Contents of Physical Pharmacy

T231-Physical Pharmaceutics I (Theory) (3Hrs/week) Section-I TOPICS 1. States of Matter: A.Gases and liquid: Introduction: Kinetic Molecular Theory.Real gases & Ideal gases : Deviation from gas theory, effects of temperature and pressure compressibility factor; Critical phenomenon, Critical constant and their determination; Vander waals equation and critical state, correction for pressure and volume, law of corresponding states (Equation only, no derivation), liquefaction of gases, Faradays method, Lindes process. Claudes process. Aerosols: - Introduction, Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications, Classification. Brief explanation of Propellants & their classes.{No discussion about nomenclature of Propellants}Application of liquefaction to aerosols i.e. principle of aerosols, mechanism of working of aerosols, Two & Three Phase systems. B. Solids Types of solids, Crystallization , Definition of Habit, Faces of crystal, method of crystal analysis (X-ray crystallography) ,Braggs equation its derivation. Braggs method and powder method; Polymorphism: Defination, Enantiotropy & Monotropy, examples and its application to pharmacy, mention different detection techniques only. NOTE:- Problems only using Bragges equation to calculate ‘d’ and ‘n’. 2. Thermodynamics: Introduction, definition, limitations, Thermodynamic terms & basic concepts, Homogeneous & heterogeneous systems, Types of Thermodynamic systems{like Isolated, Closed & Open system}, Intensive & Extensive properties, Thermodynamic processes{like Isothermal, Adiabatic, Isobaric, Isochoric & Cyclic processes}. First law of thermodynamics: Various forms of first law & its significance, Concept of reversible & irreversible processes, enthalpy. Introduction to exothermic & endothermic reactions, heat of reaction, heat of formation, heat of combustion, Hesses law of constant heat summation & its applications; Second law of thermodynamic: Introduction; Third law of thermodynamics: Introduction, concept of Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy. Statement of Zeroth law. NOTE:- No Derivations only equations. 3. Diffusion and Dissolution: A. Diffusion: 05 Introduction, Definition, related phenomenon like Dialysis, osmosis, ultrafiltration; Applications of diffusion, terms used in diffusion{like steady , non steady state & sink condition}. Ficks first law of diffusion: flux, statement, mathematical equation, Applications. Ficks second law of diffusion: statement, mathematical equation. Diffusion cells: Simple diffusion cell – Apparatus & measurement of diffusion. Brief explanation of Horizontal & vertical type cells. B.Dissolution: Introduction, Definition, Applications of dissolution, Noyes and Whitney equation. Dissolution studies apparatus {Rotating basket & Paddle type only}. Powder dissolution- Hixson – Crowell cube root law. SECTION II Topics 4. Complexation: Introduction, Applications of complexation in pharmacy & medicine. Classification of complexes, methods of preparation & analysis. 5. Solution of Non Electrolytes: Properties and types of solutions, Ideal & real solution, Escaping tendency, Raoults law and deviation from it, Henrys law, Boiling point diagram, Azeotrops; Colligative properties: Lowering of vapor pressure- methods to study{like Manometric, Isopestic, Hill blades apparatus, Osmometer}, Elevation of boiling point- methods to study{like Landsberger- Walker & Cottrells method}, depression of freezing point methods to study{like Beckman’s & Rast’s camphor method}, Osmotic pressure: semipermiable membrane and osmotic pressure, measurement of osmotic pressure{like Pfeffers, Berkeley & Hartley’s method, modern osmometer}, Brief explanation of isotonic solution, Van’Hoff & Morse equation for osmotic pressure. NOTE:- Problems for determination of molecular weight based on above colligative properties. 6.Solution of Eectrolyte: Electrolysis, Faradays laws of electrolysis:- First law- Statement, mathematical equation, Second lawStatement, mathematical equation, Conductance: Equivalent and specific conductance, conductometric titrations, conductance and degree of dilution, Colligative properties of solution of electrolyte, Arrhenius theory and Debye- Huckel theory. 7. Solubility and Distribution Phenomenon: General principles, types of solvent, solubility of gases in liquids, effect of temperature, pressure, chemical reaction and salting out of gases, solubility of liquids in liquids, solubility of salts: solubility of slightly soluble electrolyte, solubility of weak electrolyte- influence of pH, influence of solvent, combine influence of pH and solvents, , influence of surfactants: Distribution coefficient{Nernst coefficient}, True and Apparent Distribution Phase rule – 1 component system{water}; co-solvency. 03 Hrs 05 03 06 Hrs. 04 08 05 06 1 Books Recommended: 1. Martin, Swarbrick2. C.V.S. Subrahmanyam3. Glasstone and Lewis 4. Maron S. and Pruton 5. Alfonso R. Gennaro, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Lachman and Liebermann Bahl and Tuli Eugene Parrott E A Rawling Grudeep Raj Physical pharmacy Text Book of Physical Pharmaceutics, IInd edition, Vallabh Prakashan. Elements of physical chemistry Physical chemistry Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Mack Publishing Co.) Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy Physical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Technology Bentleys Text book of Pharmaceutics Advanced Physical chemistry 2 ) a) Determination of partition coefficient of iodine between carbon tetrachloride and water b) Determination of partition coefficient of benzoic acid between water and benzene 5. Madras.V. N. Nirali Prakashan-A Hand Book of Practical Physical Pharmacy & Physical Pharmaceutics 6. S.Vijaya Raghavan -. Determination of molecular weight of a substance by Rast camphor method* 2. Distribution coefficient **( any two expt. ** Indicate Major experiments Scheme for practical Examination Sr.B. Hadkar. Determination of density/ Specific gravity of given liquids*( any two expt. – Practical Pharmaceutical Technology C.No.) a) Determination of normality of a given acid by conductometric titration b) Verification of Oswald’s dilution law 4. K. Swarbrick and Commarata– Physical Pharmacy Dr. Diffusion from an uncoated tablet using simple diffusion cell/ Demonstration of diffusion cell * 7. Subrahmanyam & S. Martin. Conductivity-* ( any two expt.) 3. 