MARCH 2009 Vol. 31 No.3 CIRCLE READER CARD #2 CIRCLE READER CARD #3 CIRCLE READER CARD #4 . AND CURING 34 41 48 Sustainability through Strength Integrating post-tensioned lateral systems and slag cement concrete for a model of environmental architecture by Mark Stevenson and Leo Panian Investigating Construction Methods for Longtan Dam An experimental study of surface treatments for roller-compacted concrete by Lei Yang and Jonathan J. MO Annual Index of Concrete International 34 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 3 . Shi From Rheology of Fresh Concrete to Casting Processes Correlating properties with field performance by Nicolas Roussel ALSO FEATURING 84 23 53 57 86 ACI’s New Fellows Twenty-eight members to be honored in San Antonio Sloped Versus Stepped Footings for Walls Inspired by the Spirit of Concrete Highlights of the convention in St. Louis. 3 MIXING. 31 No.MARCH 2009 Vol. PLACING. 48331. 01970. To minimize congestion and placement problems for the building’s post-tensioned core walls. PE (Ward. Tatum (Senior Designer). Concrete International has title registration ® with the U. Emily H.
[email protected]) Editor-in-CHief Rex C.Malisch@concrete. or judgment of the user. Concrete International. Mich. Bush. Karen Czedik GrapHic Designers Gail L.00 per transaction. (Cover photo courtesy of Tipping Mar +associates. of the information presented. Malisch. both prepaid. PE (Rex. Bischof (Senior Editor). Farmington Hills. $19.March Concrete international PuBlisHer Ward R. Jay production Assistant Lindsay K. Donahey.org) Managing Editor Keith A. Inc. Institute publications are not able to. Susan K.00 for ACI members.O. Hunt. Patent Trademark Office. 34. Box 9094.S. Novak-Fioritti (Jaime. Farmington Hills. Facsimile (FAX): (248) 848-3701. Ryan M.Tholen@concrete. American Concrete Institute. PE (Mike.) American Concrete Institute http://www. and possessions). 38800 Country Club Drive. (jrhodes@networkpub. What’s Coming 69 Products & Practice 73 Special Products & Practice Showcase 76 Industry Focus 77 Meetings 78 Standardization 79 Spanish Translation Synopses 80 Bookshelf 81 Membership Application 82 Bulletin Board 83 Advertisers’ Index 84 Concrete Q&A Workers place the roof deck concrete for the David Brower Center in Berkeley. No.Novak-Fioritti@concrete. Kennedy ADMINISTRATIVE Assistant Daniela A. CA. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference use without the express permission of the American Concrete Institute is prohibited. Tosolt (Keith. Periodicals postage paid at Farmington. Permission is granted by the American Concrete Institute for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) to photocopy any article herein for the fee of $3. Box 9094. MI 48333-9094.org) Advertising Jeff Rhodes Network Publications. Printed in the United States of America.. 36) vertical bars were confined using headed transverse bars in lieu of conventional hooked bars and cross ties. All correspondence should be directed to the headquarters office: P. $170 (elsewhere) payable in advance: single copy price is $26. or the supplier. responsibility. 21 Congress St. Farmington Hills. Mich.com) PUBLiSHiNG SERVicES Supervisor John Q. see p. Tholen. Horn Editors Carl R.org) assistant EDITOR Jaime J. Payments marked ISSN 0162-4075/97 should be sent directly to the Copyright Clearance Center.S. POSTMASTER: send address changes to Concrete International.. nor intended to supplant individual training. Bedward 64 departments 7 President’s Memo 8 Educational Seminars 10 News 16 Chapter Reports 18 Calls for Papers 56 What’s New. 14 (No.00 for nonmembers. (248) 848-3700 Fax. For more on this project. 43) and No. Canadian GST #126213149RT / Concrete international . 11 (No.O. The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. and at additional mailing offices. Telephone: (248) 848-3700. (248) 848-3150 MARCH 2009 Copyright © 2009 American Concrete Institute. Subscription rates: $161 per year (U. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to the Publisher.org Tel.concrete. Colleen E. Salem.org) Engineering editor Michael L. MI 48333-9094. Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute. P.Tosolt@concrete. Esper. Malerk Stephen Pessiki William E.org/members/mem_sustaining.org) Engineering: Daniel W. for the spring convention. Lobo Claude Bédard Myles A. services and chapters: John C.concrete.org) Professional development: Richard F. Manager (Melinda.org) Sales and membership: Diane L. Maloney Jon I. Nassif Michael Sprinkel SECRETARY CHAIR Educational Activities Committee Cecil L.org) Systems.org) Sustaining Members See pages 14-15 for a list of ACI’s Sustaining Members. a look toward a future in which computational modeling of flow could become a practical construction tool. Managing Director (Daniel. While so much more takes place at technical sessions and committee meetings. Baloh. Ghosh Kari L. Bondy Michael J.org) Finance and administration: Donna G. Ferraris Ronald Janowiak David W. sales.Halstead@concrete. Sordyl.org) Customer and member support: Melinda G.htm. Joseph E.Nehasil@concrete. Kozeliski Kimberly E. Verti James R. and industry relations: Douglas J. Nunez William D. And that comradeship will once again be on display as we gather this month in San Antonio. MO.org) Strategic Development Council/ Marketing.org) Certification: John W. Kosmatka Michael E. Rushing Jr.American Concrete Institute Board of Direction President Luis E. Yuers STAFF LIAISON CHAIR A s ACI’s chartered objective states. Tipping S. Schokker David M. Managing Director (John. Kurtis Thomas O. Managing Director (John.Tolley@concrete. Malerk Peter M.K. Heitzmann Richard P. Mullarky Roberto A. Rottman John J. and identification of methods to enhance interlayer bonding in roller compacted dams. TX. Collins Frances T. Garnant Eldon G.org) Publishing and event services: Renée J. Heitzmann. the people. Lange Myles A.Glumb@concrete. Managing Director (Rich. we hope that this glimpse of the activities provides readers with a sense of the time. Schokker Beverly A. Falconer Sergio M. Reynolds. Tolley Certification Programs Committee G. the organization’s purpose is “to provide a comradeship in finding the best ways to do concrete work of all kinds and in spreading that knowledge. Sanders Daniel W.Falconer@concrete. the place. Palmer Jr. It’s a diverse line-up fitting of a diverse industry and the organization that serves it.Heitzmann@concrete. and the bonds they share. Features and departments in this month’s CI provide practical tips on reinforcing detailing. Alcocer Kenneth B. Schneider Ramón L. Director (Renee. Jones Colin L.Reynolds@concrete. The text and photos only cover the highlights of the proceedings. Cheek Terry C. Halstead. Nehasil Ronald G.Baloh@concrete. To learn more about our sustaining members. Bondy Chiara F. Griffith Marc Jolin Cecil L. Louis. Murray Kenneth B. Johnston Steven H. Cagley David Darwin Directors Colin L. Schemmel STAFF LIAISON CHAIR Vice Presidents Florian G. García Past President Board Members Thomas D. Jones Richard F. Terry Harris John W. Managing Director (Douglas. Glumb.” If you attend an ACI convention. Barth Richard D. Bohan Dean A. Nehasil. This month’s CI includes a recap of events at the ACI Fall 2008 Convention held in St. Carrasquillo Andrea J. Browning Darrell F.Lewis@concrete. Murray Antonio Nanni Hani H. Stehly March 2009 Technical Activities Committee David H. Lewis. Kreger David A. go to the ACI Web site at www. Yuers Charles S. Tolley (Bill. Hanskat Executive Vice President William R. Burg Kenneth Caubble Mark A. Andrea J. Managing Director (Donna. Director (Diane.Sordyl@concrete. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 . Suchorski Kari L. you know well that comradeship (also known as friendship and partnership) is a major reason we meet. Elliot Frank A. Falconer. Lobo Thomas O. RCD ACI Staff Executive Vice President: William R. CIRCLE READER CARD #5 . We will be seeing more of these activities in the future focused on other regions of the world. The successful fifth International Workshop on Concrete in the Americas that took place during the Fall 2008 Convention in St.and long-term objectives to respond to new issues and challenges. we have been able to maintain the technical resources and membership benefits that you are familiar with and to continue new initiatives that are underway. Louis. the recent economic downturn has had a far-reaching impact that has affected all of our members. ACI is committed to maintaining its role in the concrete industry during this uncertain economic climate. My year as Luis E.t has been a privilege to be the President of ACI during the 2008-2009 term that will end this month during the Spring Convention in San Antonio. The current pilot program underway to encourage certification activities for students will have far-reaching implications. I know the silent volunteer work of ACI’s committees and chapters is our strongest quality and an example to other similar institutions. The existence of a dedicated staff makes directing ACI a job without surprises. This has been an excellent management technique that has proven its worth through the years. and my companions on the Board of Direction and the Executive Committee for helping me direct ACI during this challenging and interesting year. The American Concrete Institute remains dedicated to supporting our members through these challenging economic times. MO. The recently adopted policy to allow committee membership by students is just one of the many ways to achieve this participation. and while 2009 may be a difficult year. ACI President President would have been very difficult without the help of all ACI members. ACI has been advancing concrete knowledge since 1904. ACI membership has increased through novel approaches in enhancing membership value and benefits. García Luis. Establishing free e-membership for students has increased student membership to numbers never before seen. We want to see our young members more involved in our activities. This has resulted in an increase in the number of official translations of ACI documents. staff.org Concrete international / MARCH 2009 7 . our next President. The support of staff strengthens the Institute’s ability to provide an environment where the continuity of the dedicated and unselfish volunteer work performed by all our members makes ACI a world leader in concrete technology. The Institute is dedicated to making membership more attractive to young members every day. and my companions on the Board of Direction and the Executive Committee.Garcia@concrete. The ACI Strategic Plan set the route to follow and the ACI leadership carefully adjusts the Institute’s short. proves the ability of ACI to maintain activities that are interesting for our international members. TX. preparing the future President to lead in a way that would be difficult to achieve otherwise. the enhancement of ACI’s international role was an obvious objective. a new set of challenges and opportunities developed. ACI’s excellent staff. With your support. as is increasing the number of available ACI Fellowships and Scholarships. It may be the most important challenge in the near future for ACI. As you know. García. Although ACI has a long-standing tradition of I Your Help Made it Possible interacting with concrete-related organizations worldwide. Luis E. We will see this evolving under the leadership of Florian Barth. ACI has been providing leadership in sustainable development in concrete. The participation of international members in our committees has increased and our cooperation with code-writing bodies worldwide has generated valuable feedback regarding the use of ACI standards and the development of concrete standards worldwide. I would like to extend my “muchas gracias” to all ACI members. Our system of electing a Vice President every year for a 2-year term acquaints that person with the inner workings of the Institute. ACI will emerge as a stronger organization with even more to offer the industry and all members. By electing me as the first ACI President not residing in North America. The seminar will cover causes and evaluation of problems in deteriorating concrete. Complimentary publications include ACI 201. The seminar will cover soil support systems.75 Continuing Education Units (CEUs). designing for flatness and levelness. reinforcing. Professional Engineers can convert CEUs to PDHs to fulfill their continuing education requirements. eLearning Check out ACI’s new eLearning opportunities at acielearning. specifiers. architects. and seminar lecture notes. joint spacing. Cosponsored by PCA. technical topics will be added in the coming months. cracks and joints. visit www. and what it means to you as a designer and specifier of structural concrete. repair contractors. Instructors will work through several design examples.1R. Instructors will explain each change. and public works engineers. ACI 224. PCA Notes on 318.org. repair techniques. this intensive seminar will guide you step-by-step through the significant changes in the 2008 edition of the ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.1R. ACI 364. Complimentary publications include ACI 360R and Course Notes. overlays. materials. and much more. protection systems. Anchoring to Concrete. issues dealing with curling. material suppliers. In addition to the certification training that is already available. ACI 546R. 8 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . and several state licensing boards. CONTINUING EdUcATION CREdIT Seminar attendees will receive 0. “Design of Slabs-onGround. ACI 437R.5 Professional Development Hours (PDHs). and others involved with structural concrete. and specifications for structures.” The purpose of the seminar is to provide engineers and designers with practical tools and information that can be used right away for slab design. why it was made. maintenance personnel. CONCRETE REPAIR BASICS One-day seminar for engineers. repair materials.com DESIGN OF CONcRETE SLABS ON GROUNd This one-day seminar will focus on the design of concrete slabs in accordance with ACI 360R. worth 7. building officials.Spring 2009 ACI Educational Seminars seminars at-a-glance ACI/PCA 318-08 BUILdING COdE One-day seminar for engineers. surface treatments. A portion of the day will be set aside to discuss Appendix D. ACI is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects. various design methods. and Course Notes. Attendees will learn the best methods and materials for economical and effective concrete repairs. Complimentary publications include: ACI 318-08. For more information on ACI seminars.concreteseminars.1R. Examples will be presented to illustrate applications of the new Code provisions. PA April 23. 2009 Baltimore. OH May 13. 2009 San Antonio.S. 38-0296490). mail. ACI One-Day Seminars •$597 Registration Fee •$457 ACI National Members •$125 Full-Time Students ACI/PCA One-Day 318-08 Building Code •$597 Registration Fee •$457 ACI National Members and Employees of PCA Member Firm Registration Fee •$125 Full-Time Students To qualify for the discounted ACI National Member Seminar Fee. 2009 WIS PHS MAS ATS ILS CONcRETE REPAIR BASIcS One-day Seminar (REP9) LAS NJS COS CAS OHS DESIGN OF CONcRETE SLAbS ON GROUNd One-day Seminar St. 2009 Nashville. 2009 Philadelphia. 2009 Fall 2009 seminars to be announced soon. 2009 New Brunswick. please circle date and location above. NE April 2. 2009 Salt Lake City.com or phone (248) 848-3815. MA May 5. MO March 5. TX March 19. 2009 Cincinnati. 2009 San Diego. Discounted student seminar fee is only for full-time students under the age of 28. or charge to: VISA Registration Fee: $ Total Registration Fees: $ E-mail: MASTERCARD exp. MI 48333-9094 By fax: (248) 848-3801 By phone: Member Services (248) 848-3815 8:00 . date Address: City. PA April 30. 2009 JAS NES INS TNS PAS Milwaukee. See www. Name: Company: Phone Number: Fax Number: Make checks payable to ACI. 2009 Cincinnati. 2009 Pittsburgh. or phone as shown below.concreteseminars. 2009 Omaha. seminar registration registration fee To register. CA April 29. All payments must be in U. IN April 7. please provide your six-digit ACI Member number next to your name below. Registration from all others must be accompanied by full payment.seminar dates and locations CHANGES IN 318-08 BUILdING COdE One-day seminar (3189) MIS ITS OHS SAS MDS For additional dates and locations or more information on ACI seminars. WI April 28. Box 9094 Farmington Hills. Include current proof of enrollment with your registration. Concrete international / MaRCH 2009 9 . CO April 22. UT March 5. Complete this form and fax. visit www. 2009 San Francisco. Charge to my ACI member account (current ACI National Members only). 2009 Jacksonville. IL May 12. 2009 Chicago.O. FL March 31. MI March 3. (CODE: CI) 012609. LA March 25. I have a disability and may require accommodation in order to fully participate in the seminar. funds. State.com By mail: Member Services P. GA May 7.concreteseminars. 2009 Boston. 2009 Indianapolis. TN April 21. 2009 Denver. Zip: register today By web: www.concreteseminars.com Dates are subject to change. OH March 10. 2009 Chicago. NJ April 1. Detroit. 2009 Atlanta. MD March 26.concreteseminars. 2009 (SLD9) MOS ILS CAS New Orleans. Please check www.5:00 ET (Monday-Friday) account no. Phone (248) 848-3815 for details. Louis. IL March 26. or reserved by government or company purchase order (ACI Federal ID No.com for further updates. charged to a credit card. Register for two seminars in the same city on consecutive days and receive a special discount. CA April 2. 50 (ACI members $25. paving operations. he met with incoming ACF President Jongsung Sim to explore ways that ACF and ACI could open up the lines of communication and possibly develop a memorandum of understanding between the two organizations. construction. and other ACI members at the ACF Conference reception. are Dang Hoang Huy. Vietnam. available in PDF format.50 (ACI members $36. Executive Yuan. Taiwan.50 (ACI members $40. Phan Khac Long. and “Guide for Specifying. Standing behind. price: $40.00). ACI Executive Vice President William R. Deputy Minister of the Public Construction Commission. 10 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .1R-08)” describes the technology and applications of fiberreinforced shotcrete (FRS) using synthetic and steel fibers. signed on behalf of the association. “Guide to Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete (ACI 506.ASIaN CONcRETE FEDERaTION cONfERENcE In November 2008. placing. proportioning. from left. and design requirements for concrete chimneys. and application procedures are described. Tolley attended the Third International Asian Concrete Federation (ACF) Conference hosted by the Vietnam Concrete Association in Ho Chi Minh City. available in PDF format. During that visit. price: $43. Tolley NEW ACI PUBLICATIONS Signing of the International Partnership Agreement with VCA President Tong Van Nga and ACI Executive Vice President William R. mixing. including minimum loadings for design.3R-08)” covers specifying. price: $65. ACI also signed an International Partnership Agreement with the Vietnam Concrete Association (VCA). available in PDF format.org. price: $58. Proportions of typical mixtures. and finishing of fiber-reinforced concrete. Call (248) 848-3800 or order online at www. “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Parking Lots (ACI 330R-08)” includes information on site investigation. Tolley. and Tran Ba Viet ACI announces the availability of four new publications and CD-ROMs: “Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Chimneys and Commentary (ACI 307-08)” gives material. durability considerations. Quang Hung. Chern is also President of the Taiwan Concrete Institute and Past President of the ACI Taiwan Chapter. thickness determination. Tolley met with Jenn-Chuan Chern.concrete. Proportioning. batching. available in PDF format.00).00).50 (ACI members $27. Meeting with ACI members at the ACF Conference Incoming ACF President Jongsung Sim (left) with ACI Executive Vice President William R. and quality assurance procedures during construction. Nguyen Van Chanh. and Production of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544. Tong Van Nga.00). including methods of reducing rebound and equipment used to apply FRS. design of joints and other details. President of VCA. mixing. Escalante is the President of GCC of America. Joining the board are the following individuals: Cary Kopczynski. Cagley and Associates. Kenneth Bondy Enrique Escalante Vice Chairman for the past 2 years. Escalante received an engineering degree from the Technologic Institute of Monterrey and an MBA from Cornell University. LLC. Andy Kochis.org. Inc. Secretary. The TCA Safety Awards Program was refined last year to better represent the diversity and size of the companies involved in TCA membership. Mathews Co. Vice President. CO. visit www. and Travis Gilpin. Dawn Kori. Russell Price. he was CEO of Titan’s joint venture subsidiary. Hours <100K. Escalante chaired the Research and Technical Council and Product Standards and Technology Committee. General Technologies. In addition to serving as PCA’s The Tilt-Up Concrete Association (TCA) Alphonse Engelman Safety Awards were presented at TCA’s Annual Meeting. NV. Consolidated Reinforcement. subsidiary of Titan Cement Group. Denver. Escalante had more than 20 years of experience in management and sales positions in heavy industry and construction materials. Thomas Mathews. He also chairs the PCA Sustainable Development Committee.. succeeding Charlie Sunderland of Ash Grove Cement Company. All will serve a 2-year term in their respective positions.post-tensioning. Suncoast Post-Tension..PTI ElEcTS NEw OffIcERS aND BOaRD The Post-Tensioning Institute (PTI) has elected Kenneth Bondy.P.. Past President. He is a member of the ACI Board of Direction and the Technical Activities Committee. 100 to 250K. Ready Cable. Prior to that. L.. was elected Vice Chair.. Inc. Inc.. Inc. CEO of Titan America. a consulting structural engineer. Thomas F. as President. Paul Hohensee. Affiliate Representative. held in conjunction with World of Concrete February 5. Ltd. moving to his current position in 2000. The winners are: General Contractor CIRCLE READER CARD #6 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 11 . Papadopoulos received a BS and an MS in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an MBA from Harvard. The Best Tilt-Up Safety Achievement Award recognizes firms in several categories (General Contractor or Tilt-Up Subcontractor. and Larry Krauser. Treasurer. Prior to joining GCC. and >250K) with the lowest incident rate in 2007. TCA AlpHONSE ENGElMaN SafETY AwaRDS PCA CHaIRMaN ElEcTED The Portland Cement Association (PCA) Board of Directors elected Enrique Escalante to serve a 2-year term as Chairman. Aris Papadopoulos. Associate Member Representative. Inc. Professional Member Representative. Harris P/T. Post Tension Cables. For more information. Cary Kopczynski & Co. Post-Tension of Nevada. Roanoke Cement Company. ENERPAC.. the U. 2009. Professional Member Representative.. The Executive Committee includes the new officers and Scott Greenhaus.S.. Papadopoulos has served as CEO of Titan America since 2000. Other officers are Edward Hohman. and James Cagley. He joined GCC in 1999 as President of its Mexican division. He was a member of the Regional Promotion and Publications Committees. Inc. Guy Cloutier. in Las Vegas. VSL. Honorary President of CEB and FIP. Inc. He was also a Past President of the American Council of Engineering Companies New Jersey chapter. ACI Honorary Member. Housner was a founding member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. died November 10. Housner was Braun Professor of Engineering. Portland cement-based Legacy Cements (516) 558-7139 www. Goldberg was instrumental in the development of New Jersey’s transportation systems. Neyer Construction. Inc. Application materials and rules can be downloaded at www. best report. Levi was also President of the Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP). Donald Goldberg. and Neyer Construction. Inc. he returned to the Polytechnic of Turin in 1945. Citadel Contractors. SB Ballard Construction Company. Levi’s constant attention to new achievements in research.cfm. He was 78 years old.net Underlayments Modified cement-based. Inc. passed away September 28. Between 1966 and 1970. passed away on January 10. the forerunners of modern CEB Model Codes. 2009. at the California Institute of Technology.. IN MEMORIaM Franco Levi. and Tilt-Up Contractor (>250K). highest load capacity..lythic. Tilt-Up Contractor (<100K). Inc. with results to be completed by June 15. serving as a lead designer on many projects. ENTRIES clOSING fOR PCI COMpETITION Applications for university teams competing in the annual Engineering Student Design Competition conducted by the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) are due March 15.legacycements.. published in the December 2008 issue of Concrete International: Floor and slab treatments Penetrating floor hardener (reactive) Lythic Solutions (360) 694-5347 www. General Contractor (>250K). at the age of 97. the European Union considered that the work of CEB might become the proper basis for the first Eurocode. and other categories.. Levi started his academic career in 1937. Newcomb Construction Company. Goldberg was active with ACI and a Life Member and Chairman of the PCI committee on bridges.. and the conceptual bases of what was then the novel technique of prestressed concrete. and enthusiastic work made him the real father of the Eurocodes. Cornerstone Construction Services. he was a staunch advocate of quality processes and control. After a period of exile in France and Switzerland. Inc. and Professor Emeritus of the Polytechnic of Turin. at the age of 94..com 12 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . and test a precast.(<100K). 2008. He also had an essential role in coordinating the creation of five other structural Eurocodes concerning different construction techniques. time-dependent effects in concrete structures. in Pasadena. and a medal is given by the organization each year in his name. nonlinear analysis. Newcomb Construction Company. Levi was appointed President of the Comité Européen du Béton (CEB) in 1957 and maintained this position until 1968. 2009. Inc. Senior Vice President and Chief Engineer of Dewberry’s northeast operations. his original contributions.. MK Concrete Construction. George W. The American community of scholars of reinforced and prestressed concrete recognized the importance of his mission and ACI granted him Honorary Membership in 1965. MK Concrete Construction. and Levi was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee for Eurocode 2 on Concrete Structures. Zero Lost Time Accident Achievement Awards went to Cornerstone Construction Services. CA. while expanding the action of CEB beyond its European borders. A graduate of the Ecole Centrale in Paris and the Polytechnic of Milan. Teams are challenged to design.000 in prize money. perseverance. Prizes are awarded for most efficient design. Housner. He was also instrumental in the formation of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering and Caltechs Earthquake Research Affiliates. The “Big Beam” competition offers $25. Emeritus. often considered the father of earthquake engineering. ADDITIONS TO THE 2008 SpEcIfIERS’ PRODucT GuIDE Please add the following companies to the Specifiers’ Product Guide.pci. prestressed concrete beam with the help of a faculty advisor and a local precast concrete Producer Member.org/education/big_beam/index. Throughout his 44-year career at Dewberry. 2008. fabricate. In 1979. where he started developing his outstanding research work in structural mechanics and engineering and published well-known papers and books on elastic stress states induced by imposed and inelastic strains. and Vantage Construction Corp. leading the organization to the publication of the first and second set of CEB Recommendations. with specific regard to creep and shrinkage. CIRCLE READER CARD #7 . Holcim (US) Inc. Grace & Co. Portland Cement Association Propex Concrete Systems Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Ruentex Group Scofield Seretta Construction. Inc. Inc.com or call 800-964-0951. BMTI is not only successful in marketing fly ash. but also helps utility plants use all of their coal combustion products through innovative marketing and product development. Inc. Inc. Inc. Ltd. Ready mixed concrete producers and contractors improve their operations with the aid of BMTI’s supply reliability. ACS Manufacturing Corporation ALJANS Allen Engineering Corp.are the foundation of our success. Meadows. visit our Web site at www. Boral is a pioneer in the development of new construction material technologies. Inc. Metromont Corporation Municipal Testing Lab Nox-Crete Products Group OMYA Canada. visit www. Inc. Inc. technical expertise. (BMTI) is a leading marketer of fly ash and all coal combustion products. Concrete International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining Member organizations. Inc.. Inc. ALLFLAT Ash Grove Cement Company Ashford Formula Baker Concrete Construction. ICS Penetron IDRA SA Keystone Structural Concrete. R. Lithko Contracting. and engineering services. Wacker Neuson Webcor Concrete Westroc. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile section on a rotating basis. Operating Engineers Training Trust Oztec PNA Construction Technologies. Inc. Inc. CHRYSO-ProMix Technologies Commercial Contracting Corporation Concrete Engineering Specialists Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute CTLGroup Dayton Superior e-construct The Euclid Chemical Co. Co. Boral Material Technologies. Unibeton Readymix Universal Concrete Products. Headwaters Resources. Inc. and sales and service support..R. For more information about Boral Material Technologies.concrete. Inc. Ghosh Associates. Fibercon International. Triad Engineering.boralmti. Inc. Sika Corp.K. With more than four decades of experience marketing fly ash to the concrete industry. Inc. BCS Boral Material Technologies. Meadow Burke W. Ltd.. Clay & Slate Institute FGC. Buzzi Unicem Cantera Concrete Company Cemex Inc. environmental services. BMTI also provides coal-fired power generating plants with complete on-site ash handling and management. To learn more about our sustaining members. Spurlino Materials Structural Group Structural Services. Inc.org/members/mem_sustaining. S. BASF Admixtures. Tru Wall Concrete.htm . Kleinfelder Lafarge North America Lehigh Portland Cement Co. Francis Harvey & Sons Future Tech Consultants W. Inc. Expanded Shale. To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members. The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). R. Institute members include firms comprising the precast concrete structures industry as well as architects. We produce and sell cement. and environmental consideration in our daily business decisions. MEADOWS products are available worldwide through an authorized distributor network. expansion joints. For more information about PCI visit www. Products are sold through our authorized distribution network.pci. We believe this approach will help us achieve our objectives to be the preferred supplier.org or call 313-786-0300. and markets highquality products and systems for today’s construction professionals. material suppliers. to waterproofing.Lafarge is the largest diversified supplier of construction materials in the United States and Canada. engineers. Our products cover every facet of the construction industry—from protecting and sealing concrete. PCI also operates the world’s leading certification program for firms and individuals in the precast concrete structures industry. and award programs. R. asphalt. ready mixed concrete.com. employer. to better serve the environmental needs of the design and building community. air barrier products. technical conferences. we’re there. We have multiple branch locations located throughout North America. Lafarge is exploring ways to contribute to sustainable building. MEADOWS. MEADOWS. having an interest in precast concrete. R.. From highway construction and restoration. Our GREEN LINE® of environmentally friendly products has been a cornerstone of our product line for over 25 years. W. visit www. and maintains relationships with other organizations. contractors.com or call 703-480-3600. We remain committed to producing environmentally friendly products and systems that meet or exceed the latest EPA standards and guidelines. including an awardwinning technical journal. and students. This long-term perspective includes the need for economic. profitable and healthy places to live and work. consultants. earning the designation of LEED Accredited Professional.S. All of our quality W. and investment. exhibitions. educators. conventions. Lafarge’s employees are also entering the LEED Professional Accreditation Program. visit www. Lafarge believes that sustainability can be a competitive advantage. technical manuals. developers.” Our products play a decisive role in sustainable architecture and construction. designs.larfarge. we’ve been satisfying the needs of the public and private sectors of the building construction industry since 1926. vaporproofing. manufactures. fabricating and constructing precast concrete structures. reports. For more information about W. Green Building Council and Canada Green Building Council demonstrates the company’s interest in partnering with “leaders from across the industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible. INC. social.wrmeadows. PCI has 11 regional affiliates across the U. community partner. For more information about Lafarge. is the foremost developer of standards and methods for designing. They are contributing a sustainable component to a growing number of LEED® projects across North America. and other informational documents. . Our memberships in the U. both national and worldwide. gypsum wallboard. PCI publishes a broad array of periodicals. and concrete restoration. to blocking the ingress of moisture through the building envelope. It also conducts educational seminars. and related products and services. and more. aggregates. and our products are available in overseas markets as well.S. founded in 1954. service providers. In his memory. gave a presentation on “Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete. Levi Stoelting.” Ross King. Shotcrete.. A general “Shotcrete Seminar” was featured in the afternoon. Sordyl.. ACI Managing Director.. Conshot Systems. Metro Testing Laboratories Ltd. Inc. who has just completed the largest shotcrete shoring job ever undertaken in Canada: the 14 km (8. with support from the American Shotcrete Association (ASA). Moy Memorial Award from Ken Lozen. The seminar concluded with a presentation on “Shotcrete Shoring in the Lower Mainland BC” by Roger Abbott. covered “Shotcrete Quality Control Inspection and Testing.” Roland Heere. (Rusty) Morgan. the ACI British Columbia (BC) Chapter. and Industry Relations. GREATER MICHIGAN Douglas J. AB. FACI. Douglas J. Sales.” bringing the audience up to date on the technology for both steel and synthetic fiber-reinforced shotcrete. he was the incoming President of the ACI Michigan Chapter. Moy was the Chief of the Structural Bureau for the City of Detroit Department of Buildings and Safety Engineering. discussed “Structural Shotcrete: Structural Engineers Perspective. and immediate Past President of ASA. and testing of structural shotcrete. Strategic Development Council/Marketing. to further advance technology dissemination.” ASA Past President Peter Tatnall.” drawing from his experience in the structural design and construction of deep below-ground structural shotcrete walls for parking structures in the Southern California market and now Western Canada. JJ Albanese. Ken Collins. and immediate Past Chair of ACI Committee 506. Lafarge Canada.. The forum concluded with an open discussion session. is the 2008 recipient of the chapter’s Arthur Y. Rusty Morgan and Chris Zynda gave a joint presentation on “Shotcrete: A Versatile Construction Solution” in which they showcased the many and various uses of shotcrete from their combined 65 years of shotcrete experience. Treasurer. Moy Memorial Award.. market) and requests from the industry for a forum to review and discuss all aspects of the design. supply. Neil McAskill. gave a presentation on “Shotcrete Rehabilitation of Historic Masonry Structures. President. the chapter established the Arthur Y. This session was provided as a result of the recent dramatic increase in structural shotcrete use in the lower mainland region of British Columbia (and now also in the Calgary. 