High Temperature ConductorsSterlite Technologies Limited Disclaimer Certain words and statements in this communication concerning Sterlite Technologies Limited and its prospects, and other statements relating to Sterlite Technologies’ expected financial position, business strategy, the future development of Sterlite Technologies’ operations and the general economy in India & global markets, are forward looking statements. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results, performance or achievements of Sterlite Technologies Limited, or industry results, to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Sterlite Technologies’ present and future business strategies and the environment in which Sterlite Technologies Limited will operate in the future. The important factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, among others, changes in government policies or regulations of India and, in particular, changes relating to the administration of Sterlite Technologies’ industry, and changes in general economic, business and credit conditions in India. Additional factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, many of which are not in Sterlite Technologies’ control, include, but are not limited to, those risk factors discussed in Sterlite Technologies’ various filings with the National Stock Exchange, India and the Bombay Stock Exchange, India. These filings are available at www.nseindia.com and www.bseindia.com A growing need for efficient power transmission networks …. With increased private participation in power generation, transmission & distribution in India, alongside that of legacy incumbents, there is a robust demand for bare overhead power conductors. The evident challenge is: (a) To transmit more power over existing lines and (b) Development of more efficient power conductors for new lines. Building of efficient power transmission systems is a national priority. 3 Innovative solutions for efficient power transmission systems 4 . but…. Usage of High Temperature – Low Sag (HTLS) Conductors • Provision for future contingencies . • Time involved in constructing new Power lines. • Difficulty in acquiring Tower sites – Right of way ..Increasing demand for Electrical Power Generation & Transmission. • Very high cost to install new Power lines. Capacity Enhancement: Transmission Line Higher Voltage Trans. System Capacity Enhancement Bundle Conductor Size Up Conductor Advanced Material AL59 TACSR ACSS STACIR . Hence. Shift From ACSR to HTLS High current carrying capacity Ampacity Low Sag-Tension Property Conductor Cost Low Line loss Economics HTLS Conductors Sag-Tension Easy & rapid installation Long – Term reliability Reliability Installation . High Ampacity Conductors Low Resistance Conductors AL59 Alloy Conductors 1120 Alloy Conductors EHC Alloy Dull Surface Finish Dull Conductor Colored Conductors High Temperature (HTLS) Conductors ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported) TACSR (Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Re-inforced) STACIR (Super thermal Aluminium Conductor Invar Reinforced) ACCC (Aluminium Conductor Composite Core) ACCR (Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced) . Superior performance. A range of specialty alloys offer superior thermal resistance that improves the efficiency in high current transmission.Specialty materials. 9 . Bangalore.AL59 Conductor 26% to 31% more current carrying capacity as that of ACSR of the same size. . Higher corrosion resistance than 6201 alloy series (AAAC). while maximum sag remains the same & working tension is lesser than that of ACSR. Resistivity is substantially lesser than that of ACSR/AAAC conductors. resulting in lower I2R losses. * Source: CPRI Report on AL59 Conductor vide Study on AL59 Conductor at CPRI Laboratory. Higher Current Carrying Capacity – AL59 1600 1400 Amperes 1200 ACSR Alloy AL-59 Alloy1120 EHC 1000 800 600 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Degrees C AL-59 provides Higher Ampacity . The conductor comprises of an inner core of Galfan (Zn 5% Al Mischmetal) coated steel wire and concentrically arranged annealed Aluminium strands forming the outer layers of the conductor APPLICATION: ACSS Conductors are used for both up gradation and for