Computer Display StandardsComputer display standards are a combination of aspect ratio, display size, display resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. They are associated with specific expansion cards, video connectors and monitors. History Various computer display standards or display modes have been used in the history of the personal computer. They are often a combination of aspect ratio(specified as width-to-height ratio), display resolution (specified as the width and height in pixels), color depth (measured in bits per pixel), and refresh rate(expressed in hertz). Associated with the screen resolution and refresh rate is a display adapter. Earlier display adapters were simple frame-buffers, but later display standards also specified a more extensive set of display functions and software controlled interface. Beyond display modes, the VESA industry organization has defined several standards related to power management and device identification, while ergonomics standards are set by the TCO. Standards A number of common resolutions have been used with computers descended from the original IBM PC. Some of these are now supported by other families of personal computers. These are de facto standards, usually originated by one manufacturer and reverse-engineered by others, though the VESA group has co-ordinated the efforts of several leading video display adapter manufacturers. Video standards associated with IBM-PC-descended personal computers are shown in the diagram and table below, alongside those of early Macintosh and other makes for comparison. (From the early 1990s onwards, most manufacturers moved over to PC display standards thanks to widely available and affordable hardware). and a common alternative resolution to QCIF forwebcams and other online video streams in low bandwidth situations.9" diagonal size.7" to 1. 160x128 (20k) 5:4 UNNAMED A shared size for older portable video game systems. 160x120 (19k) 4:3 UNNAMED A common size for LCDs manufactured for small consumer electronics and mobile phones. Also appears as a YouTube resolution option.Table of computer display standards Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Quarter Quarter Video Graphics Array Used for some portable devices. 160x144 (23k) 10:9 Video standard Full name QQVGA UNNAMED UNNAMED Color depth(2^ bppcolors) 2 bpp ~ 6 bpp effective . and the video modes of early digital cameras. to a maximum of 56 colours (equivalent of 6 bpp) from a wider palette with the Game Boy Colour. through 16~32 colours (4~5 bpp) with the Atari Lynx and Game Gear. The unusual 5:4 aspect ratio makes the display slightly different from the QQVGA dimensions. This LCD is often used in the portrait (128x160) orientation. Colour depth ranged from 4 colours (2 bpp) with the original Game Boy. The nearlysquare (but landscape) aspect and coarse pixel resolution gave these games a characteristic visual style. typically in a 1. . However. normally used when describing screens on portable devices (pocket media players. Some more powerful machines were able to display higher horizontal resolutions . 16:9 Video standard Full name HQVGA QVGA WQVGA TV Computer Noninterlaced TV-asmonitor Various Apple. including portable DVD players and the first-generation Sony PSP. 240x160 (38k) 3:2 Quarter Video Graphics Array Half the resolution in each dimension as standard VGA. but with the height aligned to an 8-pixel "macroblock" boundary. Acorn. A retronym for CGA "medium" and EGA/MCGA/VGA "low" pixel resolution. in that guise. and perhaps most commonly the Nintendo Game Boy Advance (with. and almost always incorporates an LCD panel with no visible linescanning. 32k colours (15 bpp) onscreen). 