Engineering Mathematics II 3 1 0 4 PY 102 Material Science Environmental Science and Engineering Engineering Mechanics Basic of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 1 0 4 3 0 0 3 CH 102 ME 102 EE 101 PRACTICAL PY 103 ME 103 GE 102 COURSE CODE THEORY Physics Laboratory Computer Aided Drafting Laboratory Engineering Practices Laboratory Total Credits SEMESTER - III 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 27 L T P C 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 Engineering Thermodynamics 3 1 0 4 ME 202 Fluid Mechanics & Machinery 3 1 0 4 AU 201 Automotive Systems 3 0 0 3 AU 202 Automotive Electrical Systems 3 0 0 3 GE 201 Career Development Programme –I (Soft Skills) 2 0 1 2* 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 MA 201 ME 217 ME 201 COURSE TITLE 0 Transforms and Partial Differential Equations Strength of Materials PRACTICAL AU 203 ME 207 AU 204 Automotive Systems Laboratory Computer Aided Machine Drawing Laboratory Strength of Materials Laboratory 28+2 * Total Credits * Not Included in the Calculation of C.G.P.A SEMESTER - IV COURSE CODE THEORY MA 202 COURSE TITLE Statistics and Numerical L T P C 3 1 0 4 Methods AE 204 Mechanics of Machines 3 1 0 4 AU 205 Automotive Engines Engineering Metrology & Measurements Thermal Systems and Heat Transfer Automotive Materials and Production Techniques Career Development Programme – II (Soft Skills) 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 2 0 2 2* 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 ME 210 AU 206 AU 207 GE 202 PRACTICAL AU 208 AU 209 AU 210 Thermal Systems and Heat Transfer Laboratory Manufacturing Technology Laboratory a)Fluid Mechanics Laboratory b)Dynamics laboratory 26+2 * Total Credits SEMESTER - V COURSE CODE THEORY L T P C Design of Machine Elements Vehicle Design and Body Engineering Two and Three Wheeler Technology 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 3 0 0 3 AU 303 Automotive Emission Control 3 0 0 3 AU 304 Mechatronics Electronics and Micro Processor Career Development Programme – III 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 1 0 2 2* 0 0 3 2 ME 301 AU 301 AU 302 EC 347 GE 301 COURSE TITLE PRACTICAL AU 305 Vehicle Design Data Characteristics Laboratory AU 306 Engine Testing and Emission Measurement Laboratory 0 0 3 2 AU 307 Mechatronics Laboratory 0 0 3 2 26+2 * Total Credits SEMESTER .VII COURSE CODE THEORY COURSE TITLE L T P C ME 401 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3 AU 401 AU 402 Vehicle Dynamics 3 1 0 4 Vehicle Maintenance 3 0 0 3 .VI COURSE CODE THEORY BA 301 AU 308 AU 309 ME 310 AU 310 GE 302 COURSE TITLE L T P C Principles of Management Electronic Engine Management Systems Automotive Transmission 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 Operations Research Computer control of vehicle systems Elective – I Career Development Programme – IV 3 1 0 4 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 1 0 2 2* 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 PRACTICAL AU 311 AU 312 AU 313 Computer Aided Engine Design Laboratory Automotive Electrical and Electronics Laboratory Mini Project and Comprehension 25+2 * Total Credits SEMESTER . VIII COURSE CODE THEORY COURSE TITLE L T P C 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 Elective – V 3 0 0 3 Project Phase II 0 0 6 6 Automotive Safety and Infotronics Elective – IV AU 407 PRACTICAL AU 408 Total Credits 15 Summary of Credits Semest er I II III IV V VI VII VIII Total Credits 27 27 28 26 26 25 26 15 200 .Computer Simulation of IC Engine Processes Elective – II AU 403 Elective – III 3 0 0 3 3 1 0 4 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 PRACTICAL Vehicle Maintenance and ReConditioning Laboratory Computer Aided Chassis Design Laboratory AU 404 AU 405 AU 406 Project Work Phase I Total Credits 26 SEMESTER . List of Elective Subjects Elective .I COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C AU 314 Alternate Fuels and energy systems 3 0 0 3 AU 315 Automotive Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3 AU 316 Computer Integrated Manufacturing 3 0 0 3 AU 317 Design of Jigs and Fixtures 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 AU 318 AU 319 Advanced Materials for Automobiles Rubber Technology for Automobiles Elective.III COURSE CODE GE 401 GE 402 ME 404 ME 409 COURSE TITLE Professional Ethics and Human Values Fundamentals of Nano Technology Process Planning and Cost Estimation Entrepreneurship Development L T P C 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 .II COURSE CODE AU 409 AU 410 AU 411 ME 402 COURSE TITLE Combustion Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Advanced Theory of IC Engines Engine and Vehicle Management System Finite Element Analysis L T P C 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 Elective. ME 416 Advanced Welding Processes 3 0 0 3 ME 417 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3 ME 419 Non-Destructive Testing 3 0 0 3 Elective.IV COURSE CODE AU 412 AU 413 AU 414 AU 415 AU 416 COURSE TITLE Fleet Management Automotive Embedded Systems Automotive Vibration and Noise control Unconventional Engines and Hybrid Vehicles Product Development and Manufacturing L T P C 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 Elective.V COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C AU 417 Rapid Prototyping 3 0 0 3 AU 418 Fuels and Lubricants 3 0 0 3 AU 419 Special Vehicles 3 0 0 3 ME 426 Industrial Robotics 3 0 0 3 AU 420 Tractor and Farm Equipments 3 0 0 3 AU 421 Vehicle Air-Conditioning 3 0 0 3 . Theory of simple bending Stress variation along the length and in the beam section.Application to close-coiled helical springs . Strain energy in bending.Stepped shaft .Deformation of simple and compound bars under axial load .Deflection of helical coil springs under axial loads .SEMESTER III MA201 L P T Transforms and Partial Differential Equations C (Common to all II B. UNIT IV DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND BUCKLING OF COLUMNS 9+3 . strains and deformation in components due to external loads.Shear force and Bending Moment in beams .Stresses in beams .Strain energy in uniaxial loads. Stiffness and Stability . BENDING MOMENT AND THEORY OF BENDING 9+3 Types of beams: Supports and Loads . twisting bars or combinations of both.Elastic constants Strain energy and unit strain energy . Simply supported and Overhanging beams .Bars of Solid and hollow circular section . Mechanical. To assess stresses and deformations through mathematical models of beams. Effect of component dimensions and shape on stresses and deformations are to be understood.Twist and torsion stiffness .Fixed and simply supported shafts . Strain energy in Torsion. UNIT III TORSION AND SPRINGS 9+3 Analysis of torsion of circular bars .Cantilever.Shear stress distribution . Compressive and Shear .Maximum shear stress in spring section including Wahl Factor . Automobile & Production) 1 0 4 3 OBJECTIVES To gain knowledge of simple stresses.Stresses. UNIT II BEAMS – SHEAR FORCE. Tensile.E/ B.stresses in helical coil springs under torsion loads.Tech courses) 3 1 0 4 VIDE – Aeronautical Engineering ME217 Strength of Materials L T P C (Common to Aero. PRE REQUISITES Engineering Mathematics Engineering Mechanics UNIT I STRESS STRAIN DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS 9+3 Rigid and Deformable bodies – Strength.Design of helical coil springs .Compound shafts . “Solid Mechanics”. IV.. III. New Delhi.Deformation in thin cylindrical and spherical shells – Biaxial stresses at a point . (Unit I.1981. Third Edition. Explain the application of torsion.H. www.S.com 2. “Solid Mechanics”.K. (Unit I. Macmillan India Ltd”.Maximum shear stress.Mohr’s circle for biaxial stresses .Conjugate Beam Method . UNIT V ANALYSIS OF STRESSES IN TWO DIMENSIONS 9+3 Biaxial state of stresses . S.V) REFERENCES 1. IV. Prentice-Hall of India. New Delhi. . 2007.Stresses on inclined plane – Principal planes and stresses . deflection of beams and principal stresses. IV. Popov E. L:45 T:15 TOTAL :60 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1. 2002. II. Ray Hulse.K “Mechanics of Solids” Pearson Education. II. IV. Macaulay Method. (Unit I. III. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.technologystudent.Equivalent length of a column . II. “Engineering Mechanics of Solids”. (Unit I. Resolve the Shear Force and Bending moment diagram of all types. New Delhi. 2006.V) 2.Elastic curve of Neutral axis of the beam under normal loads . “Strength of Materials”. R. Palgrave ANE Books. R. Kazimi S. III. III.Rajput.Euler equation Slenderness ratio .1997. S.com COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of the course students should be able to Examine and apply the various material properties and its stresses for different applications.P.Khurmi. (Unit I. (Unit I. II.V) 5. III.M. Singh D.V) 4. “Strength of Materials.2004.Chand and Company Ltd..II. www.Chand and Company Ltd. III) 3.V) 2. “Strength of Materials”. II.Columns . New Delhi. 2002(Unit I.nptel.Thin cylindrical and spherical shells .End conditions .A.Rankine formula for columns. Ryder G. Keith Sherwin & Jack Cain. II. Moment-area Method .V) WEB RESOURCES 1.Evaluation of beam deflection and slope: Double integration method. Displacement work and other modes of work-P-V diagram-Zeroth law of thermodynamics – concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium– relationship between temperature scales –new temperature scales-First law of thermodynamics –application to closed and open systems – steady flow processes. UNIT II 9+3 PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE . Mollier Chart. basic thermodynamic relations. To provide in-depth study of thermodynamic relations.concept of continuum-comparison of microscopic and macroscopic approach-Path and point functions-Intensive and extensivetotal and specific quantities-System and their types-Thermodynamic Equilibrium State-path and process-Quasi-static-reversible and irreversible processes. (Use of Standard and approved Steam Table. To enlighten the basic concepts of Gas and Steam power cycles. Compressibility Chart and Psychrometric Chart permitted) PREREQUISTIES Engineering Physics Engineering Mathematics UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW 9+3 Basic concepts .sign convention. thermodynamics of state.ME201 T P C ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS L (Common to Automobile Mechanical & Mechatronics.Heat and work transfer.definition and comparison.) 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVES To familiarize the students to understand the fundamentals of thermodynamics and to perform thermal analysis on their behavior and performance. “Engineering Thermodynamics”. 2012.entropy change for pure substance. (Unit I. Economiser.IV.V) 2.ideal gases . 7th Edition.Performance-Clausiusequality inequality.P.III. New Delhi.Applications of II Law.Application of I law for pure substances.Formation of steam and its thermodynamic properties-P-V. h-s diagrams. (Unit I.Boles.V) 2. "Engineering Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications".II.preheater.Actual and theoretical PV diagram of four stroke and two stroke engines . 2010. McGraw-Hill. 2008. T-V. Y and M.air standard efficiency . (Qualitative treatment only) UNIT V IDEAL AND REAL GASES.Concept of entropy-T-s diagram-Tds Equations. THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS 9+3 Properties of Ideal gas.. UNIT III SECOND LAW 9+3 Second law of thermodynamics-Statements of second law and its corollariesCarnot cycle.Diesel-Dual-Braytoncycles. IV.Co-generation Introduction-Binary and Combined cycles. Cengel.K.Ideal and actual Rankine cycles. 1995. 