new power transmission and distribution lines. .ACSS – Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported CONSTRUCTION: ACSS Aluminium wires are manufactured from Annealed Aluminium 1350 wires. bobbins in stranding machine are to be kept with minimum tension. Sterlite adopted a new annealing process which enables to run the machine at same tension. the complete conductor Aluminium elongates and transfers all the load to steel core Lower compressive forces between annealed Aluminium and Steel Core enables higher self damping capacity because of this increased elongation in annealed Aluminium Tensile Strength in (Mpa) Conductivity %IACS • % Elongation Conductor Ampacity 1. .2 to 2 ACSR 1X 25 to 30 ACSS 2X Generally for ACSS Conductor mfg. resulting into inelastic elongation in Aluminium wire when tension is applied on a composite conductor.Annealed Aluminium 1350 wire Fully annealed Aluminium is having lower yield strength. • Annealed Aluminium wire can operate continuously up to 2500C without any loss in strength Properties HAL (Hard drawn 1350 Al) 160 61 Annealed Aluminium 1350 60 63 • When stressed. Mischmetal Steel Wire The Mishmetal Coating on the steel core can withstand for continuous operating temperature upto 2500C • Mechanical and physical properties of Mishmetal steel wire are similar to that of the galvanized steel wires Properties Tensile Strength in (Mpa) % Elongation Continuous temperature at which coating withstands (Deg C) Conductor Galvanized Steel 1410 4 150 Galfan Steel 1410 4 250 • Corrosion resistance of Mishmetal steel wires are better than that of galvanized steel wires ASTM B 802 and B 803 were developed in 1989 defining requirement of the core wire using this different coating • ACSR ACSS . APPLICATION: TACSR conductors are used to enhance the capacity of the existing transmission line by simply replacing the existing conductor without any modifications to the tower. .TACSR– Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced CONSTRUCTION: Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy Conductor. Also used for new lines where power transfer requirement is very high. Steel Reinforced (TACSR) conductors wherein the inner core is composed of galvanized steel and the outer layers are composed of thermal-resistant aluminum-alloy. The conductor comprises of an inner core of Aluminium clad Invar (36%Ni in steel) and concentrically arranged STAL strands forming the outer layers of the conductor APPLICATION: STACIR/AW conductors is preferred for re-conductoring applications. 16 . The capacity of the existing transmission line can be enhanced by simply replacing the existing conductor without any modifications to the tower.STACIR – Super Thermal Alloy Conductor Invar Reinforced CONSTRUCTION: Super thermal alloy (STAL) are manufactured from Al-Zr (Aluminium Zirconium) alloy rods. Thermal Alloy (s) Super thermal alloy contains Zr which deposits over the grain boundary of Aluminium. thus increasing the recrystalisation temperature of Aluminium which enables STAL to operate at high temperature without any loss in strength. Properties HAL (Hard drawn 1350 Al) 160 61 TAL (Thermal Alloy Al-Zr) 160 60 STAL (Super Thermal Alloy Al-Zr) 160 60 Tensile Strength in (Mpa) Conductivity %IACS Continuous Operating Temperature Emergency Operating Temperature Conductor Ampacity 80 150 210 120 ACSR 1X 180 TACSR 1.5X 280 STACIR 2X . Properties Galvanized Steel Galvanized Steel (ST6 C) 1700 8 Aluminium Clad Invar 1184 14 Tensile Strength in (Mpa) Conductivity %IACS 1226 8 Linear Coefficient of Expansion Young's Modulus (Kg/mm2) Conductor Ampacity 11.5x10-6 11. TACSR can be designed with STC 6 core to maintain the sag equal to ACSR.Inner Core – TACSR & STACIR STACIR is designed with Aluminium clad invar having low thermal co-efficient of expansion at 2100C which enables it to maintain the SAG equal to equivalent ACSR.5X 15500 STACIR 2X . even while it operate at 1500C.5x10-6 3.7x10-6 21000 ACSR 1X 21000 TACSR 1. 