3. U. Determination of critical solution temperature of phenol-water system** 6. 5. Laddha– Practical Physical pharmacy Engeen Parrot. Laboratory manual of Physical Pharmacy (Vallabh Prakashan). 1 2 3 4 5 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Journal & Attendance Total Duration Sessional 05 07 04 04 10 30 03 Hrs Annual 10 35 15 10 70 4 Hrs 3 . Vasantharaju –.G. U. New Century Book House(P) Ltd..Hadkar. 4. 2. C. B.P231-Physical Pharmaceutics I (Practical) 1. T. Vasudevan.A Practical Hand Book of Physical Pharmaceutics. To determine solubility of drugs substances** * Indicate minar experiments Books : 1.S. Organic Chemistry – Crem and Hammered. Pyrimidine.P. of India. Pyran. 3rd Edition (1985). 10. Jerry and March. inductive effect and resonance. 6. 9.Alinger.A. Alkyl and Aryl halides. Isoxazole. J. Ethers & Epoxides. R. Boyd. 5. Thiazole. I. Graham Solomons Fundamentals of organic chemistry John wiley & Sons Inc. New Delhi. Benzoxazole. Pyrazine.S. Benzodiazepine. Pyrrole. Cava.M. 1996 Govt.T232 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry–II : Theory Duration: 4 h/week Sr. Alkynes. 4 . 11. Organic chemistry. the 4th Edition (1996). U. Isothiazole. Alcohols. Ministry of Health. Kinetics & Thermodyanamics of chemical reactions Factors affecting electron availability in bonds and at individual atomselectronegativity. Pyridine. Carbonanions. Carbenes Energy Profile Diagrams. tautomerim. Carbazole. Cram and D. conjugated dienes).J. I. Organic Chemistry. Section II Preparation and Chemical Reactions( including mechanisms and stereochemistry) of follwing classes Aldehyde & Ketones (Cannizarro’s reaction. Carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives Preparation and Chemical Reactions( including mechanisms and stereochemistry) of follwing classes (aliphatic and aromatic) of organic compounds-II: Amines(including Hinsberg reaction)Phenols. Isoquinoline and Naphthalene Reactions involving chiral centre and Resolution of Racemic mixtures Total hours Allotted number of Lectures 06 2 3 06 08 4a 10 4b 08 5 16 6 06 60 Books Recommended 1. Brown Organic Chemistry. Oxazole. Advanced Organic Chemistry. Alkenes. Ltd. 1 Name of the Chapter a) Classes of Reactions: Nucleophilic and Electrophilic reactions. theories of acidity and basicity. Oppenaur oxidation. Cram Organic Chemistry. Indole(Fischer-Indole synthesis).W. T. prentice Hall of India Pvt. Imidazole. 4. MPV reduction). polar effects: inductive and resonance effects Preparation and Chemical Reactions( including mechanisms and stereochemistry) of follwing classes (aliphatic and aromatic) of organic compounds-I: Hydrocarbons (Alkanes. 3. Benzimidazole. Morrison and R. Free radical reactions b) Concept and types of tatumorism Transient Reaction intermediates: Carbocations. concept of aromaticity. 12. Pine Hendrickson. New Delhi. Oxazine. Quinoline(Skraup synthesis). 13. No. 2. Benzopyran. Bentley and driver’s textbook of Pharmaceutical chemistry. Wiley Eastern Limited. 8. Dejongh Organic Chemistry – Neckers and Doyle Problems and Exercises in Organic Chemistry – Agronnonov etal Organic Chemistry – Streit weiser and Health Cock. Final organic chemistry the fundamentals of chemistry. Furan (Paal-Knor furan synthesis) and Thiophene. Aldol’s condensation. L. 7. I. of India. Saunders.No. London 2.I. 5. Stanlake.** 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) Phenols Amides Carbohydrates Amines Carboxylic Acid Aldehydes & ketones Alcohols Esters Hydrocarbons Amides Nitro Compounds II. Text Book of Practical organic chemistry by A. 4. Syntheisis of quinoline (skraup method) Minimum 14 experiments should covered * Indicate minor experiments Books Recommended 1. London Scheme for practical Examination Sr. Benzylic acid form Benzoin c. ELBS Longmann.I Vogel Part III – quantitative organic analysis. 1 2 3 4 5 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Journal & Attendance Total Duration Sessional 05 07 04 04 10 30 03 Hrs Annual 10 35 15 10 70 4 Hrs ** Indicate Major experiments 5 .P. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry vol I and II by Beckett and J. Practical organic chemistry by F.C. a. Stahlone Press of University of London. Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following classes by systematic qualitative analysis including preparation of derivatives.C. 1985 and 1966 Govt. Benzanilide form Benzinidyzole d. ELBS Longmann. Mann and B. London 3. p-ditroaniline form acetanilide b.B. Vogel ELBS Longmann. Introduction to the various laboratory technique involving synthesis of the following compounds* 1) Acetanilide/Aspirin (acetylation) 2) Benzanilide/phenylbenzoate (Benzoylation) 3) Benzoic acid/salicylic acid (hydrolysis of ester) 4) Benzophenone oxime (oxime formation) 5) Synthesis/preparation involving more than one step.P232 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry –II (Practical) (3hrs/Week) I. 4th Edition 1996. Elementary practical organic chemistry – A. Ministry of Health 3rd Edition 1985. and DTA. 6. Section II Electrochemical Analysis: a. Instrumentation and Applications . Connors 12. e. Theory. d. Potentiometry: Types of electrodes. International pharmacopoeia 2. examples . Conductometry: Principles. Theory. Principles of instrumental analysis.A.BP. Amperometry: Principles. Theory. Instrumental methods of analysis. measurement of potential. Types of conduct metric titrations. Thermal Analysis: Introduction. Instrumentation and Applications. Karl Fisher titration : Introduction . Vogel textbook of quantitative chemical analysis 9. Instrumentation and Applications. 