Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as amended (COLREG) (See more) Adoption: 20 October 1972 Entry into force: 15 July 1977 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO publication(s): • • International Conference on revision of the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972. Final Act of the Conference with attachments including the Text of the Adopted Convention, 1972. Sales numbers: IMCO.1973.1 (E/F), ISBN 92-801-0021-1. International Conference on revision of the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972. Final Act of the Conference, with attachments including the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1974. Reprinted 1984. Sales numbers: 73.01.E, ISBN 92801-1091-8. International Conference on revision of the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972. Final Act of the Conference, with attachments including the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972. 1990 edition. Sales numbers: 904 90.10.E, ISBN 92801-1263-5; IMO-903A, ISBN 92-801-5026-X; IMO-901F, ISBN 92-801-2262-2; 900 85.01.R, ISBN 92801-4048-5; IMO-905C, ISBN 92-801-6015X; IMO-902S, ISBN 92-801-3458-2. Incorporates 1981, 1987, 1989 amendments. A supplement for 1993 Amendments is included. COLREG: Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972. Consolidated edition 2003. English edition sales numbers: IB904E, ISBN 92-801-4167-8; Spanish edition sales number IB904S ISBN 92-801-0097-1. • • Note(s) verbale(s): A1/M/1.02 (NV.1) of 27 June 1973 (certified copy in E/F); A1/M/1.02 (NV.2) of 25 June 1973 (certified copy in E); A1/M/1.02 (NV.3) of 6 August 1973 (certified copy in S);A1/M/1.02 (NV.4) of 3 June 1974 (certified copy in R); A1/M/1.04 (NV.1) of 21 January 1974 (procès-verbal of rectification; A1/M/1.04// Circular letter No 807 of 24 February 1981 (procès-verbal of rectification to Spanish text); IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega; IMO CD/Res Other source(s): 1050 UNTS 16 (E/F) 28 UST 3459 TIAS 8587 JOF 8 Jul 77 54 Vert A711 Jackson III/11 4 Churchill 245 RMC I.3.250,II.3.250 Arroyo 1 Vol. II, Arroyo 3, p. 945 1977 RTAF 46 SATS 1977/1 p.1368 SD 21:96 1972 1976 NZTS 26 Burhenne 972:77 UKTS 77(1977) Cmnd 6962 SINGH 1983 I,3 Queneudec, 287 Rectification of 1.12.1973 of the Authentic text: 1143 UNTS 347 (E/F) 1981 amendments (general) Adoption: 19 November 1981 Entry into force: 1 June 1983 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO publication(s): • Resolutions and Decisions of the Assembly-12th session 1981 (resolutions 463–512). Sales numbers: 068 82.09.E ISBN 92-801-1147-7; 068 82.09.F ISBN 92-801-2118-9; 071 82.09.S ISBN 92-801-30854 IMO document(s): Resolution A.64(XII) Note(s) verbale(s): T2/3.02 (NV.3) of 8 May 1981 (proposed amendments); A1/C/4.02(NV.1) of 15 January 1982 (certified copies in E/F); A1/M/1.05 (NV.3) (erroneously typed as NV.2) of 30 September 1982 ) (procès-verbal of rectification to French text); A1/M/1.05(NV.5) of 31 March 1983 (procès-verbal of rectification to E/F; A1/M/1.05(NV.6) of 22 August 1983 (certified copy in S); A1/M/1.05//circular letter No 962/ of 2 December 1983 (procès-verbal of rectification to Spanish text) IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega; IMO CD/Res Other source(s): 1323 UNTS 353 (E/F)RMC II.3.250 1983 RTAF 31 61 Vert A798 Cmnd. 8500, 8846 1987 Amendment (general) Adoption: 19 November 1987 Entry into force: 19 November 1989 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO publication(s): TIAS 10672 1983 JOF 1698 UKTS 68 (1984) Cmnd. 9340 • Resolutions and Decisions of the Assembly-15th session 1987 (resolutions 596–635) Sales numbers: IMO–134A ISBN 92-801-5009-X; IMO–135C 92-801-6007-9 ; IMO–130E ISBN 92-801-1234-1 ; IMO– 131F ISBN 92-801-2188-X ; IMO–132R ISBN 92-801-4056-6; IMO–133S ISBN 92-801-3433-7 IMO document(s): Resolution A.626(15) Note(s) verbale(s): A1/M/1.06 (NV.1) of 15 April 1988 (certified copies in E/F);A1/M/1.06 (NV.2) of 29 April 1988 (certified copies in R/S) IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega; IMO CD/Res Other source(s): 1558 UNTS 436 (E/F)UKTS 7 (1996), Cm 1990 JOF 667 3139 1990 RTAF 9 RMC II.3.250 1989 Amendment (general) Adoption: 19 October 1989 Entry into force: 19 April 1991 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO publication(s): • Resolutions and Decisions of the Assembly-16th session 1989 (resolutions 636–679). Sales numbers: IMO-140A ; IMO–141C ISBN 92-801-6010-9; IMO–136E 92-801-1257-0; IMO–137F 92-801-2213-4; IMO–138R ISBN 92-801-4058-2; IMO–139S ISBN 92-801-3454-X IMO document(s): Resolution A.678(16) Note(s) verbale(s): A1/M/1.07 (NV.1) of 15 December 1989 (certified copies in E/F/R/S) IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega; IMO CD/Res Other source(s): RMC II.3.250 US DOS 91-96 CTIA 91(2):707 1992 JOF 4590 IMO– 181F 92-801-2257-6.09(NV. IMO–183S ISBN 92-801-3487-6. IMO–185C ISBN 92-801-6026-5. IMO document(s): Resolution A.08 (NV.1) of 17 June 2002. Certified copies (E/F) IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega. Cm 3140 1993 Amendment (general) Adoption: 4 November 1993 Entry into force: 4 November 1995 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO publication(s): • Resolutions and Decisions of the Assembly-18th session 1993 (resolutions 733–779) Sales numbers: IMO–184A ISBN 92-801-5057-X.736(18) Note(s) verbale(s): A1/M/1. 5471 SD 21:96 UKTS 9 (1996).1) of 24 January 1994 (certified copies in E/F/R/S) IMO electronic text(s): IMO Vega.910(22) Note(s) verbale(s): A1/M/1.1992 RTAF 14 (138) UKTS 8 (1996).3141 1979 No. IMO–180E 92-801-1312-7 .250 Cmnd.3. IMO CD/Res 1977 CanTS 45 TIAS 8587 2007 amendments Adoption : 29 November 2007 Entry into force: 1 December 2009 IMO Document: Assembly Resolution: A1004 (25) IMO electronic text(s): ): IMO-VEGA. IMO CD/Res Other source(s): 1050 UNTS 16 and 1143 346 (rectification) 1976 NZTS 26 (E/F) RMC II. 98 2001 Amendment (WIG craft provisions) Adoption: 29 November 2001 Entry into force: 29 November 2003 Authentic text: E/F Printed text(s): IMO document(s): Resolution A. 5. IMO–182R 92-801-4072-8. Act Cm. IMO-VEGA on the Web . ATS 1980 No. the risk of collision and the conduct of vessels operating in or near traffic separation schemes.Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility (Rules 4-10) Rule 6 .overtaking Rule 14 .Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32-37) Part E . Amendment procedure Under the "tacit acceptance" procedure incorporated in the Convention.General (Rules 1-3) Part B . an amendment must first be adopted by two-thirds of those present and voting in the Maritime Safety Committee. it automatically enters into force on a specified date . One of the most important innovations in the 1972 COLREGs was the recognition given to traffic separation schemes . The first such traffic separation scheme was established in the Dover Strait in 1967.inshore traffic zone The 1993 amendments .Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19) Section 1 .Rule 10 gives guidance in determining safe speed.Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18) Rule 13 .vessels in or near traffic separation schemes Section II .conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (Rule 19) Part C Lights and Shapes (Rules 20-31) Part D .Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.positioning of lights The 2001 amendments .head-on situationsSection III .crossing traffic lanes The 1989 amendments .WIG craft Introduction The 1972 Convention was designed to update and replace the Collision Regulations of 1960 which were adopted at the same time as the 1960 SOLAS Convention. It was operated on a voluntary basis at first but in 1971 the IMO Assembly adopted a resolution stating that that observance of all traffic separation schemes be made mandatory . 1972 (COLREGs) Adoption: 20 October 1972 Entry into force: 15 July 1977 Introduction Amendment procedure Technical provisionsPart A .safe speed Rule 10 .rule 10 amended The 1987 amendments .Exemptions (Rule 38) Annexes The 1981 amendments . If adopted by two-thirds of the States present and voting in the Assembly.and the COLREGs make this obligation clear. It is then communicated to Contracting Parties and considered by the IMO Assembly. additional signals for fishing vessels when operating in close proximity.Exemptions.The importance of using "all available means" is further stressed in Rule 7 covering risk of collision. It requires that: "Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed. especially scanty radar . a Conference for the purpose of revising the Convention or its regulations or both may be convened by IMO at the request of not less than one-third of Contracting Parties. Part A . which warns that "assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information.Steering and Sailing (Rules 4-19) Section 1 . Part C . Rule 2 covers the responsibility of the master. Rule 6 deals with safe speed. Part B.In addition.Sound and Light signals.General (Rules 1-3) Rule 1 states that the rules apply to all vessels upon the high seas and all waters connected to the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Technical provisions The COLREGs include 38 rules divided into five sections: Part A General.Steering and Sailing. Several of these refer specifically to vessels equipped with radar. Part D . and international distress signals.Lights and Shapes. and Part E .". Part B . The Rule describes the factors which should be taken into account in determining safe speed. owner and crew to comply with the rules.Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility (Rules 4-10) Rule 4 says the section applies in any condition of visibility... There are also four Annexes containing technical requirements concerning lights and shapes and their positioning.unless more than one third of the Contracting Parties notify the Organization of their objection. Rule 5 requires that "every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. Rule 3 includes definitions. sound signalling appliances. IMO is recognized as being the only organization competent to deal with international measures concerning the routeing of ships." The meaning "not to impede" was classified by an amendment to Rule 8 in 1987. Such vessel was obliged to fulfil this obligation also when taking avoiding action in accordance with the steering and sailing rules when risk of collision exists." The Rule also forbids ships to cross a narrow channel or fairway "if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. In Rule 9 a vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway is obliged to keep "as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. stressing that a vessel which was required not to impede the passage of another vessel should take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel. In other areas where such schemes did not exist the number of collisions rose sharply.information" Rule 8 covers action to be taken to avoid collision. A new paragraph (f) was added. This showed that between 1956 and 1960 there were 60 collisions in the Strait of Dover. Rule 10 of the Collision Regulations deals with the behaviour of vessels in or near traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization. this total was cut to only 16. New traffic separation schemes are introduced regularly and existing ones are amended when necessary to respond to changed traffic conditions. . twenty years later." The same Rule obliges a vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel not to impede the passage of a vessel "which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway. The effectiveness of traffic separation schemes can be judged from a study made by the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN) in 1981. By regulation 8 of Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) of SOLAS. following the introduction of traffic separation schemes. To enable this to be done as quickly as possible the MSC has been authorized to adopt and amend traffic separation schemes on behalf of the Organization. the overtaking vessel should keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. Rule 17 deals with the action of the stand-on vessel. In 1989 Regulation 10 was further amended to clarify the vessels which may use the "inshore traffic zone. including the provision that the stand-on vessel may "take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone as soon as it becomes apparent to her that ." This reduces confusion to other ships as to the crossing vessel's intentions and course and at the same time enables that vessel to cross the lane as quickly as possible. Rule 