53 mm 31.513 mm 7st/3.77 597 15549 1956 0.53 mm 31.53 mm + 7st/3.53 mm 7st/3.77 597 18043 2004 0.77 597 16184 2004 0.68 593 14576 1640 0.52 mm 31.53 mm 31.05595 876 Core type Stranding (Aluminum / Core) Diameter (mm) Cross section area (mm2) Minimum breaking load as per ST6C Core (kgf) Weight (kg/km) DC resistance (Ohm/km) Current carrying capacity (Amperes) Maximum continuous operating temperature (0C) Al 59 Alloy wires 61Al/3.513 mm 31.53 mm 7Invar/3.62 591 14271 1983 0.05651 1650 STACIR (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Super Thermal Aluminium alloy Aluminium Clad Invar wire 54STAL/3.Technical Comparison: Particulars ACSR Moose AL59 (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Al 59 Alloy wires ACSS (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Annealed Aluminium Wires ST6 C/ST 1A Galvanized steel wire 54TAL/3.05409 2078 Aluminum type EC 1350 ST1 A Galvanized Steel 54Al/3.05477 1950 TACSR (ACSR Moose Equivalent) Heat Resistance Al Alloy ST6 C 54TAL/3.0501 1098 85 95 250 150 210 Use of High Ampacity conductors can result in saving in CAPEX . Technical Comparison: Current Carrying Capacity Particulars Current Carrying Capacity (Amperes) Current Carrying Capacity (Twin) Current Carrying Capacity (Quad) Same Current Construction Total Conductor Weight (Per Circuit) Savings in Weight (%) ACSR Moose 876 1752 3504 Quad 24048 - ACSS (ACSR Moose Equivalent) 1950 3900 7800 Twin 11898 50% . Manufacturing Capability .Sterlite 21 . Sterlite In-house Facility – HTLS Conductors Aluminium / STAL Rods Rolling Mill Precise High Speed Wire Drawing Machines Furnace for Aging / Annealing (ACSS) 61 Rigid Strander (with Auto Batch loading system) for Higher Transmission Sizes 05 – Rolling Mill 17 – Wire Drawing Machines 03 – Ageing Furnace 01 – Anealing Furnace 08 – 61 Rigid Strander 03 – 37 Strander 02– 19 Strander 08 – Skip Strander High Speed Skip 7 Strander for Distribution Sizes 19 Rigid Strander 37 Rigid Strander for Medium Transmission Sizes Special Features • State of the art Properzi Rolling Mill with computerized process control and hence precise and accurate product. • Auto Tension devices for each bobbin of the Rigid Stranders. • High Speed Stranding @ 40 to 50meter/min • Inbuilt Conductor automatic Greasing System • Special designed machine for making Dull Conductors •In-house facility/technology for making STAL alloy . Germany 5/20/2010 23 .75mm) Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly equal to E.C grade Super high conductivity and Super high strength compared to 6201 AAAC Aluminium clad steel instead of galvanized steel which increases the current carrying capacity of the conductor compared to ACSR Approved / Type tested at AAAC ASTER 570 (61/3.C grade SAG.Japan E.17) SAG.C AAAC Araucaria (61/4.45mm) EDF.H. Japan 1120 Sulfur Conductor (61/3.02) JPOWER.New Products Developed Product Special properties/ Usage High conductivity and high strength compared to 6201 AAAC Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly equal to E.71+7St/2.89) JPOWER.France Al 59 (61/4.Germany ACSR/AS Dove (26Al/3. New Products Developed. Continued. can operate up to 250 DegC Tag Corporation.. Product Special properties/ Usage For Uprating Lines. can operate up to 210 Deg C Approved / Type tested at STACIR Moose Kinertics Canada ACSS Curlew For Uprating and New Lines. can operate up to 250 DegC Tag Corporation.. Chennai TACSR For Uprating Lines. Chennai . Summary 25 . For new lines: • Enhanced current carrying capacity. • Reduction in overall operating expenditure • Higher corrosion resistance. • Cost effectiveness. • No modification / reinforcement to existing towers. CBIP 26 .Benefits in performance and costs For re-conductoring: • Enhanced current carrying capacity. • Reduction in overall capital expenditure. • Shorter project duration. TW. Gap Type Conductors 3rd Annual Conference on Power Transmission in India 27 .Sterlite’s offerings: Diverse range of applications NEW LINES AL59 1120 TACSR ACSS RECONDUCTORING AL59 1120 TACSR ACSS STACIR Other New Solutions: Dull. Thank You Connecting every home on the planet… . Workshop on Latest Technologies in Power Transmission Sector Organised By CBIP 20th May. 2010 . Fault Location Session Travelling Wave System (TWS) By Sudhanshu Gupta . What are we doing? Double ended accurate fault location system for interconnected transmission lines Permanent and Intermittent Faults X X X X X X >100KV TWS DSFL . Typical Application . Intermittent and transient faults were not taken too seriously but there is an increasing