Cricket project

PROJECT REPORT ONCRICKET AS A MONEY MAKER SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (BMS) BY MR. NIKHIL MEHTA SEAT NO. S. K. SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE VIDHYAVIHAR MUMBAI - 77 2013 – 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT On the successful completion of my project “CRICKET AS A MONEY MAKER”, I NIKHIL D MEHTA Take the opportunity to express my deep sense towards all those People without whose guidance, inspiration and timely help this project would have never seen the light of the say. First of all would like to thanks “The University of Mumbai” for including such kind of project in the curriculum. I find great pleasure in expressing my deepest sense of gratitude Towards my college “S. K. Somaiya of Arts, commerce & Science” And our Principal “Dr. Sangeeta Kohli”. I am also thankful to our BMS – Coordinator “Prof. Aparna Jain”, for her continuous and valuable support. I am very thankful to my guide, “Prof. NITIN PAWAR” Who made me realize that each of us has the potential to work Independently and gave us his valuable suggestions and support Whenever required and ensured that we could do the best in the Project. Last but not the least my parents and friends who encourage me for completion of this project and their blessings. 2 DECLARATION I, NIKHIL D MEHTA OF T.Y.BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES V SEMESTER OF S.K.SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ARTS,SCIENCE & COMMERCE, VIDHYAVIHAR, HEREBY DECLARE THAT, I HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON “CRICKET AS A MONEY MAKER” FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-2014. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE. NIKHIL D MEHTA TY BMS 3 Sr. Particulars No. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CRICKET WITH ADVERTISEMENT 3. BCCI AND THE MONEY IT MAKES 4. CRICKET EFFECTING INDIAN ECONOMY 5. EARNINGS OF TOP CRICKETERS 6. IPL – INDIAN PAISA LEAKED 7. IPL – BEHIND THE SCENES 8. THE BUSINESS BENEFITS FOR SPONSORS 9. IPL WITH CONTROVERSIES RIGHT FROM SEASON ONE 10. CONCLUSION 11. BIBLOGRAPHY Page No. 5 16 18 25 29 31 43 47 49 51 52 4 1. INTRODUCITION HISTORY OF CRICKET Origin No one knows when or where cricket began but there is a body of evidence, much of it circumstantial, that strongly suggests the game was devised during Saxon or Norman times by children living in the Weald, an area of dense woodlands and clearings in south-east England that lies across Kent and Sussex. It is generally believed that cricket survived as a children's game for many generations before it was increasingly taken up by adults around the beginning of the 17th century. Possibly cricket was derived from bowls, assuming bowls is the older sport, by the intervention of a batsman trying to stop the ball from reaching its target by hitting it away. Playing on sheep-grazed land or in clearings, the original implements may have been a matted lump of sheep’s wool (or even a stone or a small lump of wood) as the ball; a stick or a crook or another farm tool as the bat; and a stool or a tree stump or a gate (e.g., a wicket gate) as the wicket. Derivation of the name of "cricket" A number of words are thought to be possible sources for the term "cricket". In the earliest known reference to the sport in 1598, it is called creckett. The name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch krick(-e), meaning a stick; or the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff. Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word krickstoel, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket. According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, "cricket" derives from the Middle Dutch met de (krik ket)sen (i.e., "with the stick chase"), which also suggests a Dutch connection in the game's origin. It is more likely that the terminology of cricket was based on words in use in south east England at the time and, given trade connections with the County of Flanders, especially in the 15th century when it belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, many Middle Dutch words found their way into southern English dialects. 5 the new Puritan government clamped down on "unlawful assemblies". In the same year. that village cricket had developed by the middle of the 17th century but that county cricket had not and that investment in the game had not begun. Equally. The Commonwealth After the Civil War ended in 1648. cricket's popularity may have waned during the Commonwealth. There is no actual evidence that Oliver 6 . testified that he and his school friends had played creckett on the site fifty years earlier when they attended the Free School. Derrick's account proves beyond reasonable doubt that the game was being played in Surrey circa 1550. in particular the more raucous sports such as football. when two men in Sussex were prosecuted for playing cricket on Sunday instead of going to church. there is little evidence of the rampant gambling that characterised the game throughout the 18th century. Their laws also demanded a stricter observance of the Sabbath than there had been previously. Having said that it did flourish in public fee-paying schools such as Winchester and St Paul's.First definite reference John Derrick was a pupil at The Royal Grammar School in Guildford when he and his friends played creckett circa 1550. John Derrick. It is generally believed. As the Sabbath was the only free time available to the lower classes. the first definite mention of the game is found in a 1598 court case concerning an ownership dispute over a plot of common land in Guildford. but there is no evidence of county strength teams at this time. Surrey. Despite many prior suggested references. The first reference to cricket being played as an adult sport was in 1611. Early 17th century A number of references occur up to the English Civil War and these indicate that cricket had become an adult game contested by parish teams. A 59-year old coroner. therefore. a dictionary defined cricket as a boys' game and this suggests that adult participation was a recent development. although that was still a fortune at the time. especially as members of the nobility were employing "local experts" from village cricket as the earliest professionals. It is believed that the nobility in general adopted cricket at this time through involvement in village games. But it was a long time before the newspaper industry adapted sufficiently to provide frequent. the "Cavalier" Parliament passed the Gaming Act 1664 which limited stakes to £100. The match in 1697 was probably Sussex versus another county. There is a newspaper report of a "great match" played in Sussex in 1697 which was 11-a-side and played for high stakes of 50 guineas a side. which is the time that press coverage became more regular. These men included the 2nd Duke of Richmond. 18th-century cricket Patronage and players Gambling introduced the first patrons because some of the gamblers decided to strengthen their bets by forming their own teams and it is believed the first "county teams" were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660. perhaps as a result of the patrons' influence. Cricket had certainly become a significant gambling sport by the end of the 17th century. In 1664. In the 18th century it arrived in other parts of the globe. press reports tended to focus on the betting rather than on the play. The most notable of the early patrons were a group of aristocrats and businessmen who were active from about 1725. It was introduced to the West Indies by colonists and to India by British East India Company mariners in the first 7 . equivalent to about £13 thousand in present day terms. During the first half of the 18th century. With freedom of the press having been granted in 1696. Cricket moves out of England Cricket was introduced to North America via the English colonies in the 17th century. coverage of the game. probably before it had even reached the north of England. The first known game in which the teams use county names is in 1709 but there can be little doubt that these sort of fixtures were being arranged long before that. the press mentions individual players like Thomas Waymark. For the first time. Sir William Gage. cricket for the first time could be reported in the newspapers. Gambling and press coverage Cricket certainly thrived after the Restoration in 1660 and is believed to have first attracted gamblers making large bets at this time.Cromwell's regime banned cricket specifically and there are references to it during the interregnum that suggest it was acceptable to the authorities provided that it did not cause any "breach of the Sabbath". Alan Brodrick and Edward Stead. let alone comprehensive. the Laws of Cricket were codified for the first time and then amended in 1774. It arrived in Australia almost as soon as colonisation began in 1788. Cricket never caught on in Canada. In 1744. During the First World War. New Zealand and South Africa followed in the early years of the 19th century. MCC immediately became the custodian of the Laws and has made periodic revisions and recodifications subsequently. in 1751. length and pace.. In 1728. how out. overs. Canadian units stationed in Britain played baseball. 