16 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .” He was able to demonstrate the great strides that have been made in structural shotcrete construction in Western Canada in the past few years. provided an informative presentation on the historical and current use of structural shotcrete in California. inspection. ACI Greater Michigan Chapter NeW STUDenT CHAPTeR A new ACI student chapter was recently formed at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. FACI. Inc. and current President of the ACI BC Chapter. Metro Testing Laboratories Ltd. installation. When he died in 1967.5 mile) long cut and cover section of the new Canada Line rapid transit line from Vancouver Airport to downtown Vancouver. The award is given to an individual in the chapter area who has contributed substantially to the advancement of concrete technology. The elected officers are Julian Koerner. The forum opened with a general introduction to structural shotcrete followed by a guide to preparing “Structural Shotcrete Specifications” by D. in this case ASA. Abbott Shoring and Foundations Ltd. and current President of ASA. 2008. Mike Meacher. gave an enlightening presentation on “Structural Shotcrete Construction in Western Canada. This forum and seminar proved to be an excellent example of collaboration between ACI and another industry association.R. AMEC Earth & Environmental.BRITISH COLUMbIA On October 21. spoke on his experience in lower mainland BC regarding “Ready Mix Shotcrete Design and Supply. held a “Structural Shotcrete Forum” for 80 attendees. Sordyl (left) receives the Arthur Y. Glotman Simpson Consulting Engineers. Performance Concrete Technologies. Chris Zynda. Moy Memorial Award in 1968 and the first plaque was presented to his wife in 1969. Finally. R. Professor Emeritus. Turkey. García. García.R. Secretary.Vice President. faculty members. contractors. Louis with Dena Guth. the group visited Gage Brothers precast concrete plant in Sioux Falls. Louis. ACI Pakistan Chapter. Julian Koerner. the group attended technical sessions and committee meetings. The first activity of the chapter was to travel to St. Karachi. NED University of Engineering & Technology. and displayed their new banner with ACI President Luis E. Advisors for the chapter are M.F. On the way. Hansen. The invited speaker was Syed Tanvir Wasti. 2008. Pakistan. ACI President Luis E. Craig Phillips. you can download many of ACI’s publications immediately! ACI’s Online Bookstore—it’s always open! www. and Brady Wiesner. and Abul Kalam (right). Rafeeqi (left). based on previous theoretical and applied work. from left: Advisor M. Vice Chancellor. At the ACI convention. The group also visited several large bridges around St. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 17 . It dealt with the milestones in the progress of concrete technology. Ankara. His lecture was a pictorial and historical account of the development of reinforced concrete. MO. special publications. technical reports. highlighting the names of those who have made significant contributions. Middle East Technical University. Craig Phillips. on November 11.concrete. Hansen and Damon Fick. and Advisor Damon Fick Additionally. S. SD. President. a bridge engineer. and graduate and undergraduate students. Treasurer. The lecture was attended by consulting engineers. to attend the ACI Fall 2008 Convention. Department of Civil Engineering.org PAKISTAn The ACI Pakistan Chapter organized a technical lecture titled “150 Years of Concrete” at NED University of Engineering & Technology. Our collection of over 400 standards. Ken Collins. Brady Wiesner. presented Syed Tanvir Wasti with a memento after his lecture ALWAYS OPEN You’ll never have to wait for ACI’s Online Bookstore to open. The objective of the lecture was to stimulate greater interest in reinforced concrete and its structural possibilities.A. and industry favorites is always open—waiting for you! The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology ACI Student Chapter at the ACI Fall 2008 Convention. and regulation.com. EARtHQUAKE ENGINEERING FRActURE MEcHANIcS Meeting: 7th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-7). microstructural and transport properties of concrete cured under various conditions and the effects of temperature on durability performance. Deadlines: Abstracts by April 17. performance under severe loading.html. lime. Papers are invited on all the different materials that are used in construction including aggregates. emerging fields. natural pozzolans. Jeju. structural monitoring and assessment. See the events calendar at www. final papers are due January 10. masonry. bitumen. soilstructure interaction. sponsored by ACI Committee 236. Meeting: Ninth U. seismicity. glass. e-mail: olek@ecn. 2009. or J.org. Abstracts should be submitted through the conference Web site. Olek. cementitious materials. specialized materials.edu/dept/cbu/ ancona. sustainability. Requirements: Submit a 300-word abstract through the conference Web site at www. Italy.S. Yucatán.edu. geophysics. June 28-30. Topics of the technical program will include ground motion. 2010. silica fume. May 23-28. Further details are available from the conference Web site: www. Solicited: Papers are invited on conference topics that include fracture and cracking behavior of concrete structures. Università Politecnica Della Marche. geotechnical engineering. Ancona. and other similar materials). and timber. Deadlines: Abstracts by March 31. 2010. telephone. Material Science of Concrete. Abstracts should be submitted by e-mail. e-mail. and field studies on temperature effects and case studies of in-place concrete where the curing history is known. CONcREtE UNDER SEVERE CONDItIONS SUStAINABLE CONStRUctION Meeting: Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. gypsum.com for more listings. structural engineering. slag. mailing address. codes and design. 2009. but not limited to.consec10.com. emergency response planning.uk.concreteinternational. interface fracture and debonding phenomena. metals. National and Tenth Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Reaching Beyond Borders. Biernacki. 2009. Seogwipo City. 2010. and soil 18 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . Deadline: Abstracts by March 6. concrete construction.uwm. Requirements: Submit paper title and abstract.purdue. and Meeting: Sixth International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions—Environment and Loading (CONSEC’10). soils. plastics.framcos7. July 25-29. foundations.J.ac. and seismic risk. Send to: p. wood ash. Contact: Direct inquiries to contacto@consec10. Canada. concrete. Requirements: Prospective authors are invited to submit a onepage detailed abstract following the guidelines provided on the FraMCoS-7 Web site at www. fiber-reinforced cementitious composites.claisse@coventry. repair and retrofitting. and practical applications of fracture mechanics. Solicited: The conference theme will cover the sustainability of all construction materials with renewed emphasis on limiting their carbon footprint. Solicited: This conference will bring together professionals from a broad range of disciplines. Contact: secretariat@framcos7. seismology. social response. Send to: J. Toronto. Korea. maintenance and repairs. regional planning. November 8-12.TEMPERAtURE EFFEct ON CONcREtE PERFORMANcE Meeting: Technical session on “Temperature Effect on Concrete Performance and Durability” at the ACI Fall 2009 Convention. Deadline: Abstracts by March 31. Requirements: Submit an abstract of 200 to 300 words along with author/speaker name(s). Solicited: Original papers are sought in areas including. e-mail: jbiernacki@tntech. including architecture. 2009. advancement in structural design codes. LA. June 7-9.org. 2010. ON. 2010. affiliation. seismic hazard assessment. Solicited: What effect does temperature have on curing and subsequent properties and performance of concrete? How can temperature be controlled and even optimized to produce the best possible outcomes in terms of short-term property development and long-term durability and lifecycle performance? Papers are sought on topics such as modeling temperature changes in concrete from the time of mixing on. (fly ash. New Orleans.edu. and performance under severe environments. 2009. highperformance and high-strength concrete. México. geology. rock. Mérida. August 16-18. Requirements: Submit an abstract on one A-4 page. and their coordination with building codes. project specifications. IL. selection. but are not limited to. Web site: www. research. Requirements: To participate in the symposium.astm. 150 Orchard Road #07-14. analysis. damage assessment. Washington. education. 2010. St. MO. Foundations for Equipment and Machinery. the design.sg. and machinery. constructibility. bridge structures. design and analysis for buildings and structures. It will emphasize the application of ASTM standards to those areas. prefabrication.cipremier. Deadline: Abstracts by April 15.behie@holcim. equipment. socioeconomic issues. anchorages. repair and rehabilitation. lessons learned from recent earthquakes. and recovery. Contact: Additional information is available from symposium Cochairs Bill Behie. Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry. 2009. restoration. Holcim (US). Solicited: The objective of the symposium is to gather and disseminate the latest information on all aspects of innovations in masonry materials. and international standards. Deadline: April 15. The scope of the symposium covers the usage.org. specification. Portland Cement Association. Meeting: 34th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures.org/. CI-Premier Pte Ltd. fib CONGRESS OUR WORLD IN CONcREtE AND StRUctURES Meeting: The third international fib Congress and Exhibition. and Jamie Farny. com. and experimental methods. and C15. maintenance. visit http://2010eqconf. ocean energy. e-mail: cipremie@singnet. FOUNDATIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY STRUCTURES Meeting: Technical session on “Equipment Foundation Design for Renewable Energy Structures” at the ACI Spring 2010 Convention. structural. post-earthquake response. fax. Send to: Secretariat. or new materials. Solicited: Presentation topics include. FRP reinforcement. concrete plant. Requirements: Individuals wishing to present a paper or poster during a technical session can submit abstracts via the congress Web site at www. design. and construction of equipment foundations unique to wind power. and public policy. fib2010washington. C12. DC. C07. March 21-25.org/MEETINGS/ COMMIT/c01cfp0610.org/. telephone: (704) 947-5700. information technology. 2) author/speaker name(s).to 300-word preliminary abstract. Chicago. safety issues. Inc. 2010. Solicited: Original papers on the theme of “Green Concrete” are invited. mailing address. and control systems. Other topics to be covered at the conference include. telephone: +65-6733-2922. to be held in conjunction with the Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Institute Annual Convention and Bridge Conference. 2009. IL. Contact: Direct inquiries to info@ fib2010washington. standards development meetings of the committees.” Technical sessions will cover a wide range of topics including innovative structures. and nonstructural systems. May 29June 2. Lime.com. telephone: (847) 972-9172. Singapore.com. Build Locally.stability. and rehabilitation. durability. Cement. and present sufficient details regarding results. Manufactured Masonry Units. 2009. Contact: For more information. Huntersville. com.htm and attach a 250. and materials and composites. 2009. Louis. energy dissipation. quality control. SyMPOSIUM ON MASONRy Meeting: ASTM International Symposium on Masonry. June 8. mixture proportions. Singapore 238841. 2010. Skokie. The presentation and manuscript must not be of a commercial nature nor can it have been previously published. Deadline: Abstracts by March 31. repair and retrofit of structures and foundations. and solar energy structures. but are not limited to. NC. Requirements: Submit an abstract no longer than 500 words by visiting the conference Web site: http:// 2010eqconf. or specification of masonry materials or workmanship as they relate to masonry construction. and collaborative tools. sponsored by ASTM International Committees C01. 2009.. pointing out material that is new. authors must use the online abstract submittal form at www.com. sponsored by ACI Committee 351. 2010. Solicited: The event is organized around the theme of “Think Globally. and Concrete international / MARCH 2009 19 . e-mail: jfarny@cement. The symposium will be held in conjunction with the June 8-11. The abstract must include a clear definition of the objective and approach of the work discussed. construction. Requirements: 1) Presentation title. connections. and much more. seismic isolation. e-mail: bill. fax: +656235-3530. Deadline: Abstracts by April 4. Orchard Plaza. telephone. buildings. innovative techniques. seismic design. and production. advanced materials. 1410 14th Ave. final papers are due by August 30. please forward the information to Laurel Dovich.org for more information on the conference topics. Solicited: The special session will focus on current technology for concrete bridge repair and maintenance. Box 8426. Presentations should follow ACI presentation guidelines and format. PA 18015. Deadlines: Abstracts by April 30. Concrete 20 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . safety. Deadlines: Abstracts by May 31.edu. 2010. safety and serviceability. government officials. Send to: Subhash Kulkarni at telephone: (504) 887-3100. Deadline: Abstracts are due by June 15. stateof-the-art repair technologies. concrete with innovations in research. or Jesse Hemeter at telephone: (504) 593-5303. and construction methods. Structural Safety. AL 35242. 117 ATLSS Drive. 2009. 2009. and e-mail. Requirements: Submit a 300-word abstract to the Conference Secretariat together with the preliminary registration form. Deadlines: Abstracts by May 20. design. 2009. 2010.edu. Visit www. bridge diagnostics. nondestructive testing. 2009. 2) author/speaker name(s). fax. fax. The authors of the selected abstracts will be invited to submit a full paper that will be peer reviewed for publication. MAINtENANcE AND REPAIR OF BRIDGES Meeting: Technical session on “Recent Advances in Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Bridges” at the ACI Spring 2010 Convention. Fargo. Send to: Yail J. Maintenance. e-mail: jimmy. title. organization.kim@ndsu. materials. final papers are due December 1. Consequences. Southern Company Generation. e-mail: kcapc@aol. sponsored by ACI Committee 345. Chicago. final papers are due November 30. N. address. 2) author/speaker name(s). November 8-12. and 3) a one-page abstract. March 21-25.org. 2009. Lehigh University. and cosponsored by ACI Committee 345. mailing address. Abstracts should be submitted in electronic form as either a plain text or Word attachment to the conference Web site. organization. and academics. and Repair. Solicited: All major aspects of bridge maintenance. WA 99203. and management will be addressed. e-mail: secretariat@ iabmas2010. and whole life costing. and Mitigation” at the ACI Spring 2010 Convention. telephone: (205) 992-6347. The Technical Program Committee for the ACI Fall 2009 Convention will select the papers to be presented at the technical session. e-mail: pbwarren@ southernco. HOw I SPIcED UP My CONcREtE ERRORS IN DESIGN AND CONStRUctION Meeting: Technical session on “How I Spiced up my Concrete” at the ACI Fall 2009 Convention. design for durability. An ACI Special Publication will be published. fax: (701) 231-6185. Requirements: 1) Presentation/ paper title.REQUESt FOR K-12 RESOURcES FOR CONcREtE e-mail. and maintenance of existing concrete bridges. ACI would like to make this collection of K-12 educational materials available for teachers to incorporate concrete into their curriculums. and e-mail. March 21-25. North Dakota State University. emerging technologies. 2010. New Orleans. Birmingham. Requirements: 1) Paper title. Concrete Bridge Construction. ND 58105. IL. LA. construction. The presentations and technical papers will include case studies of damage and corresponding repair due to extreme events. title. P. Conference Coordinator. evaluation and inspection techniques. 2009. ATLSS Engineering Research Center. 42 Inverness Center Parkway/Bin B453. sponsored by ACI Committee 348. Solicited: Authors are encouraged to submit an abstract related to various ways they have “spiced up” their Meeting: Technical session on “Errors in the Design and Construction of Concrete Structures—Examples. prediction of future traffic demands. assessment and evaluation. Kim. Spokane. PA. including. Contact: Mary Ann Cahalan. e-mail: jesse.hemeter@wsnelson. Philadelphia. BRIDGE MAINtENANcE. Meeting: Fifth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance. and Management. 2009. is collecting resources detailing activities and teaching resources for concrete material. sustainable bridges. July 11-15. The technical session will provide critical information to practicing engineers. SAFEty. Chicago. Send to: Patricia Warren. telephone. AND MANAGEMENt ACI Committee E802.com. Department of Civil Engineering. but not limited to. fax: (205) 992-6411.com.com. Safety.O. telephone: (610) 758-3468. Bethlehem. telephone: (701) 231-6394. Teaching Methods and Educational Materials. 2009. e-mail: laurel. iabmas2010. and 3) an abstract of 200 words. If you are aware of any resources that may be appropriate. and 3) an abstract of 200 to 300 words. telephone. IL. and design appropriate for Kindergarten through Grade 12.dovich@ wallawalla. fax.—in all types of uses: buildings. Please submit abstracts by e-mail. pavement.or two-sentence description that establishes significance. investigative and analytical techniques used to assess the impact of these cracks on durability.and macrocracking on the durability of concrete structures. Publication: Compendium of notable concrete in New Orleans.concrete.doc document). Solicited: ACI Committees 201. telephone: (770) 923-9822. Cracking. Errors. Port Washington Rd. 2009. utility poles. coordinated and compiled by ACI Committee 124. 2009. masonry. and e-mail.. telephone: (414) 247-2843. Elstner Assoc. This could be beneficial to engineers.com.. aesthetic. November 8-12.O. Wiss. Janney. Tosolt. IL. Solicited: Presentations/papers discussing errors in the design and construction of concrete structures are invited. final papers are due September 30. 2010. silos. 211 N. e-mail: mpaul@ duffnet. LA.callforpapers. 13th St. unusual use or application. organization. sculpture. and contractors so they can mitigate these errors in the future. 2009. 2009.. etc. Farmington Hills. Milwaukee. and whatever else has caught your attention. educators. could occur during the design process or construction phase of projects. Send to: Mahmoud Maamouri. Document also will be stored and available as an electronic file on the ACI Committee 124 Web page and may be available on the chapter Web site. culverts. Solicited: Thumbnail image and brief description of notable concrete—cast-in-place. and 3) an abstract of 300 words. MI 48333-9094. city and state. 2) author/speaker name(s). Managing Editor. The purpose of the session is to put forward some examples that identify where these types of errors occurred and show the consequences of such errors. WI 53217. telephone. Please send meeting information. 2) author/speaker name(s).and Macrocracking on Durability” at the ACI Spring 2010 Convention. Maintenance. 19107. tanks. Philadelphia. structural. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 21 . and vicinity for distribution at the ACI Fall 2009 Convention. LA. mailing address. Requirements: 1) Name and location of submission. or sketch) that is not copyrighted. Duffield Associates. posttensioned. drawing. 2009. 2009. fax: (248) 848-3150. e-mail: Keith. telephone: (215) 545-7295. abstract requirements and deadline. March 21-25. 2) thumbnail image (photograph. Significance may be historical. and Repair.. Deadlines: Abstracts by June 30.and macrocracking can have on the long-term service life of a structure. tilt-up.AND MAcROCRAcKING Meeting: Technical session on “Effects of Micro. Deadlines: Abstracts by July 1. precast. Requirements: 1) Presentation/ paper title. 3) one. Send to: Michael J.Tosolt@concrete. crypts. Requirements: 1) Presentation/ paper title. or equipment related. telephone. P.Bridge Construction. title.com. papers/presentations being solicited. text in e-mail or as a . fax. monuments. Examples of topics to be explored include the impact micro. furniture. retaining walls. telephone. final papers are due December 1. Ste. along with full contact information to: Keith A. Submission guidelines: Calls for Papers We recommend that notices of calls for papers be submitted to Concrete International at least 9 months (or sooner) prior to the prospective sessions. 8989 N. and effective mitigation techniques used to improve durability. Inc. plazas. material. mailing address. PA. Submit all information in electronic format (postcard-size image as JPEG or TIFF file. Papers must follow ACI publication guidelines and format. functional. Submitted images will be stored and available as electronic files on the ACI Web site and may be used in ACI educational and promotional materials. Durability of Concrete. and e-mail. and the ACI Louisiana Chapter. e-mail: mmaamouri@csd-eng. Chicago. bridges. Visit www. fax: (414) 351-4617.com. and e-mail. construction-related. New Orleans. 704. are soliciting papers for a fullday session and a Special Publication on the topic of the effects of micro. title. organization. Box 9094. and 4) submitter’s name. Send to: Ralf Leistikow.org for more information. Computerized Structural Design SC. This timetable generally allows publishing of the notification in three issues of the magazine. or simply personal affection. e-mail: rleistikow@ wje. and 224. whether human.org. Location information should be sufficient to enable discovery by reader. NOtABLE CONcREtE IN NEw ORLEANS MIcRO. Deadline: Submissions by August 1. and 3) an abstract of up to 300 words. Concrete International. Paul. Concrete Aesthetics. specify ACI Certified personnel Since 1980. and to arrange for performance testing. supervisors.ACI Certification. Schedule of Upcoming/Testing Sessions — Search by program and/or state. ACI has tested over 350. To schedule your lab for CCRL inspection.Next Time.. CCRL LaB TOur The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory offers performance examinations for the ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician and ACI Aggregate Testing Technician – Level 1 certification programs. inspectors. Upcoming tour locations are: March 2009 Florida Georgia Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania April 2009 Alabama Florida Georgia Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania Visit www.. 22 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . When you have a need for qualified concrete professionals—specify ACI Certification.000 concrete technicians. contact Jan Prowell at (301) 975-6704.org for: Descriptions of ACI Certification Programs — Includes program requirements and reference/ resource materials. and craftsmen in 17 different certification programs. Directory of Certified Individuals— Confirm an individual’s certification and date of expiration. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. special Concrete international / MARCH 2009 23 . He is a past member of ACI Committees 370. and 444. where he started his tenure in 1996. Canada. The new Fellows will be introduced during the Opening Session and Awards Program on March 15. 360. soil-structure interaction related to ground supported slabs and footings. Rehabilitation. and then forwards its recommendations to the Board of Direction for final action at its fall meeting. Benoît Bissonnette is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering. As stated in the ACI Bylaws. and structures in the areas of education. ACI will recognize its newest group of members who have attained the rank of Fellow of the American Concrete Institute (FACI). in 1988. his PhD from the University of London. Bischoff is a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering. Quebec City. from the International Committee. development. Canada. and his DIC from Imperial College of Science and Technology. Experimental Analysis for Concrete Structures. Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete. He has authored or co-authored over 100 technical papers and reports. He is a member of ACI Committees 223. QC. UK. from local chapters. His research interests include serviceability behavior of concrete structures. Cracking. NB. creep and shrinkage. He also served as Chapter Officer and Vice President of the ACI Atlantic Chapter. Short Duration Dynamic and Vibratory Load Effects. construction.ACI’s New Fellows Twenty-eight members to be honored in San Antonio A t the upcoming ACI 2009 Spring Convention. 699 members have attained the rank of FACI. He received his BASc in civil engineering from the University of British Columbia. The ACI Board of Direction approved the nominations of this latest group of honorees at the ACI 2008 Fall Convention in St. or by petition signed by at least five current ACI members. TX. Canada. cracking. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. his MEng from McGill University. Including the new honorees. MO. and impact behavior of concrete. his research interests include concrete repairs. The spring convention is scheduled for March 15-19 at the Marriott Rivercenter. 435.” The Fellows Nomination Committee selects those to be considered for the award. Canada. design. Fiber Reinforced Concrete. 544. in 1983. He is a licensed professional engineer in New Brunswick. Nominations may come from the committee itself. San Antonio. He recently received the Casimir Gzowski Medal from the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE) for a paper related to development of a rational approach for computing deflection of reinforced concrete flexural members. or management. Laval University. UK. research. a Fellow is an individual who has made “outstanding contributions to the production or use of concrete materials. Design of Slabs on Ground. ACI’s new Fellows are: Peter H. where he has contributed to teaching and research in the area of reinforced and prestressed concrete since 1992. in 1979. Fredericton. and 364. He received the ACI Scholarship Award in 1991 and the ACI Quebec and Eastern Ontario Chapter Scholarship in 1993. use of fiber-reinforced concrete in structural applications. in 1988. Bischoff is a member of ACI Committees 224. Louis. products. Deflection of Concrete Building Structures. He served as President of the ACI Quebec and Eastern Ontario Chapter in 2001-2002. first established by the Institute in 1973. As a member of the Research Center on Concrete Infrastructures (CRIB). University of New Brunswick. the ACI Publications Committee. OH Sofia Maria Carrato Diniz. He is a member of ACI Committees 201. He is also a member of technical committees of the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) and the Réunion Internationale des Laboratoires d’Essais et de Matériaux (RILEM). Delatte. Amherst. MASc. Deflection of Concrete Building Structures. ON. Nemati. East Lansing. Canada Benoît Bissonnette. Montreal. Stivaros. and in 2000. Jericho. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement. FL Jorge L. TX 24 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . University of Massachusetts Amherst. Belo Horizonte. Farmington Hills. respectively. Vancouver. Flexure and Axial Loads: Beams. Fredericton. and test methods. San Juan. KS Neeraj Buch. He is a licensed professional engineer in New Brunswick. Seoul. Cleveland. MA Vicki L. Quebec City. Korea Norbert J. NY Arezki Tagnit-Hamou. AZ Kamran M. Los Angeles. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International. He is Secretary of ACI Committee 369. IL Peter Marti. Andrew J. QC. ON. Canada. Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs. Plastering. Slabs. Shear and Torsion. Schokker. Ottawa. nondestructive testing and evaluation. WA Andrew J. Seattle. BC. PA JoAnn P. MD William D. he participated in the foundation of a North American task group devoted to the improvement of concrete repairs (CREEP). Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures. and 524. durability. and field performance of existing bridges. Browning. CO Andrea J. Frankfort. He received his BScEng. He received his BS and MS in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984 and 1985. Iran Nur Yazdani. He is also a member of task groups on the Incorporation of ACI Certification in University Engineering Curriculum and the Certification of Nondestructive Testing Technicians. Boyd’s research interests include the field of concrete materials. His research interests include the modeling of concrete structures and automation in the AEC workflow. Allan P. Switzerland Richard J. the 28 members being elevated to the rank of Fellow of the American Concrete Institute are: Peter H. Canada. in 2001. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445. Material Science of Concrete. Quebec. Lyons. Canada Sergio F. Canada Barzin Mobasher. KY Douglas J. WA Karthikeyan H. MA. PR Jiann-Wen Woody Ju. Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings. He is a licensed professional engineer in Washington. In 1999. Tempe. Sherbrooke. where he has been for the past 2 years. and the development of new testing techniques for concrete materials and products. predictive modeling. Brown. where he has been a member of the faculty since 2000. Arlington. Seattle. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). He received his BSc and PhD in civil engineering from Laval University. QC. Brazil Alvin C. Nondestructive Testing of Concrete. Bommer. QC. Palmer Jr. NB. he co-founded the ICRI Quebec chapter. QC. instrumentation. He served on the Board of Directors of the ACI British Columbia Chapter and the ACI Florida First Coast Chapter. McGill University. in 1993. Fuentes. Silver Spring. Zurich. Vand. and Columns. Chester. Lawrence. Louis. 228. the University of Toronto. Toronto.concretes. His research interests include the design and behavior of structural concrete elements. MI Pericles C. Bischoff. Fredericton. LaFave. 318-D. Smith. He has been a leader in the development of concrete design software for 20 years. Duluth. and PhD in civil engineering from the University of New Brunswick. 435. Canada. Durability of Concrete. WA. He is a member of ACI Committees 118. 236. Canada. Breña is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Montreal. in 1995. Seattle. He is a licensed professional engineer in Quebec. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committees 421. Seismic Repair and Rehabilitation. Sordyl. Bommer is the Chief Design Engineer for Concrete Structures at Bentley Systems. respectively. Canada. and 447. QC. Sergio F. Boyd is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering. Urbana. respectively. McGrath. the use of fiber-reinforced polymer composites to rehabilitate existing structures. Obla.. MI Oan Chul Choi. NEW FELLOWS of ACI As approved by the ACI Board of Direction at the ACI Fall 2008 Convention in St. CA James M. Bonita Springs. in 1990 and 1996. Use of Computers. Ericson. Canada Mostapha A. 423. MO. MN Jeffrey L. with an emphasis on material characterization. NB. Breña. and the University of British Columbia. and is a member of ACI Committees 374. Boyd. Canada Allan P. 440. Prestressed Concrete. Tehran. She is a past member of the ACI Chapter Activities Committee and the ACI Educational Activities Committee. His research interests include the investigation of design and construction factors on the response and performance of new flexible and rigid pavements Concrete international / MARCH 2009 25 . Austin. Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement. She is a licensed professional engineer in Pennsylvania. JoAnn P. Student Education. She joined the Widener Faculty in 1981. coordinates the ACI FRP Composites Competition. MI. Simplified Design of Concrete Buildings. and pavement preservation. Neeraj Buch is a Professor and Director of the Pavement Research Center of Excellence. in 1988. respectively. DE. Environmental. She has served on the Board of Directors of the EPDACI Chapter and as Student Activities Chair for the ACI 2001 Convention in Philadelphia. She is a Past Chair of ACI Committee E804. Thin Reinforced Cementitious Products and Ferrocement. Brown received her BS in civil engineering technology from the University of Pittsburgh. and is a member of ACI Committees E801. Browning is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil. serves as Co-Chair of Subcommittee 440G. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and served as the Faculty Advisor for the ASCE student chapter at MSU for 6 years. Newark. University of Kansas. Buch has performed research on characterization of portland cement concrete mixtures and their impact on pavement design and performance. Her research interests include seismic performance of concrete building and bridge systems and durability of concrete bridge decks. Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings. PA. and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Michigan State University (MSU). She is Chair of ACI Committee 314. and was a member of the EPDACI Chapter’s Planning Committee. and is a member of ACI Committees E802. and her PhD in civil engineering from the University of Delaware. pavement response and performance modeling. and is a member of ACI Committees 318-D. West Lafayette. In addition. Teaching Methods and Educational Materials. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408.Bischoff Bissonnette Bommer Boyd Breña He received his BS in civil engineering from Universidad Iberoamericana. 374. East Lansing. in 1994 and 1995. and has served as Chairman of Civil Engineering for the past 8 years. Widener University. he has worked on numerous projects funded by state and federal highway agencies. Lexington. Material Science of Concrete. Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Bridges. the ACI Publications Committee. Mexico. She serves on the Board of Directors of the ACI Kansas Chapter. Slabs. and has hosted the annual competition at Widener since 2001. Lawrence. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. She is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). TX. Mexico City. IN. and 236. Education Awards Nomination Committee. in 1976. She is also a member of the Competition Committee for the ACI Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware (EPDACI) Chapter’s Student Concrete Beam Competition. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. and Architectural Engineering. She is a licensed professional engineer in Kansas. sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and ACI. Brown is an Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering. in 1990 and 2000. in 1998. Student Activities. He is Past Chair of ACI Committee 549. Her research interests include the use of fiber-reinforced polymers as reinforcement for structural concrete. He is Chair of ACI Committee 325. Browning received her BS and MS in civil engineering from the University of Kentucky. respectively. Chester. and 440. and Columns. 341. in 1989. PA. KS. She is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Vicki L. Johnstown. KY. He is an Instructor for the Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Overlays: State of The Technology Workshops. PA. Flexure and Axial Loads: Beams. Concrete Pavements. and her PhD in civil engineering from Purdue University. He has authored or co-authored over 75 technical articles and research reports. pervious concrete. CNPq (Brazilian Science Foundation). and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete structures. and is a member of the ACI Marketing Committee. OH. as well as the books Concrete Pavement Design. in 1988.Brown Browning Buch Choi Delatte (LTPP program). he taught courses on reinforced concrete for 3 years at Ulsan University and worked for 4 years at Hyundai Construction Company. He is Chair of ACI Committee E803. He is the Editor of the ASCE Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. He also received the Architectural Institute of Korea (AIK) Research Award in 2001 and the KCI Distinguished Achievement Award in 2003. Lawrence. Composite and Hybrid Structures. Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving. and has been on the faculty since 2003. Choi received his BS and MS in architectural engineering from Seoul National University in 1977 and 1981. Teaching Methods and Educational Materials. in 1984. roller-compacted concrete. He is a past member of the Scientific Committee of the ACI/KCI International Conference held in Seoul in 2000. His research interests include concrete pavements and overlays. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Charleston. He received the ACI Walter P. Pervious Concretes. Cleveland. and was the Organizing Chair of the ACI-KCI Joint Seminar. and the use of failure case studies in engineering education. fiberreinforced polymer reinforcement. He received his BS in civil engineering from The Citadel. Ann Arbor. Norbert J. and his PhD from Texas A&M University. He is a member of ACI Committees 335. 330. College Station. Federal University of Minas Gerais. Oan Chul Choi is a Professor of architectural engineering at Soongsil University. E802. 440. She is Chair of ACI Committee 348. He is a member of ACI Committees 327. and Performance (2007) and Beyond Failure: Forensic Case Studies for Civil Engineers (2008). He received the ACI Structural Research Award in 1996. and Virginia. and the Advisory Committee for Young Members. Faculty Achievement Award in 2003 and the ACI Delmar L. Department of Structural Engineering. and his PhD in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Concrete Pavements. Austin. MI. His research interests include bond of reinforcement to concrete. As Vice President of the Korea Concrete Institute (KCI). Brazil. his SM (master’s degree) in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. in 1990. Seoul. Prior to this. Structural Safety. AL. Korea. in 1995. Cambridge. MA. Sofia Maria Carrato Diniz is an Associate Professor. She has 26 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . and Chair of the ASCE Technical Council on Forensic Engineering. Korea. He has authored or co-authored over 50 technical papers and reports. Faculty Network Coordinating Committee. respectively. Belo Horizonte. composite and hybrid structures. Delatte is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Fenn College of Engineering at Cleveland State University (CSU). high-performance/high-strength concrete. in 1996. Bloem Distinguished Service Award in 2008. Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement. and the impact of dowel misalignment on the performance of concrete pavements. He has authored or co-authored over 100 technical papers and reports. KS. he has made efforts to enhance the relationship between ACI and KCI. TX. Alabama. in 2002. and is Past Chair of ACI Committee 325. He is a licensed professional engineer in Ohio. He received his MS from the University of Michigan. He received his PhD in civil engineering from the University of Kansas. the effectiveness of precast panels as a rapid repair alternative. Construction. in 1986. Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements. 522. Moore Jr. SC. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. Birmingham. TX. She is also a researcher with the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. He previously served on the faculty of the United States Military Academy and the University Alabama. in 1985. and her PhD in civil engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder. Alvin C. MA. She is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and Past Chair of the Joint SEI (Structural Engineering Institute)-ASCE Committee. He is a past member of ACI Committee 439. Safety. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 446. She has authored or co-authored over 70 technical papers and served as a reviewer for the ACI Materials Journal and the ACI Structural Journal. Safety of Buildings. He has been instrumental in promoting the use of the sectional precast concrete pile known as the “Fuentes Concrete Pile. He is a Fellow of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). Concrete Piles. Serviceability. To date. in 1977 and his MBA from Northeastern University. Ericson is an Independent Technical Consultant from Bonita Springs. His research interests include micromechanics of materials. specializing in precast concrete construction systems and connections. CO. and published eight books. making it a viable and sound foundation solution in hundreds of projects.” (patented worldwide by his father Gabriel Fuentes Jr. Mayaguez. and heavy and marine construction fields in and around Puerto Rico since 1971. and is a member of the Joint SEI-ASCE Technical Administrative Committee (TAC). Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. MA. Jorge L. failure mechanics. including the probabilistic modeling of loads and resistances and attendant codification issues. PR.. in 1994. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. Committee on Awards for Papers (CAP). She received her BS in civil engineering and MS in nuclear engineering from the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 1979 and 1988. He is a member of ACI Committees 201. respectively. materials modeling. and ACI Committee 318-C. which he also chaired from 2004 to 2008. CA. 228. Los Angeles. 551. and is a member of ACI Committees 370. fracture mechanics. University of California. He received his BS in art and design from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. from 1993 to 2000. former Chair of PCI’s Student Education Committee. Boulder. plasticity and viscoplasticity. Boston. Los Angeles (UCLA). Precast Concrete Structures. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 27 . micromechanical damage mechanics. Fuentes has been directly involved in the manufacture and installation of over 20 million feet of precast concrete piles. Nondestructive Testing of Concrete. deep excavations. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. FL. Jiann-Wen Woody Ju is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. PE). He served on the PCI Board of Directors from 2000 to 2003. Fuentes is a licensed professional engineer who has worked in the pile foundation. He has been a professor at UCLA since 1993. Fuentes received a BS in mechanical engineering from the University of Puerto Rico. Her research interests include high-performance materials. He is a Past Chair of the Structural Group of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and Past President of the Boston Chapter of the Massachusetts Society of Professional Engineers. and Co-Chair of the recently formed Blast Resistance and Structural Integrity Committee. Steel Reinforcement. He also is a member of ASTM International and other organizations that include nonprofit and publicly traded companies. Ju has authored or co-authored over 160 technical papers in scholarly journals and conference proceedings. continuum damage mechanics. Durability of Concrete. Fuentes served as Chair of ACI Committee 543. Tilt-Up Concrete Construction. Short Duration Dynamic and Vibratory Load Effects. and Analysis. He is Past President of the ACI New England Chapter. in 1971. Cambridge. He is Chair of the Emulative Detailing Task Group of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 550. concrete behavior and degradation.Diniz Ericson Fuentes Ju LaFave also served as a member on the Chester Paul Siess Award for Excellence in Structural Research Committee. Structural Safety and Reliability. MI. Taiwan. geomechanics. and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of California at Berkeley. in 1983 and 1986. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committees 421. nano-mechanics. CA. Berne. sc. Ju is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and received the 1997 ASCE Walter L. both from ETH. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. advanced composite materials. Toronto. techn. and 1997. He is Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352. He received the Illinois ASCE Student Chapter Outstanding Instructor Award in 2002 and 2005. evaluation of sign truss structures. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize. McGrath has worked for the Cement Association of Canada (CAC) for the past 27 years and 28 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . and design of structural concrete and masonry. He is a past member of several other ACI committees. He is Past Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445. Zurich. the ASTM International Alan H. Taipei. Ann Arbor. the Illinois College of Engineering Xerox Award for Faculty Research in 2005. Switzerland. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). and a past member of ACI Committee 318-E. James M. He is also a member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). and the Outstanding TMS Journal Paper Award from The Masonry Society in 2007. nano-materials. modeling.. finite element methods. Prior to this. His research interests include the experimental behavior and analytical modeling of structural connections and joints for applications such as performance and assessment of reinforced concrete buildings and bridge structures subjected to earthquakes. ON. Prestressed Concrete. Yorkdale Memorial Award in 2006. Masonry Standards Joint Committee. nonlinear computational mechanics. in 1980. nondestructive and destructive testing of concrete. and is a member of ACI Committee 374. Environmental and Geomatic Engineering. fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. PerformanceBased Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings. Canada. Shear and Torsion. IL. and a subcommittee member of Joint ACI-ASCE-TMS Committee 530. respectively. He received his BS and MS in civil engineering from the University of Illinois and his PhD in civil (structural) engineering from the University of Michigan. He is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario. innovative composite structural framing systems. 1987. Switzerland. and the 2008 Publication Award of Merit from the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois. Shear and Torsion. His research interests include the behavior. and Chief Technical Officer of the VSL Group. and concrete durability. Urbana. Peter Marti is a Professor of structural engineering and Head of the Department of Civil. Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs. degree in 1980. respectively. and 423. where he teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in structural design. he was an Associate Professor of structural engineering at the University of Toronto. He is a licensed professional engineer in California and Arizona. He also received the 1991 Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation. and coupled thermo-hygro-mechanical modeling of materials. Marti McGrath Mobasher Nemati Obla durability of concrete and composites. an Executive Vice President of VSL International Ltd. seismic and wind performance of light-frame construction with brick masonry veneer. the 1991 Alfred Rheinstein Faculty Award from Princeton University. the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. LaFave is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He received his BS in civil engineering from National Taiwan University. He received his diploma in civil engineering in 1973 and his Dr. in 1986. Joints and Connections in Monolithic Concrete Structures. biomechanics. Richard J. Berkeley. at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH). He is a licensed professional engineer. Thin Reinforced Cementitious Products and Ferrocement. analysis. He is the Editor of the last three editions of the CAC Concrete Design Handbook. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. Canada. and 549.3. and Joint ACI-TMS Committee 216. and Vice-Chairman of CSA Committee A23. WI. ON. AZ. He is a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) and a member of the National Building Code of Canada Part 3 Standing Committee on Fire Safety and Part 4 Standing Committee on Structural Design. Ottawa. He received his BS in 1983 from University of Wisconsin-Platteville. in 1978 and is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario. as well as a member of numerous other CSA committees. Codes and Standards and Engineered Structures. He is a member of ACI Committee 355. and a member of ACI Committees 544. fiber-reinforced concrete materials with a focus on the development of high-performance fiber and fabric- reinforced cement composites. blended cements. He is a Past Secretary and member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 446.currently serves as their Director. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Carleton University. Fire Resistance and Fire Protection of Structures. testing. his MS in 1985 from Northeastern CIRCLE READER CARD #8 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 29 . and testing. His research interests include sustainable-based design. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and has published over 100 peer-reviewed publications in various areas dealing with mechanics and durability aspects of concrete technology. Barzin Mobasher is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Fiber Reinforced Concrete. specification development. and modeling of mechanical properties of concrete materials. Arizona State University. Design of Concrete Structures Standard. He has been involved in research and education in the cement and concrete area for the past 25 years and was the recipient of an ACI Scholarship Award in 1984. Anchorage to Concrete. His research interests include the fire resistance of concrete structures and structural masonry performance. Tempe. He is Chairman of the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Strategic Standing Committee on Concrete and Related Products. modeling. design for durability. C601-D. Washington. Corrosion of Metals in Concrete. His research interests include the application of innovative experimental techniques to investigate the fracture behavior of concrete. Varanasi. William D.Palmer Schokker Smith Sordyl Stivaros University. masonry. and public works. where he develops technical and educational resources for the construction industry and consults on concrete. and the Chapter Activities Committee. Karthikeyan H. and his PhD in 1990 from Northwestern University. He is a licensed professional engineer in Michigan. Proportioning Concrete Mixtures. Certified Quality Technical Manager. Service Life Prediction. Concrete with Recycled Materials. Cracking. and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 446. Properties of Concrete at Early Ages. C640. Banaras Hindu University. He received his MS in civil engineering (environmental engineering) in 1982. MI. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. in 1991. all from the University of California at Berkeley. Palmer Jr. and accelerated pavement construction with portland cement concrete. specifications. He is a member of ACI Committees 306. where he was named Educational Committee Member of the Year in 2006. Obla’s research interests include concrete materials technology. He is a member of ACI Committees 224. He received his bachelor’s degree in technology in civil engineering from the Institute of Technology. He has authored or co-authored over 50 technical papers and reports. 350. 236. He is a Past Secretary of ACI Committee 236. IL. Concrete Pavements. Cold Weather Concreting. Berkeley. Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete. He is a Past Vice-President and Past President of the ACI San Antonio Chapter. in 1993 and 1997. Ann Arbor. 325. and the Certification Programs Committee. Palmer has contributed to concrete and 30 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . He is Secretary of ACI Committee 232. MD. Durability of Concrete. Fiber Reinforced Concrete. in 1994. MA. 231. 555. where he was also a post-doctoral research fellow until August 1998. respectively. test methods. Material Science of Concrete. Prior to joining NRMCA in 2003. Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures. is President of Complete Construction Consultants. Nemati is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Construction Management and Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Washington. He was an invited faculty member at the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan from 2005 to 2007. India. 544. the relationship between compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of highstrength concrete. Kamran M. and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of Michigan. Obla is an active member of various ASTM International and Transportation Research Board (TRB) technical committees and has authored or co-authored over 50 technical papers and reports. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International. Material Science of Concrete. Silver Spring. and the use of recycled materials. Research and Materials Engineering at the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA). Seattle. and New York. and C601-B. 211. Decorative Concrete Finisher. He is a licensed professional engineer in California. CA. his MEng in civil engineering (geotechnical and construction engineering) in 1985. Craftsman Certification. and his Master of City and Regional Planning (urban transportation planning) in 1999. he worked as a Technical Manager at Boral Material Technologies for 6 years. He received his PhD in civil engineering from the University of California at Berkeley. and a past member of ACI Committees 222. WA. He is Past Chair of ACI Committee E703. Obla is the Managing Director. and is a member of ACI Committees 201. He also served as a past member of the Board of Directors of the ACI Washington Chapter. Concrete Construction Practices. 365. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and a member of the International Association for Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS). Evaluation of Concrete Bridges and Bridge Elements. and the National Concrete. Prestressed of Professional Engineers (NSPE). first as an Engineering Editor for Concrete International. CO. Concrete Institute. the Division Offices in Hawaii and the chapter’s Arthur Y. Southfield. 1999 from the University of Texas at Austin. the Educational 1975.and before joining ACI. Smith is the Structures Engineer for the Construction of Concrete Floors. in Precast and Prestressed Concrete. Sordyl worked in various positions material-related improvements in prestressed concrete in structural engineering. he became Executive Director of The Masonry Society and was Editor in Chief of Concrete Construction magazine for 7 years. She is a past member of the International Committee and Lawrence. He received his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Colorado at Denver. in 1979. Proportioning Concrete Mixtures. concrete bridge rehabilitation. He received his Bachelor of Environmental Design Corrosion of Metals in Concrete. and her PhD in ACI Foundation. then as ACI’s Director of Education from 1989 to 1994. 222. and (with an emphasis in post-tensioning applications) and company operations for Giffels Associates and ARCADIS. in 1982. 301. and is a member Andrea J. of Civil Engineers (ASCE). project management. He is also the Staff Liaison to ACI’s Board She received her BS in 1993 and her MS in 1994 from Advisory Committee on Sustainable Development and the Washington University. the Precast/ She is a member of the ACI Board of Direction and Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). a past He has authored or co-authored several reports and Board Member and Treasurer for the USGBC Detroit developed training courses related to concrete bridge Regional Chapter. Sordyl is the Managing Director of the She received the ACI Young Member Award for Strategic Development Council and the Managing Director Professional Achievement in 2004 and was named ACI of Marketing. 224. and a Board member. Austin. Prior to this. and his MSCE from the University of Kansas. During his 29 years of service. MI. St. Sales & Industry Relations for the American Education Committee Member of the Year in 2003. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). Moy Memorial Award in 2008. Denver. She is also a member and corrosion. the Structural Engineering Association of Michigan. KS. MO. 345. Jeffrey L. Activities Committee. bridge design. and Repair. the National Society Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423. Douglas J.masonry education. He is a past member of ACI Committees 211. Iowa City. Civil Engineering at the University of Minnesota Duluth. (Architecture) from Miami University. Schokker is a Professor and the Head of of ACI Committees 343. He is also a member of the University for 9 years. Kansas. She is also a member of the engineer in Ohio and Virginia. in 1980 and his master’s degree from the University of Tagnit-Hamou Vand Yazdani Iowa. the sustainability of concrete structures. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Sustainability of Concrete. He received Bridge Design Office. and the Resource Center Structures Technical Sordyl is a past charter member and Past President of Services Team. in 1995. 318-G. Past President. Louis. Oxford. she was on the faculty at Pennsylvania State and 364. Rehabilitation. the American Institute of Steel Concrete international / MARCH 2009 31 . He is Secretary of ACI Committee 342. Concrete Bridge Design. and the Membership Committee. Concrete Bridge Construction. Network Coordinating Committee. Farmington Hills. Toledo. and a member of the American Society design and bridge rehabilitation courses. IA. Federal Highway Administration in the Kentucky Division He was Co-Chair of the ACI Spring 2002 Convention in Office. he Detroit. Specifications for Concrete. She is a Past Chair and member of the ACI Chapter His research interests include concrete bridge Activities Committee and ACI Committee E803. Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE). Frankfort. MI. of ACI Committees 130. In 1995. He was also Executive Vice President of the American Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC). MI. Maintenance. Faculty evaluation. KY. TX. and 302. Cracking. He is a licensed professional the Scholarship Committee. his BSCE from the University of Toledo. He is a licensed professional engineer in Michigan and Colorado. OH. For 30 years Schokker’s research interests include design. and has held positions in the Federal Lands Highway Division Secretary of the ACI Greater Michigan Chapter. OH. and the Advisory Committee for Young Members. and 544. Mostapha A. and formwork and shoring/reshoring design. QC. Concrete with Recycled Materials. and co-founder of Vand Construction Chemicals Company. respectively. Stivaros is a Principal with Feld. MO. in 1981. Sherbrooke. and Tennessee. 32 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . Faculty Network Coordinating Committee. OK. and is a member of ACI Committees 350. Fiber Reinforced Concrete. in 1977. and 423. supplementary cementitious materials. Prior to that. He has been the ACI Iran Chapter Secretary since 1994 and was the recipient of the Chapter Activities Award in 2008. microstructure and durability. He presents seminars on Troubleshooting Concrete Forming and Shoring for ACI and is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). structural testing and distress analysis. in 1978 and 1980. Research and Current Development. He is also a member of ASTM International. Shotcrete Nozzleman Certification. the ACI International Certification Committee. Nur Yazdani is the Chairman and a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington. Parking Structures. Canada. Boumerdes. He is also an Adjunct Professor of structural engineering and has authored several publications on formwork and shoring/reshoring construction operations and concrete testing and evaluation. Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures. College Park. Kaminetzky & Cohen. His research interests include structural design and analysis of building systems. He has authored and co-authored more than 20 technical papers and reports. concrete properties for bridge applications. He is on the Editorial Board of the ASCE Journal of Bridge Engineering. Dean of Moassesseh Amoozesheh Alveh Beton. He received his BS in civil engineering from the University of Engineering & Technology. and the ACI TAC Tolerances Coordinating Committee. structural evaluation and rehabilitation of buildings and other structures. and is a member of ACI Committees 357. 555. Sordyl received his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in 1973 and his master’s degree in engineering in 1976 from the University of Detroit. Yazdani is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and a member of the Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). Hungary. Morgantown. Concrete Bridge Design. Sustainability of Concrete. and the Engineering Society of Detroit (ESD). and is responsible for developing testing and monitoring programs for distressed structures and concrete structures in particular. 362.Construction (AISC). His research interests include physico-chemistry. respectively. Arlington. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). He is a licensed professional engineer in Michigan and California. MD. Consulting Engineers. where he also heads the Disaster Mitigation group. Cyprus. Rolla. Jericho. Yazdani is the Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343. Jenny PCI Fellowship in 1995 and the Davis Productivity Award from the State of Florida in 2005. the ACI Board Advisory Committee on Sustainable Development. and disaster mitigation of concrete structures. MI. Offshore and Marine Concrete Structures.C. He is in charge of the testing department of the firm. Algeria. and E803. failure investigations. Detroit. He has served on the review panels of the National Cooperative Highway Research Institute (NCHRP). with emphasis in both structural and environmental/urban planning. fiber-reinforced concrete. Dhaka. in 1989. Pericles C. Connecticut. He is Chair of the International Roundtable Steering Committee for the 2009 roundtable in Cairo. Tagnit-Hamou received his undergraduate degree in chemical engineering from the Institut National des Hydrocarbures et de la Chimie (INHC). 1981. and his PhD from the University of Maryland. He received his degree in civil engineering from Higher Technical Institute (HTI). and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from West Virginia University. and is a member of the ACI International Committee. P. He is a member of ACI Committees 130. Arezki Tagnit-Hamou is a Full Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Université de Sherbrooke. He is a licensed professional engineer in Texas. in 1984 and 1988.. He is a licensed professional engineer in New York. Formwork for Concrete. and sustainable development. He is Chair of ACI Committee 347. and ACI Committees C660. WV. in 1984. He has authored or co-authored over 75 technical papers and research reports. Sordyl is also an ex-officio Board member of the Tilt-Up Concrete Association (TCA). in 1980 and his doctoral degree in silicate chemistry and technology from the University of Veszprém. TX. Prestressed Concrete. and the Strategic Development Council (SDC). His research interests include self-consolidating concrete and the use of nano materials in high-performance/highdurability concrete. Egypt. Vand is the Director and CEO of the Concrete Research and Educational Center of Iran. Norman. his MS in civil engineering from the University of Oklahoma. He received the Daniel P. He is a past member of ACI Committees 123. NY. Bangladesh. he was a faculty member at the Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering. Yazdani’s research interests include concrete bridge design and rehabilitation. Vand received his BS and MS in civil engineering from the University of Missouri. CIRCLE READER CARD #9 . 34 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . S. The entire structure is supported by a mat foundation. concrete was the material of choice for the structural system. which simplified installation (Fig. The hybrid system combines the elasticity of highstrength. 2 is a dual system of two centrally located. The seismic forceresisting system shown in Fig. with large volumes of portland cement replaced with slag cement. This allowed the slab soffits to remain exposed as a finished ceiling and allowed the hydronic tubes to be located at the bottom of the slabs. were also integrated into the design to reduce the embodied energy and carbon footprint of the structure. The defining feature of this system is its unique self-centering behavior that virtually eliminates permanent post-earthquake deformations. 3). Concrete international / MARCH 2009 35 . and lighting systems and is expected to be LEED® Platinum certified by the U.3 million. Green Building Council. and the slabs were integral to the installation and functioning of the radiant heating and cooling systems. With its distinctive elongated bullet shape. The thermal mass is a key factor in reducing operational energy usage. With plan dimensions of approximately 62 x 196 ft (19 x 60 m). the Brower Center comprises roughly 50. The perimeter columns are architecturally exposed. plumbing.000 ft2 (4650 m2) of the 225. PROJEcT DEscRIpTION The project is a combination of the four separate elements shown in Fig. ground floor retail space.6 mile (1 km) of the Hayward Fault. 1) will provide offices and meeting space for environmental advocacy and nonprofit groups. and the cost of the Brower Center alone is estimated to be around $15. the new David Brower Center (Fig. CA. incorporates many features of sustainable design in the structural. Specialized concrete mixtures. and a 60 kW photovoltaic trellis crowning the Brower Center roof.Sustainability through Strength Integrating post-tensioned lateral systems and slag cement concrete for a model of environmental architecture BY MARK STEVENsON AND LEO PANIAN S ituated in downtown Berkeley. C-shaped. The project. and an underground parking garage. The construction cost of the entire project is about $50 million. a multi-unit residential structure. named after one of the preeminent environmentalists of the twentieth century. mechanical. Floors consist of post-tensioned concrete flat slabs supported by uniformly arrayed columns. the structure integrates a unique combination of post-tensioned concrete walls and frames that make efficient use of construction materials and will improve performance and limit damage. To protect the building against a highly likely major earthquake. 