awareness over power quality and system stability issues that are driving a need to reduce the number of line trips. You need accurate fault location to find these faults . Eg damaged insulation. Caused by random events eg lightning. bush fires. vegetation • Transient faults – can be re-closed.Categories of Fault Faults can be divided into three types • Permanent faults – normally rare but need finding and fixing fast • Intermittent faults – can be re-closed but can occur again. The traditional methods of fault location have been based on impedance techniques now commonly incorporated in digital relays and fault recorders.The need for fault location It is generally accepted that accurate fault location on overhead lines is necessary at transmission voltages (>100KV) to: • Reduce downtime • Allow the implementation of preventive maintenance at known trouble spots to avoid further trips and voltage dips • Reduce costs and manpower requirements – no need for multiple line patrols or use of helicopters. . • Minimises extra costs involved in maintaining system security during the plant outage. They are now conveniently available in digital protection relays and fault recorders. Problems arise when: • The fault arc is unstable • The fault resistance is high and fed from both ends • Circuits run parallel for only part of the route Accuracy is dependent on: • PT and CT response • The assumption that the line is symmetrical • A lumped equivalent circuit used in the algorithms •Filtering of harmonics and DC offsets – more difficult with reduced data window caused by faster clearance times (5 cycles or less) •Line parameters .Problems with Impedance Impedance techniques have been used for the past 35 years. Phase to phase faults give best performance. Phase to earth faults with high fault resistance can result in large errors. Actual error increases with line length. On a 200Km line the error could be from 2Km to 40Km There is a need for a better system .Accuracy of Impedance Typically 1 to 20% of line length but it can be worse depending on fault type. Compensation required for mutual coupling on double circuit lines Compensation required for end source impedance. lines with tapped loads. lines with lengths of underground cable and teed circuits .Application of TWS (Traveling wave system) • Best on interconnected overhead lines • Uses a double ended technique to allow automatic calculation and display of fault position • Accuracy not affected by the factors that cause problems to impedance methods • Accuracy not affected by line length • Works for all types of faults including open circuit faults • Works on series compensated lines. v] / 2 V for air insulation = 300m/μs .Double Ended Method of TWS Fault Location T1A A The distance to fault is proportional to the difference in arrival time (T1A – T1B). the length of line (La+Lb) and the propagation velocity La A Fault Lb Traveling waves generated by the fault propagate along the line in both directions TWS devices installed at line ends trigger on the arrival of the wave and assign an accurate time tag B T1B La = [(La+Lb) + (T1A-T1B). How it works . one micro-second equals 300 m (975 feet) It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that 300 m (975 feet) equals the average span length on a transmission line. Measurements from both ends gives accuracy 150m . The result is repeatable fault location within 1 tower / span on all types of fault.TWS Accuracy Time stamp accurate to 1μs It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that at the speed of light. TWS Implementation . TWS Implementation Secondary clamp on sensors Install while energized No line outage required . TWS Implementation TWS Implementation Example of Distance to Fault Results from our PAD software Result from Malaysia Automatic DTF Calculation using Double Ended Type D Method via TWS Base Station 2000 software . TWS Fault Location to One Span . Minimize search time and reduce expensive downtime What is the actual cost of inaccuracy? .Works Even When Impedance Methods have Large Errors Send the repair teams to the right place. TWS accuracy in all types of weather Works in fog and at night when helicopters cannot Why risk multiple line patrols over dangerous terrain when you can go