8 .half of the century. despite efforts by an imperial-minded elite to promote the game as a way of identifying with the British Empire. Yorkshire is first mentioned as a venue. the Duke of Richmond and Alan Brodick drew up Articles of Agreement to determine the code of practice in a particular game and this became a common feature. rolling the ball along the ground as in bowls) was superseded sometime after 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball and study variations in line. the wicket. Canada. Development of the Laws Laws of Cricket The basic rules of cricket such as bat and ball. pitch dimensions. Scorecards began to be kept on a regular basis from 1772 and since then an increasingly clear picture has emerged of the sport's development.e. witnessed a continual decline in the popularity of the game during 1860–1960. the game never became popular with the general public. have existed since time immemorial. These laws stated that the principals shall choose from amongst the gentlemen present two umpires who shall absolutely decide all disputes. Continued growth in England The game continued to spread throughout England and. middle stump and maximum bat width were added. The codes were drawn up by the so-called "Star and Garter Club" whose members ultimately foundedMCC at Lord's in 1787. The original form of bowling (i. unlike Australia and the West Indies. especially around payment of stake money and distributing the winnings given the importance of gambling. In the summer season it had to compete with baseball. etc. not cricket. when innovations such as lbw. Linked to upper class British-Canadian elites. Ever since the park area where that match took place has been called La Pelouse des Anglais (the Englishmen's lawn). Hadlow and Chertsey. Their most notable opponent was the Chertsey and Surrey bowler Edward "Lumpy" Stevens. Hambledon produced several outstanding players including the master batsman John Small and the first great fast bowler Thomas Brett. the game survived and a slow recovery began in 1815. Bromley. as in the 1760s. Sevenoaks. The club itself was founded in the 1760s and was well patronised to the extent that it was the focal point of the game for about thirty years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord's Cricket Ground in 1787. Others followed. It started as a parish organisation that first achieved prominence in 1756. This was largely due to shortage of players and lack of investment. Addington. the causes were shortage of players and lack of investment. But. delivery that the straight bat was introduced. The old "hockey stick" style of bat was only really effective against the ball being trundled or skimmed along the ground. who is believed to have been the main proponent of the flighted delivery. which still exists.An artwork depicting the history of the cricket bat The first famous clubs were London and Dartford in the early 18th century. But far and away the most famous of the early clubs was Hambledon in Hampshire. Cricket and crisis Cricket faced its first real crisis during the 18th century when major matches virtually ceased during the Seven Years War. Again. It was in answer to the flighted. particularly Slindon in Sussex which was backed by the Duke of Richmond and featured the star player Richard Newland. London played its matches on the Artillery Ground. 9 . or pitched. But the game survived and the "Hambledon Era" proper began in the mid-1760s. on the eve of the Battle of Waterloo British soldiers played a cricket match in the Bois de la Cambre park in Brussels. Maidstone. There were other prominent clubs at Maidenhead. On 17 June 1815. Cricket faced another major crisis at the beginning of the 19th century when a cessation of major matches occurred during the culminating period of the Napoleonic Wars. Hornchurch. The growth of cricket in the mid and late 19th century was assisted by the development of the railway network. 19th-century cricket The game also underwent a fundamental change of organisation with the formation for the first time of county clubs. A cricket match at Darnall. Though a commercial venture. All the modern county clubs. were founded during the 19th century. In 1817. But the counties and MCC prevailed. Other similar teams were created and this vogue lasted for about thirty years. Gambling scandals in cricket have been going on since the 17th century.MCC was itself the centre of controversy in the Regency period. teams from a long distance apart could play one 10 . For the first time. cricket faced a major crisis of its own making as the campaign to allow roundarm bowling gathered pace. their intrigues and jealousies exploded into a match-fixing scandal with the top player William Lambert being banned from playing at Lord's Cricket Ground for life. starting with Sussex in 1839. largely on account of the enmity between Lord Frederick Beauclerk and George Osbaldeston. In the 1820s. No sooner had the first county clubs established themselves than they faced what amounted to "player action" as William Clarke created the travelling All-England Eleven In 1846. Sheffield in the 1820s. this team did much to popularize the game in districts which had never previously been visited by high-class cricketers. The "Great Cricketer". another bowling revolution resulted in the legalisation of overarm and in the same year Wisden Cricketers' Almanack was first published. a team of Australian Aborigines toured England in what was the first Australian cricket team to travel overseas. made his first-class debut in 1865. International cricket begins The first ever international cricket game was between the USA and Canada in 1844. 11 .other without a prohibitively time-consuming journey. In 1864. the first English team toured Australia. The match was played at the grounds of the St George's Cricket Club in New York. a team of leading English professionals set off to North America on the first-ever overseas tour and. particularly in batting. His feats did much to increase the game's popularity and he introduced technical innovations which revolutionised the game. W G Grace. in 1862. The English team 1859 on their way to the USA In 1859. increasing the size of crowds. Between May and October 1868. Spectators could travel longer distances to matches. the intention was to continue the experiment in 1940. the Australians toured England for the first time and were a spectacular success. C B Fry. The following year. arguably the most famous match of all time gave rise to The Ashes. This organisational initiative has been repeated in other countries. Wilfred Rhodes. In 1922. Subsequently. The period from 1890 to the outbreak of the First World War has become an object of nostalgia. ostensibly because the teams played cricket according to "the spirit of the game". K S Ranjitsinhji and Victor Trumper. an England touring team in Australia played two matches against full Australian XIs that are now regarded as the inaugural Test matches. some countries experimented with eight balls an over. 20th-century cricket Growth of Test cricket 12 . the Plunkett Shield in New Zealand and the Ranji Trophy in India. The era has been called The Golden Age of cricket and it featured numerous great names such as Grace.The first Australian touring team (1878) pictured at Niagara Falls In 1877. In England. at The Oval in 1882. the eight ball over was adopted experimentally for the 1939 season. Other national competitions to be established were the Currie Cup in South Africa. In 1924 the eight ball over was extended to New Zealand and in 1937 to South Africa. but first-class cricket was suspended for the Second World War and when it resumed. the number of balls per over was changed from six to eight in Australia only. Balls per over In 1889 the immemorial four ball over was replaced by a five ball over and then this was changed to the current six balls an over in 1900. National championships A major watershed occurred in 1890 when the official County Championship was constituted in England. Since the 1979/80 Australian and New Zealand seasons. South Africa became the third Test nation in 1889. Australia established the Sheffield Shield in 1892–93. No Tests were played on that tour but more soon followed and. but more realistically because it was a peacetime period that was shattered by the First World War. The 1947 Laws of Cricket allowed six or eight balls depending on the conditions of play. the six ball over has been used worldwide and the most recent version of the Laws in 2000 only permits six ball overs. English cricket reverted to the six ball over. West Indies and New Zealand became Test nations before the Second World War and Pakistan soon afterwards. Ironically. Cricket's opposition to apartheid intensified in 1968 with the cancellation of England's tour to South Africa by the South African authorities. was welcomed back into international sport in 1991. only England. traps Lala Amarnath lbw in the first official Test between Australia and India at the MCG in 1948 When the Imperial Cricket Conference (as it was originally called) was founded in 1909. in the closing years of the 20th century. Australia and South Africa were members. under the rules of the day. notably in the infamous "Bodyline Series" of 1932–33 when Douglas Jar dine's England used so-called "leg theory" to try and neutralise the run-scoring brilliance of Australia's Don Bradman. the South African Cricket Board began funding socalled "rebel tours". due to the inclusion of "coloured" cricketer Basil D'Oliveira in the England team. Zimbabwe and Bangladesh. India.Sid Barnes. The ICC's response was to blacklist any rebel players who agreed to tour South Africa. banning them from officially sanctioned international cricket. The rebel tours continued into the 1980s but then progress was made in South African politics and it became clear that apartheid was ending. three of those became Test nations also: Sri Lanka. Starved of top-level competition for its best players. The situation began to crystallise after 1961 when South Africa left the Commonwealth of Nations and so. its cricket board had to leave the International Cricket Conference (ICC). Test cricket remained the sport's highest level of standard throughout the 20th century but it had its problems. the ICC members voted to suspend South Africa indefinitely from international cricket competition. South Africa. offering large sums of money for international players to form teams and tour South Africa. the South African team at that time was probably the strongest in the world. now a "Rainbow Nation" under Nelson Mandela. 13 . The international game grew with several "affiliate nations" getting involved and. particularly players getting towards the end of their careers for which a blacklisting would have little effect. Suspension of South Africa (1970–91) The greatest crisis to hit international cricket was brought about by apartheid. several accepted the offer to tour South Africa. the South African policy of racial segregation. In 1970. As players were poorly remunerated during the 1970s. and it did prove commercially successful. it did improve cricket's appeal to younger or busier people. after one-day Internationals) have since grown to become a massively popular form of the game. Starting in 1963 as a knockout competition only. but turned out to be immensely popular. Taking advantage of the low remuneration paid to players. Innovative techniques that were originally introduced for coverage of LOI matches were soon adopted for Test coverage. Increasing use of technology Limited overs cricket increased television ratings for cricket coverage. World Series Cricket hired some of the banned South African players and allowed them to show off their skills in an international arena against other world-class players. Packer retaliated by signing several of the best players in the world to a privately run cricket league outside the structure of international cricket. The International Cricket Council reacted to this development by organizing the first Cricket World Cup in England in 1975. limited overs cricket did have the advantage of delivering a result to spectators within a single day. limited overs grew in popularity and in 1969 a national league was created which consequently caused a reduction in the number of matches in the County Championship. Limited overs internationals (LOIs or ODIs. English county teams began playing a version of cricket with games of only one innings each and a maximum number of overs per innings. especially for busy people who want to be able to see a whole match. though many found that their national teams had moved on without them. Limited-overs cricket In the 1960s. Long-term results of World Series Cricket have included the introduction of significantly higher player salaries and innovations such as coloured kit and night games. The innovations 14 . It was tried simply as an experiment and to give the players some exercise. Although many "traditional" cricket fans objected to the shorter form of the game. The schism lasted only until 1979 and the "rebel" players were allowed back into established international cricket.World Series Cricket The money problems of top cricketers were also the root cause of another cricketing crisis that arose in 1977 when the Australian media magnate Kerry Packer fell out with the Australian Cricket Board over TV rights. The first limited overs international match took place at Melbourne Cricket Ground in 1971 as a timefiller after a Test match had been abandoned because of heavy rain on the opening days. with all the Test playing nations taking part. The third umpire's duties have subsequently expanded to include decisions on other aspects of play such as stumpings. and on the United States. 