-Page 1 - - Page 2 - - - - " (Man is by nature a social and political animal and a man who is not a member of a society is either a God or a beast.) - - I I — (Key Words) , , , , (City State), (Nation State), , , (Good Governance), , , , , (Accountability), , , , , - । Page 3 ১.১ Concept and Definition of Civics ivi s ivis ivit s ity t t - ity st t N tion st t - (F. I. Gloud)" ("Civics is the study of institutions, habits, activities and spirit by means of which a man or woman may fulfil the duties and receive benefits of m mb rship in politi l ommunity”. to , itiz nship.” (E. M. white)" ("Civics is the subject that deals with everything appertaining h philosophy o itiz nship” " ("Civics is that branch of human knowledge which deals with everything relating to a citizen—past, present and future; local, national and human.") - Page 4 Webster’s International Dictionary- , ” ivi s is th t department of political science dealing with rights and duties of citizen.) Encyclopaedia Britanica- . . W bst r s Int rn tion l Di tion ry ond Edition July . s. En y lop di Brit ni ol P g Fr dri k J m s Gould - P g . (Civis is the study of institutions, habits and spirits by means of which a man or woman may fulfil the duties and receive the benefits of memberships in political community.) - Page 5 . Scope and Subject-matter of Civics — ১ - Page 6 - ১ ১১ ১ ১ ১ Necessity of Study of Civics ১ - Page 7 . — - — ১ ১১ ১ - - - Page 8 . ১ ১ ১ ১ Significance of the Study of Civics and Good Governance in Bangladesh ১ - - Page 9 . Philosopher and Guid Good Gov rn n o Gov rn n L nd ll Mills h oll o nd s r g dino Ox ord English Di tion ry-Go to o FI H l ni - Page 10 .- ১ ১১ ১ Concept and Definition of Good Governance (The State exists to Promote good life) | - W l r st t (Friend. accountable and equitable) | h . Bilney)Good Gov rn n is th tiv m n g m nt o ountry s economic resources in a manner that is open. D. Good Gov rn n (G. the ruler and ruled) ount bility L gitim y ool r nsp r n y ১ Elements & Characteristics of Good Governance . transparent.. o i l nd " o i l En y lop di ” It is bro d r on pt th n Gov rnm nt which is specially concerned with the role of Political authorities in maintaining social order within a defined territory and the exercise of executive power) M orn y " (Good governance is the relationship between civil society and the state. K u m nn oth rs Good Gov rn n - . (G. between government and governed. Bilney). O ED NDP J – - Page 11 . ১ articipatory rocess thics or moral values ransparency - (Legitimacy esponsibility - ule of aw - ccountibility fficiency (Service oriented attitude of Public administration) - Page 12 . — ১ Independent udiciary ১১ onesty ১ bsence of ender disparity ১ (Decentralisation ১ ১ ivil society ১ ublic cceptability ১૧ (Professionalism ১ - ১ ree edia ree and lural society - - Page 13 . ১. - - - — N tion t t w l r st t - ১ Relation of Civics and Good Governance with other branches of knowledge - — - Page 14 . ১ Civics. Good Governance and Political Science ১ ivis ivit s ivit s Polit s - ivi s ivis Politi s Polis - Polit s Polis ১ ivit s Politi s polis - Politi l ivi si n ivis Politi s Page 15 . - Page 16 . Good Governance and History ১ - - - - ” ১ .১ Civics.১. ১১ Civics. Good Governance and Sociology ১ — ” ” ১ ” - Page 17 .১. Good Governance and Economics ১ ” ১ - Page 18 .১ Civics.১. ) ১ Int rn l tions or Ext rn l tions - — - - Page 19 .১১ Civics. Good Governance and Ethics - - ১ - ” Wh t is mor lly wrong n n v r b politically right. Good Governance and Geography ১ - - G opoliti s - ১ - - - Page 20 .১-১ Civics. Good Governance and Population.১১ Civics. Development Studies - ১ - - ১ - - Page 21 . Gender Studies - - G nd r s x — — - - Page 22 . Good Governance and Human Rights.১১ Civics. ১ - - - - - ১ - - - ১১ Civics. Good Governance & Information and Communication Technology - Page 23 . ১ ১ - - - Page 24 . Civics √ . ivis . 8 I Civis Civitas ? √ . – . √ . √ . . - Page 25 . . . √ . Civitas ivi s . .. . Civies . (MCQ) (√ . . . √ . . √ . . - - Page 26 . . √ . . . . . . . √ ? √ . . √ . . ”– .. . . . . √ Polit s & Polis' - Page 27 . Polit s Polis .√ . √ . . . √ . . . . √ . √ . . √ – . . . . . . . . — . √ . . √ . . √ - Page 28 . √ . - ? . . . . . — . . .. – . . . √ . √ . √ - Page 29 . √ . . . √ – .— √ . . √ . √ . . . . . √ . √ . . . - Page 30 . √ . √ . . . . . √ . . . .. √ – . √ . . . √ . √ . √ . . . √ √ . . . - Page 31 . . . √ — . . . √ . . . √ – . √ – . . √ - Page 32 √ . . . . . . . √ . . - . √ . . . √ . – - √ . . . — . √ . . - Page 33 . √ . . . . . √ - . . . √ . — - . . √ i. ii iii. iv. - Page 34 . i √ .. ii . iii . iv i ii. iii. . I . ii √ Iii . ii iii . – i. ii iii. . i . ii √ . iii . i. i iii ivi s i. — ivis ii. Civitas iii. CivicS . iii , , i ii . i iii . i. i √ iii - Page 35 i ii. iii. . i ii . Ii . i iii √ . i ii iii — i ii. iii. . i ii . ii iii . i iii . i ii iii √ i ii. iii. . i iii . ii iii . I . i, ii ii √ iii i. ii. iii. - Page 36 i . Iii √ . . iii. ii . i ii iii i. ii . iii.. i ii ii iii √ iii i. ii iii . iii . I √ . ii iii . ii. i ii i. ii . ii. ii. Iii . - Page 37 . ii √ . iii √ — i. iii . Iii √ . i ii ..ii √ . ii iii - Page 38 . . i iii — i. iii. i . i iii . . ii iii . I iii . i . ii iii. i . ii iii.. ii. . ii . I iii i. i ? .i. — .— i ii. ii. i ii √ . . i . i . . iii.i ii iii — . i iii . i . √ . ? . ii. - Page 39 .i iii ii . ii iii √ i. √ . — . . √ — . . . ১ - Page 40 . √ . . .. √ . . . .. . . ”— — ૨ . . . . ivi s - Page 41 . . . . . . . - — . . . - . . . - . .. . - - Page 42 . - . — . webster's International Dictionary Encyclopaedia Britanica - - Page 43 . . . . - ] ivi s ivis ivit s ? .. - - Page 44 .. Biln y M orn y . G. .