3rd Edition. P-V-T surface . Tata McGraw-Hill..P. Holman. Natarajan E.Reversed Carnot cycle. "Thermodynamics".V) REFERENCES 1.III. (Unit I.IV. Anuragam Publications.Calculation of mean effective pressure.. Tata McGraw Hill.III. 4thEdition. L:45 T:15 TOTAL :60 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1.An Engineering Approach".II. (Unit I.Use of Steam Table and MollierChart-Determination of dryness fraction .different processes. P-T. UNIT IV GAS POWER AND STEAM POWER CYCLES 9+3 Otto.principle of increase in entropy. Nag.Maxwell relations-Tds Equations-Difference and ratio of heat capacities-Energy equation-Joule-Thomson Coefficient-Clausius-Clapeyron equation-Phase Change Processes-Simple Calculations. T-s.Equations of state for ideal and real gases-Reduced properties-Compressibility factor-Principle of Corresponding states -Generalized Compressibility Chart and its use.Cycle Improvement Methods-Reheat and Regenerative cycles. "Thermodynamics .II.Ideal and real gas comparison. III.J. II.IV) . animatedengines. Apply the principles of various gas and steam power cycles. "Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics". Prentice. Kau-Fui Vincent Wong. Rathakrishnan.III. E.IV) WEB RESOURCES www.II.IV) 4. 2003. thermodynamics relationsand to solve problems related to steam and ideal substance undergoing various processes.. "Thermodynamics for Engineers".ac. CRC Press. New Delhi.II.technologystudents. Tata McGraw-Hill. Ltd.com www.com COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of the course students should be able to Understand the laws of thermodynamics and their application to a wide range of systems.nptel. (Unit I.Hall of India Pvt. Arora C.IV) 5. 2nd Edition.II.P. Determine the equilibrium of states. . “Thermodynamics”. 2010 Indian Reprint.in www. 2006 (Unit I.3.(Unit I. momentum equation.Minor losses .Measurement of Pressure using ManometersFlow characteristics: concepts of system and control volume .Mach’s Number .Laminar flow through circular conduits and circular annuli .Properties of fluids – Mass density .Specific gravity specific weight – specific volume-viscosity-compressibility-vapour pressure– capillarity and surface tension .Friction factor and Moody diagram Commercial pipes . UNIT II DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND SIMILITUDE 9+3 Need for Dimensional Analysis .impinging of jets .Buckingham’s П theorem . PREREQUISITES Students must have the prerequisite knowledge on the following courses Engineering Mechanics Basic Physics and Chemistry UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS 9+3 Units & Dimensions .Euler’s Number Weber’s Number .Flow through pipes in series and in parallel .Aeronautical. To understand the importance of dimensional analysis and similitude.Boundary layer theory.Bernoulli’s Equation.energy equation .Dimensionless parameters . UNIT IV TURBINES 9+3 .Boundary layer thickness – flow over flat plate . To understand the importance of various types of flow in pumps and turbines.Hydraulic and energy gradient. Automobile) 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVES To analyze and appreciate the complexities involved in solving the fluid flow problems and learn to apply conservation of laws to flow through pipes.Pitot tube .Application of control volume to continuity equation .Reynold’s Number .Laws of Models and similitude – Reynold’s model law – Froude Model Law UNIT III FLOW OVER FLAT PLATE AND FLOW THROUGH CIRCULARCONDUITS 9+3 Boundary layer concepts .ME 202 C FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY L T P (Common to Mechanical.Froude’s Number .Darcy–Weisbach equation . Specific speed .work done by the impeller performance curves .work done by water on the runner – draft tube . T: 60 PERIODS .Centrifugal pumps– working principle .Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines .working principles .Reciprocating pump. UNIT V PUMPS 9+3 Impact of jets – Euler’s equation .unit quantities – performance curves for turbines – governing of turbines.Axial. L:45.Classification of turbines–heads and efficiencies – velocity triangles .Theory of roto-dynamic machines – various efficiencies– velocity components at entry and exit of the rotor. T:15. radial and mixed flow turbines-Pelton wheel .velocity triangles .working principle – Indicator Diagram – Rotary pumps –classification. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. III.ac. Streeter. Fluid Mechanics.V) REFERENCES 1.II. V.htm COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of the course student should be able to: Apply mathematical knowledge to predict the properties and characteristics of a fluid. III. New Delhi 2013.II..htm http://nptel. Hydraulics and Fluid Machines. Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd.V) 2.IV. New Delhi. 4th Edison (Unit I. Criticallyanalyze the performance of pumps and turbines.IV.II.III. E. Fluid Mechanics..V) 3.IV.in/courses/105101082/ http://nptel.. and Wylie. S. Ltd. and Seth. Ramamritham..III) 4. 2011. L.II. Yunus A. McGraw Hill. Understand the change of parameter of a fluid within the system and flow over flat plate and flow through circular conduit.IV.IV.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IITGuwati/fluid_mechanics/index. Kumar. Cimbala. John M.II.B. New Delhi.V) WEB RESOURCES http://nptel.ac.N. Bansal. Modi P. 2010.V) 2. 2010. Çengel. New Delhi.K. 10thedition(Unit I. Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd. 19 th Edison (Unit I. 2010. 9th Edison (Unit I.. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines.L. Standard Book House. K.TEXT BOOKS 1. "Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines".II.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IITKANPUR/machine/ui/TOC. . 9 th Edison(Unit I. III... III. 2006.ac. Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications. S. R.M. 8th Edison (Unit I. Dhanpat Publishing Company Pvt. Steering gearbox – Purpose. Power steering – Purpose. Body accessories. Types of chassis – Light. Hotchkiss Drive UNIT IV SUSPENSION SYSTEM 9 Desirable characteristics. Braking and Suspension Systems of Automobiles. To study about the constructional details and theory of important drive line. Types of suspension springs – Leaf springs. types of steering gearboxes. propeller shaft. Steering. PRE REQUISITES Basic Mechanical Engineering Automotive components UNIT I VEHICLE STRUCTURE 9 Brief history. medium and heavy duty vehicle chassis. gear shift mechanisms. fluid flywheel. gear boxes. Front wheel alignment and steering geometry. Over drive. transfer box. rear axle. slip joints. torsion bar springs. types of power steering. coil springs.Differential. centre point steering. layout of an automobile. Construction . reversible and irreversible steering. convertibles. integral body. torque converter. basic principle. Types of suspension systems – Rigid axle suspension and independent suspension systems. universal joints. Three Quarter Floating and Semi Floating Axles Multi axles vehicles. steering linkage layouts for rigid axle suspension and independent suspension systems. Types -Full Floating. Structural. coach built. Role and requirement of a chassis frame. ladder chassis. rubber . principle of steering. bumpers. air springs. Design features of a body – Types of bodies. introduction to automobile.manual and automatic. UNIT III TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 9 Clutch-types and construction.AU 201 AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS L T P 3 0 0 C 3 OBJECTIVES To understand the construction and working principle of various systems of an automobile. UNIT II STEERING SYSTEM 9 Desirable characteristics. Second Edition. New Delhi. Have clear understanding on different automobile systems. hydro elastic springs. New Delhi. . Seventh Edition. characteristics of good braking system.K. Jain K..K. New Delhi. 1997. 2. N. hydraulic brakes.in www. Giri.nptel. WEB RESOURCES www. Shock absorbers – Role of shock absorber – Types of shock absorbers. Types of brakes – Drum brakes. Types of brake actuating systems – Mechanical brakes.Ramalingam. East-West Press. and Asthana . construction and working of telescopic shock absorber.B.ac. 1999.com www. Wheels and Rims. servo brakes. 2013.springs. 2. power brakes. Vol 1 & 2. 2005. Khanna Publishers.animatedengines. Joseph Heitner. “Fundamentals of Automobile Engineering”. Linked suspension system. “Automobile Engineering”. UNIT V BRAKING SYSTEM 9 Need. Types of Tyres and their constructional details. “Automobile Engineering” Tata McGraw Hill Publishers. “Automotive Mechanics”. K. Standard Publishers. wheel locking and stopping distance. Chennai. Scitech Publications (India) Private Limited. disc brakes. REFERENCES 1. 3. Kirpal Singh.R.com COURSE OUTCOME At the end of this course the student will be able to Identify the different components in an automobile.K. 2002.googlebooks. TOTAL : 45 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1. principle of working of a braking system. “Automotive Mechanics”. Care & maintenance of starter motor. Principle & construction of starter motor. UNIT II STARTING SYSTEM 9 Condition of starting Behavior of starter during starting. Ignition System. Starter switches. relays. Series motor and its characteristics. rating. 42-volt systems troubleshooting. charging circuit controls – cut out. Components of DC and AC Charging System for Automobile. charging methods. charging System. capacity and efficiency of batteries. UNIT IV IGNITION SYSTEM 10 . UNIT III CHARGING SYSTEM 9 Function. voltage and current regulators. Various tests on battery condition. Working of different starter drive units. Starting System. Lighting System and Dash– Board Instruments. PRE REQUISITES Basic Electrical Engineering Automotive components UNIT I BATTERIES 8 Principle and construction of lead-acid battery. operating principle.AU 202 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS P L T 3 3 0 C 0 OBJECTIVE To impart knowledge to the students in the principles of operation and constructional details of various Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems like Batteries. characteristics. Details of modern storage batteries. construction. Characteristics of battery. London. McGraw Hill Book Co. 5.P. construction & working of battery coil and magneto ignition systems. REFERENCES 1.W. John Wiley & Sons Inc.F. Relative merits. Electrical Ignition Equipment. Automotive Electrical Equipment.W. Tata McGraw-Hill Co. 1985.googlebooks. Vinal. fifth edition. Automotive Hand Book. Speedometer. centrifugal and vacuum advance mechanisms.Types.London.. Spreadbury. 3. Head light dazzling & preventive methods. 1975. Horn. Ltd. TOTAL 45 PERIODS TEXT BOOK 1.side light and Braking circuits. Robert Bosch.in COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course the student will be able to Analyze the structure and function of electrical systems in automobiles.G.. Young. wiring system. Details of head light .A. Control Strategy of Electronic Ignition System. Modern Electrical Equipment of Automobiles.ac. Bently Publishers.H. Digital ignition system. 4. Examine maintenance issues and charging systems arising in automotive electrical system. New York. 1992. Electronic Ignition system.nptel. Automobile Electrical Equipment. . 1980. & Griffiths. New York. Kholi. English Language Book Society & New Press. Electrical fuel-pump. Types and construction of spark plugs...1962. Judge.G. Ltd.L. New Delhi.. Storage Batteries. 2003.P.. oil & temperature gauges. Positive & negative earth systems. Fuel. Chapman & Hall. UNIT V LIGHTING SYSTEM & ACCESSORIES 9 Insulated & earth return systems.A... Wiper system. WEB REFERENCES www. 2.W. Constable & Co. Trafficator.com www. Inc. Automobile Electrical Equipment.L. Compare computerized and solid state controls uses in automobiles. 2.. Crouse. 1990.. GE201 L T P CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME I – SOFT SKILLS C (Common to all branches) 2 0 1 2 VIDE – Aeronautical Engineering AU 203 AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS LABORATORY L T P C 0 0 3 2 OBJECTIVE To familiarize and train the students on the constructional arrangements of different chassis system. assemble and dismantle of the different engine components. Heavy duty vehicle frame (Example – Leyland / Tata) . LIST OF EXPERIMENTS CHASSIS COMPONENTS Study and Measurement of the Following Chassis Frames 1. To Study. Assembling and Dismantling of Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine 13. Transfer case ENGINE COMPONENTS 11. ME 207 L T P COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING LABORATORY C (Common to Mechanical. Gear Box. Assembling and Dismantling of petrol and diesel engine fuel system 14. Front Axle-Rzeppa joint assembly 4.Air Braking System 9. Braking systems. Assembling and Dismantling of Multi-cylinder Petrol Engine 12. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. To make the students understand and interpret drawings of machine components so as to prepare assembly drawings either manually or using standard CAD packages. Dismantling and Assembling of 3. Light duty vehicle frame (Example – Ambassador / Maruthi / M&M Jeep) Study.Sliding mesh.2. Mechatronics. Differential Mechanism 10. COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course student will be able to Know the constructional features of chassis. Warm & Gear and Motorised power steering system 8. Dismantle and assemble the automobile engine components. Rear Axle 5. Recirculating ball. DRAWING STANDARDS . Automobile) 0 0 3 2 OBJECTIVES To gain practical experience in handling 2D drafting and 3D modeling software systems. Constant mesh & Synchromesh gear box 7. Assembling and Dismantling of two wheeler . To familiarize the students with Indian Standards on drawing practices and standard components. Clutch 2 types-Coil Spring & Diaphragm spring clutches 6.two stroke and four stroke engines. Steering systems-Rack & Pinion. keys etc.V. Non-return valves k. Machine Vice g. 3D GEOMETRIC MODELLING 2.. and Panchal. Universal Joint f.1 Introduction 3D Modeling software such as SOLIDEDGE/AUTOCAD/PRO-E 2. Lathe Tailstock e. screws. Flange Coupling b.M. riveted joints. Screw Jack d. Piston m.Code of practice for Engineering Drawing. nuts. such as Bolts & Nut. Plummer Block c. fasteners – Reference to hand book for the selection of standard components like bolts. “Machine Drawing”. 38th Edition. 2. etc… and made to draw their views and to draw assembly drawing 2. Crankshaft * Students may also be trained in manual drawing of any two of the above components TOTAL: 45 PERIODS COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of the course the students should be able to Develop 2D and 3D models using modeling software.2 Real Components Drawing: Simple components are given. Stuffing box h.N. Charotar Publishing House. Hacksaw frame.D. Brake shoe. BIS specifications – Welding symbols. 388001. Crosshead i. Familiarize with Indian Standards on drawing practices and standard components. .3 Creation of 3D assembly model of following machine elements using 3D Modelling software a. Bhatt.2003. Apply the knowledge to read industry drawing REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Safety Valves j. Connecting rod l. keys. Laser Printer 01 3.solidcomponents.cadyou. WEB RESOURCES www. Manuals given by Software vendors.grabcad. Computer System 30 17” Graphics Terminal Pentium IV Processor 80 GB HDD 512 MB RAM Advanced graphics accelerator 2. Plotter (A2 size) 01 4.G. SOFTWARE: 36 seats of latest/recent versions of AutoCAD/CATIA/SOLIDWORKS/SOLIDEDGE/NX/PRO-E/COLLABCAD or equivalent software AU 204 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS LABORATORY L T P C 0 3 0 2 OBJECTIVE To expose the students to the testing of different materials under the action of various forces and determination of their characteristics experimentally.com www.com www.2.S. P.com EQUIPMENT NEEDED (FOR A BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS) 1.com www.3dcadbrowser. Design Data Book 3. . Torsion test on mild steel 5. SEMESTER IV MA202 L P T Statistics and Numerical Methods C (Common to Aero. Tension test on mild steel 2. Double shear test on metal 4. Impact test on metal specimen . Deflection test on carriage spring COURSE OUTCOME At the end of this course student will be able to Get required knowledge in the area of testing of materials and components of structural elements experimentally.IZOD 6. Impact test on metal specimen . Deflection test on metal beam 9. Compression test on wood 3.LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Automobile & Mechanical) 0 4 VIDE – Aeronautical Engineering 3 1 . Hardness test on metals (Rockwell and Brinell Hardness Tests) 8.Charpy 7. Compression test on helical spring 10. UNIT II FORCE ANALYSIS 9+3 Applied and Constrained Forces – Free body diagrams – static Equilibrium conditions – Two. UNIT IV FRICTION 9+3 Sliding and Rolling Friction angle – friction in threads – Friction Drives – Friction clutches – Belt and rope drives – brakes – Tractive resistance. Automobile and Mechatronics) 3 1 0 4 OBJECTIVES To learn and analyze different mechanisms involved in the machines To analyze and handle the friction in the machines To learn the importance and methods of balancing the machine components. Three and four members – Static Force analysis in simple machine members – Dynamic Force Analysis – Inertia Forces and Inertia Torque – D-Alembert’s principle – superposition principle – dynamic Force Analysis in simple machine members.layout of plate cam profiles– derivatives of followers motion – circular arc and tangent cams. UNIT III GEARS AND GEAR TRAINS 9+3 Spur gear – law of toothed gearing – Involute gearing – Interchangeable gears – Gear tooth action interference and undercutting – nonstandard teeth – gear trains – parallel axis gears trains – epicyclical gear trains – automotive transmission gear trains.AE205 MECHANICS OF MACHINES L T P C (Common to Aeronautical. PREREQUISTIES Engineering Mechanics Engineering Drawing Engineering Mathematics UNIT I KINEMATICS OF MECHANICS 9+3 Mechanisms – Terminology and definitions – kinematics inversions of 4 bar and slide crank chain – kinematics analysis in simple mechanisms – velocity and acceleration polygons – Analytical methods– computer approach – Cams – classifications – displacement diagrams . . 3.4&5) 3.S and Dukkipati. 2006.youtube.2. 2009. 2005. (Units: 1.. Second Edition. Porter. R.UNIT V BALANCING AND VIBRATION 9+3 Basics of free.P.4&5) 2. New Delhi.S. “Theory of Machines and Mechanisms”. (Units: 1.3.2.4&5) 2. Rattan. Ballaney. Rao.K.2. (Units: 1. 2005. “Theory of Machines”. Thomas Bevan.Gupta. analyse the contribution of friction in the machines. A.3. 