13covers overtaking ." Section II . Rule 12 states action to be taken when two sailing vessels are approaching one another.Rule 10 states that ships crossing traffic lanes are required to do so "as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow. Fishing vessels "shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane" but are not banned from fishing. Rule 14 deals with head-on situations. In 1987 the regulations were again amended. Crossing situations are covered by Rule 15 and action to be taken by the give-way vessel is laid down in Rule 16. Two new paragraphs were added to Rule 10 to exempt vessels which are restricted in their ability to manoeuvre "when engaged in an operation for the safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme" or when engaged in cable laying."In 1981 the regulations were amended.Conduct of vessels in sight of one another (Rules 11-18) Rule 11 says the section applies to vessels in sight of one another. It was stressed that Rule 10 applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization (IMO) and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule. It was also to clarify that if a vessel is obliged to cross traffic lanes it should do so as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of the traffic flow. This is in line with Rule 9 which states that "a vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway. Rule 25 covers light requirements for sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars. A vessel hearing fog signal of another vessel should reduce speed to a minimum. Rule 27 covers light requirements for vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre. Rule 24 covers lights for vessels towing and pushing. Rule 29 covers light requirements for pilot vessels. Rule 30 covers light requirements for vessels anchored and aground.indicating that lights should be visible at minimum ranges (in nautical miles) determined according to the type of vessel.conduct of vessels in restricted visibility (Rule 19) Rule 19 states every vessel should proceed at a safe speed adapted to prevailing circumstances and restricted visibility.Rule 21 gives definitions. Rule 22 covers visibility of lights . Section III .Rule 31 covers light requirements for seaplanes . Part C Lights and Shapes (Rules 20-31) Rule 20 states rules concerning lights apply from sunset to sunrise.the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action. A vessel detecting by radar another vessel should determine if there is risk of collision and if so take avoiding action. Rule 18 deals with responsibilities between vessels and includes requirements for vessels which shall keep out of the way of others. Rule 23 covers lights to be carried by power-driven vessels underway. Rule 28 covers light requirements for vessels constrained by their draught. Rule 26 covers light requirements for fishing vessels. and prolonged blast. Rule 37 covers distress signals.Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity Annex III .Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32-37) Rule 32 gives definitions of whistle. . short blast. A section on location signals from search and rescue radar transponders was added in 1993. Rule 34 covers manoeuvring and warning signals.Distress signals.Technical details of sounds signal appliances Annex IV . using whistle or lights. Annexes The COLREGs include four annexes: Annex I .Exemptions (Rule 38) Rule 38 says ships which comply with the 1960 Collision Regulations and were built or already under construction when the 1972 Collision Regulations entered into force may be exempted from some requirements for light and sound signals for specified periods. Rule 35 covers sound signals to be used in restricted visibility. Part E .Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes Annex II . which lists the signals indicating distress and need of assistance. Rule 33 says vessels 12 metres or more in length should carry a whistle and a bell and vessels 100 metres or more in length should carry in addition a gong.Part D . Annexes I and IV were amended in 1987 to clarify the positioning of certain lights carried on smaller vessels and to add "approved signals transmitted by radiocommunications systems" (ie distress alerts transmitted in the GMDSS). Rule 36 covers signals to be used to attract attention. to make it clear that any . to carry out these functions in traffic separation schemes. including rule 1(e) ? vessels of special construction: the amendment classifies the application of the Convention to such ships. The 1989 amendments Adoption: 19 October 1989 Entry into force: 19 April 1991 The amendment concerns Rule 10 and is designed to stop unnecessary use of the inshore traffic zone.The 1981 amendments Adoption: 19 November 1981 Entry into force: 1 June 1983 A number of rules are affected but perhaps the most important change concerns rule 10. The 1993 amendments Adoption: 4 November 1993 Entry into force: 4 November 1995 The amendments are mostly concerned with the positioning of lights. Rule 10(c) ? crossing traffic lanes.to provide the definition of wingin-ground (WIG) craft. The following are amended: • • General Definitions (Rule 3) . The 2001 amendments Adoption: 29 November 2001 Entry into force: 29 November 2003 The amendments include new rules relating to Wing-in Ground (WIG) craft. The 1987 amendments Adoption: 19 November 1987 Entry into force: 19 November 1989 The amendments affect several rules. Rule 3(h). which defines a vessel constrained by her draught. Action to avoid collision (Rule 8 (a)) . which has been amended to enable vessels carrying out various safety operations. such as dredging or surveying. In 1847 the United States Congress extended the light requirements to sailing vessels in United States waters.to include a requirement that WIG craft shall. and Technical details of sound signal appliances (Annex III) amendments with respect to whistles and bell or gong to cater for small vessels. However with the coming of steamships collisions became more frequent and this led to the gradual introduction of regulations.. Equipment for sound signals and sound signals in restricted visibility (Rules 33 and 35) . exhibit a highintensity all-round flashing red light when taking off. L.to cater for small vessels. This included the requirement of steamboats running between sunset and sunrise to carry one or more signal lights. 