– . . ? - - - — – – — - Page 45 . — . — — — — — ”— – - - - Page 46 . . Gov rn n Good Gov rn n (concept) (Good Governance) M ount bility orn y L gilim y r nsp r n y (rule o l w (Good Governance) - (Key words): , , , , , , , - , (Rule of Law), offs corruption), , (military , , intervention) , , ১ Problems of Good Governance w l r - st t Page 47 – ১ Lack of Political tability and violence - (Lack of bsence or ccountability of the ule of . ovt aw . (Mismanagement of Govt - Page 48 ailure to ontrol orruption N Lack of ১ culture in the olitical - ommitment ack of Democratic olitical arty - ১১ (Military intervention in olitics - ১ apotism - - ১ - (Absence of Independence of judiciary) : ১ (Lack of People's ১ articipation Disrunctional - arliament Page 49 - – - - - ১ (Poverty ১ (weakness of local ১ bsence of ১ overnment eoples awareness (Absence of Balance of Power (Absence of Free eutral lection commission ১ bsence of reedom or ack of - ommunal ress armony Page 50 Measures to remove the problems of good governance ১ - - - - - Page 51 ১ - - ১১ ১ - ১ ১ ১ ১ - — ১ ১ ১ ১ - - Page 52 . ১ ১ ১১ ১ - - Page 53 . ১ ১ ১ ১ - - ১ ১ - ১ - ১ - - Page 54 . Role of Citigens in order to establish good Governance ১ - (Unconditional allegiance to the tate bedience to aw selection of honest and qualified leadership egular ayment of axes ublic service o ducate the children articipation in Development ctivities - - Page 55 . Political and Economic Sphere ১ - - Page 56 .rotect ublic roperty Publi Prop rty ১ (to help law and order and Dicipline - - ১১ ecome conscious and lert ১ o abide by constitution ১ agerness of ood governance - ১ selection of iberal rogressive olitical arty - Importance of Good Governance in Social. - - Page 57 . √ . . . . . √ . . . √ — . . — . . . . √ . - Page 58 . √ . . .(McQ) (√ – . . . .. . . . √ . √ . . - - Page 59 . . Values. . Governance) - (Good . Liberty and Equality on pt - - - - (key words) (values). values). (social (Democratic values). Law. . (Criminal Law). . (Rule of Law). (Liberty). . . . . Page 60 . political or national qualities which are valued by the majority or minority group of the place.E. st in - M .D. tu rt . .) F. Dodd H. M ri (A social value may be defined as a pattern of belief whose maintenance is considered important to group welfare. economic. - - - - Page 61 .) - Characteristics of Values . traditional.-১ Values on ption nd D inition . willi m - - - lyd Kluokhon - Ni hol s s h r - ” - (Social value embraces arrange of qualities for a place such as spiritual. - - - Bases or Elements of Values ১ - - - - - Page 62 . - - Page 63 . Di y - - ১ Classification of Values - ১ - social values . .. . . . olitical values - kk kBBB BB B Democratic values - - (Religious values) - (Cultural values) : - - oral values - conomic values - - - - Page 64 . spiritual values spiritu l Pow r odern values Values and good Government ১ - - - Page 65 . Democratic Values concept - - - - - -- - - - - Page 66 . ঝ .Importance of Democratic Values ১ -- - - Page 67 . Good Governance and Democratic value ১ l - Conception and Definition of Law L w w L g L w - - - - ” (Law is the passionl ss r son - Page 68 . e.) ১ Sources of Law - Page 69 . Hol nd " (A Law is a general rule of external action orced by the sovereign political authority.” ” hom s Hobb s ” Pro . sovereign to the political inferior.) (Woodrow Wilson) - ” (Law is that portion of the established thought and habit which has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rules backed by the authority and power of the government. Pro . enforces become law.the command of the political superior i.) vigny ” Histori l hool Pro .) John ustin (Law . G tt lmond " (Only those rules which the state creates or which as recognises. ১ ustom - - eligion - favors udicial Dicision or djudication Judg -M d l w cientific Discussion .quity egislature ublic opinion dministrative declaration - Page 70 . onstitution ১১ Classification of Law Muni ip l L w Int rn tion l L w Publi L w dministr tiv Priv t L w ) L w onstitution l L w (Criminal Law) | unicipal aw International - aw Page 71 . Reasons for Obeying Law ” ” . Lord Bry – ” -১ Morality Mor lity” Mor lity virtu Mor lit s is knowl dg knowl dg ignor n m s m s Mor ls (Jonathan Haidt) - Mor lity – Page 72 .onstitutional aw - dministrative aw riminal aw - . . ” - - L w do s not - nd - n not ov r ll grounds o mor lity - -১ Law and Morality - - - Page 73 .Cambridge International Dictionary of English- - Collins English DictionaryMor lity is concerned with on negating to human behaviour. the distinction between good and bad and right and wrong b h viour. esp. - - - - ১ - - - - Page 74 . H.) g r m int n n o th t tmosph r in whi h m n h v ” By lib rty I m n th opportunity to b th ir b st s lv s.) H.১ Definition of Liberty Lib rty Lib rty Lib r r - John tu rt Mill Ess y on Lib rty ” ” H rb rt p n r " (Every man is free to do whatever he wills.) positive power or capacity of doing or (Liberty is the Pro . provided he infringes not the equal freedom of any other man. J. -১ Forms of Liberty - Page 75 . L ski " (By liberty I mean the absence of restraints upon the existence of those social conditions which in modern civilization are the necessary guarantees of individual happiness. Gr n ” Fr dom onsistsin enjoying something worth-doing or worth enjoying) h lly opposite of over government. ১ Individual or ivil iberty - - (Natural iberty oo M n is born r but v rywh r h is in h in. conomic iberty ” ” ational liberty - Page 76 . pow r to b bl in th irs o st t . (Legal liberty social so o o oo o tos o iberty - olitical iberty Politi l lib rty m ns th . - Page 77 . esponsible overnment (Direct Democratic method) - ule of aw - .১ Safeguards of Liberty ” ১ aw (Fundamental rights in the Constitution) . separation of . ower . Independence of (Decentralisation of udiciary ower ” (social ustice ১ quality ১১ (Organised party System) : ১ onstitutional ১ overnment roper understanding between the ovt and the eople — ১ (Exploitation free Social structure) - ১ vigilant ublic opinion ” Et rn l vigilance is the price of liberty and the secret of liberty is courage.) - Page 78 . . ১ ” - - - ” Page 79 .) . h mor ” th r is o th ” on th l ss th r is o th oth r.” -১ Relation between Law and Liberty (Liberty and law do not quarrel. .. an the second place.B rk r ” - - - - Different Forms or Classification of Equality ১ (Natural Equality) - Page 80 ..-১ Definition and Meaning of Equality qu lity o opportuniti s - - - - Pro ..... L ski ” Equ lity . Equality means... that adequate opportuniti s r l id op n to ll . m ns irst o ll the absence of special privilege .. ) .social quality - - olitical quality - - conomic quality . wn y Pro .১ Importance of Equality in Liberty ol ” Politi l lib rty in th bs n o onomi qu lity is held to be a mere myth.