straight to the spot? . TWS One span accuracy locates damaged insulators Question: A structure experienced 4 self-clearing faults in 1 year. Is it in the best interest of your company and reliability to visually inspect that structure for damage that may eventually result Question: a non-clearing fault? in A structure experienced 4 self-clearing faults in 1 year. Is it in the best interest of your company and reliability to visually inspect that structure for damage that may Not possible to pinpoint damage with impedance methods eventually result in a non-clearing fault? due to inconsistency of results and variable errors . TWS Accurate enough to locate fault damage caused by bird streamers Assess damage and organise repairs . One span accuracy tracks down tree problems Go straight to cause of problem to take remedial action and avoid further trips . TWS accuracy pinpoints lightning faults • Compare lightning strike information from the IEEE Fault And Lightning Location System (FALLStm) against exact TWS fault location to: • Confirm lightning is fault cause:• The TWS trigger was caused by an actual lightning strike on the line • Confirm lightning is not the fault cause:• The TWS trigger was caused by induced lightning activity. but not a direct hit Vital information when deciding whether to reclose a line . Track faults from ground fires Compare GPS fire coordinates against exact TWS fault location to: Confirm ground fire is fault cause Confirm ground fire is not fault cause Vital information when deciding whether to reclose a line . Can the TWS be used as a single ended fault locator? NO except under special circumstances • The line being monitored is very short compared to the other lines connected to the busbar The transmission system is very simple minimising the number of reflections • Even with the above the operator must be skilled at interpreting TWS waveforms and be prepared that sometimes they will get a wrong answer! We only promote the TWS as a double ended system . Measurement of line length • The TWS is triggered by energising a dead line • The waveform is analysed and line length measured by identifying a reflection from the far open circuit end • A good method to check the length of the line including sags and changes in elevation • Known as a Type E test A precise line length checks improves TWS fault location accuracy and maximises the benefits . Type E Method for confirming line length END A Often used on a trial to show the system is working Far end must be open and isolated (mechanical break with a disconnector) x L1 L2 Closing the circuit breaker at End B to energise the dead line launches a wave that reflects from the far open circuit end x T2 END B Line Length = [T2 x v]/2 . Result from Nigeria Type E Test – Line re-energised from TWS1 end with far end of line open and isolated . not the current = TWS line module (voltage) = TWS line module (current) .TWS Deployment – General Rules • TWS must be located at a substation where more than one line is connected to the busbar if linear couplers are used. = TWS line module (current) TWS can be located at a line end but the voltage component of the wave must be monitored. TWS Deployment – General Rules Only allow a maximum of one tee connection between two TWSs One T only = TWS line module (current) Remember – a TWS system must have a good comms infrastructure for practical double ended operation . batteries Secondary wiring Wiring for Indications X X X Relays X Relays X Relays X . comms.Two types of substations Centralised Relay Room Good for TWS – LC connection <25m All relay panels in one room adjacent to each other Distributed Relay Rooms Good for DSFL Central services – control. Calculation of DTF Communications to TWS PAD – automatically polls DSFL devices.Results Analysis – 3 x Software Sets NFE – configures TWS network Saves files to TWSBase2000 TWS Base2000 – manual connection to TWS devices. save. Download. display and analyse index files and waveforms. calculates and displays DTF results. Logs comms errors and GPS lock issues TWS . PAD software . • Option to terminate polling and get results from a single circuit on demand after a line trip in 4 clicks • The health status of the fleet of TWS can be seen at a glance Results