21st-century cricket Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants. mostly for the first time. and the official Indian Premier League. a "One-day International Championship Table". in October 2002. The ICC has expanded its development programme with the goal of producing more national teams capable of competing at Test level. the third umpire is not called upon to adjudicate lbw appeals. The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India – the unofficial Indian Cricket League. although there is a virtual reality tracking technology (i. Hawk-Eye) that is approaching perfection in predicting the course of a delivery. high speed photography and computer graphics technology enabling television viewers to study the course of a delivery and help them understand an umpire's decision. spectators and media interest.e. the use of a third umpire to adjudicate runout appeals with television replays was introduced in the Test series between South Africa and India. Australia has consistently topped both these tables in the 2000s. As yet. catches and boundaries. essentially an evening entertainment. placing miniature cameras in the stumps. the ICC introduced a "Test Championship Table" and. In June 2001. In 1992. the ICC Intercontinental Cup brought first-class cricket to 12 nations. It has so far enjoyed enormous popularity and has attracted large attendances at matches as well as good TV audience ratings.. In 2004. multiple usage of cameras to provide shots from several locations around the ground. Cricket's newest innovation is Twenty20.included presentation of in-depth statistics and graphical analysis. Development efforts are focused on African and Asian nations. which started in 2007. The inaugural ICC Twenty20 World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a follow-up event in 2009. starting in 2008 – raised much speculation in the cricketing press about their effect on the future of cricket 15 . every 2nd Indian will have his eyes glued to the TV during the India Pakistan clash. illiterate and lives in a village without electricity and only dirt roads to walk on. leaned on their cricket board to allow them to sign on) and will now play games that will generate a ton of cash for themselves and their “owners”. 35 lakh for 10 seconds slot. On the other hand – what! Rich people getting richer ? We’re all getting taken for a ride. But wait! What’s this ? The ICC says there’s no place in the schedule for the IPL to stage its games? Well! Talk about racism! They’re all jealous of Indian ingenuity is what they are! Down with the ICC! And just 16 . these so-called slaves get paid a lot of money ($42 million for 78 players). CRICKET WITH ADVERTISEMENT 2. What is the world coming to? Except. If a single 10 second ad has to broadcast in both semifinals. and that too because zoozoo ads are very creative and you enjoy seeing them. the pricing stands at 22 Lakh per 10 seconds. except probably zoozoo Ads. I am sure it is. And. I tell you! Sport should be free – it belongs to all of us! It is an honor to play for the nation and for our enjoyment. 35 Lakhs for Cricket World Cup Matches… As per the current estimates. What better platform to announce a launch of a new product or even simply to spread brand awareness to millions of viewers. drawn into a hideous human cattle market. And maybe buy them a doll to play with. does anyone even see or remember anything else other than the actual sport ? I tried thinking about any ad that I remember during the matches and I could not recollect any. It’s a modern day slave auction! Hardworking athletes. do we? Okay.2. Literally. I have always had this question in my mind – During such high adrenaline games. A fake one. not And just look at the people who’ve bought the teams! Filthy capitalists and dancing movie stars – with six-pack abs and dimples! How dare they? Only the people of India should have been allowed to buy these teams! What’s that you say? These people are Indians? Nonsense! Everybody knows a real Indian is poor. However. of course. suffering the supreme humiliation of having a price put on their talent. the price stands at 18 lakh for 10 seconds But the question is whether it is worth? According to me. fine – we’ll throw them a birthday party once a year too. that is. Everybody else is a Western stooge out to destroy our culture where money is simply not important. we don’t give our children money to play.1 A 10 second Advertisement costs Rs. why do they need to get paid more than an allowance? After all. if an advertiser wants his ad to be shown in both Semi-Finals and Finals. heroes of their nations. if it is for India Pakistan semi-final alone. if an advertiser is willing to pay that kind of money. willingly signed the contracts (and in the case of Australia. the price is about Rs. we’ve lost matches before because our cricketers were busy making too much money by advertising stuff – the talking heads on TV said so! And they never lie! Ad-making is practically devil-worshiping. They’re going to kill us all! But what if all this money thing goes to Dhoni’s (those greasy locks are now worth $1. 1.5 million – eat that Andrew Symmonds!) head and we lose all our ODI matches? After all. that’s who. Apollo dental cream. Sahu tyres. Everybody knows that! On the other hand… damn. Status shirts. Rajdoot paints. after all. facing the pavilion. Yet this disparity was not reflected in the rentals paid by the two advertisers – Rs. 17 .25.2 Advertisements thrive on cricket grounds The Ferozeshah Kotla ground displayed products like A1 pumps.50. T-T banians. I’m tired of all this outrage. The most advantageous spot is that on the right of the sight screen. I’m going to conserve my energy. Haven’t you seen Donand Gangster? Kuala Lumpur is where they all go. it just goes on till I drop dead of exhaustion? You know what. These brands obviously drum up sufficient sales in their zonal markets to afford an occasional fling on national television. Some stadium sites are of course more favoured than others to catch TV's eye and thus project to a massive national audience. 1.look where they all met – in Malaysia! Who meets in Malaysia? Underworld characters. I’ll need it when Lalit Modi brings American style football to India and players start earning tens of millions to mow each other down for the supreme honor of holding on to a ball that doesn’t even look like a ball.000 and Rs. Labu cycles. Red and White Kings were the fortunate tenants. Or when Russell Crowe brings his rugby fixation to India so we can lose to the Australians at yet another sport. 2.000 respectively. How long does this news cycle last anyway? Oh. They were on-camera almost continuously and easily out displayed Tingler (on the twin side of the screen) 100-to-1 . etc. at the people who run the BCCI.M. a decision that meant the Indian government — which expends resources on cricket stadiums. the BCCI isn’t public. And I’m sure some of these politicians have some knowledge and ability to contribute to the BCCI. but isn’t this all a flagrant 18 . I think we ought to pay a little more attention to the overlords who supposedly take care of our game. 2. but that number may not be even close to their actual tax bill. or a private corporation? Well. a former journalist and now a minister of state. a leader of the federal opposition and a former Cabinet minister . for instance. Its working committee includes Anurag Thakur. here’s the tricky thing. the Indian government granted a tax exemption to the BCCI.” As a result. to be fair. — collected zilch from one of the richest sporting bodies in the world. Then. For the ‘public’ argument: until a few years ago. is it a government agency. I’m sure there are other political bigwigs on the list.3. some questions and answers: 1. in 2010. a government agency realized the exemption was silly because the BCCI is “no longer promoting cricket as a charitable activity and is now primarily a commercial entity. So.1 JUST HOW MUCH MONEY DOES THE BCCI MAKE ? Seeing the quality of most cricket boards around the world. right? Well. Is the BCCI public or private? That is. the BCCI has paid more than 200 crore in taxes over the last couple of years. Take a look. security. yes and no. the Finance Committee is led by J. BCCI AND THE MONEY IT MAKES 3. a minister of state in the central government. but I think I’ve made my point: how private is an organization that is led by so many public figures? Now. a member of Parliament and Arun Jaitley. and the IPL committee is led by Rajeev Shukla. Scindia. OK. given that they pay taxes and the Central government treats it like a business. the list includes a fair number of businessmen and ex-cricketers. So. g. consulting.  May not permit his or her name to be used by an outside business providing professional services for compensation. the question has already come up in court: A division bench of Justices P B Majmudar and R G Ketkar. 19 .violation of conflict-of-interest norms? Take a look. “If a minister holds a post in a cricket association. And it’s not as if the conflict-of-interest is an abstract issue. asked the petitioner to make Pawar a party if he wanted to make allegations against him. insurance. then there’s no way these politicians can justify their decision to be a part of it (even though all BCCI officer holders are honorary).000 and employed for more than 90 days in a calendar year:  May not affiliate with an outside business for the purpose of providing professional services (e. while hearing the PIL filed by Shiv Sena leader Subhash Desai seeking a direction to the Maharashtra government to recover entertainment tax from IPL. for example..S. Senate ethics code. at the U. medical. then it needs to be regulated better so that it is more accountable to taxpayers.  