2006. “The Theory of Machines” 3rd Edition.L. Static and Dynamic balancing – Balancing of revolving and reciprocating masses – Balancing machines – Governors: Introduction – Types – Watt. CBS Publisher. 2008.K.pdf https://www.3. New Age International (P) Ltd.V.Chand and company Pvt Ltd. Reprint.com/watch?v=fEdz91oWrts OUTCOMES At the end of the course student will be able to describe different mechanisms and Linkages. do the vibration analysis of various components. 14th Edition. Theory of Machines .2.bayamon.edu/elay/mecn4110/Kinematics %20Fundamentals. 3rd Edition. (P) Ltd. (Units: 1.S. (Units: 1. and Mallick.S. Tata Mcgraw Hill Education Private Limited. J. “Theory of Machines”.Khurmi & J. Proell Governors.2. 3rd Edition. damped and forced vibrations. . Khanna Book Publishing Co. describe the methods balancing the moving parts of the machines.4&5) WEB REFERENCES http://facultad.S. 3. A.3. R.4&5) REFERENCE BOOKS 1. TOTAL PERIODS ( L:45 + T:15): 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. “Mechanism and Machine Theory”.inter. Gosh. East West Press. firing order. Diesel fuel injection systems-Jerk pumps. Unit injector and common rail injection systems. Otto. distributor pumps. PRE REQUISITES Thermodynamics UNIT I CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 9 Constructional details of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. Air fuel ratio and emissions. Working of a simple fixed venturi carburetor. Dependence of ignition timing on load and speed. Two stroke SI and CI engines – construction and working. Combustion chambers for SI and CI engines. Knock in SI and CI engines. To understand the basic principles of engines used for automobiles and different systems. UNIT III COMBUSTION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS 9 Introduction to combustion in SI and diesel engines and stages of combustion. Constant vacuum carburetor. Description of a simple diesel engine governor. Comparison of SI and CI engines and four stroke and two stroke engines. diesel and dual cycles. UNIT II FUEL SYSTEMS 9 Air fuel ratio requirements of SI engines. Working principles. Engine classification. pintle and multihole nozzles.AU 205 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES P 0 L T 3 0 C 3 OBJECTIVE To impart the knowledge on basic concepts on Automotive Engines and its various sub components along with its functions. Direct and . Requirements of lubrication systems. Gupta. 1970 3.K. "Fundamentals of Internal Combustion" Engines. combustion. Ramalingam K.googlebooks. Ganesan V. 2006 4. REFERENCES 1. Indicated thermal. Measurement of friction. UNIT V COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEMS 9 Need for cooling.animatedengines. Types-mist.. "Internal Combustion Engines". waster gate. types of cooling systems..com www.air and liquid cooling systems. Understand the concept. Engine testing standards.N. Ltd. Turbocharger controls including. squish and turbulence. Inter cooling. Heisler. Different methods of turbo charging. cooling and lubrication systems . Cylinder pressure measurement. Factors controlling combustion chamber design. Importance of Swirl. "Advanced Engine Technology" SAE Publication. construction and principle of operation of engine and various engine components. 1995 2. variable nozzle types. 2002 5.nptel. TURBOCHARGING AND ENGINE TESTING 9 Supercharging and Turbo charging. John B. variable geometry.indirect injection combustion chambers for CI engines. 2007 2. H.in www. PHI Learning Pvt. Properties of lubricants. Properties of coolants. Obert "Internal Combustion Engines" 3 Edition. “Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines”. Engine performance maps. dry and wet sump systems. Mathur and Sharma "Fundamental Combustion Engines" Dhanpat Rai and Sons. Heywood.ac.com COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course student will be able to. UNIT IV SUPER CHARGING . “Internal Combustion Engine”. Sci-Tech Publications. pressure feed. Tata McGraw Hill. reprint. TOTAL: 45 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1. 1988 WEB REFERENCES www. Edward F. 2005. Thermo syphon and forced circulation and pressurized cooling systems. brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Apply the knowledge on engine modifications and maintenance. Knowledge about the manufacturing process. PREREQUISTIES Must know the basic principles of measuring instruments. Design the fuel system and combustion chamber for a particular application. ME210 L T P ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS C (Common to Mechanical. UNIT I BASICS OF METROLOGY 8 Introduction to Metrology–Need–Elements–Work piece-Instruments– . To provide knowledge on the Linear and Angular measurement and equipment’s. Automobile) 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES To provide knowledge on various Metrological equipment’s available to measure the dimension of the components. To impart knowledge on advances in metrology. angle gauges. UNIT II LINEAR AND ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS 10 Linear Measuring Instruments – Evolution – Types – Classification – Limit gauges – gauge design – terminology – procedure – concepts of interchange ability and selective assembly – Angular measuring instruments – Types – Bevel protractor. TOTAL: 45 PERIODS .clinometers. UNIT V MEASUREMENT OF POWER AND TEMPERATURE 8 Force-torque-power – mechanical – Pneumatic .sine bar – Angle alignment telescope – Autocollimator – Applications. UNIT IV ADVANCES IN METROLOGY 10 Basic concept of lasers Advantages of lasers – laser Interferometers – types – DC and AC Lasers interferometer – Applications – Straightness – Machine tool Alignment.Persons – Environment – their effect on Precision and Accuracy – Errors – Errors in Measurements – Types – Control – Types of standards.Hydraulic and Electrical typeFlow measurement -Speed measurement – Temperature.spirit levels. UNIT III FORM MEASUREMENT 9 Basic principles of geometrical features and symbols-Principles and Methods of straightness – Flatness measurement – Thread measurementgear measurement-surface finish measurement-Roundness measurement – Applications. Basic concept of CMM – Types of CMM – Constructional features – Probes – Accessories – Software – Applications – Basic concepts of Machine Vision System – Element – Applications.bimetallic stripthermocouples-Temperature sensors-electrical resistance thermometer – Reliability and Calibration – Readability and Reliability. 