COmmonwealth

TRANSITION TOINDEPENDENCE: COMMONWEALTH Chapter 19 & RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 19: TRANSITION TO INDEPENDENCE: THE COMMONWEALTH On May 1. Laurel) . Recto – President  Ruperto Montinola – First Vice President  Teodoro Sandiko – Second Vice President  Narciso Pimental – Secretary Forty Committees were organized to study and report on the provision of the constitution. July 30 – meeting in inaugural convention and the following were elected as officials of the constitutional convention:  Claro M.In this solemn moment. 2934 – 202 delegates elected to a constitutional convention tasked with thedrafting of a Philippine Constitution. Quezon had a sobering admonition to his people. THE FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION July 10. He said: “We have taken one more step forward in our onward March to the realization of our National ideal…. Manuel L. when the Philippine Legislature unanimously accepted the Tydings – McDuffie Act. Let it be a moment of consecration. let there be no exultation of victory. 1934. Seven Wise Men        Filemon Sotto – Chairman Noberto Romualdez Manuel Roxas Vicente Singson Encarnacion Manueal C. A subcommittee of seven – The “seven wise men” – Prepared a Draft of the constitution. Biones Miguel Cuaderno Conrado Benitez – (Who replaced Jose P. 1930 – Communist Party of the Philippines was formally established. . 211 – established a minimum wage for laborers employed in the public works projects.000 by the end of the ten – year period through a continuous program of training 21 year old able bodied men for period of 5 ½ months. 1932 – it had been declared an illegal organizations.” *Two important fronts. In September. including the Philippine Constabulary (PC)  A reserve force to number 400.Quezon as President and Sergio Osmeña as Vice President. A reunited Nacionalista Party (composed of the Quezon and Osmeña – Roxas factions) won overwhelmingly over its rivals – General Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay. Constitution of 1935 – mandated that “the promotion of social justice to insure the well – being and economic security of all the people should be the concern of the state. Benigno Ramos – Become the persecuted spokesman for the oppressed masses. THE SAKDAL UPRISING On the night of May 2 – 3. – He conferred the title of Field Marshal of the Philippine Army The defense plan envisioned organization of a citizen’s army to consist of two components:  A regular force of about 10. 1935 – 65.The constitutional convention approved the constitution on February 8.000 men. 1935 and President Roosevelt did the same on March 23. – sakladista’s fiery leader November 7. NATIONAL SECURITY & NATIONAL DEFENSE General Douglas MacArthur – retired Chief of staff of the US Army.000 partially armed peasants shattered the tranquility of the countryside surroundings Manila. A plebiscite held on May 14. reforms were instituted:  Labor  Tenancy Commonwealth Act No. 1935 notified the constitution. November 15. 1935 – The commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated with Manuel L. Under the Tydings Mcduffie Act of 1934 – This arrangement was to continue for 5 years then each the last 5% of the appropriate tarrifs would be levied year against Philippine products so that in year of the commonwealth. 570 – National Assembly declared that the tagalog – based national language would become one of the official languages of the country effective upon independence on July 4. 184 establishing the Institute of National Language tasked to study the different Philippine languages for the purpose of involving and adopting a national language. 1946. April 1940 – Quezon authorized the printing of dictionary and grammar prepared by the institute. 1936 – National Council of Education was created . November 9. 1940 – The National Language was ordered taught in all schools in the Philippines. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Economic development – other major concern of the commonwealth Government. December 30. August 1940 – the Philippine Economic Adjustment Act (also called the Tydings – Koscialkowski Act) was passed. . 1937 – the institute of National Language recommended the adoption of tagalog as the basis of the National Language. Commonwealth Act. June 19. THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE November 13.National Relief Administration – was created on January 1938 – to coordinate under its sole management the different relief activities of the government with those being undertaken by private relief institutions. Agriculture – was the most important sector of the Philippine economy. No. No. 1937 – Quezon proclaimed the language based of Tagalog as the country’s National Language.Chaired by Rafael Palma Vice – President Osmeña – headed the Department of Education. 1937 – The National Assembly enacted Commonwealth Act. May 1939 – Anti dummy law was passed. PARTYLESS DEMOCRACY The Philippine Commonwealth – was a Quezon Government. . NEPA – National Economic Protection Association KENA – Key to Economic Nationalism March 1936 – Nationalism Economic Council was created to direct the economic activities of the commonwealth.Law – Punished Filipinos who allowed themselves to be used as “dummies” or fronts by alien businessmen and inventors.PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE RE-EXAMINED 1937 – Quezon stated that he wanted the date of Philippine independence advances to late 1938 or early 1939. Quezon – was clearly the most dynamic personality of the prewar era and exemplified the “modern lawyer – Politician” so characteristic of the political leadership of contemporary Philippines. Anti-Dummy. S. American Soldiers – The first public schools teachers. . Pensionados – Filipino students who showed aptitudes in some branches of learning were sent to the United States.CHAPTER 20: RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION United States introduced in the Philippines a regime of democratic partnership under the Filipinos played the role of junior partner. Adult Education – was experimented by American missionaries in the non – Christians area from the early years of the American occupation. The continuance of colonial mentality A distorted sense of values PROGRESS IN EDUCATION System of Public Education – The greatest contribution of the United States to Philippine Civilization. Thomas. The partial loss of racial heritage. – American teachers who came to the Philippines on board the S. The negative results:     The general economic dependence on the United States. Thomasites – Who replaced American soldiers as teachers. American Educational System – Emphasized the democratic traditions and the practical application of laws and principles. considered it seditions of any Filipino to advocate independence. Alcohol distilleries Sugar centrals Mining – one of the most important industries. In Industry. & INDUSTRY American exports to the Philippines – were unlimited and duty – free. TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION Telephone Lines – were introduced in Manila in 1905 and Radio – Telephone service in 1933 INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS McKinly’s “Benevolent assimilation” Proclamation and his “Instruction” to the second or Taft Commission laid the bases of American policy in the Philippines. Dispensaries Leprosaria Hospitals were established to take care of sick and infected people. - Filipinos enjoyed the era of freedom: Freedom of religious worship Freedom of the press Freedom of assemble peaceably for the redress of grievances Freedom to change domicile Freedom of speech. Flag Law of 1907 – prohibited the display of the Filipino Flag. The sedition Law of 1901 – passed by the Philippine Commission.PUBLIC HEALTH & WELFARE Board of Public Health – Signaled the intensified campaign not only for improved public Health but also for the eradication of superstition and ignorance. COMMERCE. – become the backbone of Philippine economy. TRADE. . the Philippines developed in the sense that factories such as textile & cigar & cigarette factories. This policy was rooted in the recognition of the individual freedoms. Field Men – were sent to the Provinces to explain the workings of modern sanitation and hygiene. Sawmills Coconut oil mills Cordage factories Fishing and Fish Canning were established beyond the wildest dreams of the Filipinos during the Spanish period.