May not practice a profession for compensation to any extent during regular office hours in the employing Senate office. or legal services) for compensation. which says: A Senator and anyone earning an annual rate of pay above $25.  May practice a profession during off hours as long as the individual avoids affiliating with a firm.” the bench observed. and the state cabinet is to decide on granting some exemption to the association…perhaps conflict of interest may arise. If you say the BCCI is a private entity. If you say the BCCI is a public entity. real estate. Moreover out of the Rs 375 crore Tax that that was demanded in 2 years from 2007 to 09. and we don’t know how professional the whole outfit is. The problem is that more government intervention isn’t necessarily the answer. So how much money does this public/private organization make? The thing is. no one really knows. The Committee said it’s astonished that the Income Tax Department could not finalize the assessment of income of BCCI for the last three years. but more transparency may be. we don’t know why certain states levy an entertainment tax and others don’t. But the IPL finances are notoriously shady and a Parliament steering committee has been trying to figure out how much tax the BCCI owes the government: The Committee has noted that the Board had been enjoying questionable tax benefits having got exemption to the tune of Rs 225 cr before 2007 & having submitted only Rs 92 crore out of the Rs 118 crore that was demanded in 2007. In their latest release. Where does that leave us? Not sure. In the end. for example.3. the BCCI said it made a profit of roughly $40 million. 4. mostly due to IPL largesse (profit: $25 million). the BCCI has paid only Rs 249 crore. if Indian MPs are required to disclose their incomes and stock holdings? Does anyone know if the BCCI has a charter that spells out how it’s possible that an office holder can also own an IPL franchise? 20 . Does anyone know. we have a bunch of political honchos running a game that makes hundreds of millions of dollars a year and is a national passion — but we don’t really know how transparent their books are. 15 lakh each from BCCI The Indian cricket board will be distributing up to Rs. "However.3.70 crore from the Champions League T20 to make up the fund that would be distributed. "Around 200 players who would benefit would be those who have played over 75 first-class matches but never Test cricket. besides those who played Test cricket and One-day Internationals before 2003-04. are being considered for this scheme. we are yet to decide the criteria for distribution of this money.75 crore and Rs. though I don't know what it is. N Srinivasan.15 lakh and a maximum of Rs. and the Ranji Trophy one-day matches will also be taken into account. made the initial announcement about this at the Indian Premier league (IPL) opening ceremony in Chennai on Tuesday." he disclosed. The domestic limited-over tournaments like Deodhar Trophy. when the BCCI launched a monthly-pension scheme. said that the idea was to reward those who never got reward for toiling for years in domestic cricket. but we have agreed to distribute between Rs. "A player who qualifies for this scheme would receive at least Rs. "The plan is to take roughly about Rs. Many of the players benefitting from this 'one-time' largesse would be the ones who slogged it out in domestic tournaments for many years without getting matching financial rewards.1crore." Former left-arm spinner Rajinder Goel. Three one-day games would be constituted as one first-class match and if someone falls short of 75 first-class-match criterion. sending a wave of excitement among them. This benefit will be besides the BCCI's monthly gratis scheme for former players and a separate pension scheme that some state associations like Delhi are running. "The modalities are still being worked out. chairman of the IPL governing council. Although the details are still being worked out. They say only former first-class players and Test/ODI cricketers who played till 2003-04. the limited-over matches played by him would be taken into account to see if he reaches the 75-match mark." Goel told Mail Today from Rohtak home. Rajeev Shukla. which is organized in association with Australian and South African boards. 21 .15 lakh and a maximum of Rs.. mostly of the deprived previous generation. officials involved in chalking out the scheme say that players are expected to receive a minimum of Rs." he said.18 crore from the IPL and about Rs. who played the maximum first-class matches in India without getting to play Test cricket. like the period for which this scheme will be implemented and the slabs of the number of matches etc. and never got to play Test matches for various reasons. Vijay Hazare Trophy. He said that the proceeds of the three play-off IPL games would be distributed among those who have played both international and domestic cricket for a long time.2 Domestic players to get at least Rs.100 crore among around 200 cricketers. president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).1 crore. "It's good to hear that the BCCI also thinks about players like us who never played Test matches.100 crore among the players who are very old and not financially well-off. is excited at hearing the BCCI announcement. the BCCI could also draw money from its share of profit from the Champions League T20. I have started getting congratulatory phone calls from people who are saying that I would qualify for this new scheme." he said. Giving a peep into the scheme. I am excited since hearing the announcement and I expect to get the benefit of this scheme. A senior BCCI official involved in the drawing up of the scheme said that besides the IPL." Shukla told Mail Today. BCCI is a society. Board Treasurer Ravi Savant told PTI that the net income figure has been arrived at "provided there is no tax (levied on the amount)." he explained. it has the authority to select players. many of whom don't have the resources to organize their benefit matches. is the national governing body for all cricket in India. The board was formed in December 1928 as BCCI replaced Calcutta Cricket Club.5 per day for a first class match. but many matches have not taken place. while its gross revenue stood at Rs."I've played maximum first class matches in India . Players have been allotted benefit matches. The state-level clubs select their representatives (secretaries) who in turn select the BCCI officials. To become a member of a state-level association. Rajeev Shukla said that one of the main reasons for giving this benefit to players is that the old BCCI scheme of allotting benefit matches to deserving players had become non-functional. "The allotment of benefit matches was an exercise that had become limited to paper.350-crore net income in 2012-13 The Cricket Board posted net income of Rs.382. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).36 crore in 201112. It is a "private club consortium"." he said. who represented Southern Punjab. When I used to play there was little money. Without its recognition. It often uses government-owned stadiums across the country at a nominal annual rent." "The Finance Committee passed the accounts and they will be placed before the Board`s Working Committee that should be meeting in the first week of September. When I got a job in the State Bank of India in 1963 and shifted to Delhi. I used to get Rs. has earned a surplus of Rs. headquartered at Mumbai. The BCCI.350 crore. one needs to be introduced by another member and also pay an annual fee. Delhi and Haryana. As a member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). no competitive cricket involving BCCI-contracted Indian players can be hosted within or outside the country.and 123 of them are Ranji Trophy matches. India. registered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act. Informing this today after the BCCI`s Finance Committee meeting in Delhi.157 . That's why we thought of giving a onetime benefit to players. considered the world`s richest cricket body.950 crore during the fiscal 2012-13. umpires and officials to participate in international events and exercises total control over them. 22 . 'Richie Rich' BCCI clocks Rs." said the legendary spinner. 56 crore .08 crore.86. of Rs. the richest cricket board in the world.73 crore. Overall.73. the BCCI earned a gross income ofRs.53 per cent.3.49.05 crore . In 2010-11.04 per cent. "The interest income has increased in spite of the fact that the interest rates came down [recently].118.14 crore from fourth edition of the IPL in 2011 while it garnered Rs. has exceeded its own expectations for 2011-12 and registered a whopping increase of Rs. it earned Rs. The BCCI earned Rs. for a net surplus of Rs.467. now worth a mind boggling Rs.75 crore from this category in 2011-12 while in 2010-11. BCCI. in the BCCI annual report.265.189. The difference between the budgeted surplus for 2011-12 and the actual amount earned is Rs.a significant increase of Rs. according to its balance sheet.19 crore over the previous year.296.388.3.63 crore.36 crore." writes BCCI treasurer Ajay Shirke.31 crore.Since the IPL is always played in April-May.68 crore in 2010-11.47 crore as interest while it was Rs. 101. the income from its 2011 tournament is shown in the latest balance sheet and the figures from the 2012 competition will be shown next year. The income from the Indian Premier League (IPL) has been another major avenue of income. had budgeted for a surplus of Rs. and here too the BCCI books show a colossal raise of Rs. but ended up earning a massive Rs.or an increase of 29.44crore and spent Rs. The other most significant income in 2011-12 was the interest accrued from banks. who took over the reins from MP Pandove in September last year.382.38 crore over the previous year.23.31 crore for 2011-12.192. in net surplus over the previous year. or a jump of 101.308.53 per cent more than previous year The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). This was mainly possible because of effective utilization of available cash flow by investing the available float in short term deposits from time to time. 23 .146. and again the Board recorded a handsome jump over the previous financial year.382. This year it received Rs97.36 crore.849.76 crore in 2010.3 BCCI net profit up by Rs.192. The main source of BCCI's income has been the media rights and it earned Rs437.63 crore.79 crore. the Board earned a net surplus of Rs. am pleased to report that in spite of the various issues that the Board faced from time to time. the Board had received Rs.61." he writes in the annual report 201112. They have particularly targeted the Board.63 crore.81 crore from the ICC. This amount includes Rs. Shirke is grateful to all his colleagues.14 crore this year while in 2010-11 the corresponding figure was Rs..65 crore as its share from the surplus that the International Cricket Council distributes to its member countries annually.23.54 crore in relation to the 2011 World Cup. This has caused a lot of consternation among the Board officials and they have appealed against the decisions in several cases. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. He was clearly referring to the various government tax agencies re-opening of the many old BCCI/IPL tax assessment cases that had been settled long ago. and Rs.Also during the past financial year. for helping him settle down his treasury office in his home city Pune. This raise was possible as India won the World Cup and with it handsome prize money besides the tournament hosting fees.. after it changed its objective in 2006 and contributed Rs." he writes in the report.1. and all the office bearers for guiding me. It earned Rs. Shirke. The only category in which the BCCI earned less than 2010-11 was through the royalty from sponsorship..14. the secretary. is naturally elated to be part of the BCCI's continued financial growth. meaning an increase of Rs. particularly Pandove.38.84 crore.50 crore to the National Sports Development Fund of the sports ministry.. 24 . ". "I'm extremely grateful to our president N Srinivasan for his valuable guidance and support from time to time.11 crore from the annual ICC ranking awards. our financial performance has been satisfactory. Last year.62. the BCCI received Rs. ironically. also president of the Maharashtra Cricket Association. the joint secretary..... hosted by India. IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON INDIAN ECONOMY 1. The increasing economic. The SLR is 25%.  Environmental Degradation And Its Effect On Indian Economy Iyengar sanjay ! ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIAN ECONOMY The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. This year RBI did not increase the Premium  Effects On Indian Economy Due To International Economy The Indian economy is underdeveloped in the sense that her reserves of resources.. Financial Inclusion . CRICKET EFFECTING INDIAN ECONOMY  Effect Of Monetary Policies Of India 2010-11 On Indian Economy Indian economy invests in government bond.   25 .are not fully and effectively.. That is land..The Scope And Effect In Indian Economy Objective of the Paper Highlight the issue of financial exclusion Impact on Indian economy of financial inclusion RBI initiatives & guideline Scope.  Effect Of Rising Oil Prices On Indian Economy The oil prices and higher inflation could hurt the growth of the Indian economy. Bank rate remains constant at 6%. and that the country will experience the effects of an oil-price shock rising crude.4..... labor and capital .. ..  Problems In Real Estate Sector In Indian Economy Sectors development alongside India’s rising integration alongside the globe economy. comprising. Residential Real Estate Residential real estate industry has witnessed.Their Existence And Their Impact On The Indian Economy Their portfolios but they are very mysterious. the effects of the crisis left a deep footprint on India..... 26 . . rapidly growing consumer market.  Hedge Funds & Vulture Funds . The areas most affected in the Indian economy included financial.  Youth Migration And Its Effects On Indian Economy Skilled and English-speaking human resource base forms its backbone.. Let us have a look in the context of Indian economy what effects does this mysterious funds have on the country. The Indian economy has transformed into a vibrant.. Effect Of Global Crises On Indian Economy Indian economy are tied up with the global economy. slowly snowballed to an economic crisis.Impact Of The Agreement On Agriculture On The Indian Economy IMPACT OF THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE ON THE INDIAN ECONOMY INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO Indian agriculture is characterised by a preponderant majority of small.  Indian Economy Without trigging a rise in inflation arrive at figures of around 7%..  Impact Of The Global Financial Crisis On Indian Economy Which was followed by short-sighted profit oriented companies.India is already exceeding its speed limit.... de Lins). 27 ...but Indian economy is growing at the rate of 8%.  Marketing's Role In Indian Economy Which features marketing also (Everton R.. Impact on the Indian Economy The financial crisis in the US.... In Indian economy. marketing changing aspects are clearly visible.  Sustainable Growth Model For Indian Economy What is Sustainable Growth for an Economy? It is a Development plan which aims to achieve long-term growth without. ... However.. is based more on fact than fiction.....  Role Of Indian Banks In The Growth Of The Indian Economy Money lending in one form or the other has evolved along with the history of cricket. Drought V/S India’s. India's economic growth… 28 .  Impact Of Global Recession On Indian Economy Instruments to absorb excessive pressure had helped cushion the impact on Indian economy...  Dry Monsoon And Its Impact On Indian Economy This free report shows exactly how detrimental this drought will be for the Indian economy and why investors should stay away from India. From that point in time Indian economy has been growing at a steady pace.  Indian Economy This was done by introducing a number of economic reforms. but often rhymes. it would depend on how effectively the central bank can balance the Forex rates. The silver lining is that since 50% of our GDP comes from the service. Impact Of Dollar-Rupee Fluctuation On Indian Economy Exchange rate cannot be considered beneficial or detrimental to the Indian Economy.  Recession And Its Effecton Indian Economy Recession and its effect on Indian economy The old saying History doesn’t always repeat itself. England star Kevin Pietersen is reported to be the highest-paid IPL player with a two-year $1. many people imagine all professional sportsmen to be on easy street. Below Daily Mail cricket expert Lawrence Booth. On the other side of the coin. Those picked to play in the glitzy Indian Premier League can also substantially boost their earnings.000 a year.500 29 . EARNINGS OF TOP CRICKETERS How much do top cricketers earn? Cricket has been rocked by an alleged betting scam but how much do top class cricketers earn? Big hitter: England's Kevin Pietersen makes a tidy sum . Beyond their guaranteed earnings.000. But many may also be surprised at how much some of the cricketers playing in the select few Test-class cricket teams earn.5million (£973. For example. according to the Daily Telegraph. The central contract system is understood to give them between £250. the members of the England cricket team do much better.000 South Africa 105.000 India 82. Pakistan's players are contracted for much less. goes into more detail on how much top cricketers make. per year. compared to perceptions of what a top-class professional sportsman makes. while Bangladesh's players get £12.000 to £400.000) deal.but many Test cricketers are paid much less In a world where the sports pages are dominated by diamond encrusted footballers. while South Africa's players earn around £105. CRICKET CENTRAL CONTRACT EARNINGS Country Earnings Per player.000 a year – about four week's wages for a top Premier League footballer.000 England 400.500 a year. at around £22. Australia's top cricketers get a similar amount. top class cricketers will pick up extra cash in match fees. win bonuses and sponsorship opportunities. did you know Pakistan's players are on roughly the UK average wage? Despite failing to come even close to their football playing counterparts earning power. Source: Daily Mail August 2010 Australia 400.5. That makes events such as the alleged betting scandal involving members of the Pakistan cricket team even harder for some to understand. Asif picks up less than £2.000 per Test.000 . the Australians 25% and South Africans 20%. cricketers from other nations . Indian cricketers pick up 26% of their board's takings. who turns 22 today.000 a month. That can rise with match fees and win bonuses. Even the best-paid West Indians.000 for each of the 150 balls he sent down in this year's IPL .000 cheque that Mohammad Aamer picked up at Lord's on Sunday as Pakistan's player of the series underlined his country's status as the poor relations of world cricket. where top players get about £1. are understood to be paid in the region of £250. who operate under a cash-strapped board. Even the more experienced Mohammad Asif . such as Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid.250 22. while the top-earning South Africans are paid more than £100. India's young pace bowler Ishant Sharma. leading South African cricketers take home close to £1million a year. but even then the Pakistanis lag behind every other Test-playing nation bar Bangladesh. earned around £4.300 he earns a month from his Pakistan Cricket Board contract.receives relatively little.a competition the Pakistani sare banned from playing in for political reasons.000 a year. sponsorship deals and Indian Premier League contracts. The best Indian players.riding on the back of an increase in player power . but is more than three times the £1.250 77.the other Pakistan fast bowler implicated in the no-ball scandal . 