640x256 NI (high-end) 4:3 (nonsquare pixels) Color depth(2^ bppcolors) 1~4 bpp typical. They used televisions for display output and had a typical usable screen resolution from 102~320 pixels wide and usually 192~256 lines high. Commodore. cheaper portable devices. Common in small-screen video applications. PDAs etc. 2 or 3 bpp common.Table of computer display standards Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Half Quarter Video Graphics Array Used with some smaller. as it is dependent (75k) both on the manufacturing quality of the screen and the capabilities of the attached display driver hardware. 4:3 Wide Quarter Video Graphics Array Effectively one-sixteenth the total resolution (one-quarter in each dimension) of "Full HD". The limited resolution led to displays with a characteristic wide overscan border around the active area. it would typically be in the 8-to-12 bpp (256 to 4096 colour) through 18 bpp (262. No set colour depth or refresh rate is associated with this standard or 320x240 those that follow. instead of splitting it across each frame). cellular phones.).either in text- 480x272 (131k) 140x192 NI (low-end). Si nclair. Atari.144 colour) range. Tandy and other home and small-office computers introduced from 1977 through to the mid-1980s. including lowerend cellphones and PDAs. in noninterlaced (NI) mode for a more stable image (displaying a full image on each 1/50th / 1/60th-second field. 320x200 NI (typical). ) Monochrom e. Fullbroadcast resolution video monitor or television 4:3 (nonsquare pixels) Up to 6 bpp for Amiga (8 bpp with later models). 4~5 bpp for games and "fake" 12/18 bpp for static images (HAM mode). Falcon). Falcon).g. and typically by halving the width of each pixel rather than physically expanding the display area . "flicker free" 70 Hz refresh rate. Hi-res monochrome mode using a custom non-interlaced monitor. or in low-colour bitmap graphics. typically 2~4 bpp for most hi-res applications (saving memory and processing time).) Colour. Up to 15 bpp for Archimedes and Falcon (12 bpp for TT). composite video or RGB-component monitors. eventually fixable by use of scan doubler devices and VGA monitors. Colour modes using NTSC or PAL-compliant televisions and monochrome. and 320x200/25 6 NI for games. These same standards albeit with progressively greater colour depth. with the slightly lower vertical resolution (imposed by limited video memory) allowing a higher. plus 8 bpp colour on VGA monitors. composite video or RGB-component monitors. 8~15 bpp on later models (TT. Broadcaststandard Atari ST line.Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) 640x200. Atari ST (etc. ST Colour ST Mono Video monitor I/NI Atari ST (etc. possibly derived from monochrome VGA. Typically 640x400i/51 2i or 640x200/25 6 NI. mode alone. The interlaced (I) mode produced visible flickering of finer details. but . 640x400 Commodore Amiga line and others e. and upstream graphical processing ability . Acorn Archimedes. later Atari models (TT. 320x200 4:3 (or 16:10 with square pixels) 2~4 bpp for ST. Later machines in the series could also use colour VGA monitors. 4~6 bpp greyscale on later models (TT.would see extended use and popularity in TV-connected home games consoles right through to the end of the 20th century. proprietary standard Atari ST line.but were still confined in the vertical dimension by the relatively slow horizontal scanning rate of domestic TV.Falcon). 4:3 (or 16:10 with square pixels) 1 bpp for ST. 720x480i/57 6i maximum. They used NTSC or PAL-compliant televisions and monochrome. 67 in moder n terms). Used to display one of the first mass-market full-time GUIs. at two levels depending on monitor size . and later 16/24 bpp . launched in 1984. 4:3 4 bpp.with 8-bit colour/256 grey shades at the lower resolution. all out of a full 24-bit master palette. Display ed with square pixels on a moder 1 bpp ately widescreen monito r (equiv alent to 16:10. 256:17 1 exact. (Early models used a 384x256 screen. The result was equivalent to VGA or even PGC .2%). and either 4 or 8 bit colour (16/256 grey) in high resolution depending on installed memory (256 or 512 kB). 9" CRT integrated to the body of the computer.512x384 pixel (onequarter of the later XGA standard) on a 12" (4:3) colour or greyscale ("monochrome") monitor. 