2: the four-story David Brower Center containing office space and a conference center. electrical. unbonded tendons with the energy dissipation capacity of mild steel reinforcement to control the inelastic response of the structure. a basement cistern system to store rainwater runoff from the roofs and plazas for landscape irrigation. vertically post-tensioned core walls acting in conjunction with transverse posttensioned moment frames at the ends of the building.900 m2) complex. For both cost and environmental reasons. Other nonstructural strategies to minimize energy and water use included operable windows to allow natural ventilation.000 ft2 (20. the Brower Center forms the northern boundary of the complex. The mechanical systems were run under a raised-floor system rather than hanging from the bottom of the slab. within 0. rooftop-mounted solar water heaters. This article is focused on the David Brower Center. the seismic force-resisting system incorporates post-tensioned cast-inplace concrete structural walls and post-tensioned moment-resisting frames that are seamlessly integrated with the building architecture. substantially reducing conventional reinforcement in flexural members and resulting in more compact dimensions and improved constructibility. the system provides improved ductility and is less prone to physical damage during earthquake shaking. traditional hooked bars and crossties were not practical in the first two stories of 36 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . This becomes even more critical in post-tensioned seismic-resisting systems. CA. the post-tensioning provides significant strength enhancement.0 or greater magnitude earthquake within the service life of the structure. where the added imposed compressive forces push concrete close to its ultimate crushing strain. permanent offsets can interfere with the functioning of doors. Structural walls proportioned so that the overall flexural strength attributable to post-tensioning alone is more than 55% of the total flexural strength. respectively. Figures 4 and 5 show typical reinforcing details at critical regions of the walls and frames. 14 (No. even though residual drift and widespread damage to nonstructural components may render it unfit for continued use. a major aspect of sustainable construction is continued functionality of the structure after the occurrence of a large earthquake. A typical code-compliant building would be considered well-performing if it remained standing and allowed safe evacuation of the inhabitants after a major seismic event. nonlinear response history analyses were used in conjunction with capacity design principles. 43) vertical flexural bars at the bases of the structural walls and No. In such buildings. Residual drifts and permanent deformations turned out to be negligible. elevator shafts. eliminate nonductile failure modes. while the reinforcement was anticipated to experience significant yielding. The mild steel reinforcing bars yield to dissipate energy during a seismic event. exemplified the missions of the environmental advocacy and nonprofit groups that will lease its office and meeting space SEIsMIcITY ANd SUsTAINABILITY The site is near a major fault system that is likely to produce a 7. Strains in the unbonded post-tensioning strands were limited to the elastic range. protection of the investment in energy and materials is a key “green” construction goal. Key aspects of the design approach include: Basic strength design to meet seismic design criteria as defined in ASCE 73 and ACI 3184 for special reinforced concrete walls and moment-resisting frames. which means that slightly more than half the total resistance is derived from posttensioning and contributes to the recentering effect. In other words. 11 (No.6 Interstory drifts under the design basis earthquake were kept well below the maximum prescribed by code to limit potential damage.5. To predict forces in critical elements. 1: Design and construction of the David Brower Center in Berkeley. and ensure a stable flexural mechanism.Fig. and other nonstructural components to such an extent that repairs are not economically feasible. In this setting. Section ductility and good hysteretic behavior require that core concrete retain its integrity under high compressive strains and repeated load reversals. POsT-TENsIONEd CONcRETE SEIsMIc SYsTEMs To best meet the cost and environmental goals for the project. Given the large No. 36) bars at the hinge regions combined with the functional need to minimize overall core dimensions. A critical aspect of seismic detailing for structural concrete is confinement. Properly proportioned.1.2 The elastic restoring component is proportioned to be somewhat larger than the yielding component. The flexural behavior of a posttensioned structural system is ideal for this application. Walls and frame elements designed with sufficient concrete area and strength to minimize crushing strains and maintain stable compression zones at ultimate response. while the unbonded tendons remain elastic to provide a positive restoring force that centers the structure following the event. Moreover. and The use of capacity design principles for shear design. windows. 6 in. 2: Models of the David Brower Center: (a) the project included spaces for a multi-unit residential portion (upper left). with typical portland cement replacement values of 50% for slabs. The rate of strength gain can have a significant impact on the construction schedule. The carbon footprint was minimized by using slag cement to replace large portions of the portland cement in the concrete. Low-impact mixtures were used throughout the project.(a) (b) (c) Fig. office and conference space (upper right). Confinement above the third floor was through the use of traditional hooked crossties. with retail space below. a 5000 to 6000 psi (34 to 41 MPa) post-tensioned slab is Concrete international / MARCH 2009 37 . Typically. These include rate of strength gain. consisting of vertically post-tensioned structural walls and post-tensioned frames the cores. and below-grade parking (basement). (b) overall structure of the office center. columns. The mixtures used for the Brower Center typically had portland cement contents of 200 to 400 lb/yd3 (120 to 240 kg/m3). reduced embodied energy. mixtures containing large amounts of slag cement have some unique properties that affect design and construction. This is very low by traditional standards. and reduced life-cycle cost. This saved an estimated 5000 tons (4500 tonnes) of CO2 emissions for the project. This approach allowed the ducts to be cast in place and the strands to be installed after the concrete was placed. (15 mm) diameter. and 70% for the mat foundation. Because the elevated slabs were post-tensioned. as commonly available 3000 psi (21 MPa) concrete can have a portland cement content around 500 to 600 lb/yd3 (300 to 360 kg/m3). the floor slabs contained lighting conduit and tubing for the hydronic heating and cooling system in addition to the prestressed and mild reinforcement GREEN MIXTUREs Although in many ways they are similar to conventional concrete. and walls. and ability to form fine details. Headed bars were used at the most congested sections where anchorage of longitudinal or transverse reinforcement was critical. Fig. Minimizing the amount of portland cement used in the concrete—typically a major component of embodied energy and carbon footprint for a concrete structure—was a key aspect of attaining this goal. and typical shotcrete mixtures can contain up to 850 lb/yd3 (500 kg/m3). the time between concrete placement and slab stressing was a critical-path item. finishing behavior. CONcRETE ANd CARBON FOOTpRINT The project design goals emphasized efficiency in resource use. Their compact shape allowed them to be closely spaced while effectively engaging the horizontal and vertical bars. 3: Although much of the mechanical and electrical systems were located under a raised floor (instead of hanging from the ceiling). and (c) the lateral force-resisting system of the office center. The post-tensioning tendons used in the walls and frames consist of bundles of 0. individually sheathed and greased strands in corrugated metal ducts. Tendons typically contained 11 to 17 strands and terminated in multi-strand anchorage devices. The contractor also reported that the slag cement mixtures pumped and placed well. Strength gain beyond the initial 7 to 10 days was similar for mixtures both with and without slag cement for values of ƒ'c between 3000 and 6000 psi (21 and 41 MPa). Additionally. The amount and quality of this slag have not been consistent. The initial 8000 psi (55 MPa) mixture containing 50% slag cement replacement that was used in the structural walls. 5: Typical reinforcement details at the intersection of the columns and the post-tensioned beams for the two lateral forceresisting frames Fig. however. was found to be particularly slow in achieving strength.S. Slag cement mixtures also required modified finishing operations. Material availability on the West Coast of the U. Most conventional mixtures. Initial set is somewhat delayed. Bleed water expelled during 38 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . required to reach 3000 psi (21 MPa) before the strands can be stressed. Most slag available in California is imported from China. For the uppermost structural wall placement. slag cement was reduced to 40% of the total cementitious materials to speed strength gain. will perhaps lead to increased availability. control of evaporative moisture loss is important. Growing demand for slag cement. the net impact on the construction schedule was minor. Placements during colder weather were typically slower to reach strength. under typical conditions. As the Brower Center has only four elevated decks and the adjacent plaza portion was on a separate construction track. the Brower Center supplier. so use of curing compounds can be helpful. however. showing improved workability. had to erect a temporary slag cement silo to service the project. Hanson Asphalt & Ready Mix. The 50% slag cement mixtures used in the Brower Center often reached stressing strength within 5 days. Some mixtures that did not contain slag cement were used when slag cement was temporarily unavailable or in miscellaneous applications such as stair pan fill. This mixture produced an average strength of 8600 psi (55 MPa) at 56 days. can meet this criterion in 3 to 5 days. a wide range of temperatures was encountered. This allowed comparison of the effects of slag cement inclusion under field conditions. but in a number of instances required 7 to 10 days. so many producers have not made provisions for its use. Another characteristic of the high slag cement content mixtures was a tendency for formed surfaces to have rounded corners and edges. more time must be allowed between floating and troweling. reports from the field indicated that finishing of slag cement concrete is relatively less difficult than finishing high fly ash content mixtures. and more bleed water rises during floating. Because construction continued from late autumn through late spring. is sporadic. Figure 6 shows typical strength gain characteristics for the different mixtures used on the project. Some samples required as much as 90 days to reach the full design NONsTRUcTURAL IssUEs WITH SLAg CEMENT CONcRETE There are additional considerations related to the use of slag cement beyond structural concerns. Despite these issues. 4: Reinforcement for a typical structural wall at the level detailed as a plastic hinge region strength.Fig. J. 2005.. pp. CA. V. 721 pp. CA Contractor: Cahill Contractors. 1992. or other fine features were required in exposed surfaces. He is a licensed structural and civil engineer in California with more than 15 years of experience specializing in the design of steel and concrete structures with particular expertise in seismic engineering. Steyer. but further investigation is needed to determine how to adjust the mixtures to correct this behavior. 10. Fig.. M.” PTI Journal.N. If a building must be constructed where extreme events are highly likely. pp. and Tipping. 1. the structural system must be robust enough to ensure the building remains functional and not part of the recycling or waste streams.C. Farmington Hills. leaving a sandy residue with a radius of 1/16 to 1/8 in. the advantages offered by these concepts and systems are being increasingly recognized and used.. 5. San Francisco.. S. and snap ties. with the long. The structural material must be selected to reduce energy demand and carbon footprint. Reston. CA Owner/Developer: Equity Community Builders. 2007. and wood structures with an emphasis on multi-unit residential housing. allowed a 100% daylight design—no interior lighting is required under normal conditions. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings. L. concrete. M. He is a licensed structural and civil engineer in California with more than 10 years of experience in the design of steel. M.. L.9 MPa) TEAMWORK Sustainable design requires a systems design approach.” American Concrete Institute. VA. 29. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 39 . 430 pp. and Priestley. 39-45. New York. The David Brower Center exemplifies these concepts. 388 pp. 3. 2. If it can also help optimize thermal and lighting systems. The light color of the concrete walls and painted ceilings.M. M. CA Concrete Supplier: Hanson Asphalt & Ready Mix. 389-416. “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (318R-05). Steyer. This was problematic where reveals. 4.. Leo Panian is an Associate at Tipping Mar +associates in Berkeley. Selected for reader interest by the editors. Pavia. G. High-volume slag cement concrete offered advantages in the interior environment as the whiter color of the concrete was included in the interior lighting design. No. Displacement Based Seismic Design of Structures. Paulay. sharp corners.. corners. 7-16. CA. CA References 1.. Though not yet widespread in practice. IUSS Press.. PROJEcT CREdITs Architect: Solomon E.N.. He is a graduate of UC-Berkeley and UC-San Diego with a master’s degree in structural engineering. and Kowalsky. 2005. “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-05).” Concrete International. V. creating shade in summer months and allowing light infiltration in winter months. Mark Stevenson is an Associate at Tipping Mar +associates in Berkeley. “Post-Tensioned Concrete Walls for Seismic Resistance. Oct.” American Society of Civil Engineers. 2007. narrow building footprint. T.form vibration appeared to rinse out the cement paste at form joints. Berkeley. “Post-Tensioned Shotcrete Shearwalls. pp. No. (1. then the architectural and engineering teams must work together to achieve those efficiencies. San Francisco. NY. ACI Committee 318. Italy.J. He is a graduate of the University of California (UC)-Berkeley and the University of Michigan with a master’s degree in structural engineering. M. S. John Wiley & Sons. San Francisco. Panian. Priestley.J.5 to 3 mm).T. 6... Calvi. Patching provided a good final appearance. Berkeley. July 2007. and Tipping. 5. CA / RCD. Panian. 6: Comparison of strength development characteristics for concrete mixtures used in the Brower Center (1 ksi = 6. Exterior sun shades enhance this effect and are designed for optimal sun exposure. MI. ACI Spring 2009 Convention March 15-19, 2009 Marriott Rivercenter, San Antonio, TX * SPECIAL EVENTS A ttendees of the ACI Spring 2009 Convention in San Antonio will have the opportunity to attend a variety of special events and social gatherings. ACI has worked closely with the ACI San Antonio Chapter to create and plan special events for everyone to enjoy. Here are some of the special events you can enjoy this spring! Sunday, March 15, 2009 Student Concrete FRP Composites and Concrete Construction Competitions Opening Session and Awards Program Opening Reception For more information on each of the special events being offered, please visit www.aciconvention.org. Register onsite at the Marriott Rivercenter in Salons G-I. * * * * Tuesday, March 17, 2009 Monday, March 16, 2009 Student Lunch * * * * Contractors’ Day Lunch Concrete Mixer—A Night in Old San Antonio! Wednesday, March 18, 2009 CMC Texas Technical Tour International Lunch 68 SAN ANTONIO! DECEMBER 2008 Infrastructure - Concrete Practice & Placement / Concrete international Investigating Construction Methods for Longtan Dam An experimental study of surface treatments for roller-compacted concrete BY LEI YaNG aND JONaTHaN J. SHI R oller-compacted concrete (RCC) is zero-slump concrete placed and compacted with earth-moving and paving equipment, such as dump trucks, bulldozers, and vibratory rollers. Following its birth in the 1960s, RCC became widely used to build pavements and dams. Since building its first RCC dam in 1986 at Fujian Province, China has made significant progress and breakthroughs in dam style, raw materials, design, and construction methods1,2 and will soon be home to the world’s tallest RCC dam with RCC currently being placed. Longtan Dam, started on July 1, 2001, and scheduled to be completed in December 2009, will have a height of 710 ft (216.5 m).3 Longtan Dam is located in a semi-tropical climatic zone in Guangxi Province, China. Weather conditions in this region are characterized by hot temperatures and a long rainy season. With rapidly changing conditions that include 84 days per year with a rainfall of 0.024 to 0.4 in. (0.6 to 10 mm) and high temperatures up to 102 °F (39 °C) in July, the weather can seriously disrupt RCC construction. Due to its height and large volume, there are a great number of horizontal construction joints, and many of them may become cold joints (surfaces aged beyond initial set) during construction. In this study, different methods for treating layer joints in the Longtan RCC project were analyzed. The objective was to identify an efficient, easy-to-use treatment method that can meet the bonding requirements. The findings will help ensure smooth construction and high construction quality. proceeding with the next layer.4 Bond strength at the joint between two adjacent layers is one of the most important factors to ensure the dam’s integrity and stability against high water pressure from the reservoir, to prevent seepage along the joints, and to resist seismic activity. An effective approach to accomplishing high bond strength is to start constructing a new layer on top of an existing layer before the lower layer reaches initial set. If an RCC layer cannot be covered by a new layer before initial set, a cold joint may be produced that will become the weakest link in the RCC dam. Shear strength, characterized by cohesion and an internal friction coefficient, is commonly used to measure bond strength at joints.5 Studies have shown that shear strength can be significantly improved when the joint is properly treated by washing, brushing, and cleaning the surface, and placing bedding materials before the upper layer of RCC is placed. Conclusions about the effectiveness of different treatment methods, however, are not consistent. SPEcimENS BONd STRENGTH AT JOiNTS RCC for dams is placed in layers 1 to 2 ft (0.3 to 0.6 m) thick across the full width and length of the dam before The RCC constituents and mixture proportions were based on the design specifications for the Longtan Dam provided by the Midsouth Design & Research Institute of China and are shown in Table 1. The three mixtures used for the specimens had cementitious materials contents of 337, 303, and 270 lb/yd3 (200, 180, and 160 kg/m3). A volume of retarding admixture equal to 0.4% of the cementitious materials volume was added to each mixture to extend setting time. Time intervals of 4, 12, 24, and 72 hours between placement of the first and second layers were investigated. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 41 Two bedding materials, a cement-fly ash slurry and cement mortar, were used to treat the surface between the layers. For comparison, the untreated joint with no bedding material was also included. Mixture proportions for the bedding materials are shown in Table 2. The bedding material was 0.4 to 0.6 in. (10 to 15 mm) thick and placed on a prepared surface cleaned by TABLE 1 RCC MIXTUrE PrOPOrTIONS AND PrOPErTIES Material or property Water, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Cement, lb/yd (kg/m )* 3 3 RCC I 125 (74) 152 (90) 185 (110) 1244 (738) 3 ‡ RCC II 123 (73) 126 (75) 177 (105) 1244 (738) 758 (450) 1011 (600) 758 (450) 1.21 (0.72) 0.405 303 (180) 4224 (2506) 4.5 RCC III 121 (72) 93 (55) 177 (105) 1256 (745) 765 (454) 1020 (605) 765 (454) 1.08 (0.64) 0.450 270 (160) 4232 (2511) 5.0 Fly ash, lb/yd (kg/m ) 3 3 † Sand, lb/yd (kg/m ) 3 3 Aggregate, lb/yd (kg/m ): 3 0 to 0.8 in. (0 to 20 mm) 0.8 to 1.6 in. (20 to 41 mm) 1.6 to 3.2 in. (41 to 81 mm) Retarding admixture, lb/yd (kg/m ) 3 3 § 757 (449) 1010 (599) 757 (449) 1.35 (0.80) 0.370 337 (200) 4195 (2489) || w/cm Cementitious materials, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Density, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Vibrating compaction (VC) value 5.0 *Guangxi province Liuzhou cement factory production “YuFeng” 525# portland cement conforming to cement grade requirements with no alkali-aggregate reaction. † Guangxi province Tiandong power plant production of Grade II fly ash. ‡ Crushed limestone with a 3 in. (76 mm) maximum aggregate size. § Zhejiang province Longyou admixture factory production ZB-I RCC15 retarding type, water-reducing admixture. || The VC value is used to measure the consistency of RCC in China. TABLE 2: BEDDING MATErIAL MIXTUrE PrOPOrTIONS AND PrOPErTIES Material or property Water, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Cement, lb/yd (kg/m )* 3 3 Cement-fly ash slurry Cement mortar 656 (389) 1200 (712) 1468 (871) — 3 3 ‡ 320 (190) 366 (217) 549 (326) 2607 (1547) 4 (2.2) 0.350 915 (543) 3833 (2274) Fly ash, lb/yd (kg/m ) 3 3 † Sand, lb/yd (kg/m ) 3 3 rough brushing prior to placing the bedding material. All of the specimens were constructed in a trough in a controlled laboratory environment. The trough was 2 ft (600 mm) deep, 20 ft (6 m) long, 9 ft (2.8 m) wide, and could hold two 3 in. (75 mm) thick compacted layers. The following procedure was used to construct the specimens: ■ Dump and spread the lower loose layer of RCC about 4.7 in. (120 mm) thick; ■ Compact the lower layer with a vibratory roller at the design speed and number of passes; ■ Wait for the time interval being studied, prepare the joint surface, and place a layer of bedding material; ■ Place the upper layer of RCC on the bedding material; ■ Compact the upper layer with a vibratory roller at the design speed and number of passes; ■ Sawcut six 6 x 6 in. (150 x 150 mm) specimens from the 6 in. (150 mm) thick RCC slab; ■ Cure the specimens; and ■ Measure the shear strength of the specimens at the joints. This procedure was adopted to simulate the actual construction conditions for the project. The specimens were constructed during the summer under relatively high temperature and humidity conditions that were similar to actual construction conditions. Therefore, no additional measures were taken to control temperature and humidity during the experiment. Retarding admixture, lb/yd (kg/m ) w/cm 16 (9.5) 0.246 2668 (1583) 3069 (1821) TESTiNG ANd RESULTS Cementitious materials, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Measured density, lb/yd3 (kg/m3) *Guangxi province Liuzhou cement factory production “YuFeng” 525# portland cement conforming to cement grade requirements with no alkali-aggregate reaction. † Guangxi province Tiandong power plant production of Grade II fly ash. ‡ Zhejiang province Longyou admixture factory production ZB-I RCC15 retarding type, water-reducing admixture. Both peak shear stress and sliding friction tests were conducted. Based on the Coulomb formula, shear stress τ can be expressed as: τ = C ′ + f ′ σ Eq. (1) where τ is the peak shear stress at the layer joint, σ is the normal stress 42 MaRCH 2009 / Concrete international 92 55 60 45 60 63 60 54 55 44 56 53 43 1266 (8. psi (MPa) 96 (0. the values of C ′ and f ′ were determined.29) 1371 (9.77) 555 (3.89) 16 (0. 218.91 1. the shear was increased until large horizontal displacements were recorded. psi (MPa) C.27 1.44 1. A normal stress of 109.12) 1330 (9.47) 605 (4. deg τ†.00 MPa) was imposed on the specimen during the test.05) 524 (3.21 1. or 435 psi (0.31 1.20) 155 (1.98 1.67) 297 (2.66) 1329 (9.47 1.01) 529 (3. By plotting the measured σ and τ values and using the least squares method to determine a best-fit straight line through the data points.89 0.75 1. The value in the table is the average value of τ for the three treatment methods at a given TABLE 3: SHEAr STrENGTH rESULTS FOr SPEcIMENS cONSTrUcTED WITH DIFFErENT TIME INTErVALS bETWEEN cASTING OF UPPEr AND LOWEr LAYErS OF RCC Peak shear strength Time interval.61) 55 (0. where f ′= tan φ. All specimens were tested at an age of 180 days and were made of RCC with a cementitious materials content of 337 lb/yd3 (200 kg/m3).0 (MPa). psi (MPa) Sliding friction strength .70 1.11 1.48) 408 (2.35 0.07) φ.04 0. combinations of four time intervals and three treatment methods were studied. psi (MPa) 640 (4.34) 582 (4.84) 38 (0.4 Effect of time interval To determine the effect of the time interval between placing the upper and lower layers. A higher sliding friction indicated a stronger material along the joint interface. psi (MPa) φ.16) 122 (0.88 1.73 . and M = cement mortar.61) 937 (6.99 1.83) 822 (5.66) 1256 (8.41) 595 (4.18 0.32) 554 (3.07) 402 (2.31) 592 (4.90) 1.15) 590 (4. † τ = C + f × 3.10) 940 (6.08) 574 (3. and f ′ is the internal friction coefficient on the surface of the layer joint. (1) at σ = 435 psi (3.25. τ = C × 435 (psi) Concrete international / MARCH 2009 43 .66) 52 48 54 53 46 42 50 49 42 41 47 36 648 (4.17) 1002 (6. The sliding friction test was performed on each specimen after the peak shear stress was reached.81) 457 (3.26) 22 (0.52) 531 (3.15) 1249 (8.78) 122 (0.15) 1273 (8. C ′ is the cohesion.82) 503 (3.84) 88 (0.66) 550 (3.59) 29 (0.17) 625 (4.06) 1323 (9. The internal friction coefficient is often described in terms of the friction angle φ.61) 856 (5. 2.38) 1144 (7.09 0.46) 1111 (7.35 1. 1. hours Joint treatment* N 4 S M N 12 S M N 24 S M N 72 S M C ′.47) 473 (3.91) 1182 (8.at the joint surface.45) 1169 (8. or 3.50.96) 484 (3.0 MPa) is listed in Table 3.26) 511 (3.75.65) 171 (1. deg τ. psi (MPa) f′ f 1.79) 627 (4.99 1. The sliding friction strength was plotted and a straight line was fitted to the data to yield an apparent cohesion (C ) and sliding friction coefficient ( f ).11) 94 (0. S = cement-fly ash slurry.44 0.73 0.38 1. Under each normal stress.18) 1101 (7. 326. The value of τ calculated using Eq.65) 482 (3.73) 1347 (9.32) *Joint treatment method: N = no treatment. psi (MPa) 402 (2.32) 590 (4.42 1.58) 1146 (7. psi (MPa) φ.55) 653 (4.61) 983 (6.85) 540 (3.47) 62 (0.40) 599 (4. Values of C ′ and f ′ corresponding to different time intervals are also plotted in Fig.65) 38 (0.18 0.41 1.77) 555 (3.21 1. 1: Bond strength properties produced by the tested surface treatment methods at various time intervals between placing the upper and lower layers of RCC: (a) cohesion C ′ at zero normal stress. psi (MPa) 55 (0.48) 954 (6.61) 55 (0. psi (MPa) f′ f 1.78) 1231 (8. deg τ.48) 1230 (8.38) 690 (4.83) 822 (5.30) 50 50 42 52 47 45 52 46 48 582 (4. 1.91) 1182 (8. For joints with cement mortar bedding material.89 kPa) TABLE 4: SHEAr STrENGTH rESULTS FOr SPEcIMENS cONSTrUcTED WITH DIFFErENT RCC cEMENTITIOUS MATErIALS cONTENTS Cementitious materials content.15) 1249 (8.68) 493 (3.66 MPa) when the time interval increased from 4 to 72 hours.26) 635 (4.98 1.99 1. and (b) internal friction coefficient f ′.38) φ.18 54 55 44 55 49 55 55 49 50 1002 (6. 44 MaRCH 2009 / Concrete international .26) 1127 (7. and M = cement mortar.44 0.07) 534 (3. (1 psi = 6.89) 16 (0.22) 328 (2.01) 529 (3.73) 534 (3.72) 531 (3.17 1. τ decreased from 1370 to 1256 psi (9.17 1. S = cement-fly ash slurry.89 1. Sliding friction strength shows the same trend.76) 1. deg τ.04 1. psi (MPa) C. Table 3 also shows that joints with bedding (a) (b) Fig.07 0.44 1.11) 94 (0.38 1.90) 1204 (8. psi (MPa) † Sliding friction strength . Table 3 shows that the peak shear strength at a layer joint decreased significantly when the time interval increased from 4 to 72 hours under the conditions tested.68) 558 (3.65) 482 (3.13) 541 (3.45 to 8.38) 1144 (7.77) 68 (0.59) 88 (0.50) 612 (4.43) 51 (0.35) 1101 (7.67) 370 (2.66) *Joint treatment method: N = no treatment.26 1.10 .27 1.time interval. lb/yd3 (kg/m3) Peak shear strength Joint treatment* N 337 (200) S M N 303 (180) S M N 270 (160) S M C ′. Rainfall can negatively impact RCC construction by seeping into the RCC and changing the water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) or washing away the cement and separating the mortar from the coarse aggregate. there is significant concern about rainfall reducing bond strengths below the design requirements. Because the rainy season at the Longtan Dam site lasts 4 months. (1 psi = 6. 24. and (b) internal friction coefficient f ′. The results are given in Table 4. rainfall doesn’t have a significant impact on C ′ and f ′. τ was calculated using Eq. combinations of three cementitious materials contents and three treatment methods were studied. 2.89 kPa. (1) at σ = 435 psi (3. Similar to the specimens tested to investigate the effect of time interval.31 in. These results indicate that bond strength can be improved by increasing the cementitious materials content.5. In Scenario 1. 2: Bond strength properties produced by the tested surface treatment methods for specimens made with various RCC cementitious materials contents: (a) cohesion C ′ at zero normal stress. the time interval between the start of construction for the lower layer and the completion of the upper layer was less than the allowable time interval. The results in Table 4 show that the peak shear strength at the layer joint decreased when the cementitious materials content of RCC decreased from 337 to 270 lb/yd3 (200 to 160 kg/m3).61 to 8. respectively. 3 along with the values of C ′ and f ′ required for the design. rain occurs during the interval between placement of two adjacent layers. In Scenario 2.5. the results show that if rain falls directly on the lower lift surface before construction of the upper lift starts and the upper layer is completed within the allowable time interval.7.0 MPa). All specimens were tested at an age of 180 days and a time interval between placing the upper and lower layers of 24 hours.593 kg/m3) Concrete international / MARCH 2009 45 . The values of C ′. 8. It is therefore obvious that the most effective approach to ensure the quality of RCC construction is to effectively plan and manage site operations to minimize the time interval between two adjacent layers.30 MPa) as the cementitious materials content of the RCC changed from 337 to 270 lb/yd3 (200 to 160 kg/m3). rain occurs while the upper layer is under construction. 0. The normal stress σ and shear stress at the joint τ obtained from the experiments are shown in Table 5. The values in Table 3 show that the shear strength at the joint decreased as the time interval increased regardless of the material used to treat the joint. τ with cement mortar was 1. and 72 hours. For time intervals of 4. and φ obtained from the σ and τ values are also listed in the last three columns of Table 5. The values of C ′ and f ′ are plotted as a function of rainfall intensity in Fig. (a) (b) Fig. In both scenarios. When the joint was bedded with cement mortar. no bedding material was applied to the top of the bottom layer. the peak shear stress with cement mortar bedding was higher than that with cement-fly ash slurry. All specimens were tested at a nominal age of 90 days. 1 lb/yd3 = 0. Table 3 also shows that for any time interval. f ′. Values of C ′ and f ′ corresponding to different cementitious materials contents are plotted in Fig. Therefore. Figure 3 also shows that when rainfall intensity reached 0. Effect of rainfall intensity Effect of cementitious materials content To determine the effect on bond of the cementitious materials content of the RCC. shear strength at the joint could still meet the design requirements. For Scenario 1./h (8 mm/h). and 13% higher than that with cement-fly ash slurry.materials had larger peak shear stresses than joints without treatment. τ decreased from 1249 to 1204 psi (8. 5. Rainfall was simulated for two scenarios. 10 (2.28/5./h (3 mm/h).79/4.45) 342/902 (2.07) 339/1008 (2. C ′ and f ′ decreased rapidly as rainfall intensity increased.40/7.58 1.0) σ1/τ1.01) σ2/τ2.65) σ3/τ3.27) 183/757 (1. (1 psi = 6.89 kPa. psi (MPa) f′ φ. resulting in reduced bond strength at the joint.07) 437/1085 (3.41/6.76/4. psi/psi (MPa/MPa) 435/1291 (3.97/8. = 25.22) σ4/τ4.13) 112/582 (0. high wind velocity.31/5.59) 186/764 (1.26/4.0) 0.26/5. Scenario 2 = rainfall at a rate of qi occurs while the upper layer is under construction.28/5.27/5. psi/psi (MPa/MPa) 348/1094 (2. psi/psi (MPa/MPa) 119/745 (0.77/4./h (mm/h) 0 (0) 0.34/7.95) 328/996 (2.37 Scenario 1 * Scenario 1 = rainfall at a rate of qi occurs during the interval between placement of two adjacent layers.24) 477 (3.48) 432/1017 (2.01/7. SuRFAcE dRYiNG During construction of the Longtan RCC dam.33) 431/1160 (2.56) 112/640 (0.77/4. 1 in.34/5. In this scenario.0) 0.81/4.29) 460 (3.10 (2.38) 476 (3. adverse weather conditions including high temperature.97/8.28) 470 (3. psi/psi (MPa/MPa) 186/856 (1.53) 110/599 (0.00) 350/935 (2. dumping.In scenario 2.31 (8.82/5.41) 113/657 (0.12 in.36/6.42 1.42) 184/748 (1.0) 0.01/7.67 1.95) 1.90) 432/1208 (2.73) 115/661 (0.31/7.60 1.54) 335/1025 (2. Figure 3 shows that if rainfall intensity qi exceeded 0.6) Scenario 2 0.20 (5.16) 183/674 (1.34/6. in.01) C ′.98/7.64 1.00) 437/1146 (3. High ambient temperatures can also cause the concrete’s temperature to increase during transportation.26/6.98/8.31 (8. deg 59 59 58 58 58 55 54 541 (3.90) 194/811 (1.90) 431/1170 (2. and (b) internal friction coefficient f ′. nearly all specimens failed at the layer joint. 