30 . that is still half as much as the English and Australian players. Despite being in the highest of the three categories used by the PCB to determine payments.are now paid a percentage of their board's annual income.000-£400. And the Pakistanis' sense of grievance may be fuelled by the riches of neighbours and rivals India. by contrast. Once all payments and endorsements are taken into account. Even more gallingly for the Pakistanis.000 for central contracts.a figure that soars with match and tour fees.000. Although the Pakistanis are thought to pick up around £3.roughly the same as a young cricketer playing his first game for India. England's top centrally contracted cricketers.000 Cricket's great pay gap The £4. earn a basic salary of more than £80. It would be small change for most international cricketers.500 a month .CRICKET CENTRAL CONTRACT EARNINGS Country Earnings West Indies Sri Lanka Pakistan Bangladesh 77.500 12. get a retainer of nearly £80. the alleged proxy stakes of politicians and Modi are coming out in the open. IPL – INDIAN PAISA LEAKED 6.6. the business of big bucks and big people The real money players here are oil conglomerates. at least three . Modi’s disclosure of Sunanda Pushkar’s sweat stake in the Kochi team may have led to her close friend and former minister Shashi Tharoor’s fall from grace. Of the eight franchisees in action. breweries. with serious money Little did Lalit Modi. In the aftermath of Modi-Tharoor twitter spat. Here is a lowdown on the ownership patterns of the eight franchisees. but the after effect of it has been equally bad for Modi. 31 .Rajasthan Royals. Even as the I-T raids on franchisees’ offices across the country continue. Incidentally. infrastructure giants. which has all but ensured his ouster as the all-powerful boss of the cash-ridden Twenty20 league. chairman and commissioner of the Indian Premier League. Kings XI Punjab and Kolkata Knight Riders . cement. all these three teams have some link to Modi. visualize that his disclosing of shareholders in the Kochi consortium would snowball into such a huge crisis.appear to be under the scanner of various financial wings of the government for their money transactions. an embattled and embarrassed central government is going all out to get to the bottom of the financial mess of this franchise-model league and the skeletons are falling out of the closet like a pack of cards. These are serious people.1 IPL. Shinano Industrial Retail and Teesta Retails hold 90 per cent of the stakes in the franchise. The 32 . Soon after the Deccan Chargers and the Royal Challengers Bangalore declared their ownership patterns after coming under the scrutiny of government agencies. JICPL is under intense scrutiny for suspected unaccounted foreign funding. A subsidiary of the Mauritius-based EM Sporting Holdings. Ashish Chauhan and Sudhakar Saraswatula. I-T raid happened on Wednesday. The company’s directors are Ashwin Khasgiwala. Royal Challengers Bangalore: Owners: As of now Vijay Mallya’s UB Group has 100 per cent stake in the franchise. But then both Shinano Retail and Teesta Retails are controlled by RIIH. Delhi Daredevils Owners: GMR Sports Pvt Ltd. Deccan Chargers Owners: Deccan Chargers Sporting Ventures. Though it is a well-known fact that Reliance Industries owner Mukesh Ambani and his wife Nita Ambani own the team. Reliance Industrial Investment and Holdings (RIIH). I-T raid took place on Thursday. Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd owns 100% stake in the side. But the team will soon be overtaken by the newly-formed UB Sports Pvt Ltd. making RIL the real owners of the team. Rajasthan Royals Owners: Jaipur IPL Cricket Pvt Ltd. their names don’t figure in the list of shareholders. Daredevils too revealed their details.Mumbai Indians Owners: Indian win Sports Pvt Ltd. according to which GMR Holdings Pvt Ltd owns 51% of total stakes. I-T raid on the Group was conducted on Thursday. son of media baron Rupert Murdoch. IT raids took place on Tuesday and Wednesday. which has digital. Mehta also happens to be the childhood friend of Modi. Kings XI Punjab Owners: KPH Dreams Cricket Pvt Ltd. Bollywood superstar ShahRukh Khan has about 55% stake in the franchise. is the brother-in-law of Modi (He is married to Modi’s wife Minal’s sister Kavita). I-T raid was conducted on Friday. who holds just 45% of stakes in the side. has been in the eye of a storm stirred by his detractors. Gaurav is also a stakeholder in Global Cricket Venture.RR is also under the scanner for Modi’s suspected benami stake in the franchise. The franchise is reportedly up for sale now. After the raids on Cricket Association of Bengal and other KKR offices on Wednesday. is the brother of Gaurav Burman. while Emerging Media (run by Manoj Badale and a close confidant of Modi) has about 12% stake. Mohit Burman. part owner of this struggling team. I-T raid conducted on Wednesday. who is married to Modi’s step-daughter Karima. 33 . while actor Juhi Chawla and the Sea Island Ltd (run by her husband Jay Mehta based in Mauritius) hold the remaining shares. Kolkata Knight Riders Owners: Knight Riders Sports Pvt Ltd. Actor Shilpa Shetty and her husband Raj Kundra also own about 12% stake. Ness Wadia of Bombay Dyeing. Chennai Super Kings Owners: India Cements are 100% stake holders in the franchise. The VC and MD of India Cements. Suresh Chellaram. Another major stakeholder is Blue Water Estate of Lachlan Murdoch (32%). Bollywood actor Preity Zinta and Colway Investment Ltd are the majority stake holders with 23% each. mobile and internet rights of IPL. N Srinivasan. who point out conflict of interest as he is also the secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India. the tax officials claim to have found some incriminating documents that will lead them to the source of funds from the Sea Island. it would be bound to provide information under the RTI and would also be forced to follow the anti-doping rules as specified by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This android is available for free online. Is it not obnoxious that BCCI is still exempted from tax on grounds of promoting cricket.a business model to make money by vile means IPL.IPL betting is rampant among Bangalore school students. threats from underworld. late night parties. The standing committee on Finance of the GOI has gone on record that money laundering is done through IPL . Every deal had an hidden agenda. Maken's own cabinet colleague Rajiv Shukla the present commissioner of IPL vehemently opposed the move. Proprieties were thrown to the wind deliberately. match fixing. Overseas funding through dubious deals.What is more disgusting is even franchisee's and umpires are involved in fixing matches. IT & ED raids. these youngsters were also enticed in to making quick money by the IPL . Children in Delhi's top school's were caught betting through bookies. Charges of kickback to Lalit Modi the brain behind IPL were all witnessed in the past . I thought IPL provided a platform for a huge number of young Indian talents who could not get a chance to prove.To get past the conflict of interest clause BCCI amended its rules for the convenience of its members who were involved in IPL. The new moral low is school students are involved in betting. circumventing rules to suit personal gains. Is the government silent because Rajiv Shukla the current Parliamentary affairs minister is the Chief commissioner of IPL ? ICC's Anti corruption and security Unit (ACSU) head warned as early as 2008 that IPL had great potential for betting led corruption. Principals of schools in Bangalore had to issue warning to students to stay away from IPL betting. nonpayment of taxes. Why is the government turning a blind eye to all these ? Why does BCCI resist the sports ministry's move to bring it under the ambits of RTI ? Former Sports Minister Ajay Maken tried his best to make BCCI a National Sports Federation. awarding contracts to close relatives without bids. garnering support for council meet by opponents. WB government gave relaxation of 35 lakhs entertainment tax to KKR in IPL5.BCCI is still a registered society under the Tamilnadu societies Registration Act. Rules were circumvented by BCCI. All these were done obviously for the high stakes involved in IPL. Even with all these aberrations.2 IPL .6. betting. but the government did not act. IPL is a commercial venture of the BCCI. It is unfortunate IPL has become a gambling den of huge proportions. failed bid documents disappearing from files. disclosing private mails to reveal mudslinging. Teenagers are fancied by this app .After seeing betting tips they first get in touch with punters . A new mobile phone app called 'bet-droid-viewer' helps students with betting rates among teams. embezzlement by those at the helm in IPL. Why does BCCI shy away from public scrutiny and accountability ? Maken recently tweeted "Any organization entrusted with job of selecting a National Team can not call itself a Private Body!" Powerful ministers like Sharad Pawar and Rajiv Shukla then made Maken redraft some provisions of the Sports bill intended to bring transparency in sports bodies . 34 .They in turn connect them with the bookies. If BCCI becomes an NSF. The report has highlighted financial irregularities of the IPL model.three years later IPL hits a new low with betting rackets across the nation leading to arrests of players and bookies . Now.Punters are cricket playing students of class 11 and 12 . There were startling revelations about involvement of two union ministers in the past and one of them had to resign on questions of propriety. It has all the ingredients of an Indian Masala movie. blasts engineered to shift venue of semi finals. BCCI amended their rules and bye-laws to suit those at the helm from time to time . But unfortunately.as the "Indian Preposterous League". What all had happened in IPL since its inception . 28 million.45 million. IPL committee and the government to clean up the IPL mess. 35 .81 million. I feel it is time for the BCCI. IPL management ties up with brands and also for media rights . Whether a team wins or losses the IPL franchisee earns money through sponsorships and jersey branding. KKR-$45 million approx. The SC has already pulled up BCCI and IPL for its languid approach in cleaning up the irregularities and spot fixing. RR-$27. But in the process he or she might have lost something which money can't buy. More appropriately the SC said "Save the gentleman's game".05 million. The root cause for all these evils is the greed for money. depending on the brand and number of sponsors. One might earn fast money through betting. MI -$ 44.The franchisee gets a share from this money.A franchise normally earns revenue from a portion of the Ticket sales. DD-$34.49 million. At the beginning of this season the estimated brand value of IPL teams were as follows . a cut from the broadcasting rights sold by the Board of Control for Cricket in India.Why would celebrities and corporates vie with each other to own an IPL team ? Because the franchisees earn huge money .22 million. Kings xI -$30.62 million. Sun Risers-$31. Sponsorships. This has emerged as the single largest source of revenue for a franchisee . RCB-$37. CSK -$45. As many as 10 to 18 brands are sponsored on jersey of IPL players. The net worth of each IPL team would give an idea why there is great demand for IPL team ownership. This money is much more than what they pay for the players cumulatively. Recent happenings reveal very clearly IPL is a business model to make money by vile means.78 million. PW-$29. owners of the Pune Warriors franchise. didn’t 36 .’ episode involving Harbhajan Singh and Sreesanth.  3 Rajasthan Royals players.  