11. Measurement of pH Types of potentiometric metric titrations . Instrumentation and Applications. European Pharmacopoeia. instrumentation and applications Total no of lectures Hours 03 04 04 03 08 6.Garrat 5.Chatwal and Aanand 6 . Nephelo-turbidimetry: Principles.T233 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –II 4hrs /wk Section-I Sr. Instrumentation and Applications . c. Textbook of Pharmaceutical analysis. Theory. USP.Skoog 8.Willard. IP. Books Recommended: 1. Instrumental methods of analysis.garry Chrisian 7. Applications of TG. Instrumental methods of analysis-Ewing. The quantitative analysis of drugs. b. Theory. principle. Dean 10. no 1 2 3 4 5 Topic Section – I Introduction to Gasometric analysis Polarimetry: Principles. Analytical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysis-Higuchi and brochmann 3. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Part-II – Beckett & Stenlake 4. instrumentation and factors affecting results.K. Theory. theory. Polarography: Principles. Half wave potential.MEITES H. 4 4 4 4 4 3 45 7. Indicator and reference electrodes. instrumentation and applications including ORD and CD Refractometry: Principles. methods. Instrumentation Dropping Mercury electrode and Applications . DSC. Coulometry: Principles. Analytical chemistry.B. * Calibration of conductometer and to measure conductance of distilled water. Bassett J. 4. Merck Index. 17. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol.Analytical Chemistry (John Wiley) 6. A. Meites-Handbook of Analytical Chemistry (McGraw Hill). Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. K. 19. The Anthlone Press of University of London.P233 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – II Practical (3 hrs/wk) Sr.Co.* Conductometric titration of strong acid. Instrumental methods of Analysis.Pharmaceutical Analysis.(Interscience) 8.Wadhodkar.no 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) List of Experiment Calibration of Refractometer and measurement of RI . Higuchi & Brochmann.R.G. BP.Mahadik.. Beckett A H and Stenlake J B. 11. EP and International Pharmacopoeia. London. Dean. Florey. Skoog/West/Holler.strong base** Estimation of boric acid by conductometric titration. Jeffery G H.** Calibration of pH meter and measurement of pH* pKa determination of phosphoric acid / boric acid** Potentiometric titration of strong Acid Vs strong base. Analytical Chemistry an introduction.Kasture. Skoog/Holler/Nieman. USP.Hanssen.Calculation of Analytical Chemistry (McGraw Hill).Statistical Quality control (McGraw Hill).) 14. Pharmaceutical Analysis Vol. Connors K A. 18. Simpson and Ellis. Gary Christian. Merrit and settle-(Wadsworth Pub. Latest editions of IP.** Calibration of nephaloturbidimeter* Determination of Sulfate using nephalotubidimeter** Water determination by Karl-fischer method* Minimum 14 experiments should be covered * Indicate Minor experiments Books Recommended: ** Indicate Major experiments 1. I and II. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis.) 9. Pharmaceutical Drug analysis by Ashutosh Kar. 5. Garrat. Scheme of Practical Examination: Type of questions 1 2 3 Synopsis Viva-voce Experiment : Major Minor : Journal marks Total marks Duration Sessional 5 5 7 4 10 30 3 Hrs University examination 10 10 35 15 -----70 4 Hrs 4 7 . Grant. 16.P 1996.H. Denny R C. 2. Determination of cell constant.More –Nirali Publication. ELBS/Longman.Analytical profiles of drug substances (Academic press) 13. New York.Wiley Interscience. 6th Edition 12. Hamilton. I & II. Instrumental methods of Analysis. Mendharn J. 10. Vogel Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry – 5th editions. S. 3. * Assay of Dextrose injection by polarimeter as per I. 7.Ewing.The quantitative analysis of Drug (Toppan & Co.* Determination of specific rotation using polarimeter.strong base** Conductometric titration of weak acid.V.Willard. Principles of Instrumental analysis. 5th Edition.N. 15. definite and indefinite loop and arrays. standard deviation and standard error of means. Probability and distributions: Bayer’s theorem. data collection. equation of order greater than one with constant coefficients. UNIX etc. Regression: Types of correlation and regression analysis. probability theorem. nonlinear regression. flow chart symbols and their uses. C++. Section –I Section – A: Mathematics and Bio-statistics Data collection and treatment : Significant digits and rounding of numbers. Introduction to computer programming: C language: constant and string variables. examples of efficient algorithm and flow chart. Computer application in pharmaceutical and clinical studies Total no. bar. probability and events. Statistical inference: Common parametric and non-parametric tests employed in testing of significance in biological/pharmaceutical experiments and elements of ANOVA (one way and two way). kurtosis and skewness. nested loop. sample size. advantages and disadvantages of the database management system and examples of DBMS packages (like [BASE III). elements of binomial and poison distribution. Integration: Integration by parts. Differential Equation: Revision & Linear differential. memory. by partial fraction and by substitution. 2-D and 3-D diagrams. Introduction to micro computers and concepts of operating systems: Elements of DOS. co-efficient of variation. confidence (fiducial) limits. Flow chart and algorithm development: definition and properties of the algorithm. probability distribution. assembly language. of lectures Hrs 1 10 2 05 3 4 04 04 5 6 03 04 7 06 8 9 06 05 10 04 11 05 12 04 60 8 . simple program writing for biostatical methods. BIO-STATISTIC AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS Sr.EXEL. Sequential files and random access files. CPU. complimentary function and particular integrat. pie. Section – II Computer Applications Concept: History of computers. structures. high level language. PASCAL etc. data organization diagrammatic representation of data. expressions. functions. ACCESS). random and non-random sampling methods. Concepts of files. simple model of computer and working parts of the computer. no.T234 MATHEMATICS. repetitions statements (loops). introduction to computer networks Database management: Spread sheets (like MS. normal distribution curve and properties. input/output. method of least squares. comparison of high level and low level languages specially C. conversion of algorithm/ flow chart to high – level languages. concepts and objectives of database and database management system. S. 3. Sample programs in C: Program to calculate simple and complex arithmetic expressions. New Delhi. Prasad Gorakh. N. 9. Allahabad. Text book on differential calculus. 