- - - - ” egal quality — Individual quality . H. Poll rd - Page 81 . ) - - Page 82 . It lies in equality.” h r is only on solution of problem of liberty. √ . .. Low Lego Lag √ Log — ? . . . √ - . . . √ . . (MCQ) (√ L w. . - - Page 83 . √ . . . √ . . — √ L w . . . . . . . — . . . . . √ √ . . — √ . . . . . . . . . - . √ - . . √ . . √ - Page 84 . √ . . . — √ . Lib rty √ . . . √ - – √ . . √ . . . . . . . √ – √ . - Page 85 . . √ — . √ .. . . . . √ . √ . √ . . . . √ . .— . √ . √ . √ . - Page 86 . √ . . . √ . ? . - Page 87 . ? . . √ . . . . √ — . . . √ .. . √ . . √ . √ . √ ? . . iii. i i ii ii iii i ii iii √ — i ii. . ? . . . . . i ii iii ii √ iii - — i ii. iii. . .— i ii. . . iii. . . iii . . i ii i Iii iii iii ii √ — i. - Page 88 . . . ii. i i ii ii iii i ii iii √ — i ii. iii. i ii √ iii i. . . . . ii √ i ii. iii. iii.. i iii . ii iii i ii. . . . ii iii *I. i. i ii √ i iii ii iii i. ii iii i √ ii iii i. . . . iii . . – i ii. . iii . ii iii - Page 89 . iii. . . i iii Iii I iii . . i ii i iii ii √ i. . .— i ii. iii. . - . i ii √ iii Ii iii — i. ? . . . iii. ii. . - Page 90 . ii. . iii. . . .. – - Page 91 . ? – . . - - - - . ”— . . ? ? — - - ? . - . Lib rty Lib rty - Page 92 .- . . ? . . - ? . . . . ? - ? L g . ? ? — - Page 93 .. — — — — ”— — — — – — — — – - Page 94 . . . (transparency). . (Key Words) . . .E-Governance & Good Governance - - - . .> - . - Concept of E-Governance Gov rn n - - - El troni - - int r tion - - - - - - - - Page 95 . . - । - ১ - . . including citizens articulation of their interests and energies of their legal rights and obligations. e-Governnace may be understood as the performance of this governance via the electronic medium in order to facititate an efficient.) .) " (Governance refers to the exercise of political. speedy and transparent process of disseminating information to the public and other agencies and for performing government administration activities. businesses and other arms of government.) - ’" (The use by the government of web-based internet application and other information technologies. secure and authentic flow of information crossing the interdepeartmental barrier and providing a fair and unbiased service to the citizen) - - - - - Page 96 .) N ” (e-Governance is defined as the employment of the internet and the worldwide web for delivering government information and service to the citizens. ” tr nsp r nt sm rt -Governance with seamless access.world B nk - " (e-Governance refers to the use by Governmentagencies of information technologies (such as networking internet. mobile etc. . economic and administrative authority in the management of a country's affairs.) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens. Governance - - . . . . . . . .- - - - ১ - - Aims & Objectives of E. . . - - . . . - - . - Page 97 . . . - - Characteristics of E-Governance ১ - - El troni Gov rnm nt - - - - - - - - ১ ১১ - - - - Advantage of Good Governance and E-Governance ১ - : - - Page 98 . - - : - - - - - - - ১ - - ১১ - - - - - Page 99 . - - . .১ - - ১ - ১ - ১ - - - - : . - - Page 100 . . - . . - - . . - - . - . - . - . - . . - - . - - . - - . - - - . - . - — . . - Page 101 .. - - . . . - - . . . - - . . - . . . . . I - - - Page 102 (MCO) (√ . . . . Governor Government Governance √ Governing . . . . Good Good Good Good - Government Governor Gang Governance √ — . . √ √ . . - . . . . √ ? . √ - — i. ii. iii . i . ii √ - Page 103 . I ii . iii - – i ii. iii. . . . . i Ii Iii I ii . - iii √ ১ . . . . . - .M. — - - - — - - - Page 104 . - - ? . . - . - - - . - - - ? . . .- . . . . ? . ? . . - - M oM - - Page 105 ? - - - - – — - — — - - – — - Page 106 RIGHTS AND DUTIES AND HUMAN RIGHTS - . M n r born nd lw ys ontinu r nd qu l in r sp t to th ir rights – ey Words ight (Legal rights ivil rights (Political rights), Duti s (Allegiance to the state) (Human Rights) (Fundamental rights) ১ Definition and Meaning of Right - - Page 107 which are secured and guaranteed by the State) | Pro . L ski " (Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek. Hobhous ”(Genuine rights are conditions of social welfare) Pro . E rn st B rk r " (Rights are those necessaryconditions of the greatest possible development of the capacities of all individuals. Green) " (Rights are the outer conditions essential for man's inner development. Holl nd ights r on m n s influencing the acts of another by means of the opinion and force of the society).) (TH. p ity o Pro . in general.) I” Ev ry st t is known by th rightsit maintains) l Characteristics of Right univ rs l - - Page 108 .” L . to be himself at his best.) Bos nqu t I" (A right is a claim recognised by society and enforced by the state. ) egal ights Rights). ivil ১ ights ight to life ight to liberty ight to thought and speech - (Right to association and Meeting): - - - - (Right to movement): Page 109 . E onomi (Cultural Rights). ights ) (Religions Rights) (Civil (Political Rights) (Personal Rights).Classification of Rights ১ oral ights - - Di tion ry o so i l s i n " (Moral rights which are dependent on the ethical feelings of man and they are not guaranteed by any legal authority. reedom to ress (Right to contract (Right to equality before the eye of law) . - - - - ১ ১১ ight to roperty ight to eligion ight to organise family ১ . ight to economic and social justice ১ ight to education ১ ১ (Right to fame) conomic ১ ights ight to work (Right to reasonable wages ight to est (Right to form trade union): (Right to economic security in old and incapable condition) : - Page 110 . - - - - - (Right to Petition - ight to hold ublic office - - - (Right to Protection in abroad) ight to criticise cultural owerment ights (Religious ights ersonal ights - - - Page 111 .olitical ights ১ ight to residence (Right to election) . Safeguard of Rights ১ aw Democracy (Declaration of Fundamental Rights): ule of aw (Independence of fudiciary): (Eternal vigitance of the People) ” Rights to Information of Citizen ight to in orm tin or itiz n ” - - Ordinance on Freedom of writing and of the Press' - Page 112 . . - Page 113 .- - — . . . . . - Page 114 . . – - . .. . IW Prop rty Int ll tu l ight - - Page 115 . - - - Page 116 . - - - - - - - - Page 117 . Glob liz tion Glob l vill g ul o L w H b us orpus - Page 118 . - - - Duties of Citizens : Conception and its Importance should observe. .) Pro . rw l duty is n oblig tion to m mb r o o i ty or State. Hobhous Page 119 . H rold J.