Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Study

Critical Appraisal of Observational Study in Epidemiologydr. YUDHI WIBOWO, M.PH OUTLINE • BACKGROUND • MEMAHAMI LAPORAN JURNAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY in EPIDEMIOLOGY STROBE • CA JURNAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY • KESIMPULAN . (2005) Introduction to Epidemiology.Bailey et al. London:McGraw-Hill . 2007) . in published observational research important information is often missing or unclear. (Erik et al..Background • Much biomedical research (9 of 10) is observational. • Which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study’s generalizability. • The reporting of such research is often inadequate. • However. . 2004). 17 of 49 articles (35%) did not specify the eligibility criteria (Tooth et al.. 2007). • Only few reports of case-control studies in psychiatry explained the methods used to identify cases and controls (Lee et al.. . • In a survey of longitudinal studies in stroke research. 2005).• An analysis of epidemiological studies published in general medical and specialist journals found that the rationale behind the choice of potential confounding variables was often not reported (Pockok et al. • What should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study.STROBE • The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). case-control and cross-sectional studies . • Covered three main study designs: cohort. • A checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title. • To improve the quality of reporting of observational studies . or cross-sectional studies. case-control. • Eighteen items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort. methods. introduction. abstract. results and discussion sections of articles. . Introduction 1. metodologis. desain dirancang utk menjawab pertanyaan. sbg dasar perhitungan besar sampel . Tujuan Utama penelitian (primary outcome): paling diminati peneliti. di tempat lain. target program & dampak Elaborasi: substansi & metodologis Kesenjangan: substansi. dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Background/rationale: • • • besar masalah: prevalensi/insidensi/jumlah. konfirmasi penelitian sebelumnya 2. . . . sampel • Teknik sampling • Variabel bebas. tergantung • Hasil utama (primary outcome) 2. hubungan non-kausal • Pengaruh bias • Pengaruh perancu • Pengaruh peluang . DESKRIPSI UMUM • Desain • Populasi target.CA OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 1. populasi terjangkau. Validitas interna. hubungan kausal • • • • • • • Temporabilitas Asosiasi kuat Dosis respon Konsistensi Spesifik Koherensi Biologically plausible 4. Vaiditas interna.3. Validitas eksterna • • • Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada subyek terpilih Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada populasi terjangkau Apakah hasil dapat diterapkan pada populasi luas . (2005) The Design of Studies for Medical Research. & Campbell. .Kriteria Kausasi Machin. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.J. M. D. agama. IMPORTANCY : kepentingan hasil penelitian secara klinis (effect size) 2. ekonomi.CA MASIH DIPERLUKAN KOMPONEN: 1. APPLICABILITY : transportability. kondisi pasien. . kemampuan pelayanan. sosial budaya. Kesimpulan • Dokter harus mampu melakukan telaah jurnal dengan baik. • Observational Study in Epidemiology STROBE • CA ada 3 komponen (VIA): – Validitasvaliditas interna non-kausal. – Importancy – Applicability . validitas. validitas interna kausal (eksternaBradfold-Hill criteria). 85:867–872. Kalish LA. Bain C. Bindman J.329:883 • Lee W. Quality of reporting of observational longitudinal research. Stewart R. • Pocock SJ. Ford T. Goldman MB. et al.d Peter C Gøtzsche e & Jan P Vandenbrouckef for the STROBE Initiative.WHO. Glozier N. Dobson A. Ware R.c Stuart J Pocock.a. Br J Psychiatry 2007..161:280-8. (2006) Basic pidemiology Ed. Moran P. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.Reference • Erik von Elm. . & Kjellstrom. Collier TJ. R.190:204-9. R. et al. de Stavola BL. Am J Epidemiol 2005. Purdie DM. • Bonita. BMJ 2004.b Matthias Egger. Issues in the reporting of epidemiological studies: a survey of recent practice.2. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007. • Tooth L.a Douglas G Altman. T. Beaglehole. Dandreo KJ. Bias in psychiatric case-control studies: literature survey. • Sastroasmoro.3. D. & Campbell. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd .J. M. S. Jakarta:Salemba Medika.S. (2005) The Design of Studies for Medical Research. • Machin. S.Jakarta:Sagung Seto. (2010) Membaca dan menelaah jurnal uji klinis. (2010) Dasardasar Meodologi Penelitian Klinis Ed. M.• Dahlan. & Ismael.