3: Bond strength properties produced under two tested rainfall scenarios: (a) cohesion C ′ at zero normal stress. and intense solar radiation can dry the surface of the RCC and bedding materials.73) 490 (3.00/8. shear strength could not meet the design requirements. (a) (b) Fig.6) 0.57 1. spreading.22) 190/786 (1.4 mm) 46 MaRCH 2009 / Concrete international .14) 117/686 (0.17) 428 (2.87) 339/1015 (2.20 (5. TABLE 5: MEASUrED σ AND τ VALUES AND DErIVED SHEAr STrENGTH AT THE JOINT FOr SPEcIMENS SUbJEcTED TO DIFFErENT rAINFALL ScENArIOS Scenario* qi. more mortar floated on the interface and the surface became the weakest part of the concrete.78/4. As rainfall intensity increased. Vol. 1-55. The Ministry of Water Resources of People’s Republic of China.. slow the increase of vibratory compaction (VC) values. Under high temperatures and windy. dry. If applied. No. “A Briefing of Roller Compacted Concrete Dam Construction Technology. 170-186. ASCE Press. W. the bedding materials stop improving bond between the layers and act as a soft interlayer that significantly reduces bond strength.. especially in water conservancy and hydropower projects such as designing. 41-44. References 1. If two layers cannot be constructed within the allowable time interval.and compaction. The participation / MARCH 2009 47 . 5. Architectural. In the laboratory experiments described in this article. The most effective approach to improving bond strength is proper planning and management of the construction process to ensure the upper layer is constructed within the allowable time interval. pp. V. and lower the temperature of RCC and bedding materials. eds. An effective measure for maintaining high relative humidity at the surface is to spray water fog into the air directly above the surface. Xiao. properly treating the joint by applying bedding material can improve bond strength at the joint. S. Z. “Basic Experience and Achievements of the RCC Dam Construction in China.” Water Power Press.” Roller Compacted Concrete II. Reducing placing temperature can be accomplished by cooling the materials before or during mixing or by adding ice to the mixture. 10. the bedding material surface will become dry and whitened.H. Wang. T. Beijing.. Roller-Compacted Concrete (Technical Engineering and Design Guides as Adopted from the US Army Corps of Engineers. and shorten the allowable time interval between layers. Increasing or decreasing the water content in the mixture to account for weather conditions may alleviate the impacts. Lu.X. 5. and project management. Hu. Vol. pp. the bond strength increased as the cementitious materials content in the RCC increased. and Environmental Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology and Director of the Center for Work Zone Safety and Mobility. He is a registered professional engineer in Hong Kong and a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. the Construction Management Association of America.6 Although not investigated during this study. 1988.” Journal of China Water Resources. 2004. “Construction Specifications for Hydraulic RCC (SL53-94). If the water loss is substantial. 54-56. Zhou are thanked for their inspiration and input to this research. bedding material should be covered as soon as possible during construction. 2005. water loss will occur if the bedding material cannot be quickly covered with the next RCC layer. Bond strength at a joint is also affected by weather conditions. 2. 26-27. Guice. pp. accelerate initial set of the surface concrete.D. model testing. American Society of Civil Engineers. “New Development of RCC Dam Construction Techniques in China. New York. sunny conditions. and the material will stop developing strength. K. prevent drying.. American Society of Civil Engineers. He received his PhD in water resource and hydropower from Wuhan University in 2005. effective measures to reduce water evaporation or mitigate its impact on construction quality include reducing the placing temperature of the bedding materials and increasing the humidity at the surface. For either bedding material. cement mortar bedding material produced slightly higher bond strengths than cement-fly ash slurry. No. Dolen. reducing the placing temperature of bedding materials and applying fog spraying are also effective measures for controlling the water evaporation of bedding materials. S. His research interests include highway work zone safety and mobility. and Tayabji. When this occurs. Special Council of Construction Technology of RCC Dam. 1994. Lei Yang has been a Teacher in the Department of Water Resource and Hydropower at Wuhan University since July 1996. Increasing the humidity at the surface can lower the ambient temperature. 1-49. These conditions can accelerate cement dehydration. pp. ENSuRiNG QuAliTY uNdER All cONdiTiONS Bond strength between layers is critical for quality RCC construction. 1994.. pp. Concrete international Acknowledgments Professors H. and the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. China. Furthermore. and cooperation of the Midsouth Design & Research Institute of China are also appreciated. 5). 3. Shi is a Professor in the Department of Civil. 4. 16.P. and Y. Jonathan J. Z. Hansen and L. and modeling and simulation of construction operations. 31. 6. New York. 20.” Journal of Water Power. No.G. especially if the conditions impact the w/cm of the bedding material or RCC. His major research efforts have been focused on construction and management of civil engineering structures.P. Mei. Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.B. “Bond Strength of Roller Compacted Concrete. 1994.D.” Journal of Water Power.K. constructing. 3: Eq.1 and many tests have been developed to measure these mechanical properties. yield stress may be associated with filling capacity and. It should be noted that this new research area has appeared on the scene at the same time as self-consolidating concrete (SCC). (1a) Eq. there will always be formwork and reinforcement configurations that present casting problems. This last step has been missing for years in the rheology field. as injection under pressure is very rare. the applied stress is mainly due to gravity. Although measurements of plastic viscosity have several practical applications. the casting of a wall such as the one in Fig. If we consider. such as pumping and casting rates. (1b) where τ00 is the yield stress. In the field of concrete casting. for instance. such as strength and delayed deformations. and µp is the plastic viscosity. Only recently have researchers from various parts of the world started working on casting prediction tools. From a practical point of view. No matter how fluid a concrete is.” A lot of research has been carried out to understand the correlation between mechanical properties and mixture proportioning. This extremely fluid type of concrete was expected to be the answer to casting problems.From Rheology of Fresh Concrete to Casting Processes Correlating properties with field performance BY NICOLAS ROUSSEL W hat are the final objectives of the extensive research that has been carried out in the last 50 years on the rheology of fresh concrete? A researcher’s answer might be: “the understanding of the correlation between mixture proportioning and rheological properties” or “the ability to correctly measure and quantify the rheological properties of concrete. which is the minimum stress for flow to occur. with whether or not concrete will flow or stop flowing under an applied stress. a purely 48 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . whereas plastic viscosity may be associated with the velocity at which a given concrete will flow once flow is initiated. more generally. but a practitioner would probably answer: “the ability to predict whether or not a given concrete will correctly fill a given formwork. yield stress is the most important parameter for formwork filling. ScIENTIfIc BAcKGrOUND Fresh cementitious materials behave as fluids with a yield stress.” These points are of great interest. 1(a). The behavior of fresh concrete is thus often approximated by a yield stress model of the following general form2. is the shear rate. But many developments were also made to correlate the properties of the concrete to be cast with the structure to be built. however. unlike polymer or metal casting. we must have the ability to measure the yield stress of the material to be cast.10. Several attempts to relate slump to yield stress can be found in literature. but they do not give the same absolute values of the rheological parameters τ00 and µp. 1(b). In the case of a fluid with a yield stress.(a) (b) (c) Fig. namely low-slump or largeslump flow diameter. The slump test. Delayed actions of high-range water-reducing admixtures.4. Subsequent works established analogous relationships either for conical or cylindrical forms. and (c) final shape of the material in the case of a fluid with a yield stress viscous fluid (one with a zero yield stress) would self level under the effect of gravity. In many cases. Even though simpler and cheaper tests such as the slump test9 are still often preferred on the job site.-lb units) Concrete international / MARCH 2009 49 . does not give any value of a physical parameter at all. yield stress may be measured using conventional rheological tools. as shown in Fig. as shown in Fig. which is useless in practice as we will never be able to produce stable concrete with no yield stress at all.11 They give the same rheological classification of materials. deriving two analytical solutions suitable for asymptomatic regimes. A change in the material yield stress is often noted during this time period. the obtained correlation18 between slump and yield stress for slump values ranging from 50 to 250 mm (2 to 10 in. Gravity would indeed induce a pressure gradient in the fluid if the upper surface of the material is not horizontal. (2) (in. First. flow stops before the concrete self levels. becomes lower than the yield stress of the concrete.18 An excellent agreement between the predicted and measured slumps over a wide range of yield stress was obtained. As an example. (2) (SI units) YIELD sTrEss MEAsUrEMENTs In the case of cement pastes. But it has also proved through the years to be able to classify different materials in terms of their abilities to fill formwork. (b) final shape of the material in the case of a purely viscous fluid. This pressure gradient would generate a shear stress in the material that creates a shear rate and forces the material to flow until the upper surface becomes horizontal and the pressure gradient at the origin of the flow has disappeared. the material yield stress increases. to predict whether a given concrete will fill a given formwork.13-16 It’s recently been shown that two very different regimes (slump regime and spreading regime) may be identified. causing a workability loss.) is written: Eq. however. BML7.5 For Eq. A discrepancy still exists. however. Murata12 first wrote of a relation between the final height of the cone and the yield stress of the material. or two-point test8). the most common empirical test for fresh concrete. Second. these rheometers represent a big step forward in the field of concrete science. between the various rheometers. 1: Formwork filling process: (a) casting process. gravity and the pressure gradient also generate a shear stress. concrete containing coarse aggregate. the best way to fill formwork is to fill it with a purely viscous fluid. 1(c).17 Numerical simulations of the slump test were also carried out for the ASTM Abrams cone. may also decrease the material yield stress. however. If this shear stress. The viscosity of the material will only play a role in the time needed to obtain a horizontal surface. In fact. the results could not be expressed in physical rheological units until recently. It must be noted that the knowledge of the yield stress at the end of the mixing phase may not always be sufficient to describe the behavior of fresh concrete after transportation from the concrete plant to the job site. which is a complex function of the formwork thickness and the density of reinforcement. such as concrete. This example teaches us two things. largescale rheometers have been developed (BTRheom6. 2: The LCPC Box test for SCC: (a) the SCC is slowly poured into the box at one end. such as slump or spread length.4 mm. Unlike the slump flow test.1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 Spread length. the measured spread length is correlated to the yield stress of the material via the unique law19. cast a full-size element with each of them. This new test is a cheap and easy way to measure the yield stress of fluid concrete when trying to reach the optimum mixture design or to compare the rheology of various SCC mixtures. In the case of sufficiently fluid concretes. The concrete has to be as fluid as possible to ensure that it will fill the formwork under its own weight. This does not mean that slump flow cannot be used as an acceptance test. Pa (psi). mm Yield stress/specific gravity. As the flow is almost unidirectional. mm (in. The studied volume of SCC is the same as the one used in the slump flow test. a compromise between stability and fluidity has to be reached.22 The results of a form-filling 50 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . 2(b). This is expensive and time consuming and does not guarantee an answer. a variation in water amount during production.9 in. 2(a). They easily give access to this fundamental and intrinsic rheological parameter and therefore open the door to the use of this measurement in casting prediction tools. As an intermediate conclusion.).21 and the applicability of 2-D VDEM to simulate the flow of fresh concrete in formwork has been confirmed. it was demonstrated that the slump flow test cannot be universally correlated to the rheological parameters of the concrete. The width of the channel is 200 mm (7. The applicability of the viscoplastic divided element method (VDEM) for simulating the flow of concrete in a reinforced beam section and the filling of a reinforced wall has already been demonstrated. 6 L (0. 1 psi = 6890 kPa) where S is the measured slump.19 Indeed. The only traditional way to do this is to try various mixture proportions. For a given SCC with a given granular skeleton. = 25.) and the length is 1200 mm (47. Moreover. allow measurement of the yield stress of any concrete without the use of a rheometer.2 in. for a very low cost. but it has to be stable enough to withstand the high strain rates generated by flow in a confined zone. CAsTING prEDIcTIONs The ideal mixture proportions for fluid concrete are located somewhere between two opposite objectives. and (b) correlation between measured spread length and a yield stress of the tested material (1 in. But the measured spread (or slump flow value) cannot be directly and universally correlated to the yield stress of the SCC.). Therefore. it was verified that the final shape does not depend on the pouring speed of the concrete to be tested. it should be kept in mind that these correlations between geometrical measurements. the thickness of the sample at stoppage for the same sample volume is greater than in the slump flow test. kg/m3 (lb/ft3). the slump flow value is indeed a handy tool to spot. and ρ is the density of the concrete. the thickness of the sample when flow stops is of the same order as the largest particles. 20 shown in Fig. and choose the most suitable mixture (if there is one). however. Pa 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (a) (b) 400 Fig. for example. An alternate test method is the recently proposed “LCPC Box” test shown in Fig. the numerical tools of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics allow numerical simulation of the casting process and. In the case of SCC.21 ft3). the determination of the minimum fluidity. The most straightforward approach is to find the minimum fluidity (or workability) that will guarantee adequate filling of the formwork and assume that this minimum fluidity will ensure the maximum acceptable stability. τ00 is the yield stress. Although the assumptions needed to carry out the simulations were overly simplistic (only 2-D simulations were carried out). C.0087 psi). 3). F.017 psi). (b) numerical simulation results for concrete with a yield stress of 120 Pa (0. and particle paths. In the case of SCC with 120 Pa (0. a satisfactory agreement was found between the predicted and actual flow. 2. F.4 mm) References 1. Concrete Mixture Proportioning: A Scientific Approach. After casting SCC with 60 Pa (0. E&FN Spon.0087 psi) (1 in. = 25.0087 psi) yield stress. Fig. The concrete was then poured from the other side of the steel girder to complete the filling (dark gray): (a) actual casting results using concrete with a yield stress of 120 Pa (0. computational modeling of flow could become a practical tool for allowing the simulation of either total form filling or detailed flow behavior such as particle migration and formation of granular arches between reinforcement (also known as “blocking”).23 The results show high correlation with respect to detection of the free surface location. The LCPC Box mentioned previously was used to measure the yield stress of the prepared SCCs. (c) actual casting results using concrete with a yield stress of 60 Pa (0. some voids were found below the steel girders after the removal of the form 1 day after casting. 1999. London.017 psi). in the future.. The numerical calculations were able to predict the experimental observations carried out during two trial castings (Fig. and de Larrard. no voids were visible. De Larrard. 3: Comparison between numerical predictions and actual casting of a precambered beam. and (d) numerical simulation results for concrete with a yield stress of 60 Pa (0. It is my opinion that.24 The results of the simulations carried out for various values of the rheological parameters helped determine the value of the minimum fluidity needed to cast the element.experiment in a vertical wall have also been compared with the corresponding 3-D simulation. Hu. Numerical simulations were also recently applied to an industrial casting of a very high-strength concrete precambered composite beam.26 These methods could then be gathered to create a casting process engineering toolbox and bring rheology from the laboratory to the field. dead zones.. “The Rheology CIRCLE READER CARD #10 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 51 .017 psi) yield stress.25.. 421 pp. The concrete was first poured from one side of the steel girder (light gray). de Larrard. P.. 1.P.. P. 1993-2007. Koehler. and Urano. 620-631. Feb.... “Flow and Deformation of Fresh Concrete. G. G. Shaughnessy. L.” Materials and Structures.. 1979..H. V.. PA. Domone. M. S. 17. “Comparison of Concrete Rheometers: International Tests at MB (Cleveland.E.. Operating manual. Boger. Bosc. 13. pp. pp. 10. Domone. V. 2003. 1984.. Pitman. 18. 70. pp. July 1998. 7. 501-509. and Christensen. 3. 11. 2001.” Cement and Concrete Research. and Tanigawa. Geiker... USA) in May.H. and Glenister. F. J. A. Mar. M.. 2. Grice. 1-4. “SCC Casting Prediction for the Realization of Prototype VHPC-Precambered Composite Beams. 26.-A. O. Thrane... 2002. 283-294. S. V.. “Correlation between Yield Stress and Slump: Comparison between Numerical Simulations and Concrete Rheometers Results.. F. L. P. F. “A Generalized Approach for the Determination of Yield Stress by Slump and Slump Flow. 20. H. 202-210. Sonebi. 1996.. F. “Simulation of SCC Flow. L. M. Tatersall. 356 pp. V.R. National Institute of Standards and Technology Interagency Report (NISTIR) 7154. and Wallevik.. Saak. Boulay. S.. and Ferraris. 21.. 877-887. Roussel. 2007.” Journal of Rheology.E. No. Roussel.” Journal of Rheology.. 23.” Materials and Structures. 705-718. the viscometer 4. 3. D.. L. 63 pp. No. and Coussot. Le Roy. Nov.. 2007. pp..R. In 2007. P.F.. No. Brower. West Conshohocken....F.. N. 31. 10. 25. F. 1983. C. No... Beaupré.W. Y.. He is the author of more than 40 papers dealing with the rheology of suspensions in general and of cement pastes and concretes in particular.” Magazine of Concrete Research.. P. Roussel. 26. France.” C. The Rheology of Fresh Concrete.” Proceedings of the 4th International RILEM Symposium on SCC. No. R. No. T. “Simulation Methods for Fluidity of Fresh Concrete.. “Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. and Boger. T. P.. “Toward a Rationalization of the Slump Test for Fresh Concrete: Comparisons of Calculations and Experiments..E. Gap and Surface Friction.” Cement and Concrete Research. V. Pashias. pp. P. 4. 15.” Proceedings of the First North American Conference on the Design and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete. Banfill. 40.” Memoirs of the School of Engineering. F. V... Y.” Cement and Concrete Research. Tepke. N. 12. London. No. 1990. IL.. V. “The LCPC BOX: A Cheap and Simple Technique for Yield Stress Measurements of SCC. V. pp. C. No. 363-371.. and Szabo. Nov.. “The Rheological Behavior of Fresh Cement Pastes.. Nicolas Roussel is in charge of research activities concerning mixture proportioning and casting processes of cementitious materials at the French Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC) in Paris. eds. Sedran. 9... N. No. 2004. Nehdi. Dec..” Cement and Concrete Research. pp. V. No.. Hu. V.. “Flow Simulation of Fresh Concrete Cast into Wall Structure by Viscoplastic Divided Space Element Method. J. D. ASTM C143-90. Selected for reader interest by the editors. 19. H. Chicago. 1179-1189. N.. “Computational Modeling of Concrete Flow: General Overview. Roussel. No. Y. Dufour. Mar. S. 11. H. 2005. 1992. F. P.. 147 pp.F. he received the RILEM Robert L’Hermite Medal and the French Association for Mechanics Jean Mandel Award...L. J. 3. 2. 27-30. 1996. Kitaoji. V. D. D.V. 117-129. Mori. pp. No. 18. 2004.. 9. N. 1996. and Banfill. D’Aloia Schwarzentruber. Kurokawa. N. and Rahman.. 52 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . the New Rheometer for Soft-to-Fluid Concrete. “Correlation between L-Box Test and Rheological Parameters of a Homogeneous Yield Stress Fluid.E..M. 9. pp. F. 5... Glavind.. and Coussot. Struble. and Clark. 4. M.E. the BML viscometer.J. 49. T. Nov. Mori. V. 24. Beaupré.. 327-341. Sept.. “Analysis of the Slump Test for On-Site Yield Stress Measurement of Mineral Suspensions. H. National Institute of Standards and Technology Interagency Report (NISTIR) 6819. M.” ASTM International. 16. M. Oct. R. Martys.. 6. “Further Development of the Two-Point Test for Workability and Extension of its Range. and Shah. V. 1789-1796. N. May-June 2005. “‘Fifty-Cent Rheometer’ for Yield Stress Measurements: From Slump to Spreading Flow. 6. pp. Clayton.. ConTec. pp. June 2003.” Materials and Structures. and Toutlemonde. pp.. No.” Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute. “A Fifty Cent Rheometer for Yield Stress Measurement. V. 42. pp..” Materials and Structures. L. 2004. Thrane. pp. 40. J. pp. 3-21. May 1988. 22. and Bloomer.” Cement and Concrete Research.. Chapdelaine. E.V.. 3 pp. 34.. Nagoya University. L.” C.G. G. P. 40. 34..G. D. 2007. pp. Brower. Staquet. Nov. 4. V. Roussel. OH. 45-52.. Shen.” Materials and Structures.N. 16.” Journal of Rheology.J. and Deflorenne. N. 3. Nachbaur. No.of Fresh High-Performance Concrete. 2000. W. 2000. 44.N. Nguyen..... Ferraris and L.. and Wallevik. 2006. 9.” Cement and Concrete Research. pp. May 2006. T. D. Jennings. pp. 1298-1307.H. 37. C. Tanigawa. Summers.F. 865-870. Nov. “Estimating Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes Using Various Rheological Models for Different Test Geometry. Wallevik. eds. He is a member of the RILEM Bureau and Chair of the RILEM Technical Committee dealing with numerical simulations of fresh concrete. No. Geiker. Tatersall. Sedran. V.. H.” International Journal of Mineral Processing. 71-134. “Simulation and Verification of Flow in SCC Test Methods. IL. 10. “Comparison of Concrete Rheometers: International Tests at LCPC (Nantes. O. Schowalter. and Stang. 889-896. 8. 29. V. 17.. 1996. Ferraris and L. Chapdelaine. 36. No.. 39... Murata. de Larrard. France) in October. Dec. “Validation of BTRHEOM. pp. Chicago. Roussel.. Wallevik. 14. V. S. Szabo. This will require modifications to standard rectangular formwork. particularly on a very steep slope. Staff at the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) are presenting these topics in a regular series of articles. If constant length horizontal bars are used at the wall base. Sloped footings will require trapezoidal formwork. Considerations for StePPed Footings SloPed Footing IssUes As with any aspect of a design. If you’d like to suggest an article topic or submit an RFI for this feature.” Concrete international / MARCH 2009 53 . Alternatively. This is clearly not economical. It does. they can be fanned out. 2): Vertical wall bars above the footing will have different lengths. and construction. and a stiff concrete mixture might be required to DETAILING CORNER Joint ACI-CRSI Committee 315-B. and Concrete placement and finishing could be difficult. or Step the footing so its depth below finished grade is not excessive at any point along its length. Details of Concrete Reinforcement— Constructibility. most engineers and contractors prefer to use stepped footings instead of sloped footings. cost should be considered before a system is selected. Horizontal reinforcing bars in the lower portion of the wall will also have different lengths because they are interrupted by the sloped footing.Detailing Corner Sloped Versus Stepped Footings for Walls prevent the concrete from flowing downhill. CRSI’s Vice President of Engineering. If the site or finished grade slopes along the length of the wall. CRSI staff will also respond to requests for information (RFIs) regarding design. the top of the form may have to be closed. as it requires extra excavation and material. 1): Slope the footing with the site so its depth below the finished grade is nearly constant along its length. at nanderson@ crsi. increase the quantity of vertical reinforcement. but this will create a variable vertical spacing of the reinforcing bars. detailing. This will. the footing may end up a considerable distance below finished grade. Two other options are therefore preferred (Fig. however. it’s most economical to place wall footings at a constant elevation. which may lead to segregation. create the following construction issues (Fig.6 m) for a 20 to 30 ft (6 to 9 m) long wall. please send an e-mail to Neal Anderson. If the slope of the finished grade is less than 2 ft (0. creating major challenges in the fabrication plant and on the job site. A sloped footing could be unstable. Two of these—managing the inventory and placing the bars in their correct locations— can be eased by detailing the bars with variable lap splice lengths. has developed forums dealing with constructibility issues for reinforced concrete. a lower but constant bottom bearing The sloped footing option may seem appealing because of the simple geometry and apparent ease in formwork construction.org with the subject line “Detailing Corner. however. G enerally. however. Because of these challenges. 9 m) steps rather than six 1 ft (0. however. The horizontal runs should be dimensioned in 2 or 4 ft (0. try to keep a minimum horizontal run of 10 ft (3 m) for each step. the individual spread footings or piers supporting grade beams shown in Fig. Their geometry may make it necessary to slant the riser out of plane to meet cover requirements for the treads. For example. Communication with the contractor during the design phase regarding the number and length of steps can be very helpful. 54 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .6 or 1. if possible.8 m) change in elevation using three 2 ft (0.2 m) increments to conform to standard plywood or form system dimensions. It’s generally more cost effective to minimize the number of steps. Avoid using Z-shaped bars (Fig. 2: Construction issues for sloped footings Use bars with only one bend Optional sloped footing bottom Minimize the number of steps Avoid using Z-shaped bars Fig. Distances should preferably be multiples of available or standard form lengths. it may be more economical to design for a 6 ft (1. Situations can vary along the wall length. Before deciding on the footing step locations.Wall Finished grade Wall Finished grade (a) (b) Bottom may be sloped Fig. similar configurations can be constructed without the grade beam. Unless the site slopes drastically. even a 1 ft (0.3 m) variation in the site elevation may make a stepped footing more economical. For a very long wall. This will expedite placing drawing preparation and perhaps minimize requests for information (RFIs). For example.3 m) steps. 3). 3: Preferred details for stepped footings elevation may be more economical than a stepped footing. consider the horizontal distance between them. It’s also prudent to evaluate other footing options. Before completing a design. however. so it’s prudent to show specific details rather than generic details. 4 may be more economical than a continuous spread footing option. or (b) step the footing at intervals that maintain the minimum footing depth Nonrectangular formwork panel Variable bar lengths Maximize the run Placement and finishing of concrete may be difficult Potential failure plane at base of footing Fig.6 m) steps or two 3 ft (0. This minimizes the number of wall sections to be detailed and formed. it’s a good idea to communicate with area formwork contractors. Keep the detailing simple. 1: There are two ways to construct footings for walls built at sloping grades: (a) slope the footing to match the change in finished grade elevation. Because the wall can span between footings or piers. 9.9 in ACI 1 318-08. Thanks to Joint ACI-CRSI Committee 315 member Javed Malik. finished wall slope.1 requires that the angle of slope or depth and location of steps be such that the design requirements are satisfied at every section. MI. are an alternative to sloped or stepped footings ClosUre The use of sloped or stepped footings depends on site conditions. CIRCLE READER CARD #11 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 55 . Jacobs Engineering Group. the engineer is required to follow the design requirements of Section 15.” American Concrete Institute. ACI Committee 318.2 requires footings designed as a unit to be constructed to ensure they act as a unit. and various reinforcing bar placement and construction issues. Houston.9. for providing the information in this article. 2008. “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary. with or without a grade beam connecting them. Regardless of the footing system selected. TX. Farmington Hills. 4: Isolated spread footings or drilled piers. References 1. finished grade elevations. 465 pp. Selected for reader interest by the editors. Section 15. Section 15.Wall Finished grade Wall Grade beam Grade beam Isolated spread footing or Drilled pier Fig. Additionally. It contains all of the widely used ACI concrete and masonry code requirements. deflection.org or by calling (248) 848-3800. Order Code: Format: Prices: 31808CD.concrete. multi-user license. • Local. To opt out or modify your listing. guides.org and click on “My Contact Information” or call 248-848-3800 if you have questions. it includes information about code requirements.50 (ACI members $711.org Click the “Membership” tab • Quickly and easily obtain detailed contact information for other ACI members (members only). and more is available at www.CI $1185. The new ACI Membership Directory is one of six new benefits available to all ACI members.org or call 248-848-3800 to learn what else is new! Verify your listing—only ACI members can be listed in this Directory.00) The American Concrete Institute’s 2009 Manual of Concrete Practice contains over 190 ACI committee standards and reports.00) subscription. Format Manual of Concrete Practice 6-Volume Set + Index Manual of Concrete Practice CD-ROM Manual of Concrete Practice Hard Copy and CD-ROM Order Code MCP09PACK. visit www. and international listings. 