- . L ski ” ” - Pro .) ” " (Duty is one kind of special work which we . yeur duty is to give me reasonable room. social Duties - - (Political Duties — conomic Duties oral Duty - - egal Duty - Page 120 .(If I have the right to walk also the street without being Pashed off the Pavement. .) -১ Classification of Duties ১ . -১১ Duties of Citizens ১ (Allegiance to the state bedience to aw ight to onest ranchise foston (Selection of honest and qualified leadership): egular ayment of axes ublic service o ducate the hildren other Duties - Page 121 . Duty towards - amily - - - (Duty towards Society) (Duty towards International Affairs) . ১ Relation Between Rights and Duties ” – ১ ঝ (Rights imply duti s - Page 122 . . producing equal opportunity makes the humanity a perfect one that never feels dissatisfied at their achievement. pp dori - .- " (Men are born and always continue free and equal in respect to their rights.) .-১ Human Rights (Rousseau) M n is born r - - - oot t NO - Pro .) ১ Relation between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights - - - - . - Page 123 . .P. . Huntington ” h human right are inherent. - - .. - . . -১ Human Rights . . . - - Page 124 . . - . - . . . - . . . . . - . .. - - Page 125 . . . . . - . . . - - . - . . . . . - - . . .. - -১ - - - Page 126 . √ . √ - Page 127 . . . . √ . . √ . .(MCQ) (√ . . . . . √ . . — . . . . . . . . - Page 128 . √ . √ — √ . . . . . . .√ . . . √ . . . . — . . √ . . .√ . √ . . . √ - Page 129 . . √ √ . . . √ . . . . √ . – . . . . - Page 130 . . . . . √ . √ — . √ . - .. . . √ . . . √ . - √ . i ii √ . ii . iii. iii . iii i ii.. . . ii. . . √ . i . - Page 131 . √ — √ . — i. . iii . i . iii √ — i ii. ii iii . i .. . i ji √ . i. Ii √ . i. Ii . i . iii. ii iii √ i ii. ii . i ii . iii. iii. i . ii . iii - Page 132 . i iii - i ii. . ii iii i ii. i. iii - Page 133 . . ii iii . i . iii . iii. i iii . iii - – i ii. i ii √ . ii √ .i ii iii . iii. i . i. i ji √ . i iii . . i . ? . . ii iii √ √ . . i. √ ১ - - Page 134 . iii . ii .— i ii iii. ”— . . . — . - Page 135 . . .. . . . ? . — . — . . - . . . .. - Page 136 . . ? - – — — - Page 137 . — – — — – – – - Page 138 . POLITICAL PARTY. LEADERSHIP AND GOOD GOVERNANCE – (Key Words): . . (Charismatic leadership). . . (Leadership). . . . (BiParty system). (Multi-Party system). . .। ১ Political Party : Conception and Definition - Page 139 . (Good Governance). group whos .) (Gette)” (Disraeli)(A party is a group o m n b nd d tog th r to pursu rt in prin ipl s.) Characteristics of Political Parties – ১ - - - Page 140 .) " (Political Party is an association organisad in support of some Principle of Policy which by constitutional means it endeavous to make the determinant of government.Jos ph ” p rty is or politi l pow r”. hump t r - m mb rs propos to t in on rt in th omp titiv struggl Edmund Burk (Party is a body of men. a programme of general national scope and width. ” p rty is ommunity with a particular structure.) E rn st B rk r ” p rty is p rti ul r body o opinion which is nonetheless concerned with the general national interest and which forms and presents to the choice of the electorate. united for the purpose of promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest upon some particular principle on which they are all agreed. . .- Political Party and Faction F tion (Clique) . . Role and Importance of Political Parties in Democracy ১ - - Page 141 . . . ১ - ” - Page 142 .” - Int r st group ssioso (Interest articulation) Functions of Political Parties in Democracy. - - ১ ১১ ১ ১ ১ ১ ১ - - - Page 143 . Different Forms of Political Party On -P rty yst m ১ so oso Bi-P rty yst m or o osot Multi-P rty syst m (one-Party system - - (Merits & Demerits of One Party) erits ১ : - Page 144 . - - - Page 145 .- - - (Demerits): ১ - - - (Bi-Party System or Two-Party System): (Conservative Party) - erits L bour P rty (Merits and Demerits of Bi-Party System) - – ১ - - . J.- - Pro . H. L ski ১ - - ১১ Demerits - – ১ - bin t di t torship - - Page 146 . ulti.arty system o lition Gov rnm nt - (Merits & Demerits of Multi-party System) erits ১ .- - : - ১ Demerits ১ - Page 147 . - - lr d Gr zi r - ” ll n B li " (A Pressure group can be defined as a group whose members hold share attitude.) Features or Characteristics of Pressure Group ১ - Page 148 . ১ : ১ ivil - o i ty Page 149 . -১১ Leadership & Conception and Definition l d rship l d l d r. O. W. Dun ” .১ . Gouldn r ” - Page 150 . L d rship L d l d r H. Kimb l oung - ” L d rship is but on orm o dominance. in which the followers more or less willingly accept direction and control by another. - - - Page 151 . I B rn rd ” (Leadership refers to the quality of the behaviour of the individuals whereby they guide people or their activities in organized effort.) -১ Classification of Leadership ১ - - . .) . ot lit ri n - - -১ Essential Qualities of Leadership - ” ” .- ১ - - - Page 152 . – - - - - ১ ১১ ১ ১ ১ ১ ১ ১ - - Page 153 . . . . . .. ..G. . Page 154 . . . . .O.G.O. .- (N. . . . .১ — - - - ১ - . - N. . .- .O) Non-Gov rnm nt l Org nis tion . . . .G. . .(MCQ) (√ - – . . . . √ . √ . √ . . √ . - - Page 155 . . . √ . . . √ . . - √ √ . √ . – . . . . . √ . .. . . . - Page 156 . √ . . . √ . . . . √ . .√ . . √ - Page 157 . . . √ - √ √ . √ . . — - Page 158 . . . √ . . . √ . . — . √ √ . .. . √ . . . √ . .. . . √ - Page 159 . √ . . √ . . . . √ . √ . . . . – . . √ . . √ . . √ . . . √ . . . √ . . . . . . . . .. . - Page 160 . ” . — . . √ . √ . . √ √ . . — √ - - Page 161 . - .√ . . . √ . — . . √ . . . . . √ . √ – √ . . — √ .. √ - Page 162 . . . . √ . . — i. ii.. √ . iii. . i √ . i ii √ . i . ii. i. ii iii - Page 163 . . i iii . i ii . і іі √ . ii iii – i. ii . Ii . iii. ii iii i ii iii. . i. i іі . ? . i. i i ii. iii . iii. . 