304). . landing and in-flight near the surface. On July 7. In 1846 the British passed a law that required steam vessels to pass port to port. Power-driven vessels underway (Rule 23) .to include a provision for WIG craft.to include a requirement that a WIG craft. Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes (Annex I) amendments with respect to high-speed craft (relating to the vertical separation of masthead lights). Seaplanes (Rule 31) . when taking off. In 1848 the British added the requirement for steam vessels to show red and green sidelights as well as a white masthead light. in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph 23 (a) of the Rule. that crossing vessels made course alterations to starboard and that sailing vessels on the port tack gave way to those on the starboard tack. shall keep clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation and also that a WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the Rules as for a power-driven vessel. visibility and location were not addressed. The colour. • History Until the beginning of the 19th century wooden sailing vessels were so slow that there was no need for much in the way of navigation rules.• • • • • action to avoid collision should be taken in accordance with the relevant rules in the COLREGs and to link Rule 8 with the other steering and sailing rules. 1838 the United States Congress passed a law to "provide better security of the lives of passengers on board of vessels propelled in whole or in part by steam" (5 Stat. Responsibilities between vessels (Rule 18) . landing and in flight near the surface. Certain individuals are legally required to . The 1910 Brussels Maritime Conference made some minor changes to the rules. there being a distinction made between these and inland rules.In 1858 the British and U. in 1864. was informally agreed by all maritime nations. The regulations have subsequently been revised in 1981. In 1863 the British and French implemented new and more comprehensive regulations. for the give way vessel not to cross ahead of the stand-on vessel and for the use of whistle signals to indicate course changes. The 1948 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Conference recommended a second masthead light for power drive vessels of 150 feet or more in length. This was adopted by the IMO member countries on 20 October 1972 and the regulations were brought into force on 15 July 1977. [ ] Summary of the rules edit The rules are specified in great detail in the regulations and the serious student is encouraged to seek the definitive document. for steamships to carry a second masthead light. In 1972 a completely re-organized and substantially modified set of navigation rules was passed by The Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 1989. known as the Articles. rather than the helm or tiller. In 1880 the Articles were supplemented by whistle signals to indicate actions to avoid collisions.S. Some of the provisions of these rules were that the overtaking vessel keeps clear of the overtaken and that the stand on vessel maintains its course. the U. [3] The regulations are made of five parts A-E and four annexes I-IV.S. There were few changes to the sailing rules but these rules only applied to the high seas. and more than 30 other countries adopted these international rules. a sternlight for almost all vessels and the use of five or more rapid blasts on the whistle as a wake up signal. The resulting Washington Conference Rules became effective in 1897. 1993 and 2001. In 1889 the first International Maritime Conference was held in Washington D. In 1960 the SOLAS Conference held in London included a section requiring early and substantial action to avoid a close quarters situation with a vessel detected forward of the beam in restricted visibility. 1987.S. In 1884 a new set of international regulations was implemented. The U. These rules became effective on 1 January 1954. These rules included a requirement for stand-on vessels to maintain speed as well as course. In 1935 the recommendation that the direction of turn should be made with reference to the rudder. The only whistle signal in these rules was for one every minute sounded in restricted visibility.C. introduced procedures for the use of whistle and fog signals. be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light. or by the special circumstances of the case. as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel. (b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads. 2. except where the context otherwise requires: . Any individual subject to such requirements should obtain a complete. These legal requirements vary by jurisdiction. 3. (c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights. so far as possible. which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances. master or crew thereof. lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels.carry or possess a copy of the rules. including the limitations of the vessels involved. from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen. Consult the appropriate maritime authorities for each jurisdiction. as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances. [edit] Part A . such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number. These additional station or signal lights. position. (b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. position. Responsibility (a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel. Application (a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. However. shape or signal authorised elsewhere under these Rules. (d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules. the rules are summarized below. (e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of any special construction or purpose cannot comply with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number. harbours. General Definitions For the purpose of these Rules. or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes. or the owner. official copy from a government or official source. shapes or whistle signals shall. shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy.General 1. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes. rivers. such as the owners and/or operators of certain vessels. trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability. used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. mist. surveying or underwater operations. (i) The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor. WIG craft and seaplanes. falling snow. • (ii) a vessel engaged in dredging. because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water.(a) The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft. servicing or picking up a navigation mark. (f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. if fitted. The term “vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre” shall include but not be limited to: (i) a vessel engaged in laying. (e) The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water. (c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery. heavy rainstorms. (g) The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. submarine cable or pipeline. • (iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft. or made fast to the shore. (k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other. (d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets. • (iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons. is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. • (h) The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power-driven vessel which. or aground. (b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery. including nondisplacement craft. . lines. (l) The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog. • (v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations. is not being used. but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability. sandstorms or any other similar causes. (j) The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. provisions or cargo while underway. • (vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. g. Application The rules apply in any visibility (e. range scale in use. Risk of Collision Vessels must use all available means to determine the risk of a collision. and use radar to judge the visibility is much accurate for objects nearby. Look-out Every vessel must at all times keep a proper look-out by sight (day shape or lights by eyes or visual aids). Narrow channels A vessel proceeding along a narrow channel must keep to starboard. her maneovability (e. 5. Radar. (e. If the distance of any vessel is reduced and her compass bearing does not change much or a large vessel or towing vessel at close distance or if in doubt. stopping distance and turning circles) and draft in relation with the available water).. • • . Small vessels or sailing vessels must not impede (larger) vessels which can navigate only within a narrow channel. in its main operational mode. flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action.(m) The term “Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft which. 8. 7. targets density and movement. GMDSS. in sight or in restricted visibility). AIS). weather and other interference. When radar is in use. ARPA.) in order to judge if risk of collision exists.g. risk of collision shall be deemed to exist. Safe speed Any vessel must proceed at a safe speed.g.Steering and sailing [edit] Section I (for any visibility) 4. ARPA. traffic condition. 6. Action to avoid collision Actions taken to avoid collision should be: • • • positive obvious made in good time 9. • Ships must not cross a channel if to do so would impede another vessel which can navigate only within that channel. AIS. background lights. weak targets.g. which she can to take action to avoid collision and able to stop within the distance for the prevailing conditions (including the visibility. including the use of radar (if available) to get early warning of the risk of collision by radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. hearing (sound signal or Marine VHF radio) and all available means (e.. [edit] Part B . also consider if there is any limitions of the equipment. weather. When each has the wind on a different side. o CBD a vessel constrained by draft o RAM a vessel restricted in ability to maneuver.e. 18. Traffic separation schemes Ships must cross traffic lanes steering a course "as nearly as practicable" at right angles to the direction of traffic. If a vessel. with the wind on the port side. they must give way. Crossing situations When two power-driven vessels are crossing. an overtaking vessel must keep well clear of the vessel being overtaken. Head-on situations When two power-driven vessels are meeting head-on both must alter course to starboard so that they pass on the port side of the other.10. The give-way vessel The give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep well clear. [edit] Section II (for vessels in sight of one another) 11. Sailing vessels Two sailing vessels approaching one another must give-way as follows: gives way to Starboard. • Unsure port gives way. Responsibilities Between Vessels Except in narrow channels. the vessel which is windward must give way to the vessel which is leeward. the vessel which has the wind to port must give way. This reduces confusion and enables that vessel to cross the lane as quickly as possible. 14. see Section III) 12. A sailing vessel must give way to: . 17 The stand-on vessel The stand-on vessel may take action to avoid collision if it becomes clear that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. (Section II does not apply if in restricted visibility. and when overtaking (i. 10. o Sail a sailing vessel. traffic schemes. sections I and II. Overtaking Notwithstanding anything contained in part B. o Fish a vessel engaged in fishing. • Windward gives way to leeward. the vessel which has the other on the starboard side must give way. 16. sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side. 15. Application The following rules 11-18 applies to vessels in sight of one another. rules 9. and 13) • • A power-driven vessel must give way to: o NUC a vessel not under command. • Port 13. When both have the wind on the same side. exhibiting the signals in Rule 28. any change of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam should be avoided except for a vessel being overtaken (e. Narrow Channel & 10.risk of collision. TSS) for the visibility condition. 