available where and when they are needed without the intervention of skilled operators . Automatic Listing of Exact Fault Position • Results displayed shortly after a line trip – no operator intervention required • No need to wait for a protection engineer to analyze the data • Results emailed to maintenance departments to get repair crews moving faster.Fast. Simplified display of Distance to Fault Results Results automatically displayed shortly after a line trip providing vital information for the decision to reclose Structure ID can be imported and displayed . Provides details of the integrity of the GPS time synchronization to warn of intermittent or more serious problems .Simplified Display of System Alarms Allows communication problems to be quickly identified so they can be rectified. ethernet or modem. and contact details easily set for each device • Link to TWS Base Station software to immediately start using new configuration Simple. fast method of setting up or editing a TWS network without the need for specialist knowledge .Network File Editor – a tool to configure a TWS fault location system • A graphical user interface (GUI) to configure a fleet of TWS devices • Can create a new network of devices or edit an existing one • Can define circuits of a given line length by mapping a TWS line module at one line end with another at the opposite line end • Circuits can be two or three ended (that is containing one ‘tee’) • Communication mode. America (Brazil. Namibia. Mexico. HK. Spain) 70 units in Australia & New Zealand 55 units in S. Africa. Argentina) 30 units in Scandinavia & Baltic countries.TWS Installed Base Approximately 1000 units have been sold to date to 70 Utilities in 30 Countries. Nigeria) 100 units in the UK 115 units in the Far East (Malaysia. • • • • • • • • 237 units in USA & Canada (23 Companies) 180 units in Africa (S. Vietnam) 100 units in Western Europe (France. Indonesia. . line trips have bigger impact . gales Poor maintenance record – more faults Heavily loaded lines .Users by Type • • • • • • • Transmission greater than 100KV Interconnected substations Long lines greater than 100Km Difficult terrain with access problems Prone to bad weather – lightning. rain. New Generation Conductors . Transmission of Electric Energy Short History & Development of Bare High Voltage Overhead Lines (Bare OHC) . Important Conditions for Bare OHC Ampacity SAG Tension on the towers Tension in the conductor Temperature of the conductor Boundary conditions . History Bare OHC Since beginning all conductors were made of Copper or Copper Alloys Reasons: Good Conductivity Availability . 5 23 3.9 2.8 2.7 .1 Conductivity % IACS 100 61 9 52 14-23 Tensile Strength MPa 450 165 1600 325 1310 – 1170 CTE X 10 -6 / Co 17 23 11.7 7.7 7.Materials of Bare OHC Material Density g/cm3 Copper Aluminium Steel Alloy Invar 8. . Has in absolute value less reserve in strength to overcome wind and ice loading.AAC – All Aluminium Conductors Advantages: Better Conductivity per unit of weight strung. (Less tension on towers) Disadvantages: Loses 60% of its strength when overloaded. Typical Application Commonly used for both transmission and distribution circuits. ACSR replacement. ACSR replacement.Continuous improvement in Bare OHC ACSR Good Conductivity – 53.0 % IACS* Moderate Corrosion Resistance AAAC 6201 AL-59 TACSR Moderate Better Conductivity – Moderate Conductivity Conductivity – 52. Good Strength to Weight Ratio Moderate Strength Better Strength to Weight Ratio Tensile Better Tensile Strength Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in noncorrosive environments. ACSR replacement.5% 59% IACS* – 52 % IACS* IACS* Better Corrosion Better Resistance Resistance Corrosion Moderate Resistance Corrosion Better Strength to Better Strength to Weight Ratio Weight Ratio Better Strength Tensile Good Tensile Strength Typical Application Transmission and Distribution applications in corrosive environments. * International Annealed Copper Standard for conductivity . Typical Application Transmission and Distribution High Ampacity applications in corrosive environments. An Overview of Bare Overhead Transmission Conductors . Alloy Reinforced ACSS – All Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported .Categories of