1. ii iii i ii. ii . i. iii. ii . - - Page 164 . i. iii . i . ii iii √ . ii . ii iii √ . ii iii — i ii.. iii. ii iii — i ii. i . iii. i . . ii iii iii √ . i . iii . √ — i - Page 165 . ii . ii . i. i. i iii ii √ - i ii. ? . i . ii iii √ — i ii. i. iii. ii .. ii . ii . i . . ? — - - - Page 166 . . . .ii. . iii. i iii √ ১ - . ii . i ii . - . . — - . - - Page 167 . . – - . . . – .. . . - Page 168 . . . .. . . . . - . . . — . . . — - - . . -- ১ . - Page 169 . . - - - Page 170 . - - – – — – — – — – — — — – — - Page 171 . — — — — — - Page 172 . STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT — (Key Words): Gov rnm nt D mo r y publi onstitution l Mon r hy P rli m nt ry Govt. (Faderation). is a spokesman to the st t Gov rnm nt o o rgo ssioso Classification of Government - - Page 173 . (Unitary Govt. (Presid nti l Govt.) (Legislature) (Executive). (Theory of Separation of Povers and checks and Balances) | ১ Government . (Judiciary). – — onstitution l Mon r hy publi P rli m nt ry or bin t Gov rnm nt Pr sid nti l Gov rnm nt (Federal Gov rnm nt - nit ry Gov rnm nt o Page 174 . F. trong " (Democracy implies that government which shall reston active consent of the governed.) .) - Page 175 . Di y " (Democracy is a form of government in which the governing body is a comparatively large fraction of the entire population.Democracy Definition and Kr ti eaning D mos Kr tos D mo r y oil Kr ti Demos Kr tos H rodotus ” ir John ly " (Democracy is a government in which everyone has a share.) of Pro .) " (Democracy is a system government by discussion. to what ends. by the people and for the people. M lv r ” D mo r y is not w y o gov rning wh th r by w y o m jority or otherwise.) Pro . but primarily a way of determining who shall govern and broadly.br h m Lin oln ” (Democracy is a government of the people.) - - Characteristics of Democracy ১ - - - Types of Democracy (Indirector Representative Democracy) - Dir t D mo r y Page 176 . Methods of Direct Democracy in Indirect Democracy – ১ eferendum Initiative ecali lebiscite - Merits of Democracy – ১ - Page 177 . - - - – ১ - ১১ ১ — ১ ১ - ১ ” - - Page 178 . ১ ১ Demerits of Democracy ১ - - - ” h ult o In omp t n ” - Page 179 . "universal education must precede universal suffrage" ” - - - - - - — - Page 180 .১ - ১১ Conditions for the Success of Democracy ১ . - ১ - ১১ ১ ১ ১ ১ : ১ ১ - - Page 181 . . . ১ The Republic ১১ Dictatorship - Page 182 .১ ১ ১ - John tu rt Mill . N wm n (By dictatorship we understand the rule of a person or group of persons who arrogate to themselves and monopolise power in the state. faction or party is ob di n rom ll oth r itiz ns- ' (Dictatorship is a system of government in mpow r d to di t t ll politi l tion nd omp l ”– ১ Characteristics of Dictatorship – ১ - " (All within th outsid th st t - non g inst th st t non st t . exercising it without restraint). A Dictionary of Politi l hought og r s ruton which one person. office. Page 183 . nd immut bl l w o li . ১ ১১ – ১ ” ১ ১ Merits of Dictatorship ১ - - ১ Demerits of Dictatorship - Page 184 .” ” Et rn l W r is to m n wh t m t rnity is to wom n. h s th h bit o orrupting v n th nobl st o thos ” who Pow r x r is it. orrupts m n F nd bsolut Pow r F ১ ১ Comparative Study between Democracy and Dictatorship ১ - Page 185 .১ ” pow r orrupts bsolut ly. ” - ১ ১১ - - ” ১ ১ ১ ১ ১ - - Page 186 . the government is the master of country and Prime Minister is the master of the gov rnm nt. Gr v s ”(In Parliamentary system. sponsibl - Gov rnm nt Page 187 .১ Parliamentary or Cabinet Form of Government and Presidential Form of Government ১ Parliamentary or Cabinet Form of Government . v. . Di y - ” Pro . ১ Merits of Cabinet Form of Government ১ - - Page 188 .১ Characteristics of Parliamentary Form of Government ১ . J. G rn r " (Presidential form of government is a government in which the executive is independent of the legislature as regards its tenure and to a large extent as regards its policy and acts) - Page 189 ." ১ Demerits of Cabinet Form of Government ১ - ঝ ১ Presidential Form of Government – . Pro .W. . F.) | .Pro . l y - ” h Pr sid nti l form of government is basically based on the will of the President elected by the people directly or indirectly in ademocracy. Gil hrist ” Characteristics of Presidential Form of Government ১ .N. Merits of Presidential Form of Government ১ - Page 190 . - - - Demerits of Presidential Form of Government – ১ - Page 191 . Comparative Discussion of the Cabinet and Presidential Form of Government ১ - Page 192 . ১ ১১ ১ Unitary Form of Government Pro .) - Page 193 .) Pro . G tt - ” nit ry gov rnm nt is system in which the constitution of the state delegates all government powers to the national government. Di y " (Unitarism is the habitual exercise of supreme legislative authority by one central power. Characteristics of Unitary Form of Government . ১ - - Merits of Unitary Form of Government ১ - - Page 194 . - Demerits of Unitary Form of Government ১ Federal Form of Government F d r tion Fo dus - Page 195 . ১ Methods of Formation of Federal Government . coordinate and independent. Di y ” (A federal state is a political contrivance intended to reconcile national unity and power with the maintenance of states rights. Fin r ” Pro . - . I mean the method of dividing powers so that the general (central) and regional governments are each within a sphere. H. Characteristics of Federal Form of Government ১ - Page 196 .Pro .) . Wh r ” By th deral principle. K. .) Pro . ১ ১১ ১ ১ ১ Conditions for the Success of Federal Government - Page 197 .(They must desire union but must not unity) - . ১ - ntrip t l t nd n y (Centrifugal tendency) - ১ ১১ - ১ ১ - Page 198 . ১ ১ . Merits of Federal Government ১ - - ঝ ঝ ১ - Page 199 . ১১ Demerits of Federal Government ১ Comparative study between Unitary and Federal Government – ১ - Page 200 . - ১ ১১ Monarchy - Page 201 . bsolut or o o ssi or unlimit d Mon r hy Limit d or onstitution l Mon r hy Characteristics of Monarchy - Page 202 . Merits of Monarchy Demerits of Monarchy - Socialist Government - Page 203 . Origin and Development of Socialism Do trin o L iss z.ir Features of Socialist Government ১ - Merits of Socialist Government ১ - Page 204 . - - - - ” Demerits of Socialist Government ১ - Page 205 . - Military Government - hi M rti l L w dministr tor ML - (Totalitarian Military Government) Merits of Military Government ১ - Page 206 . - - Demerits of Military Government ১ - ১ Theocracy - - - Page 207 . - Characteristics of Theological Government ১ - . - - - ১ - - - - - ১ - Page 208 . - ১ Characteristics of a Best Government ১ - - Page 209 . ১ ১১ Hindrances to the Best Government in Bangladesh ১ - - Measures to Remove Hindrances for the Best Government in Bangladesh ১ - Page 210 . - m king un tions ul (Rul . Executive and Judiciary ul ppli tion Fun tions djudi tion . Different Organs of Government : Legislature.