8. if the circumstances of the case admit. • A vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate with particular caution having full regard to her special condition. however.NUC a vessel not under command. any change of course toward a vessel abeam or abaft the beam should be avoided. 6.action to avoid collision. • A seaplane on the water shall. 2. Restricted visibility (a) Rule 19 applies to vessels (not in sight of one another) in or near of restricted visibility waters. in general. • Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver shall. determined by radar plot). so far as possible.safe speed.g. Rule 5. o CBD a vessel constrained by draft o RAM a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.lookout. when hear any unknown fog signal of another vessel apparently forward should reduce the speed to minimum or make all way off (stop all water speed by astern engine) and navigate with extreme caution unless risk of collision not exist (e. (d) Take early and substantial action to avoid collision if detecting another vessel by use radar alone (not in sight). 7. • A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall. [edit] Section III (for restricted visibility) 19.g. keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. where risk of collision exists. . A power-driven vessel shall put her engine(s) on stand-by for immediate use or stop (particularly for a large ocean going vessel may take long time to get her engine ready to use). she shall comply with the Rules of this Part. 9. o o o o f) i) A WIG craft when taking off.g. keep out of the way of: o NUC a vessel not under command. (c) All ships shall comply with the Section I of this Part (e. (b) All ships shall procede at a safe speed for the condition of visibility (see Rule 6). Fish a vessel engaged in fishing. CBD a vessel constrained by draft RAM a vessel restricted in ability to maneuver. avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draft. but:1. In circumstances. landing and in flight near the surface shall keep well clear of all other vessels and avoid impeding their navigation ii) A WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the rules of this part as a power driven vessel. 6 nautical miles. switch on appropriate sound signal (it is important as some other vessel may not have radar too and may not able to detect your vessel. get your engine ready to stop any time and reduce to safe speed in according to rule 6 at least you could stop or turn your vessel (refer to your stopping distance and advance distance of turning cicles) within half of the distance of the visibility in busy water as some small boats may not have radar. Definitions Gives definitions for various types of light. .m.m. take early action to stop or alter course and keep passing other vessels at safe distance (a few minutes and few hundred meters before collision and too close to take action is not safe enough even you are small vessel as the collision avoiding action of other large vessels may be delayed as their manoevability is very slow of their size). hearing and plot all radar radar targets. Application Rules concerning lights apply from sunset to sunrise.5 n. • In vessels of 50 metres (164 ft) or more in length: o a masthead light. the radar (anti-clutter rain. of fog signal) area of fog. stop your vessel when you hear any fog signal and avoid alter course to port if intention of target on radar is not known forward the beam of your vessel.determined by radar plot. 22. [edit] Part C . Visibility of lights Lights must be visible as follows. turn on appropriate navigaational lights. they may not be detected by radar and the audible range of their fog signal may be less than 0. it is advisable to anchor or stay away from busy shipping route for small boats without properly use of radar).Lights and shapes 20. (even small targets as they may not be apprent to you when small change of course and speed). 21. especially for small vessel as many collisions in fog because of vessel not giving sound signal. but aware of small crafts may not able be detected or mis-identified in busy waters). heavy rain or other causes of restricted visiblity. General requirement and application of this rule: when a vessel navigating or under way at sea inside or nearby (within audible range 1 to 2 n. sea and range scale) should be properly adjusted to the condition of visibility and your speed. 'Sidelights' means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side. keep proper lookout by sight. 2 miles. o a masthead light. red. a white. 8 mph) may display only an all-round white light.• • a sidelight. instead of the masthead(s) prescribed in Rule 23. • A power-driven vessel of less than 12 metres (39. o a white. • A hovercraft must also display an all-round flashing yellow light. they count together as a power driven vessel and must show the light prescribed by Rule 23. then also a second masthead light aft and higher than the forward one. 2 miles. • . o a sternlight. o o o [1] 23. In vessels between 12–50 metres (39–164 ft) in length. o If over 50 metres (164 ft) length. green or yellow all-around light. • if a pushing vessel and the vessel it is pushing are rigidly connected. 2 miles. o a sternlight. green or yellow all-around light. o a white. a towing light. red. 2 miles. • A wing-in-ground craft must also display a bright all-round flashing red light when taking off. green or yellow all-round light. for vessel longer than 20 metres (66 ft). red. 2 miles. • A power-driven vessel of less than 7 metres (23. o a towing light. 3 miles. o sidelights. Lights for vessels towing and pushing A power driven vessel when towing must show o two masthead lights on top of each other. or flying near the surface. 2 miles. o a sternlight. 3 miles. Lights displayed by power-driven vessels underway A power-driven vessel underway must display: o a masthead light forward.0 ft) whose maximum speed does not exceed 7 knots (13 km/h. 1 mile. o a towing light vertically above the sternlight. for vessel shorter than 20 metres (66 ft). 3 miles. o a sidelight.4 ft) may display only an all-round white light and sidelights. o a diamond shape if the tow is longer than 200 metres (656 ft). landing. o sidelights. o a sidelight. 3 miles . • 24. In vessels less than 12 metres (39 ft) in length: o a masthead light. 