10. 2.. Books Recommended: 1. 5. C. 1..P. 2. Elhance and Veen Elhance COBOL for beginners by Thomas Worth . program using structures. Fundamental of statistics by S. Operating systems like WINDOWS. Narayan Shanti. sampling. POWER POINT. 12.. UNIX etc.Gupta S. Statistical Methods. 4. New Delhi. Differential calculus . 6. Practical and Clinical Application. Greval B. Sultan Chand & Co. Shyamlal Charitable Trust. Higher Engineering Mathematics. program using loops and nested loops. 7.Y. N. Guptha Computer programming in COBOL by Rajaraman & Shaaraboudhe Mathematical Statistics by Kapoor and Saxena Practical problems in statistics by D. 13. Software packages like MS-WORD. Integral calculus . with the help of calculators and software programs like Graph pad. ACCESS. Singapore 9 . Pothishala Pvt. Hrs 3. Topic Solving of biostatistical problems related inference. Boltan’s Pharmaceutical Statistics.. program using functions and simple programs using arrays. Text book on integral calculus . Ltd. New Delhi. Narayan Shanti. 11. Prasad Gorakh. Sultan Chand and Co. Allahabad. Pothishala Pvt. EXEL. Ltd.P234 Biostatistics and Computer (Practicals) 2 Hrs/Week Sr. Ayres Frank “Theory & problems of differential equations” Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Marcel Dekker. Khanna Publication.. graphical representation of data etc. 8. Pain Pain syndromes.No2 and CO No of Hrs 03 04 04 3 4 04 5 05 6 05 7. Adrenal gland-Addison’s dosease Thyroid gland-Hypo and Hyperthyroidism Sex hormones. Inflammation.causes abnormalities.migraine. Chapter Section-I Basic Principles of cell injury and adaptation.asymptomatic hyperuricemia. pathogenesis and morphology.structures involved in headache and head pain. Gout-cause abnormalities. Hypokalemia. Central Nervous System: Seizure and epilepsy. Hirschsprung’s disease(General disorders of GIT e. Hypernatremia. impotence etc Pancreas-Diabetes. pulmonary embolism.Achalasia. types of epilepsy. 2. chemicals and Drugs. Repairs of wounds. subjective.IV II) Biological significance of hypersensitivity. vomiting Nausea. transportation. Arterial oxygen tension and Hemoglobin oxygen saturation curve. A) Acute inflammation. course and prognosis. III) Allergy due to food. Metabolic acidosis. Autoimmunity I) Criteria for autoimmunity II) Classifications of autoimmune diseases in man . Asthma. Pathophysiolgy of Cancer Biological effects of radiation Disorders of gastrointestinal tract(GIT): Disorders of oesophagus. Hypersensitivity I) Hypersensitivity type I. mechanism of rejection of allograft.. No 1. Immunity – Transplantation and immunological tolerance. neural basis of epilepsy.Dwarfism. muscle contraction.chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. transplantation antigens. (tension headaches) . B) Chronic inflammation. anoxia. . Hypervolemia. Schizophrenia. leprosy. specimen collection. Disorders caused by biological and nviroment agents: Etiological agent of diseases. Respiratory alkalosis. testing and data interpretation infectious diseases Sexually transmitted diseases STD (HIV) pneumonias. Constipation. typhoid. Anion gap. Dementias. brain death. 10 11 06 01 05 12 08 13 06 10 . maintenance. allograft reactions.Headache.Ateletaxis. Diarhea/Dysentery (Bacterial and amoebic). NO. Acute respiratory failure. assessment. tuberculosis.Hirsuitism. Gynecomastia. Chemical mediators in inflammation. Gigantism.III. diagnosis of infectious diseases-test selection.osteoarthritis. causes and abnormalities assessment. Flatus etc should also be covered) Ulcerative colitis. chronic changes.types.. Hyperosmolar state. Excess fluid and electrolyte (Na). gastro-oesophagial reflux and reflux oesophagitis. tophaceous gout. preservation. small intestine and large intestine . Respiratory acidosis. Pneumonia. headaches affecting elderly Joint pain:. causes consequences and management. malaria. Effect of air pollution and smoking-impact of gases like SO2. assessment . food poisoning. Crohn’s disease Endocrine disoredersPituitary gland. tuberculosis of intestine. Ischemia infarction (stroke) and intracranial hemorrhage. Types of headaches. Disorder of stomach. chronic gout. diffuse interstitial lung disease.Degenerative joint diseases. cluster headache. Parkinsonism. Dehydration. Emphysema. diarrhea.blood gas transport. Acute disorder of respiratory system.growth hormone. 03 9. Hyperkalemia. Acute intestinal obstruction. factors influencing healing of wounds. g. Rheumatoid arthritis.II. Alzheimer’s disease. mechanism of autoimmunity. Metabolic alkalosis. chronic peptic ulcer. Depression and Mania Section-II Disorder of respiration: Chronic disorders.Peptic ulcer disease-acute ulcer. virility. Deficiency of water relative to solute. objective management. causes. 05 8. Types of Acid-Base derangementsDeficiency of water and solute balance.T235 Pathphysiology 45 Hours (3hrs/Week) Sr. Basis of Disease Harcourt Asia Pte.I. London1999. Principle of Internal Medicine. New Delhi. Churchill Livingstone. 2005. Textbook of Pathology Jaypee New Delhi 2002.Books Recommendeds: 1) Robbins Pathologic. New Delhi 2000 6th edition 2) Harsh Mohan.II) 11 .16th edition (Vol. Mc–Graw Hill . 