832x624 (519k) Very nearly 3:2 (to within 0. 8 bpp.Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) typically 4 bpp in use. came with colour (and greyscale) capability as standard. larger monitors (15" and 16") allowed use of an SVGA-a-like.at a point simultaneous with the IBM launch of VGA. 640x480 (307k). launched in 1987. Later. both standards are cut-down from the 720x364 of the preceding Lisa model) The second generation Macintosh. with a monochrome. fixed screen mode used in the first generation (128k and 512k) Apple Mac computers. 640x480 with a larger (13" or 14") high resolution monitor (superficially similar to VGA but at a higher 67 Hz refresh rate) . 512x342 (175k) 512x384 (197k). Mac Mono 9" Mac Colou r Original Apple Macintosh display Apple Mac II and later models The single.but with a wide palette . and one of the earliest non-interlaced default displays with more than 256 lines of vertical resolution. PowerBoo kinternal panel MDA PowerBook. 16:10 / 8:5 (squar e pixels) 8 bpp The original standard on IBM PCs and IBM PC XTs with 4 kB video RAM. but much like PC standards beyond XGA.[1] 72:35 (effecti vely 4:3 (nonsquare pixels) on CRTs but could be a variety of aspect s on LCDs) 1 bpp Description Display resolutio n(pixels) binary-half-megapixel 832x624 resolution (at 75 Hz) that was eventually used as the default setting for the original.) also allowed at first 16bit High Colour (65536 or "Thousands of" colours) and then 24bit True Colour (16.7m or "Millions of" colours). early generation s Monochrom e Display Adapter 720x350 (text) . 640x400 This was joined in 1993 with the (256k) "165c" model. etc. when connected to a suitably capable computer. replaced the original Mac Portable (basically an original Mac with an LCD. Supports text mode only. but apart from the 1152x870 "XGA+" mode discussed further below. Even larger 17" and 19" monitors could attain higher resolutions still. late 90s iMac. using what were essentially rebadged PC monitors with a different cable connection. the increase in colour depth past 8 bpp was not strictly tied to changing resolution standards. Mac models after the II (Power Mac. Introduced in 1981 by IBM.Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) The first PowerBook. Mac resolutions beyond 832x624 tended to fall into line with PC standards. Quadra.7 million). in 1991. which kept the same resolution but added colour capability similar to that of the Mac II (256 colours from a palette of 16. keyboard and trackball in a lunchbox-style shell) and introduced a new 640x400 greyscale screen. or bpp). intended for CAD applications.[1] Other commonly used modes were the existing CGA 320x200 and 640x200 resolutions in 4 bpp.[1] 640x480 (307k) 4:3 8 bpp 16:10 (effecti vely 4:3) 4:3 8 bpp 1 bpp Video standard CGA Full name Color Graphics Adapter Enhanced Graphics Adapter Profession al Graphics Controller MCGA Multicolor Graphics Adapter Description Introduced by IBM on ISAbased PS/2 models in 1987. plus full EGA resolution (and CGA hi-res) in monochrome if installed memory was insufficient for full colour above 320x200. selectable from a 64color palette (2 bits per each of redgreen-blue). 640x350 (224k). Introduced in 1982. and displaying high-resolution.144 color palette) mode.Table of computer display standards Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) Introduced in 1981 by IBM. as the first color display standard for the IBM PC. 16:5 and 16:10/ 8:5 (all effecti vely 4:3) 4 bpp With on-board 2D and 3D acceleration introduced in 1984 for the 8-bit PC-bus. various aspect s on LCDs) 1 bpp 2 bpp 4 bpp Hercules A monochrome display capable of sharp text and graphics for its time. MCGA had a 320x200 256 color (from a 262. Introduced in 1982. full-colour graphics with a 60 Hz frame rate. The standard CGA graphics cards were equipped with 16 kB video RAM. 720x348 (251k) 60:29 (effecti vely 4:3) 1 bpp Orchid Graphics Adapter A monochrome display that expanded Monochrome Display Adapter's capabilities with graphics. 