5 miles. then in a series of such all round white lights spaced no further than 100 metres (328 ft) apart. o a diamond shape near the end of the last vessel. and o a vessel being pushed ahead must show sidelights at its forward end if it is not part of a composite unit. o If the towing vessel is not normally engaged in towing operations and it is impractical to light it correctly. o if it is wider than 25 metres (82 ft). in particular the towline should be illuminated. o a sternlight. • Vessels being towed that are not inconspicuous or partly submerged must show: o sidelights. Lights for sailing and rowing vessels .If the pushing vessel and vessel being pushed are not rigidly connected. then also two all round white lights at the extremities of its breadth. all possible measures must be taken to light the vessel and indicate its presence. they must instead show: o two masthead lights on top of each other. All possible measures must be taken to show that it is towing. o a diamond shape if the tow is longer than 200 metres (656 ft). o a sternlight. • Power driven vessels larger than 50 metres (164 ft) which are towing or pushing and are not part of a composite unit must also show: o a second masthead abaft of and higher than the forward one (vessels smaller than 50 metres may also show this light). another diamond shape as far forward as possible. • A vessel being towed that are inconspicuous or partly submerged must show: o if it is narrower than 25 metres (82 ft). • 25. o a vessel being towed alongside must show a sternlight and sidelights at its forward end. • Any number of vessels being towed or pushed together shall be lit as one vessel. it is not obliged to show these lights if it is towing a vessel in distress or in need of assistance. o If for any reason it is not possible to light the vessel according to these rules. one all-round white light near the forward end (except if it is a dracone) and one near the after end. o sidelights. if the tow is longer than 200 metres (656 ft). instead of the masthead(s) prescribed in Rule 23. and. o if it is longer than 100 metres (328 ft). (b) A vessel when engaged in trawling. but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule. (c) A vessel engaged in fishing. . two all-round lights in a vertical line. two all-round lights in a vertical line. but if she does not. the upper being green and the lower white. shall exhibit: 1. (b) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 metres (66 ft) in length the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be seen. whether underway or at anchor. in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph. the upper being red and the lower white. when making way through the water. shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. a sternlight. exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule. she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.0 ft) in length shall. A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this Rule for sailing vessels. Lights for fishing vessels Fishing Vessels (a) A vessel engaged in fishing. (c) A sailing vessel underway may. 2. other than trawling. apex downwards. A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres (23. 3. sidelights and a sternlight. a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light. where they can best be seen. 2. if practicable. or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other. exhibit at or near the top of the mast. (e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape. sidelights. but if she does not. by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance. two all-round lights in a vertical line. in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. the upper being red and the lower green. or a shape consisting of two cones with apexes together in a vertical line one above the other. (d) 1. 26. a vessel of less than 50 metres (164 ft) in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so. she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars (a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit: 1. 2. shall exhibit: 1. when an obstruction exists. 3. The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the middle one a diamond. (b) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre. exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (b)(i) and (ii) of this Rule. sidelights and a sternlight. 3. two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to indicate the side on which the obstruction exists. the light. (d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations. two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass. shall exhibit: 1. shall exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (b)(i). (d) The additional signals described in Annex II to these Regulations apply to a vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels engaged in fishing. three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. when restricted in her ability to manoeuvre. two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white. the following shall be exhibited: . 3. the lights or shapes prescribed in this paragraph instead of the lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. (e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in this Rule. 27. in addition to the lights prescribed in sub-paragraph (i). 2. when at anchor. when at anchor. sidelights and a sternlight. but only those prescribed for a vessel of her length.2. three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. lights or shape prescribed in Rule 30. (c) A power-driven vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course shall. (ii) and (iii) of this Rule and shall in addition. 3. an all-round white light or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear. in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii). Lights for vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre Vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre (a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit: 1. when making way through the water. when making way through the water. when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel. in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph. when making way through the water. exhibit: 1. two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. sidelights and a sternlight. except a vessel engaged in mine-clearance operations. 