56 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . temperature control. nondestructive testing. durability problems. concrete. including 24 new/revised publications.CI CD-ROM $199. ACI’s Manual of Concrete Practice is the most comprehensive concrete reference set available.concrete. • Conduct detailed search by job category for ACI’s corporate members. specifications. and reports. Additionally. Young Professional and Individual Members receive personal listings. A complete listing of publications included in the 2009 edition and additional optional formats including online MCPCD09PACK.CI $681. use the form on the Bookshelf page in the back of this magazine.50 (ACI members $150. and print information. and hundreds of other topics. regional. You may contact ACI for additional information by phone at (248) 848-3800 or go to our online bookstore at www.concrete.00) 2009 MaNUaL of CoNcrete Practice— MCP 2009 MCPCD09.50 (ACI members $409. find.00) Spring 2009 Transition from Fluid to Solid: Re-Examining the Behavior of Concrete at Early Ages— SP-259 CD-ROM Membership Matters.To order new publications.CI Price $799. Visit the ACI Membership Directory www. simply login to www. • Open to the public (limited access) for business-development opportunities Connecting and networking with ACI members has never been easier. ACI 318-08 aNd PCA Notes oN CD-ROM ACI 318-08 and PCA Notes on ACI 318-08 are linked and indexed allowing Adobe® Acrobat® Reader to search. ACI’s Sustaining and Organizational Members receive detailed corporate listings.org.concrete. ACI’s Student. cracking.50 (ACI members $499. acielearning. and the Financial Advisory Committee. Fiorato’s talk focused on how we can benefit from Hardy Cross’ reflections on “intelligent standards versus standardized intelligence. Concrete industry professionals now have the opportunity to participate in ACI training programs any time and earn continuing education units (CEUs) online. Louis.” And nothing can take away from the importance of engineering creativity. Structural Concrete Building Code. MO. but it “can never replace the brain that created it. ACI’s Distinguished Achievement Award went to Oliver (Skip) Dulle Jr. He became the Council’s Executive Director in April 1987. was on hand to present the awards. Fiorato said. Visit www. Susan N. MO T he “Spirit of Concrete” that motivates the volunteerism on behalf of the Institute was in full effect during the ACI Fall 2008 Convention in St. the ACI Standards Board. Executive Director of the Concrete Council of St. PCA. Basile Rabbat. the ACI Board Advisory Committee on ISO TC-71. Structural Codes. Further highlights of another successful ACI convention included: OPENING SESSIoN ACI Past President Anthony E. Transportation Structures. he concluded. Prior to his retirement in 2007. he was the firm’s President and CEO. the Portland Cement Association’s (PCA) 11th Biennial Bridge Awards were presented at the Opening Session. Louis. Congratulations go out to the members of the ACI Missouri Chapter for their organizing efforts. In addition. which ranks as the fourth largest attendance at an ACI convention. This will be ACI’s first truly international educational program. IL. More Concrete international / MARCH 2009 57 .. Lane.” Standardization is a way to make most engineering work routine. He is a current member of ACI Committee 318. This event attracted 1508 registrants. Manager.Inspired by the Spirit of Concrete Highlights of the convention in St. A significant way that ACI is serving its members debuted in the convention exhibitors’ area as ACI previewed its new eLearning Program. and his firm Dulle&Co International has provided management services to the Council since that time. PCA. Manager.org for more information. recognized the principals of the nine winning projects. November 2-6. including 218 students and 130 guests. Fiorato presented the 2008 Hardy Cross Commemorative Lecture. The firm also provides administrative and support services to the Eastern Missouri office of the Missouri/Kansas Chapter of the American Concrete Pavement Association. He is a Senior Consultant with CTLGroup in Skokie. Louis. 2008. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. Purdue University. Michigan Technological University. García David Darwin. JoAnn Browning. durability. Presenters included Theresa Ahlborn. Surendra Shah. University of Wisconsin-Platteville. Rolf Eligehausen. (right) of the Concrete Council of St. and renew friendships. SNELL A two-part technical session honored David Darwin. Inc. University of Kansas. Elstner Associates. corrosion. and fracture mechanics. were the session co-moderators. Carl Locke. W. Zia. Attiogbe. University of Stuttgart. W. North Carolina State University. ACI Past President. and Architectural Engineering and Director of the Structural Engineering and Materials Laboratory at the University of Kansas. which showcased historical and recent developments in areas of research where Darwin has made significant contributions to the practice of reinforced concrete design. Jason Weiss. JoAnn Browning.. Janney. David Suchorski. Shah. Ackers Distinguished Professor of Civil. Surendra P. Emmanuel K. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars ACI’s new eLearning Program was previewed in the convention exhibitors’ area information on the award winners can be found in the November 2008 issue of CI. Lawrence. Louis received the ACI Distinguished Achievement Award from ACI President Luis E. Sandia National Laboratories. and Adolfo Matamoros. and Paul S. 29-32. 58 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . thanked the participants of the technical session in his honor organized by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408. pp. Oan Chul Choi. Michael Thompson. BASF Admixtures. Javier Balma. ACI Past President and the Deane E. finite element analysis. Northwestern University. KS. share memories. Thomas Hsu. Walter P Moore & Associates. Other attendees included Paul Zia. cracking. Soong Sil University. James Cox. That evening.Oliver (Skip) Dulle Jr. and Radha Harsh. University of Kansas. Environmental. Wiss. Grant Halverson. Carl Peterson. Darwin’s current and former students gathered for dinner with David and Diane Darwin to express their appreciation for his guidance and teaching. Jason Weiss. Development and Splicing of Deformed Bars. University of Kansas. Adolfo Matamoros. Presentation topics covered bond strength and behavior. SPEcIAL HoNoRS To DARWIN. sponsored the session. Luke and Billie Snell. Belarbi and Vellore Gopallaratnam Treasurer: John Harris Concrete international / MARCH 2009 59 . Current and former students of David Darwin gathered on the evening of the technical session in his honor. David Richardson. Charles Nmai. From left: Heather McLeod. Mike Tholen. Lawrence Taber. Matt Senecal. Stehly reviewed Snell’s service to ACI as Chair of the International Committee and Past Chair of the Educational Activities Committee and the Chapter Activities Committee.” Baker said to learn empathy for your colleagues. and Shraddhakar Harsh STUdENT AcTIVITIES ACI Past President Dan Baker addressed the audience at the Student Lunch on the topic of leadership. trust is built with the workers. and Mark Luther also paid tribute to Luke and Billie Snell. David Darwin. Guohui Guo. Javier Balma. A good leader is collaborative. which has included helping to organize chapters as well as increase the Institute’s certification activities worldwide. Will Lindquist. and John Harris ACI MISSoURI CHAPTER CoNVENTIoN CommITTEE Co-Chairs: Mark Luther and Timothy Vaughan Contractors’ Day: Beverly Garnant Exhibits: Ganesh Thiagarajan and James Van Acker Finance/Fundraising: Jim Posadny Guest Program: Billie Snell Publicity: Joe Garza Social Events: Eric Marlinghaus Student Program: Lawrence Taber and Patrick Earney Technical Sessions: D. Cynthia Ebert. Jianxin Ji. Oan Chul Choi. began the evening program by crediting Snell for his exceptional mentoring of students. Edwardsville. Emmanuel Idun. ACI Missouri Chapter President Patrick Earney announced that the chapter has established the Luke and Billie Snell Undergraduate Scholarship in recognition of their strong commitment in support of education. Bill Clawson. ACI Missouri Chapter members David Richardson. Jun Zuo. Jeff Smith. Timothy Vaughan. Co-Chair of the ACI Missouri Chapter Convention Committee. Lawrence Taber. Eric Marlinghaus. He began by talking about some of the basic principles he learned working side by side with his grandfather Elmer Baker in his concrete company. Jason Draper. Patrick Earney. “Strategically dive in. Rex Donahey.J. By jumping in and helping on the work site. serving as Chapter Secretary for 17 years during his tenure at the University of Southern Illinois. Emmanuel Attiogbe. He stressed the value of having a double degree: one from school and one from the trenches—those people often make the best leaders. Miriam Beatriz Toledo Subirana. Jim Curry. Jim Posadny.The ACI Missouri Chapter held a dinner in honor of Luke Snell. FACI. a team ACI Missouri Chapter members at the dinner for Luke and Billie Snell included (from left): Ron O’Kane. Snell has spent “25 years and counting” as a leading member of the chapter. In closing. Jiqiu Yuan. Lien Gong. Timothy Vaughan. ACI Vice President Richard D. such as providing customers with first-class quality work and taking care of your employees. Mark Luther. Arizona State University. “Careful you don’t step on any fingers on the rungs below on your way up. Jonathon Chin. Concrete Council. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile students Pierre Esselinck and Pierre Fabre (Carlos Videla. Amanda Gilliland. Quality Testing & Engineering. player. ACI Greater Miami Valley Chapter.. Brock Loomis... Concrete Company of Springfield. ACI Arkansas Chapter.H. Headwaters Resources. Decorative Concrete Supply. and Brett Raddon (Paul Tikalsky. and Jeffery Volz reviewed their research projects. ACI Georgia Chapter. Jim Posadny. STUdENT comPETITIoN Twenty-two teams from 17 universities entered the 2008 Concrete Cylinder Competition. Lisa Feldman.. students Ignacio Lozano-Perez. Linn State Technical College. Jonathon Chin. Ross Wagner. Awards were also given in several other competition categories. Illinois Cement. ACI New Mexico Chapter. and Vee-Jay Cement Contracting Company. Monarch Cement Company. Hunt Martin Materials. Enoch Eskelson. The University of Utah team of Crystal Clendennen. Jason Weiss. Babbling Brook: ACI Los Angeles Chapter Convention Committee. and SCI Engineering. Black River: Accurate Scale Company. Cimarron Wholesale. His research on the physical and chemical characteristics of the shell of air-entrained bubbles in cement paste was inspired by one of Ken Hover’s talks at a Student Lunch. C. Ash Grove Cement Company. Inc. Advisor).G. Lehigh Cement Company. Tyler Ley. Advisor) had the best prediction of Target Strength.M. Andrew Coughlin. TK Products. ACI Western Michigan Chapter. Landvatter Ready Mix. and TXI Expanded Shale & Clay. Division of Sierra Corp. Marc Parker. Concrete Promotional Group. and Sika Corp. MO/KS ACPA. Inc. Jason Weiss. He ended by stressing the importance of being considerate to everyone when climbing the ladder of success. and Nathan Jones (Paul Tikalsky. and The Korte Company. ACI Florida Suncoast Chapter.CoNVENTIoN SPoNSoRS The ACI Missouri Chapter wishes to thank all the organizations for their donations that helped make the ACI Fall 2008 Convention a success: Mississippi River: Baker Concrete Construction. began his presentation by thanking ACI for the connections and mentoring possibilities it offered him. Dario Adrian AguilarRodriguez. Breckenridge Material Company.” ACI Student Fellowship recipients Joseph Clendenen. ACI Illinois Chapter. Everist. Assistant Professor. Five Star Ready Mix Concrete. Advisor). Tarlton. Kansas RMCA and Aggregate Producers. and a team builder. SEMO Ready Mix. and Third place: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. and Graham Bennett (W. students Michael Gibbons. Inc. Rachel Smith. it appears that a shell is created around a bubble when using an air-entraining admixture and damaged hydration shells can repair themselves.. ACI Ontario Chapter. ACI Las Vegas Chapter. Inc. Advisor). Buildex. Tim Garfield. Stephan Woll. The work of up-and-coming leaders in concrete technology was showcased in the technical session on “ACI Student Fellowships and Young Member Initiatives. The complete list of winning teams in the 2008 Concrete 60 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . Kyle Riding. Independent Concrete Pipe Company. Kienstra Enterprises. Second place: University of Utah. Buzzi Unicem. ACI Rocky Mountain Chapter. with students Michael Dettloff. Advisor). Ross Wagner. and Virginia Lab Supply. From his findings. Advisor). Luke M. Fordyce Concrete. L. The top overall finishers were: First place: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. ACI San Antonio Chapter. L. The first place team in Lowest Cost was from Purdue University. Brundage Bone Concrete Pumping. Advisor) achieved first place in the Target Density category. Missouri River: Center for Transportation Infrastructure and Safety.. and Lafarge. Century Concrete. Ceco Concrete Construction. ACI Southern California Chapter. Instron. Partons. Raineri Building Materials.” Baker concluded. Big River Industries. Illinois River: ACI Missouri Chapter.G. Berra Paving. Midwest Concrete Industry Board. J. ACI Pittsburgh Area Chapter. Aranely Esmeralda-Ortiz-Castellanos. Snell. ACI Kansas Chapter. First place in Highest Cementitious Efficiency went to Purdue University students Michael Dettloff. Stephan Durham. Engineers. students Pierre Esselinck and Pierre Fabre (Carlos Videla. MC Industrial. Ley’s experimental work involved taking microphotos of the bubbles in bleed water every 5 minutes during hydration. and Graham Bennett (W. Inc. Tyler Ley. LLC. Marc Parker. Oklahoma State University.. Kaskaskia River: ACI Arizona Chapter. Continental Cement Company. Ahal Contracting Company. Remy Lequesne. and Victor Alonso Alvarez de los Santos (Alejandro Duran-Herrera. Inc. Holcim (US). Inc.M. The Euclid Chemical Co.. ACI New Jersey Chapter. Meramec River: BASF Construction Chemicals.I. as ACI and ASTM International both write construction testing standards on full structures.” The paper. www. A Board-level ACI Coordinating Task Group is to be formed with ASTM International to coordinate the writing of concrete-related specifications.org. Individual. the proper domain of similar test methods and specifications are called into question. American Engineering Testing. Now. ACI has a Memorandum of Understanding with ASTM International (1936) on a division of responsibility for Concrete Legacy Society “ACI has enabled me to remain technically competent. helping to ensure that future generations will have access to continued advancements in concrete knowledge. who are passionate about the concrete industry. Inc. 2008-2010 ACI Vice President. The Technical Activities Committee is authorized to appoint the ACI representatives of the Task Group. Young Professional. and identify opportunities for collaboration. though. presented his paper on “An Investigation of MacroSynthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. one of the winners in the ACI 2008 Concrete Projects Competition. He also was a regional winner in the Institution of Civil Engineers Graduate and Student Papers Competition for 2008. and have included ACI or the ACI Foundation in their estate plans. ACI staff attended a meeting with ASTM International in September 2008. which garnered Hughes second place. standards. UK.Cylinder Competition can be found at www. Organizational-Sustaining representatives.students.” – Dick Stehly. Peter Hughes. central area coast protection program. Before the start of the day’s competition. However. all ACI members (Student. I am motivated to give back to this industry that has shown such support for me throughout my career. and ACI continues to expose me to all the happenings and new developments in our industry. and member of the Concrete Legacy Society The Concrete Legacy Society is a special group of individuals. Principal.org – 248-848-3778 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 61 . three educational committees. The E-Membership Pilot Program has not met expectations and has been terminated.concrete. resolve potential conflicts. More importantly. Honorary. UK. Hughes discussed the use of macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete in revetment units that are part of the Blackpool.. was part of his dissertation to fulfill requirements for his BSc in building surveying from the University of Central Lancashire.ACIFoundation. and Fellow) will be provided the opportunity to serve as Associate Members on three technical committees. and three certification committees. where responsibility for standards was discussed. Individuals currently enrolled in the program will be “grandfathered” and allowed to maintain their e-membership at SIGNIFIcANT BoARd AcTIoNS The ACI Board of Direction approved the following motions at the ACI Fall 2008 Convention: Membership categories and service on committees have been clarified. org/Convention/Spring-Convention/ Front. without financial impact. “Innovation in the Construction Industry” was the theme of the Contractors’ Day Lunch with Jeff Steinhart. Inc. The exhibition will first tour in Europe. DoWN THE TRAIL To SAN ANToNE The ACI Spring 2009 Convention is taking place March 15-19. The IC subcommittees on Publications and Web site will be merged with the IC subcommittee on Partnerships and be renamed the International Partners and Publications subcommittee. The hotel ballroom was transformed into a replica of a German biergarten and a good time was enjoyed by all. The procedures for the “Organization and Operation of the Committee on Awards for Papers” have been revised and a policy has been developed to honor ACI’s distinguished deceased members. SPEcIAL EVENTS the lower rate.asp for more information. providing a low-cost alternative to replacement. Inc. TX. Inc. ACI is to be a cosponsor for the international exhibition and research program on the work of Pier Luigi Nervi. Outokumpu Stainless Proceq USA. LLC Big River Industries Buckeye Building Fibers. They also require Class 5 floor finishes and concrete is polished to improve the appearance of existing floors. Go to www. Inc. such as being the first to pasteurize its beer and use refrigerated rail cars. scheduled for March 14. Omya Canada. Decon USA. Of particular interest is a LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations Technical Review Workshop. The International Committee’s (IC) subcommittee on Membership is discharged. without financial obligation. who spoke on “Repair and Maintenance of Aging RC Bridges. 1969. 62 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . ICI Rheocenter Kryton International. Fred Weber.—Iron Mountain Trap Rock General Resource Technology Germann Instruments. during October 2009. at the Marriott Rivercenter in San Antonio. Inc. Missouri University of Science and Technology NEES Consortium.” He stressed the importance of integrating work-site planning with repair and maintenance activities. Inc. Conference on Advances in Concrete Technology. Inc.concrete. Octaform Systems. Lower shrinkage mixtures are used. along with mandatory wet cure and polyurea sealants for joint edge protection. Its commitment to innovation carries on to its civil and structural engineering practices. Inc.ACI FALL 2008 CoNVENTIoN EXHIBIToRS BASF Construction Chemicals. Inc. Headwaters Resources. Vice President of Engineering. starting in 2009. reporting to the IC and their mission statement will be rewritten to include the publication aspects of the new subcommittee. The Oktoberfest-themed Concrete Mixer was another example of the ACI Missouri Chapter’s great attention to the details in planning the convention. Holcim (US). LLC Butterfield Color CON-CURE Corp. Inc. Lafarge Maccaferri Group. to be held in Seville. initiating at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. provided their membership does not lapse. ACI received a request from the ACI Italy Chapter to cosponsor an international exhibition and a research program on the work of Pier Luigi Nervi. NY. Grace Construction Products Greenstreak Group. Inc. A-B views its concrete floors as an asset instead of an expense and follows ACI specifications for their construction. Bergmeister’s message was that a cooperative and synergistic approach creates a better working environment that can reduce repair time and costs. Universität für Bodenkultur Wein. Inc. After that. Anheuser-Busch (A-B). ACI Honorary Member. For example. Electro TechCP Engius ERICO The Euclid Chemical Co. The brewing company has been an innovator in its field. Sika Corp. Austria. ACI will take over from CANMET sponsorship of the Ninth Superplasticizers Conference and the 10th The International Lunch featured Konrad Bergmeister. Flatwork Technologies FORTA Corp. Inc. Professor. Vienna. QuakeWrap. and Canada. the exhibition will be shown in the U. The IC subcommittee on Certification will be moved to the Certification Programs Committee and be allowed to continue with their mission.S. Spain. MO. approximately 300 books were donated to the Winfield.Highlights of the ACI Fall 2008 Convention OPENiNG SEssioN ACI Missouri Chapter members (from left) Mark Luther. and Timothy Vaughan received certificates of appreciation for the chapter’s convention organizing efforts from ACI President Luis E. ACI Book Drive organizer. Patrick Earney. Fiorato presented the 2008 Hardy Cross Commemorative Lecture ACI President Luis E. school district library damaged by flooding Concrete international / MARCH 2009 63 . García (left) with Claudia Pulido. García ACI Past President Anthony E. gave an update of the program. After the fall convention. a winner of the PCA 11th Biennial Bridge Awards Judy Hukey. University of Arkansas.STUDENT AcTiViTiEs At the Concrete Cylinder Competition. and students Anna McGraw and Alex Lueders Concrete Cylinder Competition at the Fall 2008 Convention Peter Hughes. Arkansas Ready Mixed Concrete Association. from left: Rita Madison. presented his paper on “An Investigation of MacroSynthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete” ACI Missouri Chapter President Patrick Earney handed out prizes to students who correctly answered his questions on concrete technology 64 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . University of Central Lancashire. UK. Frances Griffith. Lawrence Taber (center). presented the awards David Bey accepted the awards for the University of Utah ACI Past President Dan Baker spoke about leadership to the Student Lunch audience Lawrence Taber gave out Kestrel 4300 hand-held wind meters to winners of a raffle drawing Concrete international / MARCH 2009 65 . Student Activities.Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon finished third overall Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile took first place overall in the Concrete Cylinder Competition. Chair of ACI Committee E801. S. Florian Barth. Chair. Dave Darwin. Mario Rodriguez. International Conferences/Conventions Subcommittee member At the International Partners meeting Previewing the Spring 2009 Convention at the ACI San Antonio Chapter desk 66 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . discussed “Innovation in the Construction Industry” at the Contractors’ Day Lunch At the International Lunch. Group Director. Konrad Bergmeister. and Jeff Steinhart. ACI Past President. Chair. International Committee. from left: Luke Snell.ARoUND ThE coNVENTioN Anheuser-Busch representatives Jerry Eyink (left). and H. Vice President of Engineering. ACI Vice President. Project Management. International Conferences/Conventions Subcommittee. International Lunch speaker. Lew. the combo that played Bavarian music during the event Concrete international / MARCH 2009 67 . leader of Two Star Final.CoNcRETE MiXER The theme of the Concrete Mixer was Oktoberfest Mark Luther (right) with Larry Hallar. PREsiDENT’s REcEPTioN 68 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . or form.UNDERLAYMENT PROVIDES HARD. It offers compressive strengths of up to 5500 psi (38 MPa) and exceptional surface hardness to resist marks and indentation from traffic. and measure all kinds of projects. Quick application and setting times permit the resumption of traffic within hours of installation. a perfect 90-degree angle. (300 x 300 mm). nonflammable. or roller. (400 x 600 mm). plumb. and rehabilitation projects. footing. foundations. and the pencil slot makes it easy to create accurate markings. —SLK Development Group. (150 x 150 mm). It features excellent intercoat adhesion so surfaces can easily be recoated. CIRCLE 53 Click on the Free Product Information link at www. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 69 . LONG-LASTING SuRFAcE Levelrock® brand 4500 NXG™ floor underlayment features outstanding strength and innovative selfsealing technology. and a ruler. and easily cleaned. —USG Corp. and footings. —Contract Packaging. It provides a smooth. stairs. It’s great for use on flatwork forms. It’s dual sided so it can be turned over and applied to all four corners of a foundation. brush. You can also obtain more information by using our reader service inquiry system and circling the appropriate number for the items of your choice. The stair tread and stair rise minimum and maximum measurements make measuring and setting concrete or masonry steps simple and exact. saving time and money. It’s resistant to most industrial chemicals and tough enough to withstand heavy traffic. square. LLC CIRCLE 52 COATING PROTEcTS cONcRETE Klear Gard™ WB is a water-based clear acrylic emulsion formulated to be used as a concrete sealer and dust proofer. It’s nontoxic. It comes in three different sizes: 16 x 24 in. 12 x 12 in. Its built-in sealer allows floor coverings to be installed without priming or sealing the surface. countertops. retaining walls.com for more information or to be directed to the companies’ Web sites. and 6 x 6 in. It can be applied by spray. longwearing surface at thicknesses from featheredge to 2 in. Klassic Kolor dyes and Kolor Packs can be added to create more than 20 color options.concreteinternational. CIRCLE 51 SINGLE TOOL INcORPORATES FOuR FuNcTIONS The Level Best2 incorporates two opposing level bubbles. hard. (50 mm). creating a single tool that can be used to level. This high-performance formula is designed for interior use in a wide variety of commercial. Inc. institutional. EXcAVATOR DESIGNED FOR OPERATOR cOMFORT The Caterpillar® 345D L hydraulic excavator has replaced the 345C L model. The anchor has been tested in accordance with AC193 and has been shown to provide outstanding performance in cracked and uncracked concrete under both static and seismic loading conditions. and an electric regeneration circuit to boost hydraulic efficiency and reliability. ergonomic controls. —Simpson Strong-Tie CIRCLE 55 70 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . and job site safety. productivity. and an easy-to-read monitor that displays information in 27 languages. the hydraulic and engine control systems now include a power management feature. It builds on the strengths of its predecessor while incorporating new designs that enhance performance and durability. The threaded design requires less installation torque. and comfortable with good ventilation. and it’s now been tested for use in both cracked and uncracked concrete—meeting the requirements of the 2006 International Building Code for post-installed anchors (see ICC-ES evaluation report ESR-2713). a high-back. The operator has the flexibility to select from alternative engine and hydraulic power settings without sacrificing breakout force or lift capacity. a heavier counterweight for greater stability and lifting performance. nonexpansion characteristics make it ideal for structural applications. allowing quick and easy installation. To conserve fuel during light-duty work. quiet. The cab is spacious. For extra comfort and productivity. CIRCLE 54 ANcHOR REcEIVES ICC-ES EVALuATION REPORT The Titen HD® screw anchor provides a high-strength connection for concrete and masonry. Its self-undercutting. An optional rear-view camera and Work Area Vision System enhance visibility. It installs with standard-size drill bits and is removable. It also features undercarriage improvement. air-suspension seat is now standard. even at reduced edge distances. —Caterpillar Inc. heated. 200 tons) on the arch to permit the jacking and closing operation 36 m (118 ft) above the deck of the bridge. Computer-based synchronization was carried out with software developed to take account of roll as the arch opened while controlling individual loads per cylinder as well as pairs of cylinders. CIRCLE 57 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 71 . It can be used to bond threaded rod and reinforcing bar into solid concrete and masonry base materials. the concrete arch had to be moved and the cantilevers had to be pushed apart to make space in the crown of the arch for the final concrete casting. the lift system was also used to provide hydraulic jacking to tension the cables and raise the deck to its final position. They are published here simply as a service to our readers. or any of its staff. LIFTING SYSTEM ALLOWS cOMPLETION OF cOMPLEX BRIDGE Construction of the Third Millennium Bridge in Zaragoza. The system imposed a load of slightly more than 12. It cures fast and has superior dispensing speed. It works well in damp and wet holes and is ideal for cold weather applications. leaving the arch totally unshored. more stringent criteria for strength design of concrete anchors in the International Building Code. methyl-methacrylate. The system was designed with automatic failsafe functions to halt the operation and hold the load if synchronization was interrupted.02 in. With only 3 days to complete the job. —Enerpac CIRCLE 56 ADHESIVE MEETS STRINGENT cODES AC100+Gold is a two-component. or developers who are responsible for the accuracy of the information. This low-odor formula contains no styrene. or VOCs. The custom-designed synchronous lift system was engineered to push apart and hold the two parts on top of the arch. The crucial job of jacking apart the crown of the bowstring arch was done with an Enerpac synchronous hydraulic lift system with six double-acting lock nut cylinders. This precision operation involved an electronic programmable system that synchronized three pairs of cylinders to within 0. the descriptions of these items do not represent endorsement by this magazine.000 tonnes (13. by the American Concrete Institute. Inc.) between leading and trailing points of the jacks.Information on the items reported in “Products & Practice” is furnished by the product manufacturers. involved a unique feat of hydraulic engineering. In addition to crown jacking. It can also be used to anchor into hollow masonry materials using screen tubes. Spain. high-strength structural adhesive anchoring system that meets the new. —Powers Fasteners. suppliers. All six jacks were monitored by a single programmable logic controller.5 mm (0. each with a lifting capacity of 2000 tonnes (2200 tons). Also. 72 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .REINFORcEMENT MANuFAcTuRER LAuNcHES REDESIGNED SITE Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics. NEW FROM CSDA To establish proper industry standards and ensure the highest levels of safety and workmanship.sgtf. A troubleshooting guide provides solutions to several possible problems that can occur when working with this type of equipment. It covers the proper codes and standards to be applied on polishing projects. Best Practice CSDA-BP-006. the Concrete Sawing & Drilling Association (CSDA) has published Specification CSDA-PC-113. Diamond Cutting Tools for ADA. The contact section allows users to obtain more product information and product quotes. FibaCrete®. makers of FibaTape®. This user-friendly site is easy to navigate for new and experienced visitors. and other reinforcement fabrics. and the news and press release section allows users to stay up to date. As a result of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. is intended to provide information on general maintenance.org and click on the “Standards. Best Practice CSDA-BP-005. and troubleshooting guides. brand name. differing design options. Easy search functions allow users to search by keyword.S. the U. www. Hydraulic Concrete Cutting Equipment. government has issued a series of guidelines and regulations to establish a standard level of accessibility for people with disabilities. and equipment operation. along with CSDA’s other Best Practices and Specifications. as well as the needed prerequisites for the work. The information can help cutting contractors obtain increased levels of efficiency and lifespan from their equipment. Polishing Concrete. These documents. has launched its redesigned Web site. Downloadable product sell sheets give users quick access to detailed product information. provides a quick overview of the ADA standard and outlines the types of concrete cutting tools that can be employed to perform the tasks necessary to be in compliance with the standard. industry. The guidelines are to be followed during the design. Visit www. or technology. are available to download for free. The employment section lists job opportunities. and alteration of buildings.com.csda. polishing setup procedures. Specs & Best Practices” link on the right-hand side of the page. construction. as well as ensuring against potential faults and hazards. It includes a new 3 in. productivity. You can also obtain more information by using our reader service inquiry system and circling the appropriate number for the items of your choice. INc. allowing smoother pumping. Material can easily be loaded into the PA4000 from ground level with a heavyduty skid steer.6 m3) per hour.14 m3) hopper and 5 in. —Airplaco Equipment Co. CIRCLE 58 SPEC MIX.com for more information or to be directed to the companies’ Web sites. patio and sidewalk pumping. The 5 ft3 (0. ICF walls.concreteinternational. It has a hydraulic drive train and offers more horsepower than previous models. and pressure grouting. (75 mm) discharge assembly that has been refined for the use of pea rock. CIRCLE 59 Click on the Free Product Information link at www. This low-profile compact unit holds up to five 3000 lb (1360 kg) bulk bags. reducing job site waste and clean-up costs. It features 50 ft (15 m) of vertical and 200 ft (61 m) of horizontal pumping capacity. (125 mm) HARD-CHROME™ material cylinder are capable of outputting up to 6 yd3 (4. —SPEC MIX. The patent-pending SPEC MIX® PA4000 Power Auger Delivery System is specifically designed for delivering all SPEC MIX dry preblended products to mixers. (2.7 m). mudjacking. It can also be used for masonry block fill. It gives contractors and precast manufacturers the ability to maximize their efficiency.4 x 2. and safety by increasing the mobility and versatility of their material mixing station. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 73 . Inc.Shotcrete AiRpLacO EQUipmeNT CO. it’s ideal for interior and exterior jobs with height and weight restrictions and for crews constantly on the move. With a footprint measuring 8 ft x 8 ft 4 in. The PumpMaster™ PG-25 grout pump improves on previous models. (38 mm). flatwork. CIRCLE 60 SiKa CORp. It also avoids pollution of groundwater by leaching of alkalis. and the heavy-duty LS600. The LS300 is designed to handle larger aggregate up to 1-1/2 in. block fill. The LS600 is ideal for low-slump concrete.Sigunit® L72 AF is a new generation. and specialty applications. Steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete applications can follow the contours of the ground. BeKaeRT CORp. These high-tensile-strength steel fibers offer a significant reduction in cost and a greater speed of construction. high-performance. All of the pumps feature an innovative digital control panel that provides diagnostic readouts in English or Spanish. large slabs. masonry. facilitating overhead spraying. hard-to-reach areas. The fibers also give resistance to tensile stresses at any point in the shotcrete layer. The pumps are ideal for a variety of shotcrete. and an exclusive full-flow shuttle-tube concrete valve. —Sika Corp. Its ability to produce very high early strength shotcrete results in faster construction and a safer working environment for construction workers in tunnels. Dramix® steel fibers are an easy alternative for reinforcing shotcrete. allowing the operator to quickly determine the current status and assist in troubleshooting. The LS400 and LS500 are capable of handling low cement/sand mixtures. tough rocky mixtures. —Multiqiup CIRCLE 62 MULTiQUip 74 maRCH 2009 / Concrete international . —Bekaert Corp. Other standard features include hydraulic surge brakes. It’s compatible with other Sika admixtures used for shotcrete such as Sikatard® 930 (hydration control admixture) and high-range water reducing admixtures from the Sika Viscocrete® and Sikament® series. and long-distance applications. alkali-free liquid set accelerator for wet and dry shotcrete applications. It meets the requirements of ASTM C1141 as a quick-setting accelerator and can be used in shotcrete utilized for initial support and final lining in tunnels and rock and slope stabilization. CIRCLE 61 Mayco’s LS concrete pump series consists of the LS300. providing a consistent thickness and reducing material volume. It offers a distinct reduction in rebound and dust and an improved bond of shotcrete to rock and concrete. the mid-range LS400 and LS500. true reverse shuttle tube pumping. 3) main hydraulic pump. —REED CIRCLE 63 KiNG PacKaGeD MaTeRiaLs CO. This pump packs all of its horsepower and pressure into a relatively small package. CIRCLE 64 Concrete international / MARCH 2009 75 . The mixtures offer significantly reduced rebound. The entrained air provides superior resistance to salt scaling and damage from freezing-and-thawing cycles. low shrinkage and permeability. —King Packaged Materials Co. They offer excellent adhesive and cohesive plastic properties. and improved resistance to water washout and sulfate attack.3 ft) in length. MS-D1 Shotcrete is also available with optional accelerators and a high cement content for applications that require fast set times and rapid strength gain. measuring only 4. They are able to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead applications. air-entrained shotcrete mixtures reinforced with micro-synthetic fibers that have greatly enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties.REED The C50SS Model Shotcrete Pump is specifically designed for extremely long-distance and high-volume shotcrete applications.67 m (15. It’s powered by the combination of a 164 kW (220 HP) Cummins diesel engine and a 180cc (11 in. King MS-D1 Shotcrete (dry mix) and MS-W1 Shotcrete (wet mix) are prepackaged. This extremely high-performance machine offers a maximum output of 41 m3 (54 yd3) per hour and the option of dual nozzling. resulting in less material used. The company began work on its 100th project. Sydney Opera House. WA. The compression reinforcement consists of self-consolidating concrete that’s pumped into an arch conduit within the beam shell.. and all 27 European Union member statess. (IISC).000 m2) of concrete has been treated to date. The tension reinforcement consists of high-strength steel prestressing strands that run along the bottom flanges of the beam shell. high-performance concrete. It’s part of the larger Hycrete IntegraTek Waterproofing System. parking garage. has completed a strategic investment in CERATECH. Inc. Flesheim.MASTER BUILDERS cELEbRATES 100 YEARS BASF Construction Chemicals. recently entered into a licensing agreement with Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Canada Ltd. Developed over the span of nearly 40 years. LLC. Throughout 2009. An estimated 5 million ft2 (465. They will also receive a 50% discount on attendance at Engrave-A-Crete’s Discovery and Training Seminars.100yearsofchemistry. Master Builders products have been used in many notable projects such as the Hoover Dam. a company that’s developed green admixture technologies for producing high-strength. The collective goal is to provide infrastructure owners with a prefabricated advanced composite bridge system. It comprises an FRP shell. and fabricate HC Bridge Company’s Hybrid Composite Beam (HCB) technology. and products that have made the brand a success at www.com. call (800) 8842114 or visit www. a manufacturer and distributor of decorative concrete engraving equipment. an environmentally friendly integral waterproofing admixture. predictable concrete. That same innovative thinking has continued through the decades and was used in the development of some of the first chemical admixtures. Grace & Co. Crete’s start-up business packages. in Canada. All of this is encapsulated in an FRP shell to protect the beam from corrosion and provide additional structural capacity. in the fall of 2008. fast-setting concrete primarily using fly ash. and Sears Tower. Grace also has exclusive rights to market CERATECH products and technology in the manufactured concrete market. which combines service with the admixture to waterproof entire structures and eliminates the need for external membranes. Under terms of the investment. projects. as well as other hybrid composite bridge components to be developed in the future. HYcRETE MARKS 100Th PROJEcT HC Bridge Company. Panama Canal.R. and tension reinforcement. Today the brand represents more than 150 products and continues to add to its portfolio as new needs emerge. distribute. AGREEmENT cOvERS DISTRIbUTION RIGhTS IN CANADA AND EUROpE Hycrete Inc.. has completed its 100th project with Hycrete Element™. Founded in 1909 by S. GRAcE INvESTS IN GREEN MATERIALS COmpANY VETERANS PROGRAm ASSISTS TRANSITION TO NEW CAREERS Engrave-A-Crete Inc. The technology uniquely enables the production of environmentally friendly. is offering a special program to help military veterans transition to new careers. giving producers the ability to make uniform. BASF will be highlighting the people. The admixture is certified Cradle-to-Cradle by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry. excluding Maritime Provinces. For more information on this program. is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its Master Builders brand. 76 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . the Master Builders brand has been a fixture in the construction market since the introduction of its first product. a firm specializing in the development of hybrid-composite structural alternatives that can be used for accelerated bridge construction and offer a long service life. it was first used in 2003 for a precast barrier project. This partnership will allow IISC exclusive rights to sell.com. LLC. a Seattle.engrave-a-crete. LLC. Over the past century. and the people behind the brand have garnered more than 100 patents for their technical achievements. a cement/iron floor topping mixture broadcast on top of freshly placed concrete that dramatically improved the wear resistance and appearance of floors. The HCB represents a unique application of fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) and composite bridge technology in that it incorporates several different materials in an embodiment of a beam that exploits and optimizes the inherent qualities of each material.W. compression reinforcement. members of the armed services who’ve been on active duty since 2001 will qualify for a 10% discount on any of Engrave-A- W. e-mail:
[email protected]. Web site: www. e-mail: mbsnyder@concretepavements. APRIL 22-24 MAY 5-9 15-18 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association Annual Convention. and Rehabilitation of Concrete Pavements. telephone: (248) 848-3809.cfm. Atlanta. Chicago.pci. 2009 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Committee Days. e-mail: jleonard@nrmca. and Rehabilitation.masonrysociety. fax: (972) 536-6364. IL. e-mail: stayabji@aol. fax: (239) 454-6787.org.nrmca. e-mail: cipremie@singnet. GA— contact NACE International. Korea—contact the secretariat. e-mail:
[email protected] for more listings.iccem-iccpm. Marriott Rivercenter. ACI.org. 16-19 For additional information. 25-27 23-25 15-19 International Foundation Congress & Equipment Expo ’09. TX—contact ASCE. IL—contact Danielle Lang. International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design. Web site: www. e-mail: mchilds@ concrete-pipe. 454-6989.cipremier. Web site: www. fax: +82-2-566-6087.dot.org.org. Naples.org. telephone: (410) 997-9020. com. 2010 — October 24-28. Lake Buena Vista. telephone: (800) 797-6223 or (281) 228-6200.org CONSTRUCT2009.org. org.org. 2009 — November 8-12. contact: Event Services.org/ conferences/structures2009/. Box 9094 Farmington Hills. JuNE 14-16 UPcOmING ACI CONVENTIONS The following is a list of scheduled ACI conventions: 2009 — March 15-19. Louis. kicem@iccem-iccpm. Marriott New Orleans.concreteinternational. fax: (281) 228-6300. Web site: www. Jeju. telephone: (412) 221-8450. St. telephone: (240) 485-1156.concretepavements.gov/pavement/ concrete/2009CPTPconf. CA— contact APA.com. Coimbra. PA. Riverside.nace. Web site: www. telephone: (303) 939-9700. MI 48333-9094 telephone: (248) 848-3795 • e-mail:
[email protected]. IN—contact Hanley Wood.giles@icri. Web site: www. P.ifcee09.org.org. New Orleans. telephone: +6567332922. e-mail. telephone: (972) 506-7216. Pittsburgh. TX. Construction. e-mail: caren. e-mail: registrations@asce. telephone: (214) 343-2091.2009 MARcH 15-18 See the events calendar at www. telephone: (800) 548-2723.org. telephone: (312) 360-3212. Austin. International Concrete Repair Institute 2009 Spring Convention.com. Orlando. telephone: +82-2-5666067. American Concrete Pipe Association Annual Meeting. 2009 Structures Congress. Herndon. The Masonry Society 2009 Spring Meetings. LA.asce. Chicago. telephone: (239) APRIL/MAY 30-2 3rd International Conference on Construction Engineering and Management/6th International Conference on Construction Project Management. 23-24 22-26 Corrosion 2009.fhwa. Sheraton. MN—contact Caren Giles. VA—contact TMS. San Antonio. Repair. Xi’an. 1st International Conference on Civil Engineering Towards a Better Environment. e-mail: info@archprecast. Web site: www.archprecast. Portugal— contact CI Premier.org.org.sg.com.org. fax: +65-62353530. MO— contact Shiraz Tayabji.org.org. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 77 . Web site: www. Web site: www.O. National Conference on Preservation.constructshow. FL—contact Jennifer Leonard. Indianapolis.com.com. 27-30 27-30 Architectural Precast Association Annual Convention. fax: (410) 997-9028.org. Web site: www. Westin & Convention Center. Web site: www. telephone: (972) 819-7601. Web site: www. e-mail:
[email protected]. e-mail: firstservice@ nace. Web site: content. org. FL—contact Jan Hall. FL— contact Matthew Childs. fax: (303) 541-9215. Minneapolis. e-mail: info@masonrysociety. China—contact Mark Snyder. 2010 — March 21-25. Web site: www. this new document is open for public discussion from March 1. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete. 38800 Country Club Drive. as did the ACI Standards Board in January 2009. American Concrete Institute. Document number 346 Title Specification for Cast-in-Place Concrete Pipe Open for discussion 3/1/2009 Discussion closes 4/17/2009 423.com 78 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .1 Requirements 2/1/2009 3/1/2009 3/17/2009 4/17/2009 PROpOSED STANDARD “SpEcIFIcATION FOR CAST-IN-PLAcE CONcRETE PIpE (346)” The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through the ACI Standardization Procedure in July 2008. Bournay. They are being processed through ACI’s ANSIapproved standardization procedures and are not yet official ACI standards.org. 2009.concrete. To see a summary of all ACI draft standards in process or recently completed within the past 3 months. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete. Therefore. as did the ACI Standards Board in January 2009.discussion. 2009. 38800 Country Club Drive. PROpOSED STANDARD “DESIGN OF A SpEcIAL UNBONDED POST-TENSIONED PREcAST SHEAR WALL SATISFYING ACI ITG-5. MI 48331.concrete. 2009.2 Test Method for Bleed Stability of Cementitious Post-Tensioning Tendon Grout Design of a Special Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Shear Wall Satisfying ACI ITG-5. this new document is open for public discussion from March 1. www. The document appears on the ACI Web site. Farmington Hills. until April 17.2)” The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through the ACI Standardization Procedure in July 2008.X ITG-5. Therefore.org.1 REQuIREMENTS (ITG-5.concrete.discussion. Upcoming Themes April 2009—Repair & Renovation May 2009—Durability June 2009—Formwork For advertising details. contact Jeff Rhodes • Phone (410) 584-8487 • e-mail: concrete@networkpub. 2009. Farmington Hills. Pertinent discussion will be available on ACI’s Web site and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if received no later than April 17. until April 17.org or mailed to Jessie L. please visit www. The document appears on the ACI Web site. www. Supervisor of Technical Documents.The following ACI draft standards are open for public discussion.org or mailed to Jessie L.org. American Concrete Institute. Bournay. 2009. Supervisor of Technical Documents. 2009. MI 48331.discussion. Pertinent discussion will be available on ACI’s Web site and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if received no later than April 17. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 79 . Standard U.99 $50.699.00 $8. 2009. DATE ACCOUNT NUMBER Order Amount Up To: less than $25 $25 .99 $150 .S.00 ACI member) Please send me a free copy of the 2009 ACI Publications & Services Catalog Please send me ACI Membership information DATE NAME TITLE PLEASE TYpE OR PRINt SUBTOTAL Shipping/handling charges (see below) Canadian residents add 5% GST (126213149RT) Michigan residents add 6% sales tax $ COMPANY ADDRESS CITY ZIP/POSTAL CODE E-MAIL COUNTRY STATE/PROVINCE PHONE FAX (U.95 ($711. Charge my Visa MasterCard EXP.00 Other ship methods—Please call ACI Please contact ACI Member/Customer Services Department for purchase over $1.99.S.Publications Order Form No./Item/Price* ____ MCPCD09.CI $199.concrete. Offers expire December 31. Air = $15.95 ($409.O.50 ($499.00 14% 11% 10% 9% 8% 7% Canada & International Airmail 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% SIGNATURE CD-ROM Orders Per Item: U. days) $8.349. Media (book) Mail (3-4 weeks) $7. Standard = $9.Required for Member Rate Charge to my ACI Account (Members Only) Check enclosed # The following shipping and handling charges apply to all orders: Do not duplicate telephone / FAX orders by mail. Fax: 248-848-3801 80 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .1500 Must Ship U.S.00 U.00 ACI member) ____ MCPCD09PACK.99 $700 . Box 9094.00 ACI member) No. Farmington Hills./Item/Price* ____ MCP09PACK.org No.00 All Other Intl.99 $100 .50 ($150.49.00 $12.00 $10. Standard (7-10 bus.00 Canada/Mexico Air = $10./Item/Price* ____ 31808CD.S.199.500 or for expedited delivery rates. For faster service . P.99 $350 . Web: www.00 $10.CI $681.order by telephone or fax! Phone: 248-848-3800.S. USA Phone: 248-848-3800. MI 48333-9094. Member/Customer Services.00 .99 $250 . Fax: 248-848-3801.249.CI $799. Funds) TOTAL MEmBER REFERENCE NUmBER .99 $200 .CI $1185.00 ACI member) Please feel free to copy this form ACI.149. & Canada students. $33 for U.S. Subscriptions Please indicate preference: ACI Structural Journal ACI Materials Journal Concrete Repair Bulletin (CRB) (not available electronically) BOTH Journals or combination of Journal(s) & Concrete Repair Bulletin Per additional publication. visit www. Please allow up to 2 months for delivery to countries outside the U.S. Funds Only) Payment CHECK payable to American Concrete Institute CREDIT CARD Visa MasterCard ACCOUNT NUMBER EXPIRATION DATE NAME (AS APPEARS ON CREDIT CARD) SIGNATURE CHECK NUMBER Profile Information (Select all that apply.S. Ms.S.S. & Canada.S. outside U. please include an additional $69 with annual dues payment. Your membership includes a subscription to Concrete International ($69 value) and a choice of either the ACI Structural Journal.org Please print or type all information requested below: Mr. or the Concrete Repair Bulletin. OrGaNiZatioNaL – $990 PLUS aPPLicaBLe ShiPPiNG FeeS Includes one set of the Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). Mrs.S.concrete. and Canada add $25 shipping fee.) Markets Occupations Design Materials Production Construction Testing Repair Owner Management Consultant Engineer Architect Field Supervisor Technical Specialist Quality Control Inspector Craftsman Sales & Marketing Association Employee Government Employee Researcher Educator Student Other _____________ Areas of Interest Admixtures Aggregates Cementitious Materials Decorative Flatwork Floors/Slabs Formwork Maintenance Masonry Mixture Proportioning Precast/ Prestressed Repair Residential Roads/Bridges Shotcrete Structural Sustainability Testing Tilt-Up Business Influence Local National Global Preferred Methods of Communications Mail E-mail FOR ACI USE ONLY CODE CI MEMBER NUMBER ANNIVERSARY DATE Concrete international / MARCH 2009 81 . and a subscription to Concrete International and both ACI Materials & Structural Journals.concrete. and much more. & Canada students) Do you prefer to receive your journals: On-line (Access to archive journals included) Via regular mail Fees $ $ $ $ $ Membership dues Additional Journals Organizational six volume set shipping fees For Journals. FiRsT NamE Gender: Female Male MiddLE INiTiaL LasT NamE (suRNamE) CoRpoRaTE TiTLE BiRThdaTE EmpLoYER E-maiL addREss addREss ciTY STaTE Zip couNTRY TELEphoNE faX Categories of membership Please select the desired category of membership and submit the appropriate dues described below. Dr.sustaining.students.org or call (248) 848-3800. SUSTAINING MEMBERSHIP – ACI Sustaining Members receive all membership benefits of Organizational Members plus a free copy of every new ACI publication and increased corporate exposure.S. ($74 for individuals outside U. ACI Materials Journal ($69 value). Box 9094 • Farmington Hills. STUDENT (U.concrete. E-StUdeNt – FREE Join at www. positioning them as a leader in the concrete industry. a wall plaque. For complete details or to join. and Canada) – $80/year iNdicaTE subscRipTioN pREfERENcE Individuals under the age of 28 who are registered full-time students at an educational institution. Full-time students age 28 and above may be granted Student Membership when the request is endorsed by the student’s advisor. MaNUaL oF CoNcrete Practice: – Select a format and include applicable shipping fee: Six Volume Set – U.org. MI 48333-9094 • USA Phone: (248) 848-3800 • Fax: (248) 848-3801 • Web: www. Canadian residents add 5% GST (#126213149RT) TOTAL (U.O. $40 for outside U. aNd CaNada) – $40/year iNdicaTE subscRipTioN pREfERENcE STUDENT (Outside U. YoUNG ProFeSSioNaL – $124/year iNdicaTE subscRipTioN pREfERENcE Individuals under the age of 28 who do not qualify for student membership. and Canada add $160 shipping fee CD-ROM – no additional shipping costs Online Subscription – no additional shipping costs INdiVidUaL – $222/year iNdicaTE subscRipTioN pREfERENcE Individuals 28 years old or above residing worldwide.2009 ACI Membership Application American Concrete Institute • P.S. $190 (12x). contracts and text are due on the 25th of the month prior to appearance. Classified Rates for Concrete International: $100 for first 50 words and $2 for each additional word over 50. if you want your ad to appear on the 15th of the month. $210 (9x). Professional Services Section (3-1/2 x 2 in.PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Available classified sections: Positions Wanted. Contact Jeff Rhodes at (410) 584-8487 for deadlines and additional information. Education. contracts and text are due by the 10th of the month that your ad will appear. Business Opportunities. Print Classified ad deadlines: All ads need to be reserved 2 months ahead of issue in which ad will appear. $250 (3x). If you want your classified ad to appear on the first of the month. $230 (6x). 82 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . Positions Available. Online Classified ad deadlines: Ads post on the 1st and 15th of every month and will run for one month. Used Equipment. and Positions Vacant.): $280 (1x). ...... ..............................................................................ENG P...........O..............................com Chemco Systems.............. 6 StructurePoint...................................................Inside Back Cover Computers & Structures.. MI 48331-9040 E-mail: Barb... headquartered in Farmington Hills......................................org CI ADVERTISING For more information.....Cheyne@concrete...................................................................... Inc........................................................ and interact with technical committees that produce ACI 318 and related documents......... Back Cover CTS Cement Mfg............ Resume and salary requirements to: Director......... Human Resources ... You’ll respond to technical inquiries..Inside Front Cover Xypex Corporation........................ 29 ACI’s Career Center ACI’s Online Career Center brings together great job opportunities and great candidates.........concrete.. 55 Computerease...... Corp........................................................................ 11 Outokumpu............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... • • • • Easy online job management Resume searching access Company awareness FREE Student Internships Don’t miss this unique opportunity to be seen by an exclusive audience of the industry’s best and brightest! Visit www................. Inc..... assist in developing and editing technical documents. 33 QuakeWrap........................................................................ 1 Elcometer Inspection Equipment............ 13 Decon..................................org. Concrete construction experience preferred...................... contact: Jeff Rhodes....................... Box 9040 Farmington Hills...................................................... 51 Gerdau Ameristeel......... Individual with civil engineering degree and 5+ years of experience in engineering materials related to concrete............... Sales Manager Network Media Partners (410) 584-8487 E-mail: concrete@networkmediapartners.. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 83 .......................................... 2 Northeast Solite Corporation........ This job search engine is specifically targeted to the concrete industry...ENGINEER Exciting opportunity at the American Concrete Institute................. Michigan......................................................................................... Inc. so fabricators may treat them as extra work or materials and not include them in their contract price. however. 2) more uniform and minimize the dimension D required to provide a flat support. so it’s conceivable that some standees will be up to 1 in. Figure 1 shows reinforcing bars bent to support the top mat of bars in a thick foundation. The bar supports you refer to in Fig. 3) with A. or e-mail Rex. are there any instructions or diagrams that can help ironworkers produce them? I assume that because they only support bars. and Rick Kunze) (a) (b) Fig. They are considered accessories. 2. 1 are known as standees. and (b) Type 26 (from Reference 1) 84 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international . Concrete International. 1: The supports fabricated from reinforcing bar shown in this photo are referred to as standees (Photo courtesy of ColusaNET. this is likely not a problem. Contractors should therefore request that standees be bent on stirrup mandrels. Because they are not considered stirrups or ties. it’s a good idea to detail standees as Type S1 bars (Fig. Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical committees. but not so for thinner slabs. We invite comment on any of the questions and answers published in this column. The fabricator will be bending to normal tolerances of ±1/2 in. and may make it difficult to maintain the supported bar in the desired position. rather than flat. contact us by fax at (248) 848-3701. they can be bent to much tighter radii than allowed for structural bars. (25 mm) taller than the shortest ones. Because standees are only support bars. 2) is not somewhat larger than the mandrel diameter.org. standees are supplied by the reinforcing steel fabricator. The answers do not represent the official position of an ACI committee. rather than smaller stirrup-and-tie mandrels. there are no requirements for minimum bend diameter. One must be careful. 38800 Country Club Drive. the top of the standee will be slightly rounded.Donahey@concrete. (±13 mm). MI 48331. This will tend to make the leg dimensions (dimensions C and E in Fig. however. 1 is a Type 25. they are typically bent with standard mandrels. To ensure tighter tolerances are met. not to bend them to too tight of a radius or the bars might develop microcracks that cause them to fail under the weight of the bars they are supporting. Any information you can give me would be appreciated. FABRIcATION Generally. but is it feasible to fabricate them on site? If so. Write to the Editor.Fabrication of Standees Q. The standee in Fig. The two types of standees (Types 25 and 26) that are normally fabricated from reinforcing bars are shown in Fig. Only a published committee document represents the formal consensus of the committee and the Institute. Fig. If the dimension at the top of the standee (dimension D in Fig. For thick slabs. 2: There are two types of standees that are typically produced from reinforcing bar: (a) Type 25. Farmington Hills. so the main concern would be fabricating them carefully enough to meet the placing tolerances for the bars that they support. I understand that the bar fabricator generally supplies these. Inc. 13) NO. however. If the standee is going to sit on a blinding layer of a footing (a slab directly below the foundation. and they also allow on-site height adjustments. WHIcH TYPE? B and F legs apart or squeezing them together). which makes them stronger and less likely to collapse. 4: When the standees rest on a bottom layer of bars. the length of the feet (dimensions B and F in Fig. 3 (NO. so they can sit solidly across at least two bars as shown in Fig. D should be 1. the B and F sides should be about the same length as the D dimension. IL. 10 and 13) bars and bend limited quantities of No. 6 (NO. 5 (No. and D called out. field-bent Type S1 bars are a good choice for ensuring tight tolerances. 7 (NO. If a commercial manually-operated bender is not readily available. also called a mud slab or mud mat). the legs for Type 26 standees are vertical.5 times the spacing of the top mat. Canada. in Vancouver. CRSI Committee on Reinforcing Bar Detailing. That way. Also. C. they cannot be adjusted. but have a tendency to twist and collapse under heavy loading. Schaumburg. If the standees are going to sit on the bottom reinforcing bars of a footing or slab. 4 (NO. have to be lifted and turned after the first bend and before the last bend. C-2. Thanks to Dick Birley. 16) NO. 16) bars. There are a number of commercial manually-operated benders available that can easily bend No. one can be easily fabricated at a local machine shop. 13 or 16) tie bars at about midheight. Type 26 standees. or on formwork. 4. 4th edition. Kunze) TAbLE 1: SUGGEsTED B AND F DIMENsION fOR sTANDEEs bEARING ON A sLAb OR fORMWORK Bar size NO. If standees must be taller than about 4 ft (1. the fabricator will automatically bend them as stirrups on a smaller mandrel. BC. 8 (NO. One final note: detailers should always double and triple check their calculations for the height of the standees. B and F should perhaps be a bit longer—it’s a matter of judgment. Inc. 25) B or F dimension. This can be remedied by securing them in both directions with continuous No.. 2000. 2) should be about 1. 4 or 5 (No. for providing the answer to this question. The geometry is unusual. B and F should be 1. 3: Standees can also be detailed as Type S1 bars bent in the shop with the feet bent later in the field (from Reference 1) Fig. p. As the standees get taller. 3 and 4 (No. and Rick only dimensions B. Ironworkers will thus be able to control the height dimension to a very precise tolerance. 5 (NO.5 times the bottom bar spacing so the standees sit solidly across at least two bars (Photo courtesy of ColusaNET. Type 25 standees have the advantage of being adjustable (the height can be changed simply by spreading the References 1.Fig. so it’s common to see errors in the calculations. 10) NO. in. Fabricators like Type 25 because they are easier to bend. 22) NO. Reinforcing Bar Detailing. and the contractor will be able to bend the feet of the standee using a manually-operated bender or a powered bender on site. however. (mm) 4 (100) 6 (150) 8 (200) 10 (250) 12 (300) 14 (350) DETAILING There are a few things to keep in mind when detailing standees. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute.2 m). There are fundamental differences between Type 25 and 26 standees. Concrete international / MARCH 2009 85 . Larger bars must be bent on a powered bender. they can be unstable. The dimensions shown in Table 1 generally work well. As indicated previously. Likewise. 19) NO. Once Type 26 standees are bent. President of Condor Rebar Consultants.5 times the spacing of the bars they are sitting on. Index A Volume 30 January through December 2008 Acceptance Criteria—Evaluation Service Helps Innovative Products Enter Market—Marion Maguire, November 2008......................................................................................57 Accessories Accelerate Handset System—Martin Howes, December 2008...................................................................58 ACI 318 —Fire Resistance Dilemma, A—William L. Gamble, April 2008......................................................................................63 —Reorganizing ACI 318—Randall W. Poston and Charles W. Dolan, July 2008. .................................................................57 —Strut-and-Tie Models for Deep Beam Design—Gustavo J. Parra-Montesinos, December 2008..................................41 ACI Code Requirements for Repair of Buildings — Lawrence F. Kahn, April 2008. ...........................................51 ACI Committee 120 —Landmark Papers in Concrete Materials Research, March 2008.....................................54 ACI Foundation —Delivering Practical Solutions to the Concrete Industry— Joseph Sanders and Claude Bédard, July 2008..............27 —Meeting Needs and Growing Potential—Claude Bédard, Debrethann Orsak, and Joseph Sanders, August 2008......................................................................................24 ACI Publications Committee —Landmark Papers in Concrete Materials Research, March 2008....................54 Adhesive Anchor Installation and Inspection — Richard E. Wollmershauser and Lee Mattis, December 2008......................................................................................36 Admixture —Energizing Concrete—Mark A. Bury and Jeffrey R. Bury, January 2008. ...........................................42 Aïtcin, Pierre-Claude—Hidden Meaning of Water-Cement Ratio, The, May 2008. .........................................................51 Ament, Tom—Designing a Concrete Competition, August 2008......................................................................................59 Architectural Concrete—Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts, The—Joe Nasvik, October 2008.......................................67 Assessing Vibrations —Jeffrey S. West, Matthew J. Innocenzi, Fernando V. Ulloa, and Randall W. Poston, October 2008......................................................................47 Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement—Richard E. Weyers, Michael C. Brown, Andrei Ramniceanu, and Michael M. Sprinkel, June 2008.........55 At Home in a Dome—M.K. Hurd, September 2008...........48 Automatic Detailing of Reinforcement —Greg Birley, November 2008. ..................................................................41 Automation—Productivity Tools for the Concrete Testing Laboratory—Richard Gedney, June 2008. .......................52 Avoiding the Dead Zone—Dick Birley, April 2008............60 B Baluch, Mohammed H. —Calculating Drying-Shrinkage Stresses, July 2008.............................................................37 Bédard, Claude —Delivering Practical Solutions to the Concrete Industry, July 2008..............................................................................27 —Meeting Needs and Growing Potential, August 2008.....24 86 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international Benmokrane, Brahim—Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions, November 2008. .............................................34 Bentz, Dale P.—Hidden Meaning of Water-Cement Ratio, The, May 2008. ....................................................................51 Benus, Edward—Flattooing Concrete Surfaces, August 2008......................................................................................48 Bidding—Contractors’ Guide to Mass Concrete—Bruce A. Suprenant and Ward R. Malisch, January 2008...............37 Birley, Dick —Avoiding the Dead Zone, April 2008................................60 —Reinforcement Placing Drawings are not Shop Drawings, December 2008. ................................................48 Birley, Greg —Automatic Detailing of Reinforcement, November 2008. ..................................................................41 Bottenberg, Ray—Cathodic Protection of Historic Bridges, September 2008..................................................................37 Bozzo, Luis —Prestressed Partially Precast System, A, February 2008.....................................................................35 Brewin, Peter—Concrete Cloth, November 2008.............46 Bridges—Cathodic Protection of Historic Bridges—Ray Bottenberg, September 2008............................................37 Brown, Michael C. —Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement, June 2008...........................55 Building Code—Reorganizing ACI 318—Randall W. Poston and Charles W. Dolan, July 2008.......................................57 Bury, Jeffrey R.—Energizing Concrete, January 2008.....42 Bury, Mark A.