640x200 (128k). allowing an EGA card to be used in full colour with an unmodified CGA monitor by setting the correct dip switch options. a triple-board display adapter with built-in processor.[1] 640x200 (128k) 320x200 (64k) 160x200 (32k) 16:5 16:10/ 8:5 4:5 (effecti vely 4:3 on CRTs. A resolution of 640x350 pixels of 16 different colors (4 bits per pixel. with a fixed palette corresponding to the 16 colours available in CGA text mode. which was one of the PC's first killer apps. 320x200 (64k) 640x480 (307k) . Very popular with the Lotus 1-23 spreadsheet. with reduced cost compared to VGA. 320x200 (64k) 64:35. 720x350 60:29 (effecti vely 4:3) 1 bpp EGA Introduced in 1984 by IBM. ). was capable of displaying most standard modes featured by IBM-compatible PCs CGA. most commonly 320x240 (with 8 bpp and square pixels). 8514/A cards displayed interlaced video at 43. 60 Hz non-interlaced. arguably more so than SVGA. like the majority of the following standards. and at 640x480. compared to the 256k memory of VGA.. early Plasma and LCD "HD Ready" televisions (albeit at a stretched 16:9 aspect showing down-scaled material).Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) and a 640x480 mode only in monochrome due to 64k video memory. Other display modes are also defined as VGA. professional video projectors. LCD panels (the standard resolution for 14.5 Hz in 1024x768 resolution. noninterlaced. such as 320x200 at 256 colors (8 bits per pixel) and a text mode with 720x400 pixels. with successive IBM and clone videocards and CRT monitors (a multisync monitor's grade being broadly determinable by whether it could display 1024x768 at all. and latterly tablet computers.[1] The high resolution mode introduced by 8514/A became a de facto general standard in a succession of computing and digital-media fields for more than two decades. and a whole generation of 11~15-inch laptops). an undocumented mode to allow increased non-standard resolutions. 640x480 (307k) 4:3 8 bpp .[1] VGA 8514 Video Graphics Array Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) (squar e pixels) Introduced on MCA-based PS/2 models in 1987. or "flicker-free". 288k equivalent) 4:3 9:5 (effecti vely 4:3) 4 bpp 4 bpp Precursor to XGA and released shortly after VGA in 1987. both with up to 256 colours.. but is most commonly used today to refer to 640x480 pixel displays with 16 colors (4 bits per pixel) and a 4:3 aspect ratio.[1] VGA.and 15-inch 4:3 desktop monitors. VGA displays and adapters are generally capable of Mode Xgraphics. 1024x768 (786k). 640x480 (307k) (hires graphics and LCD text) 720x400 (CRT text. VGA is actually a set of different resolutions. MDA and MCGA .but typically not Hercules or PGA/PGC. or show it interlaced. EGA. a catch-all term describing any video card or mode over and above "standard" 640x480. 16 bpp) at 640x480. and a fully programmable display engine capable of almost any resolution within its physical limits. until high-resolution. XGA added built on 8514/A's existing 1024x768 mode and added support for "high color" (65. 1056x400 (text. The second revision ("XGA-2") was a more thorough upgrade.Table of computer display standards Video standard SVGA XGA Full name Super Video Graphics Array Extended Graphics Array Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) A video display standard created by VESA for IBM PC compatible personal computers. For example. non-interlaced. 422k equivalent) .became. 4 bpp VGA .536 colour. and even as high as 1600x1200 (at a reduced 50 Hz scan rate) with a high quality multisync monitor (or an otherwise nonstandard 960x720 at 60 Hz on a lower-end one capable of high refresh at 800x600. [1] However. 1280x1024 (5:4) or 1360x1024 (4:3) in 16 colors at 60 Hz. Displayed the regular VGA modes. improved performance. true-colour displays became commonplace enough to no longer be deemed worthy of a special group designation. 