Pune Warriors Pull-out: Sahara India. Worst things first… Top cricket and business controversies IPL 6 Even as the Indian T20 league has fascinated viewers.6. India fast bowler Sreesanth and spinners Ankeet Chavan and Ajit Chandila were held by the cops for allegedly colluding with bookies to bowl badly in three games. Sahara had furnished a bank guarantee worth Rs 170. to furnish at the start of each season.3 The League of Legitimate Money & Illegitimate Controversies: IPL Cricket Facts. Statistics & Trends While IPL 6 continues to scale new records of viewership and ad revenue. Sreesanth however. it has had a few thorny issues too like spot-fixing.2 crore (approximately $30 million). came three years after it bought the Pune franchise for $370 million – the highest price paid for any of the IPL franchises. were arrested by the Delhi Police for spot-fixing. the BCCI waited till Sahara’s IPL 6 commitments were over and cashed the guarantee on May 20. under its contract. The decision. and later a fourth one (a former RR cricketer). its touched new heights in terms of scandals and controversies. This is the worst scandal to hit the league. The cause was the BCCI’s decision to cash the bank guarantee from Sahara that that it was obliged. twitter rants and sledge-fests. have pulled out of the IPL over financial differences with the BCCI stemming from the valuation of the annual franchise fee it has to pay.  Sreesanth’s Twitter (mis)adventure: The Virat-Gauti spat prompted the media to recall the 2008 ‘slapgate. In this case. Since the deadline for paying the franchise fees was May 2. which he later deleted. Reason? Warner’s picture was used along with the article. It didn’t look good and both were later warned by the BCCI.  First batsman in IPL to be run out ‘obstructing the field’: Kolkata Knight Riders’ Yusuf Pathan became the first batsman in the league to be run out ‘obstructing the field’ when he kicked the ball while trying to steal a quick single against the Pune Warriors. In a series of explosive tweets. He faces trouble now with Cricket Australia seeking an explanation and calling him for a hearing. Kohli and Gambhir got into a slanging match when Kohli had just been dismissed and was walking away. He called Bhajji a “back-stabber”. they had to be separated by others. It cost KKR the match and a berth in the playoffs. The third umpire ruled that Yusuf’s kick was a deliberate attempt to prevent the bowler (Wayne Parnell) from reaching the ball. Australian Media: Post the spot-fixing scandal. In the RCB vs KKR contest. and also state-mates. calling them all kinds of names. 37 . Dravid called it an “act of cowardice”.  David Warner Vs. it looks uglier. Warner attacked two Aussie journos on Twitter. an Australian journalist wrote a critical piece on the league which incensed David Warner. if they happen to Team India players. At one point. But he was driven up the wall when Mumbai Indians’ Kieron Pollard gave an aggressive send-off to RR’s Shane Watson after catching him.  Kohli Vs Gambhir: It’s never pleasant to see two players have a go at each other.  Rahul Dravid Vs Kieron Pollard: Rahul Dravid is the last person you would expect to use harsh words. he claimed that there was never a slap and that the BCCI had done a cover up job.find that funny. The viewership statistics and trends seen till the 38th match in IPL 6 2013 (which is fifty percent of the IPL6) are staggering.).  IPL online across both boxtv. which essentially means loss in traffic related to IPL keywords. Though the advertising revenues have caught on towards the second half. 38 . According to WAM data.  The hike in ad rates has led to speculation of MSM raking in ad revenues of above Rs 800 crore  With IPL being a highly evaluated property.com/indiatimes combined recorded a 52% growth viewership over 2012 (75.  The combined viewership of users watching highlights and clips saw a whopping 480% growth in watch hours over 2012. Though the online viewership for IPL6 has been steadily increasing.  Highlight and clips of Chris Gayle and Pollard seem to be attracting more netizens eyeball as the two together saw massive 480% growth in watch hours over 2012. its interesting to note that the television consumption for IPL has been gradually slipping. the starting ad rates were much lower than that of IPL 5 in 2012.2M vs 49.com & youtube.  In India Bangalore and Hyderabad lead the viewership with 14 % each while Delhi stood at 2 with 10% viewership.(The legitimate) Revenue and Soaring Viewership of IPL 6 Cricket season Though the IPL 6 have observed a setback due to some of the recent controversies. brands such as Godrej launched a series of new TVCs to create maximum buzz. Surprisingly. so much so that no other live event has ever created this kind of reach in India.3M last year. Though WAM data for April 30 (Day 28 of IPL) showed YouTube slipping next to Espn cricinfo. the revenue continues to paint a rosy picture. WAM data kept top five lists. IPL 6 2013 is here and a season of huge business spendings and earnings has begin.  100+ Brands: More than 100 brands riding the IPL 6 through direct advertising or sponsorships or innovative associations with teams. While the online viewership has been pegged at 52 per cent. Noida International University. Times Internet Limited. a rise of 56 percent in contrast of IPL-4 (2011) that had witnessed 72 million views. Live-In Jeans. Amity University. With DAS Phase 2 coming into force in Week 14 of 2013.  25%+ increase in advertising revenue for MSMPL.500 crore on Indian Premier League (IPL) Season 6 so far. Sheltrex. despite of lower rating on TV viewership. the drop in television viewership of IPL is also contributed by introduction of DAS. This includes big as well small and even local brands such as Raindrops basmati rice. which has impacted not just IPL ratings. there has been rampant switching off of analog signals across 38 cities. The Advertising and Sponsorships Business spendings of IPL 6 2013  Rs 1500+ Crores: Advertisers have bet more than Rs 1. Multi Screen Media Pvt Ltd (MSMPL) had managed to get only seven sponsors on board and clocked in over Rs 700 crore 39 . the television viewership has observed a sharp decline of around 13. Also the ongoing spot fixing controversy has dented the image of the property.  According to research experts. How were the viewerships trends during IPL 5 During the entire IPL 5 edition. Gilpin Travel Management and Sanskar School. but ratings of other channel as well. Last year. R N Sports. official online streamer in partnership with YouTube for IPL recorded around 113 million views.6 per cent as compared to last year’s numbers. back of the jersey. Cadburys. lead trousers and non-lead trousers. Garnier.through advertising. Pune Warriors. Havells and Godrej) and 90 per cent of its ad inventory is already sold and it is hopeful of closing the season with revenues in the excess of Rs 900 crore. MSM began by selling its inventory at around Rs 4-4. for instance. even newbies Sunrisers Hyderabad and Pune Warriors have their jerseys swamped with brand logos. This year.  GroupM is the country’s largest media buying house and has facilitated deals worth Rs 75 crore between various brands and IPL stakeholders. following their share in the central pool (includes media rights and the sponsorships that IPL management ties up with brands). right upper chest. Kingfisher.  Value at which new deals have been struck has gone up by almost 100%. The active spots referred to by Karnik include lead chest. the value at which new deals have been struck has gone up by almost 40 .5 lakh. non-lead arm. All of the six central sponsorships owned by the IPL management were up for renewal this year. Panasonic. Killer Jeans. on the front and the back of the helmet. different teams have tied up anywhere between Rs 25 crore and Rs 45 crore worth of sponsorship and partnership deals. but a new advertiser wanting to hop on to the network at this stage will have to shell out around Rs 5. Parle Foods. Sponsorships have emerged as the singlelargest source of revenue for IPL franchisees. Finolex. Manyavar and Live-In Jeans on board. Usha Appliances International. According to estimates gathered from franchisees. has its own brand Sahara. A similar prime-time TV spot on the most popular entertainment shows such as Bigg Boss or KBC costs around Rs 1-2. While the number of sponsors came down to five. Almost all of the old teams have close to 20 tie-ups with different brands. on cap.  Sponsorships the single-largest source of revenue. it has 11 sponsors (including Samsung. Sansui.5 lakh.5 lakh per 10 seconds. Lux Cozi among others while Sunrisers has got makemytrip. almost all franchisees have sold a minimum of 10 active spots on their players’ attire. lead arm. Karbonn Mobiles. Tata Photon. 7UP.  Branding on Jerseys: As for the teams. This year. Player Auctions and prices for IPL 6 2013 A total of 37 players were auctioned in IPL 6 2013 and the total amount spent on them is around a whopping $11. Royal Challengers Bangalore team to purchase most players in IPL 6 2013. Kane Richardson. Glenn Maxwell.100 per cent.$725.$700. Here is the list of top most expensive players and their final auction prices for IPL 6 2013 are as follows 1. While the most expensive player in IPL 6 Auction 2013 was Glenn Maxwell who went to Mumbai Indians for $1. Ajantha Mendis. the most expensive Indian player was Abhishek Nayar who was sold for $675.  Mumbai Indians.000.89 million.000. The other sponsors roped in by the IPL management include Vodafone.  Sunrisers Hyderabad raked at 2nd spot with purchase of 6 players.000 for Pune Warrior 3.6 crore per year for the next five years. Each of these is learnt to have bought the rights for around Rs 28-30 crore a year.$1.  Pune Warriors India purchased 4 players  Rajasthan Royals and Delhi Daredevils purchased 3 players  Kolkata Knight Riders and Kings XI Punjab purchased 2 players each. McDonald’s and Star India. The cola company is also the “pouring partner (essentially means the players will only drink PepsiCo products on the ground)” of eight teams.000 for Mumbai Indian 2. realty company DLF had signed a five-year title sponsorship deal with IPL for Rs 40 crore a year whereas new sponsor PepsiCo has picked up the tab for Rs 79.000. For instance.  With 7 players purchased. Chennai Super Kings purchased 5 players each.000 for Pune Warriors 41 . Yes Bank.000. 4.000 for Pune Warrior 6. Abhishek Nayar.$675.$625. Here is there official video of Sunrisers Hyderabad which will look to set a mark in their debut IPL season 42 . it’s the new kid on the block. Chris Morris -$625. Jaydev Unadkat. Thisara Perera.$675.000 for Royal Challengers Bangalore Well if Sunrisers Hyderabad does not sound familiar to you here.000 for Chennai Super King 8.$525.000 for Chennai Super Kings 9.000 for Kolkata Knight Rider 7. Dirk Nannes. Senanyake.$600.000 for Sunrisers Hyderabad 5. BEHIND THE SCENES 7. IPL . which has only 20% of ad inventory left currently.5 lakh for a tensecond ad spot. 43 .  The reduced rates had made the property attractive for many advertisers as brands made a comeback after having given the tournament a miss last year.1 There is a lot more of business happening behind the scenes  After receiving a fairly good response from advertisers for this year’s Indian Premier League (IPL6 ). may further hike rates if the tournament kicks off well. Multi Screen Media (MSM).7. up from Rs 750 crore it garnered last year.  