4th edition 3) Davidson′s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 18th edition 4) Harrison’s.ltd. 4. compaction. adsorption at liquid interfaces: study of surfactants including like wetting and antifoaming agent. determination. electrical properties of interfaces: Electrical double layer. osmotic pressure. diffusion. Reduced & Intrinsic viscosity. spreading of liquids. Determination of order of reaction {graphical. Rheology: Introduction. 2. sensitization and protective colloids. Section II 5.Plastic flow. Sedimentation. Relative. applications advantages & disadvantages of Optical microscopy. reversible reactions}. Classification of colloids and their method of preparation in brief. 03 discussion on Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Newtonian system. Catalysis:-Definition. Viscoelasticity & its applications. Sieving. pharmaceutical applications 08 of colloids. Nernst and zeta potential. measurement of surface tension and interfacial tension. Definition. Brief explanation of Bulges & Spurs. 3. Optical activity\rotation. promoters. viscosity & sedimentation. Thixotropy. Kinetic properties. catalytic poisoning & autocatalysis. Chemical Kinetics: Introduction. Free & Blythe method. NOTE:. Induced polarization. Kraft point and 06 Cloud point. Accelerated stability studies:. Schulz Hardy rule. Adsorption:Physical adsorption & chemical adsorption. Complex reaction {consecutive. Cup & bob. Pseudoplastic flow. concept of viscosity. 03 Permanent dipole moment. angle of rotation. Importance of studying physical properties. measurement of thixotropy and its applications. measurement of optical activity & its importance. Nernst & Zeta potential} Electrokinetic Phenomenon.Dielectric constant explanation & determination. shape and size of colloidal particles. Coulter counter.capillary rise method. Falling sphere. HLB determination and importance with respect to suspension & emulsion. Half life& shelf life of reaction. Non. Micromeritics: Definition. Optical properties.Methods to determine surface area{like Adsorption & air permeability method}.Basic concepts {like electric double layer. Introduction to fundamental 05 & derived properties. pore size. Definition.Electrophoresis. Dilatent flow. Refractive index. types.Particle size and size distribution. Applications.monochromatic & polychromatic light. Donnan membrane equilibrium and its application. explanation. NOTE:. parallel. substitution & half life method} . NOTE:. Arrhenius equation and shelf life determination. Negative thixotropy. rheopexy. first & second order reactions. Applications of micromeritics in Pharmacy. objective. practical consideration.Brownian motion.Definition. importance. drop method {like drop number & drop weight method}.T241-Physical Pharmaceutics II (Theory) (3Hrs/week) SECTION-I 1. Garrett& Carper method. coacervation. Physical Properties of Drug Molecule: Introduction.. optical activity. Electric properties. and molecularly of reaction. 05 specific rotation & its examples. viscosity & sedimentation. Adsorption isotherms.Definition. of colloids based on diffusion. gold number. Viscosity measurements. Specific. Fundamental properties:. specific refraction. number & weight distribution Methods to determine particle size . 08 mathematical treatment of Zero order reaction. flow properties. 05 12 . Interfacial phenomenon: Introduction. Second order reaction. Importance of Dielectric constant. porosity and packing density and bulkiness.selection of viscometer for Newtonian and non Newtonian system {like Capillary. Dielectric constant & Induced Polarization.Problems only on molar refraction. Newtonian system.solubilization of colloids: include factors affecting it . Du Nouy ring method. characteristics. Applications. 7. PPL. Stability of colloidal system: DLVO theory.method. and transition state theory. Rate .explanation & importantce.Faraday Tyndall effect. limitations. formula. energy of activation: effect of temperature. 03 Kinematic. Young Laplace 06 equation. half life & shelf life on zero. specific & molar refraction. Cone & plate viscometer. 6. First order . Newton’s law of flow. order. turbidity. light scattering and electron microscopy. derived properties. Colloids: Introduction. collision theory. Surface tension & surface free energy. Brief explanation of optical rotatory dispersions.Introduction.Problems for determination of rate constant. Definition.Problems for determination of Molecular Wt. electroosmosis . Martin. Glasstone and Lewis . Alfonso Rgennaro 7.Elements of physical chemistry 4. Lachman and Liebermann . Vallabh Prakashan. C. 3.Remington’s pharmaceutical sciences Physical ChemistryPharmaceutical Technology-. Bahl and Tuli 8. 6.Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy- 13 . IInd edition. Swarbrick Physical pharmacy- 2. Maron S. Eugene Parrott ------.S. Subrahmanyam.V.Physical chemistry5.Text Book of Physical Pharmaceutics. and Pruton .Books Recommended: 1. Determination of composition of binary mixture by viscosity method* 8.Vijaya Raghavan. Surface tension** a) Determination of surface tension of given liquid b) Determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactant with stalagmometer 4.V. 3. S. 6. Determination of particle size distribution of any material by** a) Sieve analysis b) Micrscopy * Indicate minar experiments Books : 1. B. Vasantharaju .B. Determination of viscosity by Brookfield viscometer (One semisolid formulation) ** 9. K.G.No.S.P241-Physical Pharmaceutics (Practical) (3Hrs/week) 1. Vallabh Prakashan. U. Laboratory manual of Physical Pharmacy I – C.Hadkar. Subrahmanyam & S. New Century Book House(P) Ltd. Polarimetry* a) Kinetics of inversion of cane sugar b) Determination of specific rotation of optically active substances and also its concentration in sample 3. Viscosity and relative viscosity of liquids* 5. Vasudevan. Physical Pharmacy – Martin. Determination of HLB of glyceryl monosterate* 6. Scheme for practical Examination Sr. 2. Nirali Prakashan. Laddha Practical Pharmaceutical Technology – Engeen Parrot. N.C. Determination of specific surface area of charcoal by adsorption method* 7. 