Overhead Conductors Homogeneous Conductors AAC – All Aluminum Conductor AAAC – All Aluminum Alloy conductor Non . Invar Reinforced AACSR – All Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced ACAR – All Aluminum Conductor Al. Clad Steel Reinforced TACSR – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced TACSR/AW – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl.Homogeneous Conductors ACSR ACSR/AW – All Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced – All Aluminum Conductor Al. Steel Reinforced TACIR/AW – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Time constraint for new Transmission Lines. . Industrial and Residential) Max. Objections from inhabitants to construct new T/L.Limitations of Present Transmission System The present Transmission System is overloaded due to Economic Expansion (Commercial. Very difficult to acquire Right of Way (ROW)... Temp with Existing ACSR Conductors 85 0C Very High cost to install new Transmission Lines. Op. Solution: New Generation Conductors . New Generation Conductors Options Available with Apar Industries Limited . Thermal Resistant Alloy (TAL) Defined as per IEC. NFC. Defined as per ASTM. 6101 AAAC 1120 AL-57. Defined as per IEC. Bangladesh. Europe… so on . India. Zealand India … so on Nigeria. AL-59 Defined as per Swedish specification & EN Specification. North and East Africa. USA … so on Popularly in use @ Popularly in use @ Popularly in use @ Countries: Countries: Countries: Australia & New Norway. CSA Specification. Middle East. BS. Popularly in use @ Countries: France. Specification. & ASTM Specification. Middle East Asia. South and East Asia.High Ampacity Alloy Conductors AAAC 6201. Australian EN. Sweden. Re -Conductoring Transmission Lines Ground clearance is enough? High Ampacity Alloy Conductors TAL with Al. Alloy Conductor TACIR/AW & TACIR/TW/AW.e. TACSR/EST. GAP type Conductors TACSR. Clad Invar Core. New No. TACSR/TW . i.Up rating of Transmission System Yes. for PGCIL ReConductoring Tender we have offered TACIR/AW 388 sq mm against ACSR Moose Power T’xfer Requirements More than 30% Up to 30% Al-59 AAA 1120 Thermal Resistance Al. TACSR/AW. Summary • TACSR family Conductor has 60+ % more ampacity of ACSR Conductors. • TACSR/TW Conductor has more than 70+% more ampacity of conventional ACSR type. • TACIR/TW Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties as conventional ACSR type. • Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used for TAL Conductors except compression fittings • Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for TALConductors • TAL Conductors has high long-term reliability with strong track record Use AL-59 & TACSR for New Lines and TACIR/AW & GAP Conductor for Re-Conductoring . . Greetings & Welcome Presented by : Workshop on latest technologies on power transmission sector: CBIP New Delhi 20th MAY 2010 M N RAVINARAYAN & N R DHAR Dated on : 20-05-2010 . a necessity .ECG OF TRANSMISSION LINES .Transmission line Signature Analysis. . reduce downtime. On-line fault locators today give data of instant information of distance to faults with varying accuracy regarding location of fault in a transmission line.1. on the instant information. labour and transportation cost . A reconfirmation with an Line Signature Analysis study is preferable to accurately locate the prolonged presence of fault in order to send teams to pinpointed fault location & repair the same to reduce downtime. therefore. Reduction of downtime It is imperative on the part of Transmission line operator to eliminate patrolling as far as practicable. It is. . necessary that accurate & re-confirmed information is obtained before commencing patrolling or sending team to the spot. after the line repair. reveals healthiness of line or indicates persistence of faults in the event of a multiple fault condition. This will avoid stress conditions on the terminal equipments. . relays and eventual line/system tripping. Safe recharging of lines Line Signature Analysis study prior to recharging. as the line can be declared faulty without charging.2. 