- - ১ . Page 211 . . The Legislature - Organisation of the Legislature - - Page 212 . Unicameral Legislature - Arguments in Favour of Unicameral Legislaturee ১ - - ” If the second chamber agrees with the first. if it disagrees.) ” h singl hamber assembly seems best to answer the needs of the modern state. it is pernicious.) and magnificient legislative Arguments Against Unicameral Legislature ১ ” - Page 213 . it is superfluous. Arguments in Favour of Bi-cameralism - Page 214 . that which has two house. . . - - Bi-cameral Legislature ” Bi-cameral legislature is .) . . The first one is known as the lower house and the second one as the upper house.. ― । . ― . । |" .― . if disagrees. । । ১ . ১. .) . . ‖ - Page 215 . . it is superfluous. । . । . . .১ ” - - ” ” . it is pernicious. . . Arguments Against Bi-cameral Legislature . ‖ (If the second chamber agrees with the first. - . Organisation of Legislature in Parliamentary and Presidential of Govt. । । . . । । । .. . System . । .― ‖ . - Page 216 . : . . : . . । Organisation of Legislature in Unitary and Federal System । । . : . . . । . Powers and Functions of the Legislature - Page 217 . . . Nature of Legislature in Dictatorship and Military Government . . . . । .. | । । । । । । । । . ১ Organisation of Legislature in Socialist System . . . । । . । . । . ‘ । . । । . . । . । । . । । - Page 218 . । । . । । .। ১. . . । । ১১. । . ১ . . . . . ( ) (Political Executive) ( ) - (Non-Political Executive)। .. । - । . (reigns but does not govern)। । . । - Page 219 . The Executive । . . . . । . . । । . । . . ‘ (Plural executive) . . . । .. । . Powers and Functions of the Executive - Page 220 . ” ― । . . ১. । । . । (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) . । । (Department of External Affairs) . . । - । . . . . । । . । . The Judiciary । (Sidgwick) . . । . । . . . । । (ordinace) । । . " । - Page 221 . . . . । . . . । . . ) . . no test is more decisive than the degree in which justice. as defined by law. ১. ‘ ― - ‖ ― . । । । । . ― " । .. Organisation of the Judiciary . ― ‖ . ( ) ( ) . " " (In determining a nation's rank in political civilisation. is actually realised in its judicial administration. . . ― ‖- । - Page 222 .― ।‖ । . ― " (of all methods of appointment. that of election by the people at large. is without exception the worst.( ) ( ) ( ) ১. . । .‖ " ” । ” । । । . Functions of the Judiciary ১. Methods of Appointment of Judges . . - Page 223 .) . . . । . . " (we are under a ― . । . . ১ Separation of Judiciary from the Executive - । . । .) . constitution. . . । . । .। . । । (Judge-made laws) . . . - Page 224 . but the constitution is what the judges say it is. . . . ' | . ― (Sidgwick) ‖ . - । - Page 225 . . . . Independence of the Judiciary . । .― (Kent) ।‖ .। . . Hamilton) ‖ . . । . ― (A. । । । .― !" (There is no better test of the excellence of a government than the efficiency of its judicial system.) . । । . . . . ‖ (If the judge. Safeguards of the Independence of Judiciary ১. . । । . । । । . । । - Page 226 . . । । । .― . । - । । । । . . the high purposes for which the judiciary is established can not be secured. । . । .) । .. ― ।‖ . Probity and freedom of decision. lack wisdom. (Impeachment motion) । . ( ) - .. । . . .( ) . . . - . . । - . ‖ . . ( ) . . . ( ) .( ) । ( ) । । । । . . . . . . . । - Page 227 . . . . . . . . ― . । . . ―The Spirit of Laws‖ . . ( ) (Deliberative). .' (Cheaks and Balance) । . . ( (Magisterial). Separation of Power : Theoritical Explanation . . । । । . ‖ . Exponents of Separation of Power Theory and Their Views .― ‖ . - Page 228 . ( ) (Judicial)– . . there can be no public liberty. . । . ।‖ . । . - Page 229 ..― (Madison) . exercised by different individuals in such a way as to act as checks and balances againstone another.) .― . Criticism of Separation of Power Theory ১.) . . . . । . nor is there freedom where the power to adjudicate is not separated from the legislative and executive power. ‖ (Whenever the right of making and enforcing the law is vested in the same man or the somebody of men. ― " (The three powers then must be separated.) . . । । .― " (When legislative and executive power are united in the same person or the governing body there can be no freedom. . . । " Evaluation of the Theory of Separation of Powers . . . । . . । . Theory of Separation of Powers and Theory of Checks and Balances . । .― ‖ .. । . . . । । . । - Page 230 .― . ‗ ' (Checks & Balance theory)। ( ) ) ( ). . . । । ' । । । . । । । । । ‘ - Page 231 . - । . । . । । । । .. ( । . . । . । । । ' (Checks & Balance theory) । . । . । (Act) । । . । - Page 232 . . √ — . . . - Page 233 . . . . ? . . — √ . . √ . . . . √ . √ . . . (√ (MCQ) ) ? . . . . . . √ . . . √ . . . . . - Page 234 . ১ — . √ .. √ . . . . . . . ? . . ? √ . ? . √ . . . . .? . . - Page 235 . . . √ . √ . . √ . . . . √ . . . ? . ? . . √ . ? . √ . . ‖— ? . ‗ . . √ . √ . . . ‘ ?- . ? . . √ . . - Page 236 . . ? . . √ . .(Demos)- ? . . √ . √ . ? . . ? . . . ? . . . ? . - . ? √ . √ . √ . . . . . . ? . . / √ . . √ .? . ? √ . . . - Page 237 . . . . . . . ? . . . ? . √ . ? √ . . √ . ? . . . . . . — √ . . . . . - Page 238 .? . . √ . √ . √ . . . ? ./ ? . . . . . √ . – ? . . . - Page 239 . . √ . – ? . ? : . . √ . ? . . √ . ? . . . √ . ? . √ . ? . ? . . . . . .. √ . √ . . . √ . ? . ? . . . √ . - Page 240 . - Page 241 . . √ . . √ . . . . ? . . . ? √ . The Spirit of Laws . √ . . . √ . ? .. . . ? . — ? . . . . . - . √ ? . . ? √ . . . . ? . . . । .. ? . . . . √ . . √ . √ . . √ . Page 242 . . . .. ? . . √ . — . . . √ . √ . . . . . √ . . √ / . . . ? . . ? . . . - Page 243 . . . . . . √ . . . . . . / ? .. . . ? . - Page 244 . √ . √ . ? √ . . . √ . √ . √ ? . . . ? . ? . . . : . . - Page 245 . . . . . ? . . √ . . √ . ? . ? . √ . ? √ . ? . . ? . . - √ . .√ . . . — √ . . . ? . – . . . . .√ . . . √ . — . . . ‘ ? : - Page 246 . √ . √ . . √ . . — . . . . √ . . ii. √ . । – i. √ . . . ? . . iii. . . ? . √ . . . - Page 247 . ? . .