MSM is looking to make Rs 950 crore in advertising revenue from IPL-6. has hiked its advertising rates by 10%  MSM had earlier lowered rates by 10-15 % for IPL-6 and was charging Rs 4.4.  MSM. the official broadcaster of the IPL. Berger Paints and Airtel.  Coca-Cola is planning a blitzkrieg of its own despite not being an official IPL sponsor. Sprite. Minute Maid Nimbu Fresh and Maaza along with its Thums Up brand ambassador Salman Khan launching a new game on the actor’s Facebook page. Times Internet Limited (TIL) in partnership with YouTube. Parle Agro. Usha Appliances. bagging pouring rights for eight of the teams and signing on as a presenting sponsor on MSM. The presenting sponsors PepsiCo and Vodafone have shelled out Rs 40-60 crore each while the associate sponsors like Tata Photon. Godrej. Panasonic.  MSM which will broadcast IPL on SET Max and Sony Six. In comparison with 72 million video views in 2011. The cola major will be seen on the telly with campaigns for brand Coke.  Soft drinks giant PepsiCo. Marico. 113 million video views were generated during 2012 IPL 5 season 44 . Havells and Parle Foods have paid Rs 25-30 crore each for being seen on television during IPL-6. Karbonn tablets.  Godrej will launch a brand new campaign with its new brand ambassador Aamir Khan during the 54-day Twenty20 tournament. Samsung Mobiles. Limca. will back this up with strategic and high-decibel marketing and activation plans. which is doling out huge moolah around the IPL having paid Rs 396 crore for title sponsorship. Cadbury.  IPL 5 2012 saw a 55 per cent increase in online viewership. has also struck large deals with CocaCola. Godrej will release as many as nine new ad films around the masterbrand Godrej. IPL Online Viewership Facts: Statistics & Trends on Digital IPL viewership  The 2012 IPL 5 matches were streamed online by IPL official partner. making it the highest single-day viewership during the entire season. Facts about the IPL Business Model: How a Franchise makes money A franchise normally earns revenue from  Ticket sales  Sponsorships  A cut from the broadcasting rights sold by the Board of Control for Cricket in India. What did the 2012 IPL 5 Victory mean for KKR (Money wise) Here are some real statistics about how the winner of IPL 5 benefits from the win and how it impacts the business and money it makes 45 . Video views from India showed a strong growth of over 87 per cent from the previous year standing at 80 million in 2012 compared to 43 million in 2011.  The final 2012 IPL 5 match on May 27 generated 7.5 million video views. Rs 700 and Rs 1. but they might ask more of new sponsors from next year. and KKR sold 40. KKR may also increase in sponsorship rates for next year. Birla Sun Life. Jacques Kallis. This year. revenue from ticket sales was bolstered by the Rs 35-lakh entertainment tax relaxation that KKR got from the state government.  Ticket Sales Money: KKR hosts teams at the 65. ensuring that the T20 cricket franchise was able to make profit this season. Coca-Cola. including Rs 50 crore for hiring players. Rose Valley.  Sporsorship Money: KKR. 46 . Concast Steel.500. the highest among all teams. this season. Royal Stag. The cost of a non-jersey partnership with KKR is Rs 60 lakh and a jersey sponsorship is upwards of Rs 1. Sunil Narine and Yusuf Pathan – alone cost KKR Rs 30 crore. After the win. Freecultr and The Telegraph. Also.000 tickets a game at denominations of Rs 300. Bisk Farm Biscuits. A lot of existing sponsors have contracts which have a mandatory 10 per cent cost increase clause in-built within the contracts. have 18 sponsors. Four players – Gautam Gambhir. DishTV. Eight matches were played at Eden Gardens. ITC Vivel. Emta.  The IPL 5 Winner’s Prize Money: When Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) beat two-time defending champion Chennai Super Kings to win their first ever title in the Indian Premier League (IPL) on Sunday night.5 crore. The IPL 5 Player costs: It is estimated KKR spent about Rs 100 crore. 10 corporate boxes costing Rs 10 lakh each were sold per game. but also pocketed Rs 10 crore in prize money. This year.000-capacity Eden Gardens. KKR made roughly Rs 35 crore from sponsorships. KKR’s sponsors include Nokia. Manyawar. the Knights not only shed their underachievers’ tag. ensuring that the KKR franchise’s value gets a major push.  For any team to gain in brand value. the issues around governance and controversies that surrounded KKR seem to have been sorted out. Also. making the playoffs for the first time in the past four seasons last year. marketing effectiveness.  KKR brand value can be considered to have more brand value since North. and governance. THE BUSINESS BENEFITS FOR SPONSORS  The instant brand recall that the jersey logo creates works out for Rose Valley Group which paid Rs 5 crore for a place on the KKR jersey. the team has never been known for its performance. three metrics have to be in place – core product quality or the quality of cricket played. Their win will change this. While KKR have consistently been a brand to reckon with. 47 . West and South have more than one team to support and the East has just KKR. This means as a brand. given Shah Rukh Khan’s star power and marketing prowess. KKR has a larger following than any other team.8.  The value of Chennai Super Kings – which won IPL for two consecutive years in 2010 and 2011 and were the finalists this year – was pegged at $75. were placed second. making them the most valuable team in the IPL.  Mukesh Ambani-owned Mumbai Indians.13 million.58 million  KKR were placed third at $57. However these ranking and value for each team were bound to change after KKR’s win in this 2012 IPL 48 .576 million. who have been consistent performers.How much does brand value matter ? Does it actually convert to money for an IPL Franchise ?  That performance is a key index to brand value is clear from last year’s team brand rankings. with a cumulative brand value of $63. the second edition is marred by allegations of Foreign Exchange violations. Kings XI co-owner Mohit Burman is beaten up by security guards on allegations of improper behaviour with a lady spectator. A sobbing Sreesanth is caught on camera. 49 . BCCI hands Harbhajan an 11-match suspension. Later the blogger reveals his identity and claims that everything in his blog was fictional. belonging to an influential industrialists’ family in South Africa. After investigations. IPL WITH CONTROVERSIES RIGHT FROM SEASON ONE All the IPL business and cricket controversies of previous IPL seasons: IPL 1 (2008) Mumbai Indians’ stand-in captain Harbhajan Singh slaps Kings XI Punjab’s S Sreesanth after losing a match in Mohali. The Enforcement Directorate one year later issues ‘Red Corner’ in the name of former IPL commissioner Modi. Sreesanth rakes up the issue in the ongoing edition only to be reprimanded. Shah Rukh Khan and John Buchanan’s decision of ‘Multiple Captaincy’ creates rifts in KKR team with anonymous blogger ‘Fake IPL Player’ creating a flutter. Junior foreign minister Shashi Tharoor resigns from his post after investigations reveals his role in bringing Kochi Tuskers Kerala on board with his then girlfriend Sunanda Pushkar also involved in dealings. IPL 3 (2010) The BCCI suspends Modi for misappropriation of funds.9. IPL 2 (2009) Shifted to South Africa due to general elections. Post fourth edition. The trio brought to Delhi and in Police custody 50 . Pune Warriors threatens to pull-out of IPL as BCCI doesn’t pay heed to their request for an additional foreign player as well as reducing the fee which would have been for 74 matches instead of 94. Life ban on Deccan Chargers pacer TP Sudhindra after being caught in a sting operation agreeing to spot-fix matches. Amit Yadav and Abhinav Bali receive one-year bans for unsubstantiated bragging. after they fail to pay the franchise fees. During IPL.IPL 4 (2011) Before the start of tournament. IPL 6 (2013) Delhi Police’s Special Cell arrests India pacer S Sreesanth. IPL 5 (2012) Before the scheduled auctions. There were discrepancies found out in their ownership patterns. domestic players Ajit Chandila and Ankeet Chavan who have allegedly spot-fixed three of Rajasthan Royals’ matches in the current edition of IPL. Pune players Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell caught in a rave party in Mumbai. Dispute settled out of court. Deccan Chargers scrapped from IPL after they fail to pay up franchisee fee to the BCCI. Their request for ‘Open Auction’ with no player retention is also rejected. Mohnish Mishra. Veteran UP pacer Shalabh Srivastava handed five-year ban on being caught agreeing to fix matches. Manish Pandey is banned by IPL governing Council for four matches as he indulges in underhand dealings with franchises — he would have got a fixed sum being an uncapped domestic Indian player. Kochi Tuskers Kerala are scrapped from the tournament. RCB cricketer Luke Pomersbach arrested by police for harassing NRI woman Zohal Hameed and bashing up his boyfriend. TV coverage. On every continent. Some of the fun-and-games.although something may also have been lost in the protracted transition.and explain.with all that is implied in terms of money. and the demands of a dozen different cultures.. Much has been gained. politics and chicanery.. it is how you play the game". Cricket is a major sport. especially outside Europe. Instead. this strange fact should tell us what cricket may mean to the world. let alone true freedom ! This can be dismissed as coincidence only by the most myopic of observers. What does endure is the character of a game that has survived the pressures of a millenium of change. the second-most popular sport in the world after soccer. or even the community recreation of 10th century Europe. and have survived more than two centuries of change. It is something that we.. the mystery.CONCLUSION No longer is cricket the bat-and-ball recreation of the countrysides of 7th century India. or even the sport of the 18th century "gentleman amateur"... it is the nations which have the strongest legacies of democracy and freedom that also play cricket ! And. This is 1998.phrases like these convey something of modern cricket's perennial spirit. of early cricket has survived into the late 20th century.. and have little room in their politics for democracy. "It is not whether you win or lose.. not to be questioned". ""It's not cricket". the hearty free-for-all of 16th century England. it is the non-cricketplaying countries which are typically totalitarian in character. Pakistan or Persia. as cricketers. 51 . and even the mayhem. And the codes of behavior instilled by the patriarchs of the modern sport in the 1780s can still be found in the style and nuances of today’s cricket."The Umpire's word is final. And now.. need to understand.. WEBLIIOGRAPHY WWW.COM WWW.GOOGLE.COM CRICUZZ 52 .ECONOMICSTIMES.