2. 2. 4. (e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in paragraph (d) of this Rule. in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 24(a). in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph. a masthead light or lights. Definitions of whistle short blast (1 second) . Distress signals [edit] Part E . These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous for another vessel to approach within 1.Sound and light signals 32. Measures shall be taken to ensure its all-round visibility.Exemption 38. shall not be required to exhibit the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. a horn serves the purpose of a whistle. Lights for seaplanes [edit] Part D . (h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. 36. One of these lights or shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end of the fore yard. using whistle or lights (summary chart) The signals are used when vessels are in sight of one another 35.000 metres (0. (f) A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations shall in addition to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23 or to the lights or shape prescribed for a vessel at anchor in Rule 30 as appropriate. an all-round white light • 31. Equipment Vessels 12 metres (39. three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen. and prolonged blast (4-6 seconds). Manoeuvring and warning signals.3 ft) in height. 28. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and the middle light shall be white. Such signals are contained in Annex IV to these Regulations. (g) Vessels of less than 12 metres (39.4 ft) in length. Lights for vessels anchored and aground A vessel at anchor must display an all-round white light or one ball and at the stern and at a lower level than the first light. 33. except those engaged in diving operations. a rigid replica of the International Code flag "A" not less than 1 metre (3. Sound signals to be used in restricted visibility (summary chart) The signals are used when vessels are in restricted visibility. 2.62 mi) of the mine clearance vessel. Signals to be used to attract attention 37. On many vessels. Lights for pilot vessels 30.4 ft) or more in length should carry a whistle and a bell and vessels 100 metres (328 ft) or more in length should carry in addition a gong.1. exhibit three all-round green lights or three balls. Exemption . 34. Lights for vessels constrained by their draught 29. Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity ANNEX III . (SOS) in the Morse Code. (c) The repositioning of lights as a result of conversion from Imperial to metric units and rounding off measurement figures. . (c) rockets or shells.Technical details of sound signal appliances ANNEX IV . The following signals.Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes ANNEX II . until 4 years after the date of entry into force of these regulations. until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. . (d) (i) The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of less than 150 meters in length. . (h) The repositioning of all-round lights resulting from the prescription of Section 9(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. (d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling method consisting of the group . . (b) The installation of lights with color specifications as prescribed in Section 7 of Annex I to these Regulations. permanent exemption. throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals. used or exhibited either together or separately. the keel of which is laid or is at a corresponding stage of construction before the entry into force of these Regulations may be exempted from compliance therewith as follows: (a) The installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22. . (f) the International Code Signal of distress indicated by NC. until 4 years after the entry into force of these Regulations.Distress signals 1. (b) a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus. resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I to these regulations. until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. permanent exemption. (f) The repositioning of sidelights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2(g) and 3(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. The repositioning of masthead lights on vessels of 150 meters or more in length. — — — . until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. [edit] ANNEXES ANNEX I . (e) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word “Mayday”.Any vessel (or class of vessel) provided that she complies with the requirements of the International Regulations for the Preventing of Collisions at Sea. (ii). (g) The requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in Annex II to these Regulations. resulting from the prescriptions of Section 3 (a) of Annex I to these regulations. indicate distress and need of assistance: (a) a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute. (e) The repositioning of masthead lights resulting from the prescriptions of Section 2(b) of Annex I to these Regulations. until 9 years after the date of entry into force of these Regulations. permanent exemption. 1960. . (see GMDSS) (n) approved signals transmitted by radiocommunication systems. Attention is drawn to the relevant sections of the International Code of Signals.(g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball. the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual and the following signals. (b) a dye marker. 3. (m) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beacons. (a) a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air). (l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal. (i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand flare showing a red light. (k) slowly and repeatedly raising and lowering arms outstretched to each side. (j) a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smoke. including survival craft radar transponders. (see GMDSS) 2. oil barrel. (h) flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel. The use or exhibition of any of the foregoing signals except for the purpose of indicating distress and need of assistance and the use of other signals which may be confused with any of the above signals is prohibited. etc).