CITY MOBILITY PLAN - KOCHI1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Kochi, the largest agglomeration in the state of Kerala is the nerve centre of all commercial activities in Kerala. One of the major ports in the country Kochi is blessed with connection with other parts of the country through all modes of transport like road, rail, air and water. NH 17, NH 47, and NH 49 pass through Kochi. Kochi port is located on strategic International route. Broad gauge railway lines link up Kochi to all major cities of the country. Kochi has got one of the three international airports in the state. In addition to all these the regional road linkages are supplemented by an extensive network of navigation routes through the lagoon system, serving the movement of passenger and cargo. Insufficient carrying capacity of the intra-urban and sub urban routes, unhindered development of vast areas as urban extensions due to urbanization, unscientific planning in urban infrastructure development , absence of proper linkage of various forms of transportation etc. have resulted in an inadequate mobility system in the city and suburbs. As part of the comprehensive development of the city an efficient mobility plan has to be formulated. 1.2 STUDY AREA It was only in the beginning of the 19th century that Kochi , which was situated with in the narrow strip of land sandwiched between backwaters and sea outgrew to Ernakulam in the eastern side of the back waters. The narrow streets of Fort Kochi and Mattancherry were not sufficient to take up the travel demand even at that time. So Ernakulam was established as the administrative centre of Kochi. In 1840 Kochi rulers shifted their capital to Ernakulam. Public buildings and 1 educational institutions were set up in Ernakulam. Roads were laid out and markets were established. Railwys came to Ernakulam in 1905 and gradually rose to an administrative and commercial town. Mattancherry rose to the status of municipality in 1912 and was followed by Ernakulam in 1913. By the beginning of the twentieth century the eastern extension of Kochi city viz. Ernakulam has developed into a crowded urban settlement. By the middle of the 2 KOCHI CDP AREA 3 More over some very important port oriented developments are being planned in the city like Vallarpadam Transshipment terminal.2. Unlike other states in the country distinct boundary between urban and rural area is totally absent in Kerala. LNG terminal at Puduvipe. 1. 1. Five other Muncipal towns included in the region are linked to the city through transportation corridors. are being developed in the new eastern extension of the city. Kochi is the Gateway for all international optical fiber cable networks and so has got an added advantage of becoming an IT hub of India. So the development plan should be laid giving emphasis on the settlement structure of the entire region. Kalamassery Municipality 3. and SEZ at Vypin. Several establishments like Smart city. The current road network and public transport which cannot even handle the present travel demand has to be developed to handle the future traffic demand. By the turn of the last millennium the city has expanded further east including shifting of the administrative centre to Kakkanad.2. Info Park etc.century the expansion of Kochi port by cutting open the sand bar at the sea mouth and forming a deep shipping channel accelerated the development of the city .1 REGIONAL SETTING Kochi region as conceived in the regional development plan was primarily an urban vicinity region delineated to encompass settlements lying with in the primary influence zone of Kochi city. So to address to this burning issue the formulation of a city mobility plan covering the entire urban vicinity region is the necessity of the time.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS The constituent area of Kochi CDP area is listed below. Thripunithara Municipality. The core area of Kochi region is the Kochi City. the SBM of KRL at Vypin. 1. 4 . Kochi Municipal Corporation. 2. 4.700 1. Thiruvankulam 13. Chellanam 1.316 35.421 774 2.746 1. Population 2001 Density per hectare 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kochi Corporation Kalamassery Municipality Thripunithura Municipality Elamkunnapuzha Panchayat Njarakkal Panchayat Mulavukad Kadamakkudy Cheranallur Eloor Varapuzha Thrikkakara Thiruvankulam Maradu 9. Njarakkal Panchayat 6. Thrikkakara 12.927 1.984 21.235 596. Kumbalam 15.869 1.No.573 24. Maradu 14. Mulavukad Panchayat 7.166 22. Cheranallur Panchayat 9.1176 59.2.3 DEMOGRAPHY Table:1. Varapuzha 11.717 41.524 65.881 50.049 1. Kumbalangi 16. Eloor 10.059 1. Name of local body Area in Ha.1 : Spatial distribution of density of population S.488 2. Kadamakkudy Panchayat.842 15. Elamkunnappuzha Panchayat 5. 8.292 1.824 26.563 24.473 63.012 63 23 32 21 12 28 43 25 25 32 21 33 13 5 .166 860 1. 661 36.521 1. 1. The growth of population in the remaining area is expected to be 19% per decade Table 1.233 569.413 2011 618. 1 2 3 Area Kochi Corporation Muncipalities-2 Panchayats-13 Total 2001 596.369.398 165. So the emphasis should be on the travel demand of outer area.669 The present population of the adjoining municipalities and panchayats is less than the population of Kochi Municipal Corporation.252.429.2.348 142.940 1.927 1.750 615.4 FUTURE POPULATION Kochi being the commercial capital of Kerala. and ferry boats operated mainly by private operators.413 17 12 24 35 1.138.138.577 1.760 33. where as the projected population is much greater than the projected population of Kochi Municipal Corporation.002 27.539 2026 648..549 26.2: Projected population of Kochi city S. Autorikshas.025 2021 640.079 1.379 159.14 15 16 Kumbalam Kumbalangi Chellanam Total 2.No.473 123. the population growth in Kochi Muncipal Corporation alone is expected to be 10% per decade. The buses contribute about 14% of the vehicular traffic and carry 73% passenger traffic 6 . A total of about 650 buses are operated on about 160 routes originating from 60 locations scattered all over the city.029 1.360 491.3 TRANSPORT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS The major public transport modes in Kochi are City Buses.000 418.317 1. 