1PART ONE: PERSONS & FAMILY RELATIONS 1 2 CIVIL LAW REVIEWER . Addition. authority and obedience among the members of a family. 1 Tecson v.2 Civil Law System vs. Common Law System:2 Civil Law System Common Law System As to governance: Codal. As to trend: Now relying more and Now codifying laws more more on decisions of and more. 180. 1. p. as amended) [Preliminary Title] [Chapter 1: Effect and Application of Laws] (Arts. 3 THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (Republic Act No.P. statutory and Basically derived from written law.1 Denition of Civil Law: Civil law has been dened as the mass of precepts which determine and regulate the relations of assistance.1 1. 386. 3 Answer to Bar Examination Questions in Civil Law (1975-2005) by U.3 the courts explaining the laws. 1997 Bar Examinations (Civil Law). NCC) 1) Introductory Concepts 1. No. 424 SCRA 277. 2 Q. 1 – 18. Law Complex. case law. 2006 Ed. and those which exist among members of society for the protection of private interests. Commission on Elections.. 3 . ally derived from case law. subject to the requirement of publication. it must be construed to have become effective after fteen (15) days following the completion of its publication in the Ofcial Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.1 When Law Becomes Effective: Three possible scena- rios — (a) If the law does not provide for its own effectivity: Then it shall take effect “after fteen (15) days following the completion of (its) publication either in the Ofcial Gazette. 5 Id. 9 G. 146 SCRA 446.R. NCC. Notwithstanding the express statement of such law. 2. or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines.9 4 Art. it was held that the effectivity clause of a law which provides that “it shall take effect immediately upon its approval.5 This is the meaning of the clause in Article 2 of the NCC which says “unless it is otherwise provided. 97282. 1991. Tañada v. Estanislao8 and in the SC Resolution in Caltex (Phils. if the law is published on March 30.O. 8 209 SCRA 446. The Executive Secretary. No. .”4 Note that the effectivity date is on the 16th day. 452 (1986). 200.4 CIVIL LAW REVIEWER 2) Effectivity of Laws in the Philippines 2. v. 136 SCRA 27 (1985). This is also the ruling in Umali v. Tuvera. (b) If the law provides for its own effectivity date: Then it takes effect on the said date. June 26. Tuvera.”6 (c) If the law provides that it shall become effective “immediately upon approval”: There are two (2) conicting views — (i) In Fariñas v. For example. as amended by E.” is defective but it does not render the entire law invalid. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue. No. then it will become effective on April 15.).. 6 Tañada v.7 decided by the SC en banc. Inc. 7 417 SCRA 503 (2003). past and present …. and JOHN DARREL. And To all my students. iii . my wife. This book is lovingly dedicated To the two important persons in my life — MELVA. my son…. iv . but bar reviewees may likewise find this work very helpful in their prepara- tions for the Bar Examinations. yet comprehensive. review materials in the area of Persons & Family Relations. the author earnestly hopes that this book will be of help to all disciples of law. this author has been receiving requests from former students and bar candidates alike for comprehensive and up-to-date review materials in Civil Law. This book is intended for use primarily by 4th year law stu- dents who are taking up the subject Civil Law Review 1. therefore. THE AUTHOR Manila. Property and Wills and Succession. is the author’s attempt to present up-to-date (covering cases decided up to year 2008). This work. Again. taking into consideration the new laws that were enacted by Congress and some recent deci- sions of the Philippine Supreme Court. Philippines 20 April 2009 v . PREFACE In the past years. vi . ............................... 130 vii ................ 127 Chapter 7 Property Regime of Unions Without Marriage ............................................. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE ..................................... 35 Chapter 1 Requisites of Marriage ....................................... 1 Effect and Application of Laws ............................................................ 18 BOOK I............... 35 Chapter 3 Void and Voidable Marriages .................. 89 Title III............. 96 Title IV................................... 100 Chapter 3 System of Absolute Community ........ 28 Title I.................................................................................. 104 Chapter 4 Conjugal Partnership of Gains...................... 114 Chapter 5 Separation of Property of the Spouses and Administration of Common Property by One Spouse During the Marriage ... 98 Chapter 1 General Provisions... PROPERTY RELATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE ............................................ 35 Chapter 2 Marriages Exempt from the License Requirement................................................... 98 Chapter 2 Donations by Reason of Marriage ................................... 51 Title II.............. 127 Chapter 6 Regime of Separation of Property ..... MARRIAGE............. – PERSONS CIVIL PERSONALITY .. LEGAL SEPARATION ................................... 1 Human Relations ................................................................................. CONTENTS PART ONE – Persons & Family Relations Page PRELIMINARY TITLE ............ ......... 155 Title VIII............................ 213 Chapter 2 Movable Property......................... 188 Title X.................................... 195 USE OF SURNAMES ..................... 199 ABSENCE .......... Ownership...................................... CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY .................................................................................................... 