1024x768 (786k) 640x480 (307k).and true-colour modes. and so only the basic options (1024x768×8 I.including base resolution VGA in 8 bpp colour (a common choice for "SVGA" mode in PC games).and later "VESA" . "SVGA" . 800x600 in 256 or 64k colour. 384 kB instead of the minimum 256 kB to meet the VESA standard). 66:25 (effecti vely 4:3) 8 bpp 16 bpp An IBM display standard introduced in 1990. e. 1056x400 [14h] Text Mode (132x50 characters). but only interlaced mode at 1024x768). As it was one of the feature modes on third-party video cards offering a wide array of "extended" video modes (making best use of whatever memory they had available. plus 800x600 in 16 colours at a slightly lower 56 Hz refresh rate. for a while. the extended modes required custom drivers. up to at least 1024x768). 800x600 (480k) 4:3 4 bpp 4:3 4:3. offering higher refresh rates (75 Hz and up. Introduced in 1989. and a wide variety of high.g. this term is now used to refer to 1152x864. It was often a recommended resolution for 17" and 19" CRTs also. thus allowing the greatest "normal" resolution at common colour depths with a standard amount of video memory (128 kB. high-res text) were commonly used outside Windows and other hardware-abstracting graphical environments.with. although as they were usually produced in a 4:3 aspect it either gave non-square pixels or required adjustment to show small vertical borders at each side of the image.[who?] noting that 5:4 24 bpp SXGA 1280x1024 (1310k) .Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) 1152x864 (995k) 1152x870 (1002k). or 4-bit in 640 kB.05% accura cy (683:3 84 exact) WXGA Widescreen Extended Graphics Array A wide version of the XGA format.33:1). This is generally the native resolution . with an unusual aspect ratio of 5:4 (1. therefore.). introduced with XGA-2 and other early "multiscan" graphics cards and monitors. XGA+ Extended Graphics Array Plus Although not an official name. HD High Definition (720p) This display aspect ratio is among the most common in recent notebook computers and desktop monitors.. 512 kB. This display aspect ratio was common in widescreen notebook computers until ca. 1048 decimal kilopixels). Allows 24-bit colour in 4 MB of graphics memory. which is the largest 4:3 array yielding less than a binary megapixel (2^20. square pixels . 1 MB.25:1) instead of the more common 4:3 (1. meaning even 4:3 pictures and video will appear letterboxed on the narrower 5:4 screens. 2 MB.. 1360x768 (1044k) 1366x768 (1049k) 16:9 to within 0. 1280x800 (1024k) 16:10 24 bpp Super Extended Graphics Array A widely used de facto standard. Variants of this were used by Apple Computer (at 1152x870) and Sun Microsystems (at 1152x900) for 21-inch (530 mm) CRT displays. 1152x900 (1037k) 4:3 8 bpp 16 bpp 24 bpp 640x480×16 NI. 2010. 1048576 pixels. Some manufacturers.of standard 17" and 19" LCD monitors. until the eventual market-wide phasing-out of 4:3 aspect displays. This display aspect ratio was popular on high-end 15" and 17" widescreen notebook computers. 2010. in order to show non-widescreen material slightly taller than widescreen (and therefore also slightly wider than it might otherwise be). termed this the Extended Video Graphics Array or XVGA. 1680x1050 (1764k) 16:10 24 bpp Full High Definition (1080p) This display aspect ratio is the native resolution for many 24" widescreen LCD monitors. the native resolution for many 22" widescreen LCD monitors. It is also a popular resolution for home cinema projectors. widescreen notebook computers until ca. 16:9 24 bpp Widescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array A wide version of the UXGA format. and was a recommended mode for some high end 21" CRTs. 1440x900 (1296k) 16:10 24 bpp HD+ High Definition Plus (900p) This display aspect ratio is becoming popular in recent notebook computers and desktop monitors. until ca. This is the native resolution for many 20" LCD monitors.E. 1600x900 (1440k) 16:9 24 bpp UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array A de facto high-resolution standard. 