5. A Hand Book of Practical Physical Pharmacy & Physical Pharmaceutics. T. 4. Swarbrick and Commarata Practical Physical pharmacy – Dr. A Practical Hand Book of Physical Pharmaceutics. Hadkar. Determination of velocity constant of Methyl acetate ** 2.U. Madras. 1 2 3 4 5 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Journal & Attendance Total Duration Sessional 05 07 04 04 10 30 03 Hrs Annual 10 35 15 10 70 4 Hrs ** Indicate Major experiments 14 . Malonic ester syntesis. Formation. Fries rearrangement. Benzilic acid rearrangement. Wiley Eastern Limited. 5. . The Ruff’s degradation. Finar Organic Chemistry the fundamentals of chemistry T. 10. Graham Solomons Fundamentals of organic chemistry John wiley & Sons Inc. Determination of ring size. New Delhi Bentley and driver’s textbook of Pharmaceutical chemistry I. NMR. Cram Organic Chemistry Brown Organic Chemistry I. Knoevenagel reaction. Dejongh Organic Chemistry – Neckers and Doyle Problems and Exercises in Organic Chemistry – Agronnonov etal Organic Chemistry – Streit weise and Health Cock. Pine Hendrickson Organic Chemistry. Lossen rearrangement.P. Micheal addition. Chichibabin reaction. Cram and D. 1996 Govt. New Delhi Organic Chemistry – Crem and Hammered. Cava. 3. 6. Wittig’s reaction Section I Introduction to Spectrometric methods(IR. No.A J. Morrison and R. Ministry of Health. 12. Mannich reactions. 13. Boyd. Epimerization. Jerry and March. 1 Allotted number of Lectures 14 12 2 3a 3b 6 07 07 45 Books Recommended 1. 9. of India.S. Clemenson’s condensation.W. R. B) Benzoin condensation.T242 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III (Theory) Section I Name of the Chapter Mechanisms of Following Named Reactions with three examples of each: A)Beckmann’s rearrangement. 11. 2. 8. Hoffman’s degradation reaction. 15 . Mass) for Analyzing Chemical Structure of Compounds Studied in Semister. End-Group analysis of Di.J. 3rd Edition (1985). Chapter II Biomolecules II: Carbohydrates: Killani-Fisher’s synthesis. of Lecturers Sr. L. U. 4. Cyclic structure of carbohydrates.M. determination and synthesis of Peptide structures and Proteins Total no. the 4th Edition (1996) Advanced Organic Chemistry. Claisen rearrangement Reformatsky reaction. prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.Alinger. Organic chemistry. Perkin reaction. Schmidt’s reaction.and Polysaccharides Proteins: Geometry of Peptide Linkages. 7. C. London 2. London 3. 3. Stanlake. Mann and B. • • • • • • • 2. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry vol I and II by Beckett and J.C.I. ELBS Longmann. Stahlone Press of University of London. Elementary practical organic chemistry – A. Vogel ELBS Longmann. Practical organic chemistry by F. 4th Edition 1996.I Vogel Part III – quantitative organic analysis.B. 5. Text Book of Practical organic chemistry by A. Ester group by hydrolysis method Separation of Binary mixtures (at least 4)** Resolution of racemic mixture (at least 3)* ** Indicate Major experiments * Indicate minar experiments Books Recommended 1. 1 2 3 4 5 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Journal & Attendance Total Duration Sessional 05 07 04 04 10 30 03 Hrs Annual 10 35 15 10 70 4 Hrs 16 .No. 1985 and 1966 Govt. of India. Quantitative determination of organic compounds via function groups:* Phenolic group by bromination method Alcoholic group by acetylation method Carbony I group by hydroxymine hydrochloric – pyridine method Aldehyde group by sodium sulphite. 4. Ministry of Health 3rd Edition 1985. Saunders.P242 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III (Practical) 1. I. ELBS Longmann. London Scheme for practical Examination Sr.sulphuric acid procidure Carboxyl group by acid –base method (alkalimetry) Amino group by bromination method.P. J. Z-value. 5.) 4. SARS) 8. 7.-.TDT. disease. Hydrogen Peroxide Antiseptic and preservative .C.Validation of Process Disinfection :Ideal disinfectant.ultra structure of bacterial cell .Numerical aperture and Resolution .Foundations in Microbiology Stephan P. 6.Microbiology Principles and Examinations. 3.Immersion oil and its significance .) Isolation technique: Streak plate. J. Microbial Quality control and Quality Assurance: Concept of Bio-safety.Bacteria (Eubacteria. Antibiotic: Type. Paul Ehlrich and Edward Jenner and Joshep Lister.Microbiological view. Microbial Growth: Growth.L.Temperature. Ames test. MIC (Tube dilution method. LAF. Moist heat. Alexander Fleming. flagella. John wiley and sons Frobisher -. Phenol coefficient: (RW test and Chick Martin Test). Kirby-Bauer antibiotic sensitivity test and synergestic effect of drug. antigen. N. 12 Microbial limit test. Concept of infection. 02 04 06 04 07 07 Section-II 7. 5. 09 Vitamins and Vaccine. C.Characteristics of micro.Black -. Heave metals. 10.Tutorial Pharmacy 17 . Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Human Health: Definition and scope of 07 Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Vitamins: Type.organism : Virus . Chan And Krig. Gradient plate method). Control of Microbes: Sterilization : TDP. (Caandida albicans.Kulkarni-. Radiation (Ionizing and No ionizing )Sterilents and filtration sterilization in pharmaceutical Industry .Hodges.Enrichment Differential Media. 6. Spread plate and pour plate. Aacchromyces serevicieae) Mould (Penecillum sp . Microscopy and Staining: Concept of magnification . Halogen detergent . mode of action. Louis Pasteur. 9. Endospore (ultra structure)Plasmid and Nucloid Fungi : Yeast .Fundamentals of Microbiology Ulhas Patil. Application. Concept of newly emerging disease (eg. Sterile manufacturing unit. 4.Introduction to Microbiology Pleezar. and acid fast)Glycocalyx.Microbiology Torrontam. Pyrogen test.Hugo and Rusell’sPharmaceutical Microbiology J. Microbial Pharmaceuticals: General method for large scale production of Antibiotic . Disinfectant. S. curve Method of determination of growth. source.A. Applications. 9. 