√ . ? . i .? . ii iii . i.i ii .i - Page 248 . ii iii । — i.i iii . i.i ii √ .i ii . ii. iii. ii iii ' — i. iii ii . ? .i iii — i. ii. ii iii √ . iii. ? .i ii √ . ? . ii. iii.i iii . ii.. i. ii.i ii √ .i . iii. - Page 249 . ? . ii — i.i iii . ii iii । । । । । । — i. i. ii ii √ .i . ii iii. ii iii . iii √ . iii । — i. ? . .ii.― । । .i . . ii iii √ . — ? । . iii. . i ji . । . . i. . ? . ।‖— . . ii . . ? ? ‘ - Page 250 . ‘। . . . . . - ‗ ‘ । Page 251 . . ? । . . . ? ? ‗ ‘ . ? ? ‗ ‘ ‗ ‘ ? । .। . . ? — - । . . ? . . . . . . . . ? ? . ? . . . . ? ? - Page 252 .. . । । . - . ‗ ‘ ' ? ? . . . . . । ‘ . . । ? . ? খ.. - Page 253 . . ? . উদাহরণসহ নামমাত্র শাসক এবং প্রকৃ ত শাসক সম্পর্কে ধারণা দাও। ? . . . . . . .― ‖— । ১১. ? .― ‖— । ১ . . . । . . ‘– [ - ] ? ? ? ?– । । । । ? । ? । । । ? ? . .? . ‘ . ? ? ? ? - Page 254 . । . ? . ? । । ? - ? । - ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । । । । - । । .। . ? । । ? । ? । ? । । ? ? - Page 255 . ? । ? ? ? ? — ? — ? । . . . । ? . ? ? ? ‘ ? ? / ? ? । । । । ? । ? । ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? । ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - Page 256 . ? ‘ । ? ' ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । ? । . ? । ? । ? । । । । । ? । ? । । । ? । ? । । । । । ? । ? । ? । । । ? । - । ? Page 257 . - ? ? Page 258 . । । – । – । — । । ? । । – । – । । ? । .। । । । । – । । । । । ?— । / । । / । । । । ‘— । । - ? । – ? ? । ? ? । ? । — . । । .। । — । — . । '— । । – ।― . । ‖— । - । - Page 259 . PUBLIC OPINION AND POLITICAL CULTURE , । । – । (Key Words): (Public opinion), (Good । । । । Governance), (Political culture), (Political idea), (Political attitude), (Inherent expression), (Cognitive Orientations)। । .১ Coception and Definition of Public Opinion ' , , ' । (L, W. Doob),― " (Public opinion refers to peoples attitudes onan issue when they are members of the same social groups.) . . - Page 260 (Kimbal Young) , ― " (Public opinion consists of the opinions held by a public at a certain time.) (Lord Bryce)- , ― , - ।‖ (The aggregate of the views men hold regarding matters that affect the interest of the Community.) . . ‖ , ― (E.M. Sait)- , , ,― , " (In order that an opinion may be public a majority is not enough and unanimity is not required.) ‖ - , ― ,― ‖ (Public - opinion is a social product due to the interaction of many minds.) - , ― ‖ , , । , . Features of Public Opinion , ১. - . . - . . - Page 261 . . , . , , , । . Methods or Media of Forming Public Opinion । । । । ১. , - । । । , ‗ । , । । । , ― ।‖ . - । - , । । . , । । . , । , - , । - Page 262 । - , , , , - । . , , , - । । - । । । । . । , - । , - । - । . , । । , - । । . । , , , । . । ১ . - , - । . Public Opinion and Democracy ‗ , - , , । । Page 263 । । . , , , , । , , , । . Political Culture : Conception and Definition । । । . - . (G.A. Almond) , ― Page 264 ।‖ (Political culture is the pattern of individual attitudes and orientations toward polities among the members of a political system.) . ,― (Allan R. Bal)- , , , ।‖ (Apolitical culture is composed of the attitudes, beliefs, emotions and values of society that relate to the political system and to political issues.) , ― (Sidney verba) , , ।" ,― (Lw. Pye)- , । ।" (Dennis Kavangh)- ,― ।" , , । . Characteristics of Political Culture ১. (Political idea and attitude) । — . (Political Mirror) । . (Inherent and Psychological expression) । 8. (Affective Orientations or Collection of Political Thinking) । ।- Page 265 . . Public Opinion & Political Culture : Comparison. - . .. . । - Page 266 . . . . . . Relation and Distinction . (Cognitive Orientations) : . - . — . . . । . . ? . . .. . . . . . √ ? . . √ ? . . . . . . . . . . . . ‖— ? √ ? √ . . (MCQ) (√ ) — . . . √ ? √ ― . . . . √ - Page 267 . . . √ . . ? . √ - – √ . √ ? - Page 268 . . — . . . √ ‘– . . ? √ ? . .. . . . . ? . . . . √ ? . . . . . . . √ । . . ? . . iii. ii. . . . . √ ? . . √ ? . — .i . . . . √ ? . . . . . ii - Page 269 . . √ — i. . — √ .. . i. ii . i ii √ — i. ii ? iii √ . iii . - Page 270 . iii. ii. Iii . iii. ii iii √ ” - i. ii iii .i . iii. iii . iii. . i iii . ? ..i√ . ii. i. . Iii . ii. ii. ? . ii iii √ — i. ii. i. । - । ? i. . iii. ১. ii . . । .i . I iii ? i. . . ? ? . . Iii √ . . ‘ . ? . .i . - .? . ? - Page 271 . ? . . iii . I ii . ii.― ‖— । . ii √ . ? .. ? । . । . – . . । . . - Page 272 . । । . . . . . । । . ? . . . । । । . । । . . । ? ? ? ? . . . . । . । ? ? । ? ? ? ? ? .. ? . . . ? । . । . ? । ‘- [ - ] ? । । . . . - ? Page 273 . ? ? ? । । । ? ? । । ? । — ? । — ।' '_ — । । – । । — . । Page 274 . ‖— - . । - ‘— — – ? — . । . (Responsibility) . (Neutrality). (Formality).PUBLIC SERVICE AND BUREAUCRACY . । । । । । । । -১ (Bureaucrat). Priffner and Presthus)- - । . . (Bureaucracy) (Kratein) ' (Bureau) ' ‘ ” ' (Desk) ―Desk Government‖ ” . (Accountability). Definition and Nature । ‘ । Bureaucracy. (Legal and rational model) (Ideal Bureaucracy) (Prof. (Public Service). (Red Tapism). (Training). (Legal & rational model).― Page 275 . (Public Isolation). (Hierarchy). (Skill). (Appointment and Promotion). Bureaucracy : Conception. (Key words): (Bureaucracy). .) . paid and skilled.) .― ” (Bureaucracy is inseparable from the phenomenon of systematic interaction of many persons associated in common and complex terms. । . Apperby) . (Poul. . permanent and subordinate staff. ।‖ (The civil service is a body of officials—permanent. .) . . . H. Characteristics or Features of Bureaucracy – ১. . nonpolitical. . । - Page 276 . ।‖ (The body of the civil servants is an expert. (Hierarchical)। . ― (Prof Finer) .) .― (ogg) . professional. .R3 I‖ (Bureaucracy is the systematic organization of tasks and individuals into a pattern which can effectively attain the end of group effort. । . । . - - । . । । । . . Appointment. । - . Training and Conditions of service of the Bureaucrats . .. । . . (Conditions of service) (Parliament) . Functions of Bureaucracy ১. . (Appointment) (Public Service Commission) (Training) - . . Page 277 . . . । ।. - Page 278 . । । . . Public Isolation and Red Tapism in Bureaucracy . । . . . । . "। Red Tapism' . (Formal)। - . - - (Through Proper channel) . । . . . . — .. । । . - . । . । . । - । . Public Service । । . । . Accountability of Bureaucracy and good governance ( ) । . ‘ । . . । - Page 279 . । । । । । . . । . ― ” . . । . । . . . ‘ । । । . . । . . . . । . Page 280 . . । . . - . (formal) - . । (Red Tapism) । । । (Bad governance) . " The Civil Service in Britain and France .. - - - । - - । . . .. । । । । . - Page 281 . . . । । । . । . । ‘ (a heaven born service) । । । । । . . । . । . . . Bureaucrat Bureau ) ? ? . . √ ? . . . . √ . - Page 282 . . Table Government . √ ? √ . Permanent Government ? . . ? . . Chair Government . Desk Government √ . . Bureaucracy √ . Bureaucraty . (MCQ) (√ । . . - ? . . Mobocracy . . . . . . . . . . . . √ ? . √ ? √ . . ? . √ ? . . .