1400x1050 (1470k) 4:3 24 bpp WXGA+ (WSXGA) Widescreen Extended Graphics Array PLUS An enhanced version of the WXGA format. 2010. This display aspect ratio was common in widescreen notebook computers and many 19" widescreen LCD monitors until ca. no less than 24 bpp and 60 Hz noninterlaced) 16:10 24 bpp Full HD WUXGA 1920x1200 (2304k) . besides 1080p. also used in larger. wideaspect tablet computers in the near future (as of 2012). as well as on many 23–27" widescreen LCD monitors. 2010.Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) the de facto industry standard was VGA (Video Graphics Array). and is the highest resolution supported by single-link DVI at standard colour depth and scan rate (I. 1600x1200 (1920k) 4:3 24 bpp WSXGA+ Widescreen Super Extended Graphics Array Plus A wide version of the SXGA+ format. SXGA+ Super Extended Graphics Array PLUS Used on 14-inch (360 mm) and 15inch (380 mm) notebook LCD screens and a few smaller screens. and is expected to 1920x1080 also become a standard resolution (2073k) for smaller to medium-size. Also.3"). 1920x1280 (2458k) 3:2 24 bpp 2K DLP Cinema Technology Digital Film Projection standard. Used on theMacBook Pro with Retina display (13. the 2342BWX. at least 24 bpp and 60 Hz). 2048x1152 (2359k) 16:9 QXGA Quad Extended Graphics Array This is the highest resolution that generally can be displayed on analog computer monitors (most CRTs). Requires 12 MB of memory/bandwidth for a single frame. 2048x1536 (3146k) 4:3 24 bpp QHD Quad High Definition Used on the Microsoft Surface Pro 3. signal boosters) are rated for (at 60 Hz refresh). the highest resolution supported by dual-link DVI at a standard colour depth and non-interlaced refresh rate (I.Table of computer display standards Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) Full High Definition Plus Used on the Microsoft Surface 3.E. Array 2560x2048 (5243k) 5:4 24 bpp 16:10 24 bpp 25:16 24 bpp Video standard Full name Full HD Plus QWXGA+ WQSXGA [2] Quad Wide Extended Graphics Array Plus Used on the MacBook Pro with Retina display (15. 2160x1440 (3110k) 3:2 24 bpp WQHD Wide Quad High Definition The native resolution for many higher end 27" widescreen IPS panels. switch boxes. and the highest resolution that most analogue video cards and other display transmission hardware (cables. standard-aspect tablet computers. the native resolution for many 30" widescreen LCD monitors. 24-bit colour requires 9 MB of video memory (and transmission bandwidth) for a single frame. 2560x1600 (4096k) 16:10 24 bpp QSXGA Quad Super Extended Double the resolution of SXGA in Graphics each dimension.4"). Wide Quad Super Extended 3200x2048 (6554k) . Also the native resolution of medium to large latest-generation (2012). 2560x1440 (3686k) 16:9 24 bpp WQXGA Widescreen Quad Extended Graphics Array A version of the XGA format.8962 :1 48 bpp (at 24 frame/s) QWXGA Quad Wide Extended Graphics Array Samsung has a QWXGA resolution 23-inch (580 mm) LCD monitor. Double the 2880x1800 resolution of the previous 1440x900 (5184k) standard in each dimension. 2048x1080 (2212k) 1. category 2 (high-speed) HDMI. Having exactly double the dimensions of WQHD's 2560x1440 (3686k).Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) 3200x2400 (7680k) 4:3 24 bpp 3840x2160 (8294k) 16:9 24 bpp Graphics Array QUXGA Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array QFHD Quad Full HighDefinition Four times the resolution of 1080p. WQUXGA Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array The IBM T220/T221 LCD monitors supported this resolution. The current standard (2012) in digital cinema. 3840x2400 (9216k) 16:10 24 bpp 4K DLP Cinema Technology Digital Film Projection. or 30 Hz in stereoscopic 3D. . 