3. . Thus a planned maintenance schedule can be programmed to avoid forced outage of any line. weak jumpers. Predictive Maintenance Line Signature study of a transmission line (Line healthiness study or ECG of a transmission line) can predict developing fault locations e.g. leaky insulators etc on the line indicating various degrees (immediate/2nd & 3rd preference etc) of weakness of the line. This helps in reducing the downtime of the line to a greater extent. Decision for charging a new Transmission line can be taken based on this Line Signature study. Line Signature scans the entire line and provides documentation on the line’s readiness for charging. .4. Line pre-commissioning tests Line Signature Analysis study is also most useful tool for precommissioning tests for a newly constructed Transmission Line. This is considered an ideal situation for study of line condition. conductors. . Accurate data independent of operating parameters The Signature Analysis does not require any presetting of line data.5. GPS positioning etc. no additional attachments interfering with the substation/power station terminal equipments. geometry of towers. The Line Signature Analysis study is not influenced either by any effect due to dynamic behavior of the transmission line that may be encountered when the transmission line is in charged condition or by any data of line. which can be useful for comparison with subsequent data for monitoring the transmission line condition at any given point of time for planning preventive maintenance. . its weakness/improvement. Historical data for asset management Line Signature Analysis provides historical data on the entire line.6. 7. Data for Relay system Feeding a correct data of a transmission line for on-line / Relay system is essential. Length of a line constitutes an important factor for input data of ONLINE / Relay system. The Signature Analysis on application to a line provides accurate line length and hence helps improve accurate functioning of on-line / Relay system. . 8. Various components are responsible for measurement by on-line system whereas Line Signature Analysis is an in-dependant system. A backup Line Signature Analysis can be used as a back up of on-line systems in the event of system failure. . TAURUS EHT 1250 MAX-3 FAULT ANALYSER SYSTEM . UTILITY 1. Used for FAULT LOCATION 2. Used for Predictive Maintenance 3. Used for Pre–charging verification 4. Used for Pre-commissioning of EHT lines The MAX-3 Digi Scan -- Salient features.. 1. Portable offline system with in-built re-chargeable battery. Housed in IP67 pelican casing. 2. Complete fault Information in direct reading digital display 3. Complete Line Healthiness Study. 4. Can be used in any line EHT line from 66kV to 1250 kV. 5. Requires no parameter input. Extremely simple operation 6. Accuracy of +/- 100 meters through out the range of 1000 KM. 7. Direct PC storage and printout. 8. Optimum safety. Complete suppression of induction voltage 9. All the functionalities of the system can be tested with the EHT line Simulator. 10. Economical Investment – one single system is sufficient for the entire station and applied to any EHT line from 66kV to 1250kV. A look at ECG OF TRANSMISSION LINES - The LINE SIGNATURE ANALYSIS GOOD LINE NORMAL LINE BAD LINE . GOOD LINE . NORMAL LINE . BAD LINE . A look at .All the in-homogeneous present on your EHV line . 3[3] 090.0[8] 004.3[3] 026.1[1] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.6[3] 060.6[2] 046.6[2] 112.9[8] A4 [] [] 012.7[1] [] [] 135.7[1] [] [] 060.7[4] 124.4[3] 065.9[7] 029.3[1] [] [] 026.6[3] 022.3[1] [] [] [] [] [] 118.6[1] 086.PROGRESSIVE GAIN HIGHLIGHTS 06 4:43:15 PM :.7[2] 085.7[1] 118.2[5] 025.9[3] 069.8[8] Remarks X X B X B A X X X X X X C X X C X X X X C X X X X X C X X E .9[8] A5 [] [] 012.6[1] 135.0[1] [] [] [] 050.5[3] 051.B PHASE OPEN :.8[8] A6 002.5[8] 012.6[2] 096.8[8] A3 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.2[2] 078.6[3] [] 039.3[3] 035.0[3] 050.4[3] 047.7[3] 097.3[3] [] 022.0[1] 126.2[3] [] [] 036.8[3] A2 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.2[6] 020.3[1] [] [] [] [] 086.Neelamangala ckt1 A1 [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] 135.2[1] 056.3[3] 102.400 KV Mysore . Case Studies . Decapping FAULT AT 69 KM IN B PHASE DECAPPING FAULT . SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT AT 112 KM IN Y PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT . Thank you .