—Energizing Concrete, January 2008. ........42 Congestion—Avoiding the Dead Zone—Dick Birley, April 2008......................................................................................60 Constraints on Reinforcing Bar Modeling—CRSI Staff, November 2008. ..................................................................60 Constructibility—Avoiding the Dead Zone—Dick Birley, April 2008............................................................................60 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement—Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions—Brahim Benmokrane, Mohamed Eisa, Sherif El-Gamal, Denis Thébeau, and Ehab El-Salakawy, November 2008. ............................................34 Contractors’ Guide to Mass Concrete—Bruce A. Suprenant and Ward R. Malisch, January 2008.................................37 Corrosion—Our Aging Infrastructure—Andy Marquardt, September 2008..................................................................52 Crawford, William—Concrete Cloth, November 2008.....46 CRSI Staff—Constraints on Reinforcing Bar Modeling, November 2008. ..................................................................60 Curing Compound—Specifying Conformance with ASTM C1315—John C. Hukey, March 2008...........................51 Curved-Bar Nodes—Gary J. Klein, September 2008.........42 Cusum Analysis —Density—Is it Worth Measuring?— Ken W. Day, January 2008..................................................47 D Darling, Jason—Waterproofing Below-Grade Shotcrete Walls, November 2008.......................................................50 Day, Ken W.—Density—Is it Worth Measuring?, January 2008......................................................................................47 Decorative Concrete —Certifying Decorative Concrete Contractors—Todd A. Scharich, August 2008.......................................................43 —Flattooing Concrete Surfaces—Tamryn Doolan and Edward Benus, August 2008. .............................................48 Decorative Concrete Success Starts Early—Chris Sullivan, August 2008. ........................................................................40 Delamination—Minimally Invasive Delamination Repairs— Nelson R. Tonet, July 2008................................................50 Delivering Practical Solutions to the Concrete Industry— Joseph Sanders and Claude Bédard, July 2008..............27 Demuynck, Annelies—Phase One of Wind Project Winds Down, October 2008..........................................................41 Density—Is it Worth Measuring?—Ken W. Day, January 2008......................................................................................47 Designing a Concrete Competition—Allyn Luke and Tom Ament, August 2008...........................................................59 Detailing —Automatic Detailing of Reinforcement—Greg Birley, November 2008. ..................................................................41 —Curved-Bar Nodes—Gary J. Klein, September 2008......42 —Reinforcement Placing Drawings are not Shop Drawings—Dick Birley, December 2008..........................48 Deterioration—Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement—Richard E. Weyers, Michael C. Brown, Andrei Ramniceanu, and Michael M. Sprinkel, June 2008......................................................................................55 Concrete international C Calculating Dr ying-Shrinkage Stresses —Mohammed H. Baluch, Muhammad Kalimur Rahman, and Isam A. Mahmoud, July 2008..........................................................37 Cao, Xia—Waterproofing Below-Grade Shotcrete Walls, November 2008. ..................................................................50 Cathodic Protection of Historic Bridges—Ray Bottenberg, September 2008..................................................................37 C e r t i f i c a t i o n —Mixing Cer tification with Higher Education—Luke M. Snell, November 2008....................53 Certifying Decorative Concrete Contractors—Todd A. Scharich, August 2008.......................................................43 Code—ACI Code Requirements for Repair of Buildings— Lawrence F. Kahn, April 2008. ...........................................51 COIN: Concrete Innovation Center—Tor Arne Hammer, December 2008...................................................................51 Compressive Strength—The Hidden Meaning of WaterCement Ratio—Dale P. Bentz and Pierre-Claude Aïtcin, May 2008.............................................................................51 Concrete Cloth —William Crawford and Peter Brewin, November 2008. ..................................................................46 Concrete Dumping Height Specification—Cristian Masana, February 2008.....................................................................40 Concrete Homes—Disaster-Resistant Shell Houses—Cloyd E. Warnes, May 2008..........................................................39 Concrete Houses Alive and Well After More Than 80 Years—M.K. Hurd, May 2008............................................34 / mARCH 2009 87 Diaphragm—Practical Finite Element Analysis—Myoungsu Shin, Benjamin Pimentel, and Jacob Grossman, October 2008......................................................................................71 Disaster-Resistant Shell Houses—Cloyd E. Warnes, May 2008......................................................................................39 Dolan, Charles W.—Reorganizing ACI 318, July 2008.......57 Doolan, Tamryn—Flattooing Concrete Surfaces, August 2008......................................................................................48 Drill —Maintaining Productivity—Raymond Reub, December 2008...................................................................55 E Education—Mixing Certification with Higher Education— Luke M. Snell, November 2008. .........................................53 Eisa, Mohamed —Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions, November 2008. .............................................34 El-Gamal, Sherif —Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions, November 2008. .............................................34 El-Salakawy, Ehab —Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions, November 2008. .............................................34 Energizing Concrete—Mark A. Bury and Jeffrey R. Bury, January 2008.......................................................................42 Engineered Wood Used in Formwork—M.K. Hurd, June 2008......................................................................................45 Epoxy Coating—Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement—Richard E. Weyers, Michael C. Brown, Andrei Ramniceanu, and Michael M. Sprinkel, June 2008......................................................................................55 Evaluation Service Helps Innovative Products Enter Market—Marion Maguire, November 2008....................57 Extending the Service Life of Parking Structures—K. Nam Shiu and Kyle Stanish, April 2008. ....................................43 Exter nal Prestressing —Strengthening by External Prestressing—C. Antony Jeyasehar and G. Mohankumar, October 2008......................................................................61 F Fiber—Concrete Cloth—William Crawford and Peter Brewin, November 2008. ..................................................................46 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete —New Frontiers for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—Ja ¯nis Ošlejs, May 2008.................................................................45 —Ultra High-Performance Concretes—Pierre Rossi, February 2008.....................................................................31 Fiber -Reinforced Polymer —Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions—Brahim Benmokrane, Mohamed Eisa, Sherif El-Gamal, Denis Thébeau, and Ehab El-Salakawy, November 2008. ..................................................................34 Finishing—Certifying Decorative Concrete Contractors— Todd A. Scharich, August 2008.........................................43 Finite Element Analysis —Calculating Drying-Shrinkage Stresses—Mohammed H. Baluch, Muhammad Kalimur Rahman, and Isam A. Mahmoud, July 2008..........................................................37 —Practical Finite Element Analysis—Myoungsu Shin, Benjamin Pimentel, and Jacob Grossman, October 2008......................................................................................71 Fire Endurance—Fire Resistance Dilemma, A—William L. Gamble, April 2008.............................................................63 Fire Resistance Dilemma, A—William L. Gamble, April 2008......................................................................................63 Flat Plate—Over the Neighbors—Ahmed Osman, February 2008......................................................................................43 Flattooing Concrete Surfaces—Tamryn Doolan and Edward Benus, August 2008............................................................48 Flexibility and Strength by Design—Rolf Spahr, June 2008......................................................................................50 Flying Form—Formwork Efficiencies—Cary Kopczynski, June 2008.............................................................................41 Formwork —Accessories Accelerate Handset System—Martin Howes, December 2008...................................................................58 —Engineered Wood Used in Formwork—M.K. Hurd, June 2008......................................................................................45 —Flexibility and Strength by Design—Rolf Spahr, June 2008......................................................................................50 —Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts, The—Joe Nasvik, October 2008......................................................................................67 For mwork Ef ficiencies —Car y Kopczynski, June 2008......................................................................................41 Formwork Removal Specification—Cristian Masana, June 2008......................................................................................38 Foundation —Phase One of Wind Project Winds Down—Annelies Demuynck and Nathalie Gunst, October 2008. ...............41 —Waterproofing Below-Grade Shotcrete Walls—Jason Darling and Xia Cao, November 2008..............................50 Free Fall—Concrete Dumping Height Specification—Cristian Masana, February 2008......................................................40 Freezing and Thawing Cycle—Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures—John T. Kevern, Kejin Wang, and Vernon R. Schaefer, July 2008.............................................................43 Fudala, David—Understanding and Specifying F-min, July 2008......................................................................................52 G Gamble, William L.—Fire Resistance Dilemma, A, April 2008......................................................................................63 Gedney, Richard—Productivity Tools for the Concrete Testing Laboratory, June 2008. .........................................52 Grossman, Jacob —Practical Finite Element Analysis, October 2008......................................................................71 Gunst, Nathalie—Phase One of Wind Project Winds Down, October 2008......................................................................41 H Hammer, Tor Arne—COIN: Concrete Innovation Center, December 2008...................................................................51 88 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international .54 Mattis..... Lawrence F.. June 2008....... August 2008............... November 2008............... Cristian —Concrete Dumping Height Specification.................................... Malisch................................................................Hardened Shelter—Concrete Cloth—William Crawford and Peter Brewin........ May 2008.....37 Maintaining Productivity—Raymond Reub... October 2008............. Medgar L............ Hurd...... October 2008............................................ José I................... Cary—Formwork Efficiencies............................................ Restrepo...... December 2008..............................................................37 Materials —Landmark Papers in Concrete Materials Research—ACI Publications Committee and ACI Committee 120............................. ............... ................... Martin—Accessories Accelerate Handset System......... April 2008.......................24 Minimally Invasive Delamination Repairs—Nelson R. —Specifying Conformance with ASTM C1315................61 I Innocenzi.................................................31 History —Concrete Houses Alive and Well After More Than 80 Years—M.......... July 2008............... Marion—Evaluation Service Helps Innovative Products Enter Market......40 —Formwork Removal Specification................... November 2008......... December 2008......... January 2008................ Obla and Haejin Kim...61 K Kahn.............. —At Home in a Dome.. March 2008. Antony —Strengthening by External Prestressing.51 Hurd.......................53 Mixture Proportioning —On Aggregate Grading—Karthik H..............52 Marquardt................ March 2008....52 Masana......51 Concrete international / mARCH 2009 89 .. ..................................55 Maintenance—Maintaining Productivity—Raymond Reub.......................... and Joseph Sanders.............. June 2008.........................50 Mixing Certification with Higher Education—Luke M............. December 2008.38 Meeting Needs and Growing Potential—Claude Bédard. March 2008..... .................61 J Jeyasehar................ June 2008.............................. February 2008............ Snell............45 Norway—COIN: Concrete Innovation Center—Tor Arne Hammer...............—Curved-Bar Nodes.................... Allyn—Designing a Concrete Competition.................................... Veletzos...............51 Modeling—Constraints on Reinforcing Bar Modeling—CRSI Staff........ March 2008............. December 2008............. December 2008............. January 2008......... October 2008.................K...................36 Maturity Method—Formwork Removal Specification— Cristian Masana. The.................................................................... July 2008............48 —Concrete Houses Alive and Well After More Than 80 Years..... March 2008....42 Kopczynski... Andy—Our Aging Infrastructure......... Marceau and Martha G..... March 2008......... August 2008... March 2008................. August 2008...................................51 Kevern.............................45 —Packing More Value into the Mix—William D. —Calculating Dr ying-Shrinkage Stresses.................................. Isam A.......................—Contractors’ Guide to Mass Concrete................................. November 2008.......... Lee—Adhesive Anchor Installation and Inspection.............................................................................. Marios Panagiotou...52 High-Performance Concrete—Ultra High Performance Concretes—Pierre Rossi....54 Long-Span Structure—Vertical Integration at Vanderbilt University—Otto J.................................................—Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures............54 Luke.....................................................34 —Engineered Wood Used in Formwork..................... May 2008..... Ward R.................45 Klein............................................................................. Matthew J............ M.........................59 N Nasvik............ Joe—Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts......47 Inspection —Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns—Marc J...—Strengthening by External Prestressing.............................57 Mahmoud................................... C................. September 2008........—Assessing Vibrations. September 2008......................... G....... October 2008.............. Tonet.......... Palmer Jr.................................... John C..38 Mass Concrete—Contractors’ Guide to Mass Concrete—Bruce A....55 Malisch........................................... November 2008........................................................... August 2008................ June 2008........................ and Stephen Sahs.......................43 Kim............. Suprenant and Ward R....... January 2008........58 Hukey......K.......... Yael Van Den Einde...........................34 —Landmark Papers in Concrete Materials Research—ACI Publications Committee and ACI Committee 120.... October 2008.........67 New Frontiers for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—Janis Ošlejs........... Gary J..........................—ACI Code Requirements for Repair of Buildings...........37 Marceau.60 Mohankumar................................ Debrethann Orsak......................41 L Landmark Papers in Concrete Materials Research—ACI Publications Committee and ACI Committee 120......................... Schwarz....... .............. July 2008.............. May 2008.............46 Heat Island—Solar Reflectance Values for Concrete— Medgar L.... ........... September 2008............... VanGeem...... ............45 M Maguire.............................................................................. Haejin—On Aggregate Grading........54 Howes.............................................. John T.....—Solar Reflectance Values for Concrete...... Februar y 2008.................................... 40 —Density—Is it Worth Measuring?—Ken W.......... October 2008......... José I........ Palmer Jr. Kahn................. March 2008.......... ... Sherif El-Gamal...71 Precast Concrete—Prestressed Partially Precast System..................................52 Over the Neighbors—Ahmed Osman........................... June 2008......................48 Reinforcing Bar —Our Aging Infrastructure—Andy Marquardt... and Vernon R................................ October 2008............... Kar thik H............ Marios —Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns......... A—Luis Bozzo..........52 Q Quality Control —Decorative Concrete Success Starts Early—Chris Sullivan...... November 2008................................... ......................... Matthew J......43 Our Aging Infrastructure—Andy Marquardt................ and Ehab El-Salakawy.........51 —Cathodic Protection of Historic Bridges—Ray Bottenberg...........45 On Aggregate Grading—Karthik H.......................... January 2008.......... Poston.. Innocenzi.......... November 2008..................................................45 Osman.................. December 2008..... . February 2008........................................................... Mike—Standing on a Success Story.......... March 2008.............. Nam Shiu and Kyle Stanish....... July 2008.........................................50 90 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international ........36 Post-Tensioned Concrete —Assessing Vibrations—Jeffrey S.......... December 2008...................................... Kevern... William D..................... August 2008................................. July 2008. ........... September 2008............ Denis Thébeau.....................54 Poston..................................... February 2008.. A—Luis Bozzo...... February 2008.. April 2008...43 Parra-Montesinos.......—Strut-and-Tie Models for Deep Beam Design. October 2008............ Mohamed Eisa... March 2008..................................... Obla and Haejin Kim..57 Practical Finite Element Analysis —Myoungsu Shin.................. Day............. and Randall W.............................................45 Packing More Value into the Mix—William D..41 Prestressed Partially Precast System..............41 Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions —Brahim Benmokrane... July 2008..................................37 Ramniceanu..................................................... March 2008..... ...... and Stephen Sahs.................. Obla and Haejin Kim....... ...................35 Preconstruction Planning—Decorative Concrete Success Starts Early—Chris Sullivan.................................... .............61 Post-Installed Anchor—Adhesive Anchor Installation and Inspection—Richard E..................... Ahmed—Over the Neighbors.....57 Productivity Tools for the Concrete Testing Laboratory— Richard Gedney.................. February 2008........ January 2008..............43 —Phase One of Wind Project Winds Down—Annelies Demuynck and Nathalie Gunst... September 2008..........................41 Pimentel..37 —Extending the Service Life of Parking Structures—K............... Nam Shiu and Kyle Stanish.......... Poston and Charles W......................... June 2008..... Schaefer........................... —On Aggregate Grading.............. Wollmershauser and Lee Mattis.....52 Reorganizing ACI 318—Randall W...........51 Palmer Jr.......... Dolan.. Muhammad Kalimur —Calculating DryingShrinkage Stresses................................................ .................. February 2008....................................................... and Jacob Grossman................... ........55 Reinfor cement Placing Drawings ar e not Shop Drawings—Dick Birley.........................................51 Panagiotou........ Ja ¯nis—New Frontiers for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. Debrethann—Meeting Needs and Growing Potential.....41 —Vertical Integration at Vanderbilt University—Otto J..... June 2008...................................34 Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns—Marc J......... October 2008.............................. Randall W.. Restrepo........O Obla..................... Kejin Wang. Ulloa......... April 2008...... May 2008.................................. July 2008......................... June 2008....................... Schwarz..... Marios Panagiotou.................... August 2008........................................................... —Assessing Vibrations.................. .........45 Orsak................................... Tonet... Andrei—Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement............ September 2008.....................40 —Formwork Removal Specification—Cristian Masana............51 R Rahman...........43 P Packing Density—On Aggregate Grading—Karthik H... Fernando V.................. January 2008.............. . Veletzos....... Yael Van Den Einde...43 Phase One of Wind Project Winds Down —Annelies Demuynck and Nathalie Gunst........................... Benjamin Pimentel................. January 2008..................................................................... February 2008.............................. August 2008............ Gustavo J... .......47 —Reorganizing ACI 318. Benjamin—Practical Finite Element Analysis...............................71 Poppoff...................35 Product Evaluation—Evaluation Service Helps Innovative Products Enter Market—Marion Maguire.............61 Parking Garage—Extending the Service Life of Parking Structures—K................ October 2008. January 2008........... July 2008......... ..............—Packing More Value into the Mix................. December 2008..................... Palmer Jr...... March 2008............47 —Over the Neighbors—Ahmed Osman...................34 Performance Specification —Concrete Dumping Height Specification—Cristian Masana........40 Preliminar y Design —Formwork Efficiencies—Cary Kopczynski..38 Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures—John T..............57 Repair —ACI Code Requirements for Repair of Buildings— Lawrence F..............47 —Packing More Value into the Mix—William D............ .............................43 —Minimally Invasive Delamination Repairs—Nelson R....................... April 2008........... October 2008.................. October 2008....24 Ošlejs.. West....... .....................41 S t u d e n t C o m p e t i t i o n—Designing a Concrete Competition—Allyn Luke and Tom Ament............... May 2008................48 —Waterproofing Below-Grade Shotcrete Walls—Jason Darling and Xia Cao.................... July 2008.............61 Strut-and-Tie Model—Curved-Bar Nodes—Gary J................ July 2008..........48 Strategic Development Council —Meeting Needs and Growing Potential—Claude Bédard.....................—Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement.41 Shin... —Certifying Decorative Concrete Contractors....................... March 2008.................................59 Sullivan..... January 2008..37 —Standing on a Success Story—Mike Poppoff... July 2008.................................................. ...........—Mixing Certification with Higher Education....43 Stencil—Flattooing Concrete Surfaces—Tamryn Doolan and Edward Benus............50 Special Inspection—Adhesive Anchor Installation and Inspection—Richard E... August 2008..............................43 Schedule—Reinforcement Placing Drawings are not Shop Drawings—Dick Birley.. ....... May 2008....... December 2008........................................................ November 2008.......................... April 2008.... ...... October 2008........ Antony Jeyasehar and G.. and Joseph Sanders....................K......... ......................... May 2008.........48 Restrepo....................................................... Raymond—Maintaining Productivity...............................................51 —Delivering Practical Solutions to the Concrete Industry— Joseph Sanders and Claude Bédard.... January 2008. Otto J.............48 Shoring—Accessories Accelerate Handset System—Martin Howes......................K....... ............. June 2008. January 2008................................................... and Isam A...61 Reub.................................................... Ver non R...................................24 Strengthening by External Prestressing —C..........24 Schaefer....................55 Rheology —Energizing Concrete—Mark A. Baluch................... July 2008............. Rolf—Flexibility and Strength by Design....................... August 2008.....37 Sustainability —Engineered Wood Used in Formwork—M......31 S Sahs.. —Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures.... Michael M........... January 2008....27 —Meeting Needs and Growing Potential.............................................................54 Shear —Strut-and-Tie Models for Deep Beam Design— Gustavo J.....—Strengthening by External Prestressing—C........................................ ...................................34 Slab-On-Ground —Specifying Conformance with ASTM C1315—John C.....41 —Constraints on Reinforcing Bar Modeling—CRSI Staff.................................................................42 Rossi........ Hurd....71 Shiu.......... December 2008................................................. Hurd....... August 2008....... March 2008............................. Muhammad Kalimur Rahman.... December 2008.... Joseph —Delivering Practical Solutions to the Concrete Industry. Kyle —Extending the Service Life of Parking Structures......................... October 2008.... December 2008...................... February 2008.34 —Disaster-Resistant Shell Houses—Cloyd E....... Hukey.... December 2008.............................................53 Software —Automatic Detailing of Reinforcement—Greg Birley......58 Shotcrete —At Home in a Dome—M... Bury and Jeffrey R............ September 2008..43 Shop Drawing—Reinforcement Placing Drawings are not Shop Drawings—Dick Birley.................. Wollmershauser and Lee Mattis.....................................................................61 Research —COIN: Concrete Innovation Center—Tor Arne Hammer................................................... July 2008.................................. April 2008.....34 —Understanding and Specifying F-min—David Fudala.........................................................60 Solar Reflectance Values for Concrete—Medgar L...................... September 2008.......39 Residential Concrete—At Home in a Dome—M..............................52 Suprenant...................... January 2008.................................. Hurd...... March 2008..... Warnes..............51 —Standing on a Success Story—Mike Poppoff....... December 2008............................................................................ VanGeem.... November 2008........................... ..........K.....50 Shrinkage —Calculating Drying-Shrinkage Stresses—Mohammed H................................................ August 2008.52 Slab-On-Piles—New Frontiers for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—Ja ¯nis Ošlejs. Pier re —Ultra High-Performance Concretes............................ Chris—Decorative Concrete Success Starts Early... March 2008....... Stephen—Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns................... Luke M... June 2008............51 Sprinkel..............................................27 Residential —Concrete Houses Alive and Well After More Than 80 Years—M........................... December 2008.....55 Standing on a Success Story —Mike Poppoff....... Klein........ November 2008.................... August 2008................ ................................................. José I........................ December 2008................... Debrethann Orsak....................................34 Stanish..................... November 2008..................................................... K................................. Nam —Extending the Service Life of Parking Structures............................... August 2008..... Bruce A...............61 Sanders... Parra-Montesinos..........K....... ...................................45 Snell......................52 Spahr....................48 Schwarz. Myoungsu —Practical Finite Element Analysis.....36 Specifying Conformance with ASTM C1315 —John C................... August 2008............................................................... October 2008...... Todd A. July 2008............ Mohankumar.......45 Concrete international / mARCH 2009 91 . Mohankumar.. Hurd............. September 2008..... June 2008.—Contractors’ Guide to Mass Concrete.........................40 Superflat Floor—Understanding and Specifying F-min— David Fudala.........................—Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns.......................... Bury.... Hukey.............................. Marceau and Martha G...........42 Strut-and-Tie Models for Deep Beam Design—Gustavo J... Mahmoud.... Parra-Montesinos.43 Scharich.... Antony Jeyasehar and G. —Vertical Integration at Vanderbilt University.... October 2008...... ......................59 — P ro d u c t i v i t y To o l s f o r t h e C o n c re t e Te s t i n g Laboratory—Richard Gedney.............—Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures—John T.................................. Jeffrey S.............—Assessing Vibrations....... June 2008............. Kejin—Pervious Concrete in Severe Exposures.................. Marceau and Martha G........ Richard E.31 Understanding and Specifying F-min—David Fudala............... August 2008............... November 2008................. May 2008................................ June 2008. —Assessing Vibrations.... Bentz and Pierre-Claude Aïtcin....54 Vibration—Assessing Vibrations—Jeffrey S....................... Kejin Wang................................................ Bentz and Pierre-Claude Aïtcin. Restrepo...................50 Transportation—Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns—Marc J..... .......50 West............. José I..... July 2008................................52 Thébeau... July 2008.................... West.......... and Randall W..................... Marios Panagiotou.....—Disaster-Resistant Shell Houses................ Nelson R.............................................................................47 Weyers.36 U Ulloa.................61 Vertical Integration at Vanderbilt University—Otto J............. Fernando V..................... November 2008...52 Veletzos......67 Tonet.... .............34 The Hidden Meaning of Water-Cement Ratio—Dale P............... Kevern........... Fernando V.................... October 2008....... Mar tha G.......................................—Assessment of Epoxy Coating on Bridge Deck Reinforcement................................ and Vernon R.................. August 2008................ March 2008.......... June 2008..... May 2008... The—Dale P...............43 Warnes.............52 X Y Z 92 MARCH 2009 / Concrete international ............—Minimally Invasive Delamination Repairs....... ....................... —Solar Reflectance Values for Concrete............... Veletzos......................... Schaefer..................................................................................................... December 2008...—Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns..............................35 W Wall—Flexibility and Strength by Design—Rolf Spahr........... Marc J. February 2008........................ October 2008........—Adhesive Anchor Installation and Inspection.......51 The Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts—Joe Nasvik.......... Richard E..... VanGeem.............................................. A—Luis Bozzo..........47 Ultra High-Per for mance Concretes —Pierre Rossi. Yael Van Den Einde.......... and Stephen Sahs................... May 2008... August 2008.........43 —Solar Reflectance Values for Concrete—Medgar L. February 2008.................. March 2008...61 Two-Way Slab—Prestressed Partially Precast System..... October 2008.............................................................................. March 2008.......... Poston. Denis —Pavement System Suiting Local Conditions.....50 Wang............. Cloyd E....47 T Testing —Designing a Concrete Competition—Allyn Luke and Tom Ament.... July 2008........... Innocenzi...........61 VanGeem...........55 Wollmershauser. October 2008..............39 Water-Cement Ratio—Hidden Meaning of Water-Cement Ratio.....52 V Van Den Einde................................... Ulloa. Schwarz........................... October 2008. Matthew J................51 Waterproofing Below-Grade Shotcrete Walls —Jason Darling and Xia Cao............ July 2008.. Yael—Post-Earthquake Assessment of Bridge Columns......................................... CIRCLE READER CARD #12 . CIRCLE READER CARD #1 .