4096x2160 (8847k) 1. available in some 56" and 24" displays.2 connection could support this resolution at a full 60 Hz.8962 :1 48 bpp (at 24 frame/s) HXGA Hex[adecat uple] Extended Graphics Array 4096x3072 (12583k) 4:3 24 bpp UNNAMED UNNAMED 5120x2160 (11059k) 21:9 24 bpp WSHD Wide Sedec imHigh Definition (2880p) 5120x2880 (14745k) 16:9 24 bpp WHXGA Wide Hex[adecat uple] Extended Graphics Array 5120x3200 (16384k) 16:10 24 bpp HSXGA Hex[adecat uple] Super Extended Graphics Array 5120x4096 (20972k) 5:4 24 bpp WHSXGA Wide 6400x4096 25:16 24 bpp Often referred to as "5K". Displayport or single Thunderbolt link. but they are no longer available. Requires a dual-link DVI. a twin link Thunderbolt connection or a single DisplayPort 1. hence used on Apple's late-2014 27" "Retina 5K Display"qualityiMac screen. and a reduced scan rate (up to 30 Hz). Table of computer display standards Video standard Full name Description Display resolutio n(pixels) Asp ect rati o Color depth(2^ bppcolors) Hex[adecat uple] Super Extended Graphics Array (26214k) HUXGA Hex[adecat uple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array 6400x4800 (30720k) 4:3 24 bpp 8K UHD 8K Ultrahighdefinition (Super HiVision) 7680x4320 (33177k) 16:9 30 bpp ~ 36 bpp WHUXGA Wide Hex[adecat uple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array 7680x4800 (36864k) 16:10 24 bpp UNNAMED UNNAMED 11200x4800 (53760k) 21:9 24 bpp A digital format in testing by NHK in Japan (with a partnership extending to the BBCfor test coverage of the 2012 London Olympic Games). several others do: Quarter (Q or q) A quarter of the base resolution. half the width and height of VGA. E. QVGA. intended to provide effectively "pixel-less" imagery even on extralarge LCD or projection screens. not 1/4 times as many) in higher resolutions. a term for a 320x240 resolution. Display resolution prefixes Although the common standard prefixes super and ultra do not indicate specific modifiers to base standard resolutions. hence the quarter total resolution. and sometimes "q" is used instead of .g. The "Q" prefix usually indicates "Quad" (4 times as many. more established base. for example SVGA (800x600 vs 640x480). Quad(ruple) (Q) Four times as many pixels compared to the base resolution. Given the use of "X" in "XGA". it is sometimes used to denote a resolution that would have roughly the same total pixel count as this. as in WQXGA or WHUXGA. and sometimes not even as much of a change as making a "wide" version. SXGA+ (1400x1050 vs 1280x1024) and UXGA (1600x1200 vs 1024x768 . the conceptual "next step down" at the time of UXGA's inception. four times the horizontal and vertical resolutions respectively. there is no such thing as XVGA except as an alternative designation for SXGA) unless its meaning would be unambiguous.typically less than doubling.typically for a 16:10 resolution which is narrower but taller than the 16:9 option. compare 1366x768 and 1280x800. However. i. usually somewhat less severe a jump than quartering or Quadrupling . Plus (+) and/or Ultra (U) Vaguer terms denoting successive incremental steps up the resolution ladder from some comparative. for square or near-square pixels on a widescreen display.g.e. twice the horizontal and vertical resolution respectively. it is not often used as an additional modifier (e. with levels of stacking not hindered by the same consideration towards readability as the decline of the added "X" . usually with an aspect ratio of either 16:9 (adding an extra 1/3rd width vs a standard 4:3 display) or 16:10 (adding an extra 1/5th). Super (S). i. eXtended (X). and therefore larger in both dimensions than the base standard (e. vs the 1280x1024 of SXGA.[3] Wide (W) The base resolution increased by increasing the width and keeping the height constant. These prefixes are also often combined. or the 1400x1050 of SXGA+). .g. but in a different aspect and sharing neither the horizontal OR vertical resolution . SXGA (1280x1024 vs 1024x768). Hex(adecatuple) (H) Sixteen times as many pixels compared to the base resolution.especially as there is not even a defined hierarchy or value for S/X/U/+ modifiers. vs the base 1024x768 "XGA")."Q" to specify quarter (by analogy with SI prefixes m/M)but this usage is not consistent.e.or more fittingly. both commonly labelled as "WXGA".