02 Total Hours: 45 Books Recommended: 1. antibody. osmotic pressure Oxygen Media (Synthetic and complex selective . Denyer. and algae. Types of immunity.DRT (D-value) Inactivation Factor.principles of staining.gram negative . Techniques in Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Antimicrobial effectiveness testing. source. actimomycetes. BP 2003. Storage and Stability of Medicine.Ingraham. 2. Epidemiology of disease. Robert Koch. Vaccine and Toxoid: DNA vaccine. Method of Sterilization: Dry heat. polyhydral and complex virus Bacteria : size and shapes .S. 8.P. Rickettia)Fungi. cell wall . Edible vaccine.-.A. 3. hypersensitivity. 2. Microbial assay (Antibiotic and Vitamins).Gormao-. USP2004 Cooper and Gun -.T243 Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Theory) (3Hrs/weeks) Section I 1.-. immunity. (gram positive .Foundation in Microbiology IP 1996. factors required for growth.Historical Development in Microbiology: Contributions of Antony Van Leevenhock. sterility test. : pH . Mode of action and application of phenol and phenolic alcohol. Asperagillus sp.Ingraham. protozoa.Structure of Micro-organism: Virus : Ultra structure of Helical. Anaerobic jar. Refrigerator. Pearson Education 2. Air micro flora** 14. Study of Oligodynamic action** 12.* 2. Compound Microscope* 3.1996 3. Microbial limit test (Water)** 15. pHmeter.P243 Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Practical) 1. RW Test (Dettol)** 11. shaking incubator. Colony counter.No. Microbial assay—Turbidometric (Streptomycin)** 10. Sterile devices)** 8. 1 2 3 4 5 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Journal & Attendance Total Duration Sessional 05 07 04 04 10 30 03 Hrs Annual 10 35 15 10 70 4 Hrs ** Indicate Major experiments 18 . Cappuccino and Sherman—Microbiology of laboratory manual. Aspergillus and Penicillium. Sterility test. * * Indicate minar experiments Books Recommended: 1. Gram Staining** 5.Direct inoculation method (Sterile injectable. Introduction Lab Instruments: Autoclave. Monochrome Staining** 4. Pour plate method** 7. Herold Benson – Applications in Microbiology Scheme for practical Examination Sr. Hot air oven. Microbial assay – Diffusion assay (Penicillin)** 9. Kirby-Baner antibiotic sensitivity test** 13. Study of permanent slides of yeast . Indian Pharmacopoeia. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of aqueous garlic extract (Tube dilution method) ** 16. Incubator. Streak plate method** 6. Antibiotic zone reader. obesity. 4 03 05 02 03 Disease related to lipid metabolism – Obesity. Protein calorie malnutrition . New Delhi. Pancreatic function tests. intestinal and pancreatic malabsorption.II) 5) Styer L. 4th edition 3) Davidson′s Principles and Practice of Medicine. Myocardial Infarction. e. Glycogen Storage Diseases. serum acid phosphate II. Acute renal failure. Ischemic Heart Diseases. Asparginase. Urokinase. Enzymes of pharmaceutical and therapeutic importance-Streptokinase.Gall stone formation-types of gall stones assessments and management. Different Tyrosinemias.vitamins.Biochemistry 5. Clinical manifestation of congestive heart Failure and their pathophysiological basis.Sr. Seratopeptiadase and Oncolytic enzymes Diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism – diabetes mellitus and OGTT. Pepsin.ltd. Hyperlipoproteinemias. London1999. Mc–Graw Hill .rennin. Principle of Internal Medicine. Churchill Livingstone. 2005. homocysteinuria. creatinine. stimulation of gastric secretion. uric acid. Hyperprolinemia type I .SGPT. glycated Hemoglobin and microalbuminurea Books Recommendeds: 1) Robbins Pathologic. Alkaptonuria. Hyalauronidase. No.Obstructive renal failure. Thyroid function tests. Liver function tests b. 6 Organ function tests a. I. Carbohydrate metabolism(inborn errors).determination of hormones.Kwashiorkor and Marasmus Diseases Aromatic amino acid metabolism . Hypocholesterolemias. Hypercholesterolemias. Renal function tests-blood urea nitrogen. Types of shock. causes. Phenylketonuria (PKU). pathogenesis of starvation Disorders of Urinary SystemRenal failure. management of ischemia and angina pectoris.Diabetes – Type – I Type. Collagenase. management of chronic heart failure.T3. assessment-course and complications. lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes. Cystinosis.TSH uptake studies. IV) Nutrition. Lipotropic factors II) Abnormalities in Lipoproteinaemia .types of glomerulonephritis and nerphrotic syndromes Disorders of CVSHypertension. Bromelin. pepsin fractional test meal. Albinism. Acute cholecystitis –causes and pathological changes. Alcoholic hepatitis cirrhosis. mechanisms and principles Section-II Clinical Biochemistry Introduction to clinical biochemistry Clinical enzymology: Analytical diagnostic and therapeutics uses of –enzymes I. Creatine kinase. acute tubular necrosis. atherosclerosis Hyperlipidemia. lactose intolerance.pancreatitis acute and chronic– types. Alcoholic liver diseases –fatty liver. types of hepatitis. Trypsin. β glucoronidase in cancer diagnosis. Glomerular Disease:. creatinine clearance c. Hyperprolinemia type II No of Hrs 10 02. Malabsorption syndrome. 18th edition 4) Harrison’s. Lacnnec’s cirrhosis. 01 T244 Pathophysiology and Clinical Bio-chemistry 45 Hours (3hrs/Week) Chapter Section-I Disorders of gastrointestinal tract (GIT): I) Disorders of liver. SGOT. glycosuria or mellituria Diseases of protein energy malnutrition. maple syrup urine disease Disorders related to urea cycle metabolism Histidinemia. II) Disorders of the gall bladder and bile ducts. causes of heart failure heart cell changes in the heart failure. Urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis – lower urinary tract infection. chronic pylonephritis. 07 19 . CCF-Types of heart failure. Basis of Disease Harcourt Asia Pte.Chronic renal failure. Galactosemia. Cystinuria. assessment and management. consequences of decreased myocardial contractility. Disease of Branched chain amino acid metabolism.Angina: types and causes diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Glycogen storage disease. Enzymes in diagnosis. hepatic encephalopathy. Gastric function tests. III) Disorders of exocrine pancreas. . acute pyelonephritis. Atherosclerosis. steatorrhea. hyper secretion and its treatment d.T4. abnormal bacterial flora.adequate diet. 08 1 2 01 03 3. liver changes in viral hepatitis. Hartnup’s disease. 