192 Title XII......................... SUPPORT ................ 182 Chapter 5 Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority......................................................................... 191 Title XI. 205 PART TWO – Property................ 221 Chapter 3 Property in Relation to the Person to Whom it Belongs .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE FAMILY LAW................................................................. 174 Chapter 3 Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Persons of the Children ............ 134 Chapter 2 The Family Home .......... PARENTAL AUTHORITY ............... 135 Title VI..................................................... 174 Chapter 1 General Provisions.... 211 Preliminary Provisions ...... 147 Chapter 3 Illegitimate Children ................................................................... EMANCIPATION AND AGE OF MAJORITY ............. 139 Chapter 2 Proof of Filiation ..... and its Modifications Title I..... 154 Title VII.................... 139 Chapter 1 Legitimate Children ......... 174 Chapter 2 Substitute and Special Parental Authority ......................................... ADOPTION ................. 211 Chapter 1 Immovable Property .......................................................................................... FINAL PROVISIONS ....... 203 CIVIL REGISTER ........... 134 Chapter 1 The Family as an Institution . THE FAMILY ..................... 192 FUNERALS .... 182 Chapter 4 Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Property of the Children.............................................................................. PATERNITY AND FILIATION ....... 223 viii .................Title V..................................... 168 Title IX... 147 Chapter 4 Legitimated Children .................... 404 Title IX................................ 246 Chapter 3 Quieting of Title ...Title II.......................... 568 Codicils and Incorporation .............. 516 WILLS ................ 271 Chapter 4 Ruinous Buildings and Trees in Danger of Falling ...................... SPECIAL PROPERTIES .......... 274 Title IV........... 235 Chapter 1 Ownership in General ........ 516 Wills in General ................................................................. 526 Forms of Wills ................................................. NUISANCE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 445 PART THREE – Wills & Succession GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................. 421 Tradition ..................................................... 327 Title VII...................................................................................... 435 Intellectual Creation .......... 428 Occupation ... 271 Title III................................................................................... 300 Title VI......................................... POSSESSION ..... 443 DONATION ................ 298 Title V... 530 Witnesses to Wills.................................................................................... 587 Preterition ................... 570 Revocation of Wills and Testamentary Dispositions ............................. 582 INSTITUTION OF HEIRS ..................................................... 599 Fideicommissary Substitution ............................................. 580 Allowance and Disallowance of Wills ............ USUFRUCT ............................................................................................................................... EASEMENT ...................................... 235 Chapter 2 Right of Accession ...................................................... 421 Acquisitive Prescription ............. 509 TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION .......... 353 Title VIII................................................................................................................................................ MODES OF ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP ..... CO-OWNERSHIP ....................... 418 Law .............................................................................................. OWNERSHIP ............. 516 Testamentary Capacity and Intent ................................................................................ 602 ix ............................................................ 572 Republication and Revival of Wills ................................ 594 SUBSTITUTION OF HEIRS ... ................ 664 RIGHT OF REPRESENTATION ..... 650 INTESTATE SUCCESSION ................... 717 PARTITION .. 711 COLLATION ................... CONDITIONAL TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS WITH A TERM ........................................... 692 INCAPACITY TO SUCCEED ............... 634 DISINHERITANCE ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 620 Amount of Legitime ......................................................................................................................................... 699 ACCEPTANCE AND REPUDIATION........................... 609 LEGITIME ............................................................ 631 Reserva Troncal ................ 692 RIGHT OF ACCRETION .......................................... 671 ORDER OF INTESTATE SUCCESSION ............................... 644 LEGACIES AND DEVISES........................................................................ 619 Compulsory Heirs ................ 664 GENERAL PROVISIONS .................................... 678 PROVISIONS COMMON TO TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSION.............................................. 724 Guide to Abbreviations: NCC New Civil Code of the Philippines FC Family Code of the Philippines RPC Revised Penal Code of the Philippines SC Supreme Court of the Philippines CA Court of Appeals RTC Regional Trial Court x .......................................