impacts and mitigationRaquel E. Lizardo 2020 – 2050 PAGASA – DOST (February, 2011) Rise in annual mean temperatures in all parts of the country (0.9 ºC – 1.1 ºC in 2020, 1.8 ºC – 2.2 ºC in 2050) Reduction in rainfall in most parts of the country during summer months (making the usual dry season drier; results to dry spells / droughts) Increase in rainfall in most areas of Luzon and Visayas during the southwest monsoon until the transition season, and in areas with Type II Climate during the northeast monsoon (results to flooding) Increased frequency of hot temperatures (max. of > 35 ºC), and heavy rainfall (max. > 300 mm) 1. Water Stress decrease in amount of water in watersheds and dams insufficiency of energy (electricity) production from dams A. Water Resources 2. Flooding Events poses danger to lives, human settlements, and infrastructures (in terms of landslides and mudslides) 1. Change in forest ecosystem (i.e., biochemical cycles) 2. Decrease in biodiversity (species in threatened / endangered status, extinction) 3. Forest fires (warm phase of El Niño events) B. Forestry 1. Heat stress in crops and livestock 2. Increased incidence / outbreaks of pests and diseases (both in plants and animals) 3. Fish kill, migration of fishes to cooler and deeper waters 4. Increased soil erosion C. Agriculture & Fisheries 1. Prevalence of algal blooms (results to “red tide”) 2. Higher storm-surge flooding 3. Submergence / Inundation of low-lying areas D. Coastal Resources 1. Increased incidence / outbreaks of infections and diseases insect- and rodent-borne (dengue, leptospirosis, malaria) Water-borne (schistosomiasis, cholera) E. Health Food-borne (diarrhea, typhoid) Respiratory (asthma, bronchitis) Heal-related (heatstroke, dehydration) 2. Malnutrition (Undernourishment) Eradicating the root cause of climate change 1. Carbon sequestration and conservation Increasing vegetation 2. Use of bioenergy Cultivation of “energy crops” (sources of biofuel) 3. Reduced or changed fertilizer use Organic fertilizer, instead of chemical fertilizer 4. Anaerobic digestion of wastes Use of “anaerobic digesters” 5. Use of renewable energy Geothermal, wind, water, sun 6. Energy efficiency “wise use” of energy sources Be a climate change fighter NOW!!!! http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/climate_change/Climate%20change%20in%20the%20Phi lippines%20-%20August%2025%202011.pdf http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/WBPhilippineCEACCFINAL.pdf http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/climate_change/Impacts.html http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/FDES/Philippines_paper.pdf http://blog.bahaykuboresearch.net/2011/06/22/impact-of-climate-change-in-the-philippines/ http://newssimple.blogspot.com/2011/02/philippines-seventh-most-vulnerable-to.html http://climatechange.denr.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64 http://climatechange.denr.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:philipp ines-needs-to-act-vs-climate-change&catid=7:news WEB RESOURCES