√ . . . √ ? √ . . . . . . ? . ? . . . √ - Page 283 . . . √ - – . . √ - Page 284 . . – . . . . । ? √ . . . √ . √ . ? . . ? . . √ — . . .? √ . . . . √ . . . . . . . .. ii . . ii. ? . √ ? . iii. ? . . . iii. ii. ? √ . .i . . ii iii । ? i.i iii - Page 285 . √ — . . . . .i ii √ . √ ? . i. ? . . . ? . . i ii — i. ii. iii. ii iii √ ? i ii. i.i ii . i. i. ii iii . i ii √ .i . ii . iii . iii. । ১. . ii iii . iii √ .I√ . ? . . - Page 286 . ii iii । ? i. iii.. ii . ? .i . ii . ii. i. . । । . . ? ? ? । – .. . . ? . . । । - . . . ? ? . . . । . . - . । Page 287 . ‘ । . . . . ? ? – ? । . . . । । ? ? । ? । ? - Page 288 . . [ । - ] ? ( ) ? । । । .। . . ? ? . ? । । . । ? . । ? । ‘– . । . ? ? . . । . – । - Page 289 . । — .। ? ? ? । ? ? ? ? ? ? । ? ? – ? – । ? ? ‘– — – . Nation' born" । - Page 290 .PATRIOTISM & NATIONALITY । ‘ ' (People) (Nationality) ' (Nation) . (Nation State). . . । ‘ . ‘ . –। । । (Key Words): (Nation). (Nationality). (Spritual unity). (Language movement) । । । । Nation and Nationality ‗ ' ' Nationality‘ "Nation‘ Natio‘ "Natus ‗Nationality'. (Racial unity). (Patriotism). (Nation State) . Conception and Definition of Nation Nation .― ।‖ (A nation is a nationality which has organised itself into a political body either independent or desiring to be independent. .) . Hayes)- . . ‖ .) (Lord Bryce) . ― (Melver). the - Page 291 . .) . .) (Gilchrist)- . . H. । . ― " (A Nationality by acquiring unity and sovereign independence becomes a nation‖. ‗ । ‘ । । - (one nation-one state) । । ১ . . intensity and dignity. . ― " (Nation is a state plus something else. " (Anation is a body of people who feel themselves to be naturally linked together by certain affinities which are so strong and real for them that they can live happily together. . (J. related to a difinite home country.. ― (zimmern) . .― . ‖ (A nation is a body of people united by a corporate sentiment of peculiar intimacy. are dissatisfied when disunited and can not tolerate subjection to peoples who do not share these ties. ― ‖ . viz. . .state looked at from a certain point of view.) (Renan) . .) . that of the unity of the people organised in one state. (H. । ১ . .) (Prof. . . Zimmern) ." ‖ (The idea of nationality is spiritual in character. Relation between Nation & Nationality ‘ Natio' Natus । - Page 292 ..― " (If a people feels itself to be nationality. " (A portion of mankind may be said to constitute a nationality if they are united among themselves by common sympathis which do not exist between them and any others which make them cooperate with each other more willingly than with other pepole desire to be under the same government and desire that it should be government by themselves. Conception and Definition of Nationality .― (John Stuart Mill)- ‖ (Apolitically conscious people)। . . J.") । ১ .) (Stalin). stable community of language. an act of consciousness.― " (A nation is a historically evolved. . territory. ― ‖ (Nationalism is first and foremost a state of mind. economic life and psychological make-up manifested in a community of culture. it is a nationality. ― .) (Hans Kohn). or a portion of themselves exclusively. Laski). । . . । । । . । + = । + । । । । । . . H.। . . . . Growth of Nationalism . Hayes) ‖ = । . - Page 293 . । (People) । . . । ১ . . . . .― (J. (Common Language. . Page 294 . (Common Race or Racial Unity) . । .. Elements of Nationality ১. - (ethnic minorities) . । । । । . । '। . । ১ . . Literature and Culture): (Fichte) - . Nation State . . ১ . ." . । - Page 295 . . . . (Common Religion) । . . . . । . । . । । (Nomadic Group) । । ." (Burns) ।" . - . Heritage and Culture) - . .. । . । - . (History. । । । । । । . . ।" । । । . . . - - . । . .) (Prof Zimmern) . Determining Policy of Nationality : Cultural and Geographical . ১ .. but a spiritual unity. । - . . - - Page 296 . - . (Spiritual or Psychological Unity) : । . . ― (Prof.― (Renan) . . (Unity of Common Political and Economic Aspirations) । । । । . . । . - . . . . Laski) " (The idea of nationality is spiritual in character) । . . it is a nationality) . । ।" . ― " (If a people feels itself to be nationality. ।‖ (The elment of nationalism is neither biological nor linguistic unity. । . - . । ১ . . . . - . . - . Patriotism ‗ (Conception) . .― ‖ . । । । . ১ . . . .১ Relation between Patriotism and Nationality . . . Page 297 . । . . .. . . . . . - . ‘ - . - Page 298 . .(Nation State) . . . . . ‘ . . - . . . . . . – ? .. . √ . . . ? . . ? √ ‖— . ? √ ? . √ ? . . . . . √ ‘ ? - Page 299 . . (MCQ) (√ ) ‘– . . . . . . . . . √ — . . . . . ? . .. . √ ? . . √ ? √ . . . .) - . . . . . √ ? . . . . . . . . Nationality √ . National . . √ ( . . √ ? . . Nationalism . . Nation ? . Page 300 . √ ? . ? . √ . . . . . . . . .. . . - Page 301 . Natio . . Natus ? √ ? . √ ? . √ ? . . . . . ? √ . . √ . . ? . . √ ? . . . Page 302 . √ ? . i iii √ . - . . . √ ? . . . ii iii – i. . ii. √ ? . . . . ii iii . √ . . ii. . iii. . ii . ? . . . — . . iii. — i. √ . .. . . i. . . ii - Page 303 . i. I ii . ‘ ?- .? .i√ . ? .i . ii ii iii √ । । । । । । ? i.i . i. . iii ii . ? . — i. ii iii √ — i. ii . ii. ii .i . ii. iii. ii. ii iii . i. ii iii . iii. iii. iii √ . । — . . - Page 304 . । । । . . ? । . । ১. ? .. . iii . ? ? ? ? ? । . Natio Natus ? । . । । . . . . . ? - ? . । . .I ii . ? ? । — . [ - । ] ? - ? ? । ? । । Natio ? Natus ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? - Page 305 . . .. ? । . ‘| .‗ ? ? । . ‘ । ‘– . . . . ? ? । ? ? । - ? ? ? ? ? ? ? । . - । । — । । । — । "– । । । — । ? । ‖– । । । ? । ? ‖— । । । - Page 306 . . — ।‗ – - । Page 307 . ? । ? ? ? — । — — . - Page 308 .
Report "Civics and Good Governance by Prof. Md. Mojammel Haque"