05 03.Infectious hepatitis. Portal hypertension.II-OGTT. abnormalities. Papain. New Delhi 2000 6th edition 2) Harsh Mohan. Sulphur containing amino acid metabolism. Textbook of Pathology Jaypee New Delhi 2002.16th edition (Vol. pre-renal acute failure. 1999 4th edition (Vol. (construction of Michaelis – Menton curve.C. Practical Clinical Biochemistry. 3rd edition 5. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Pregnancy test* 3.II. Deb A.I. Plummer D. Calcutta 2002 4. Viva &Practicals in biochemistry. (02) b) Blood protein by Biuret. 4th edition 3.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Head Synopsis Major experiment Minor experiment Viva Duration Journal & Attendance Total Sessional 04 07 03 02 03 Hrs 10 30 Annual 10 30 15 10 4 Hrs 70 20 . Medical Laboratory Technology.(01) c) Blood urea (01) d) Serum uric acid (01) e) Urine calcium (01) f) Serum cholesterol(01) g) Serum bilirubin (01) h) Blood creatinine(01) i) Blood chlorides(01) j) SGPT (01) k) SGOT(01) l) Urine amylase (01) m) LDH(01) n) Separation of amino acids by two dimensional Paper Chromatography. RA factor test* * Indicate minar experiments ** Indicate Major experiments Books Recommendeds: 1. Measurement of Glucose by glucometer* 4. Tata Mc-Graw Hill. Harold Varlery. New Delhi. Scheme for practical SR. Central book agency. Tata McGraw Hill. Lineweaver Burke plot for following 1) enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen by amylase and 2) conversion of sucrose to glucose by invertase.serum* 6. optimum PH.Principles and Practice.1994. glucose oxidase. New Delhi. Bombay. optimum temperature. (Demonstration) (01) o) Study of enzyme kinetics and factors affecting its activity. Godkar P. Preparation of plasma (using diff.T. Mukherjee K. Lowery’s method. New Delhi1988. (02) 2.P244 Pathophysiology and Clinical Bio-chemistry 1) Use and interpretation of biochemical data viz: (Significance of screening the parameter) Diagnostic prognostic screening tests like (rationale behind performing following tests) ** a) Blood sugar : by O-toludiene. Clinical Biochemistry.B. Bhalani Publishing House. Qualitative tests for identification of given protein sample* 5. Widal test* 7. 5th edition.L.anti-coagulants).III) 2. CBS. SECTION-II Hrs. Application of fluidization in pharmacy in the areas of powder handling. Tulsi Sadan. costs prevention. Material Technology: Corrosion: Mechanism of corrosion.T245 Unit Operation-I (Thoery) TOPICS Fluid flow: Fluid status. Ltd. types of corrosion and ageing.industrial boilers including cocharns. Polyvinyl chloride.Various direct & indirect (remote) methods use mechanical & electrical principles 4) Maintenance: Objective. Boilers: Main parts.---Elements of Mechanical & Electrial Technology.L. fire. chemical & occupational. International Edition. N. granulators. Eckman ---. David Ganderton. Maintenance of machineries and equipments in pharmaceutical department such as. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 110 002. V. 21 . Bhat----Machine Drawing. reverse osmosis and distillation processes and large scale for mfg. mild steel. Mondke. gantry cranes. uses of materials of construction in the design of Pharma packaging. Donald P. packaging equipments. 04 05 1) 2) 3) 4) 04 07 5) 03 1) Water purification:. air conditioning .cast iron. Daryaganj. Sambamurthy-. Fluids: pumps.refrigeration . application of environmental control in pharma department like powder . method of extinguishing accidents . mixers. Robbert H. Charotar Book Stall. chain. Deshamukh. Bernoulli’s theorem. Ferrous and nonferrous metals. nylon. screw and pneumatic conveyors. P. fluid handling Handling and Conveying: Solids: portable power driven machines. polyester. pipes and fittings.Badger & J. polyethylene.Introduction to Chemical Engineering. Nonmetals: glass & plastic. Seventh Wiley Eastern. McGraw Hill B.air mixture . pipe connections.Industrial Instrumentation .---Perry’s Chemical Engineering Hand Book.Padya.Classification & description of various pressure measuring devices. water vapour . Character Book Stall.Hazards & their classification . Ferrous. sifters.mechanical. Banthero-. trailers.unsafe actions.G. New Age International Pvt. their types & prevention. pH meter. fluid heads. babcock Wilcox and Lancashire. nickel alloys. polypropylene. Permanent installations for handling solids. epoxy. London G. Ansari Road. Maintenance record keeping. Green. mechanism of fluid flow. coating equipments.copper & alloys.Unit Process in Pharmacy.Elements of Heat Engines. unsafe conditions. aluminium. types of plastics. conveyorsbelt. D. Brown--. 5) Safety :.Pharmaceutical Engineering. C.G. Nirali Publications N. compression equipments . Nonferrous. 3) Measurements :a) Pressure: . W.g. Application in pharmacy e..mills. stainless steel. balances. Tulsi Sadan. Perry. Reprint.humidity and particulates in air refrigeration . 05 06 04 04 03 Total Hours: 45 Books Recommeded 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) K. fire & explosion . Medical Books Ltd. financial losses. drying and coating.S. Don W. micropulvirizer. T.. valves.H.Unit Operations.air handling . trucks. homogenizers. b) Temperature: . 1983. factors influencing corrosion and method of combating corrosion. Tablets and capsules. 2) Environmental control:. --. Rly). prevention and corrective maintenance. Anand.Shaha---. Material of Construction: Classification in to metals and nonmetals. power shovels. agglomeration.Chemistry of fire. classification of fire. polystyrene. In water management and handling of liquid dosage forms. Fluidization: Theory of Fluidization.Deionization. polycarbonate. Anand (W. India. mountings and accessories. 4835/24. 7th edition. Accidents safety training & education. 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