1979 (UNIT I.III) 3. J.II. 2006.E. 2005.(UNIT I.com www. Lienhard. Gupta. Marangoni. Pearson Education.nptel.II. 2010 (UNIT I. Manik. Holman. AU 206 THERMAL SYSTEMS AND HEAT L T P TRANSFER C 3 1 0 4 (Use of Standard and approved Steam Table.III. “Mechanical Measurements and Control Engineering” Metropolitan Book Company.II. Charles Reginald Shotbolt.V) 5. KumarD. 2005.V) 2. Dhanpatrai Publications.TEXT BOOKS 1.(UNIT I.K. Jain R. “Engineering Metrology”.P “Experimental Methods For Engineers” Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.IV.II.III. 5th edition. “Metrology for Engineers”. Doebelin O. Compressibility Chart and Psychometric Chart permitted) OBJECTIVES To familiarize the students to understand the fundamentals of thermal systems.(UNIT I. IV.IV) 4.N “Measurement System” Tata McGraw Hill.IV.III. EngageLearning EMEA.II. Backwith. III. Khanna Publishers. (UNIT I. Mollier Chart. I. S. “Engineering Metrology”.II.V) 2.IV.III.II.III.com COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course student should be able to demonstrate different measurement technologies select and use the measuring device based on Industrial Components apply the principle of various advanced measuring instruments.scribd.V) WEB REFERENCES www. To apply the thermodynamic concepts into various thermal application like Compressors and Refrigeration and Air conditioning systems PRE REQUISITES Engineering Thermodynamics Chemistry . D.V) REFERENCES 1. “Mechanical Measurements”.IV. 2011 (UNIT I.1990.C.. Kirchoff Law – Black Body Radiation –Grey body radiation Shape Factor Algebra – Electrical Analogy – Radiation Shields –Introduction to Gas Radiation.C. Automotive air conditioners – Lay out and components. Laws of Radiation – Stefan Boltzmann Law. Efficiency and MEP calculations – comparison of the cycles for same compression ratio and heat addition.Air Conditioning Systems with Controls: Temperature. Conduction with Internal Heat Generation – Extended Surfaces. “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”.UNIT I GAS POWER CYCLES 10 Air standard cycles-Otto-Diesel-Dual-Work output. Internal Flow – Laminar and Turbulent Flow – Flow over Bank of tubes – Free Convection – Flow over Vertical Plate. Rajput. UNIT IV CONVECTION 8 Basic Concepts – Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients – Types of Convection – Forced Convection –External Flow – Flow over Plates and Cylinders.P. 2010 REFERENCES 1. TOTAL: 60 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1. R. UNIT III CONDUCTION 10 Basic Concepts – Mechanism of Heat Transfer – Conduction. New Delhi.. Kothandaraman. New Age International. same peak pressure. isothermal efficiency. free air delivery. Brayton cycle UNIT II RECIPROCATING AIRCOMPRESSORS & AIR CONDITIONING 10 Single acting and double acting air compressors. Convection and Radiation – General Differential equation of Heat Conduction – Fourier Law of Conduction – Cartesian – One Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction – Conduction through Plane Wall and Cylinders. same compression ratio and heat rejection. K. Cengel. Tata McGraw Hill. volumetric efficiency. “Thermal Engineering” S. same peak pressure and work output. Chand Publishers. Fundamentals of air conditioning – psychrometry. 1998 . peak temperature and heat rejection. 2000 2. work required. Pressure and Humidity sensors. UNIT V RADIATION 7 Basic Concepts. Actuators & Safety controls. Yunus A. effect of clearance volume. same peak pressure and heat input. "Heat Transfer A Practical Approach". "Heat Transfer". Cylinder head.. AU 207 AUTOMOTIVE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES L T P 3 0 0 OBJECTIVE To understand the fundamentals of materials and its mechanical behavior.K. engine valve. W. Tata McGraw Hill. Application C 3 . "Air conditioning engineering". Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. body panel . Holman.2. J. Jones W. crank case. spring. McGraw Hill. piston ring. Composite materials .. 3. and Jones J. 2000 5.Definition – Need – General Characteristics.. clutch plate. piston. 2002 4. To introduce the concepts of manufacturing processes. Tata McGraw Hill. brake lining etc. P. New Delhi. PRE REQUISITES Strength of materials Engineering Chemistry UNIT I BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS 9 Elasticity-forms . Stoecker. Gudgeon pin. Nag. chassis. connecting rod. gear wheel. cam. "Heat and Mass Transfer". cylinder block. iron carbon diagram. 1986. crank shaft. metal casting and surface treatment. bearings.P. UNIT II SELECTION OF MATERIALS 9 Criteria of selecting materials for automotive components viz. axle.Stress and strain relationship in engineering materials – Deformation mechanism .radiator. 2001 COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course student will be able to Demonstrate the operations of different air compressors and air conditioning systems.P. "Refrigeration and Air Conditioning". Have a clear idea of application of thermodynamics and heat transfer.F. alloying. W. The student would be able to identify the applications of these techniques in their engineering fields..Strengthening material . New Delhi. cam shaft.Strain hardening. 5th edition. . Dhanapal Rai & Sons. hot dipping.O. 6.P. Induction. coating of wear and corrosion resistance.Annealing . “Pressure Die Casting”. 5. 1990. “Introduction to Physical Metallurgy" McGraw-Hill.. ceramic and polymers in automobile. REFERENCES 1. Phosphating.E. Kapoor. UNIT V HEAT TREATMENT AND SURFACE TREATMENT 10 Heat treatment of steel . piston rings. permanent mould casting of piston. London. 2. New York. Pergamon Press.E. “Introduction to physical metallurgy”. 2. “Mechanical Metallurgy”.. MaGraw Hill.valves – front and rear axle housings – fly wheel – Honing of cylinder bores – Copy turning and profile grinding machines – Materials and properties. Oxford Publishing Co. 7. .M. McGraw Hill. New York.S.Types. UNIT III CASTING FOR AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE COMPONENTS 8 Sand casting of cylinder block and liners – Centrifugal casting of flywheel.of non-metallic materials such as composite.. Principle and Practice”. hard facing and thin film coatings. 1982. 1985. New York. hardening and tempering with specific relevance to automotive components.V. surface hardening techniques. " Material Science and Metallurgy ". Haslehurst.P. “Manufacturing Technology”. High Speed Combustion Engines. Heldt.G. ELBS. 1995.. Upton.. Anodizing.. Avner S.1990. " Material Science and Processes ". Types. thermal spraying. Dieter. pressure die casting of carburetor and other small auto parts.S. 4. Electroplating. 1987. Prentice Hall. UNIT IV MACHINING OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE COMPONENTS 9 Machining of connecting rods – crank shafts – cam shafts – pistons – piston pins –piston rings. 1972. flame and chemical hardening. New India Publishing House. Raghavan.bearing bushes. Khanna. and liners. 1982. New York. “Physical Metallurgy. 1992.H". normalizing.H. TOTAL: 45 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS 1. Avner. 3.. Retardation Test on a Diesel Engine. To study the heat transfer phenomena predict the relevant coefficient using implementation LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Manufacture the different automobile components.COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course student will be able to Select the materials for the different automotive applications. COURSE OUTCOME At the end of this course the student will be able to . GE202 SKILLS L 2 0 AU 208 CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME II – SOFT T P C (Common to all branches) 1 2 VIDE – Aeronautical Engineering THERMAL SYSTEMS AND HEAT TRANSFER L T P LABORATORY C 0 0 3 2 OBJECTIVE To expose the students to the testing of different materials under the action of various forces and determination of their characteristics experimentally. Determination of heat transfer coefficient under forced and free convection. 9. 2. Determination of Flash Point and Fire Point of various fuels / lubricants. Performance test on a reciprocating air compressor. Valve Timing and Port Timing diagrams. Morse Test on Multi-cylinder Petrol Engine. Determination of Stefan – Boltzmann constant. 5. Heat transfer from pin-fin apparatus (natural & forced convection modes) 10. 7. 3. 6. Performance Test and heat balance test on 4 – stroke Diesel Engine. 8. To study the valve timing-V diagram and performance of IC Engines. Thermal conductivity measurement using guarded plate apparatus. 4. Knowledge about the valve timing-V diagram and performance of IC Engines. AU 209 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY L P T C 0 2 0 3 OBJECTIVES Demonstration and study of the various machines. The Main emphasis will be on a complete understanding of the machine capabilities and processes. Knowledge about the heat transfer phenomena predict the relevant coefficient using implementation Demonstrate the fundamentals of heat and predict the coefficient used in that transfer application. . Taper turning and Knurling. Prepare the component using the following operations. the students can able to have hands on experience in flow measurements using different devices and also . Turning. FOUNDRY 7. Single piece pattern b.Facing. Pattern with core box COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course the student will be able to Use different machine tools to manufacturing gears. Use different machine tools for finishing the components. Split pattern c. Understand the foundry technology. Prepare the component using Planer or Shaper a. Key way cutting b. AU 210 FLUID MECHANICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY L T 0 P 0 C 3 2 OBJECTIVE Upon Completion of this subject. Prepare the component using the Gear Cutting operations PLANNING / SHAPING 6. Prepare the mould using the following patterns: a. Turning and Thread cutting (Single start only) DRILLING PRACTICE 3. Prepare the component using the following operations. Step turning. Prepare the component using the following operations. Pattern with self core d. MILLING 4. Dove tail machining. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS LATHE PRACTICE 1.Drilling. Tapping and Reaming. Prepare the component using the Surface Milling operations 5. Prepare the different types of mould.Facing. 2. and Hartnell Governors. Understand how certain measuring devices are used for dynamic testing. 2. 6. Performance studies of Gear pump. Proell. a) Balancing of rotating masses b) Balancing of reciprocating masses. b) Dynamics laboratory 1. .. 5. Study of gyroscopic effect and couple. 5. Determination of friction factor for a given set of pipes. 2. COURSE OUTCOMES At the end of this course the student will be able to Getting Knowledge about flow measurements using different devices and also perform calculation related to losses in pipes Know about the perform characteristic of pumps. Porter. Motion curves and study of jump phenomenon 4.Determination of range sensitivity. Determination of the Coefficient of discharge of given Venturi meter. To supplement the principles learnt in kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery. Whirling of shafts – Determination of critical speeds of shafts with concentrated loads. Cams – Cam profile drawing. effort etc. Governor . 3. 3. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS a) Fluid Mechanics Laboratory 1. 6. Performance studies of centrifugal pump/ submergible pump 4.perform calculation related to losses in pipes and also perform characteristic study of pumps. Vibration of Equivalent Spring mass system – undamped and damped vibration. Determination of the Coefficient of discharge of given Orifice meter. Performance studies of reciprocating pump. To understand how certain measuring devices are used for dynamic testing. for Watts.
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