3. road giving access to the core area. The main emphasis is on the north south axis with minor roads giving the east west connection. Trunk routes connecting the city are 7 . inadequate road width crossing of railway lines.G road. ROAD NETWORK The road net work is constituted by a broken grid iron pattern. Banerji road and S.A. canals and back waters.The share of cars in terms of vehicular trips is about 38% carrying 15%of the passenger. The lack of accessibility is caused by poor quality of roads. 1. Main roads catering the core area are M. Undue concentration of services is seen in certain areas of the city. Two wheelers contribute 35% of vehicular traffic and 8% of passenger traffic Autorikshaws contribute about 13% of vehicular traffic and 4% of passenger traffic.1. Shanmugham road and Chittoor road running north south and there are only two east west corridors viz. TRANSPORT NETWORK OF KOCHI CITY 8 . Chavakkad and Ponnani through NH 17. Kerala State Planning Board.Ernakulam road.NH 17. Two wheelers constituted the major share of vehicle population in Ernakulam District during the period between 1990 and 2005. Type of vehicle 1989-90 1994-95 20022003 20032004 39874 10931 80448 35511 285221 12937 464922 2004-2005 1 2 3 4 5 6 Goods vehicle Bus/Minibus Car/Jeep/Van 3-Wheelers 2-Wheelers Others Total 12059 2076 24737 6219 44129 2221 91441 15315 5176 37481 17012 165250 1547 241781 36628 9753 71404 33478 283283 12413 446959 43922 12247 91402 37629 326491 13513 525204 Source: Economic Review. and Ettumanoor. From 1990 to 2005 personal vehicles such as scooters/motorcycles and cars recorded a growth of 7. NH 49. Table 1. NH47.7 times respectively. VEHICLE POPULATION AND GROWTH The number of vehicles in Ernakulam District has increased from 91411 in19891990 to 525204 in 2004-2005 showing an average annual growth rate of 13%. The completion of Gosree bridges has converted Vypin road also as a trunk route connecting Kodungallur.3. 1.8 times.2. Buses and mini buses also increased by more than 5.Thripunithura. Kothamangalam –Thripunithura-Ernakulam road. No. 9 .3: Growth of Vehicle Population in Ernakulam District.4 times and 3. 1. Various types of encroachments Absence of proper link roads Unscientific route selection of public transport Absence of bus terminals. Lack of increase in road length to accommodate the increasing vehicular density. Concentration of commercial activities in core area. Overcrowding of old town areas like Fort Kochi and Mattancherry. Uncontrolled increase in personal vehicles due to absence of adequate public transport system. 10 . mid term and long term.3. Lack of awareness of traffic rules by public 1.3. Absence of mass rapid transportation system Absence of integration of different modes of transport. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Majority of traffic problems are concentrated along two east west corridors of the city The city is divided in to two parts by railway line.4 APPROACH The solution to the problem of mobility can be classified in to short term. Improper traffic junctions Chronic parking problems in core areas Absence of pedestrian crossing facilities Absence of bus bays Insufficient carriageway width to accommodate high volume of traffic Narrow bridges and inadequate number of railway over bridges. Education Institutions etc. Road safety measures to roads in the commercial area including providing foot path and drainage. Mid term The city is fast expanding towards eastern side with the establishment of Info park. Some of the issues are already taken up under KSUDP which include: Improvement of junctions including road marking. Upgradation of roads. Long term. independent goods corridors. Providing a mass rapid transit system. So hindrance free roads with adequate carrying capacity with properly designed grade separators at interchanges should be constructed for proper mobility. improvement of inland water transport system etc. absence of bus bays. should be the constituents of long term plan. Export Processing Zone. Quick connectivity to the newly developed IT nerve centers from the city centre is an essential requirement for the smooth functioning of these centers. can be addressed now. terminals. The over 11 .Short term solutions The issues connected with core commercial area like improper traffic junctions. The widening of the existing roads and construction of new roads and flyovers should be taken up in the mid term plan along with proper surface water drainage facilities. providing signals and retro reflective direction boards etc. and pedestrian paths etc. The proposed Smart City will again intensify the development. introduction of a suburban rail traffic system. The city mobility plan should be formulated so as to take up the expected growth of the city with in the next two decades including guiding the growth of the city in a scientific manner. 12 . Ettumanoor. Mass rapid transit system viz. Kottayam and Alapuzha have to be included in the long term plan. Alappuzha in the south and Kodungallur in the north. Thripunithura. Aluva. Angamali and Parumbavoor constituting an agglomeration may be considered in the formulation of long term plan. Eventually the Kochi agglomeration is going to expand up to the major towns of Thrissur in the North east. Kochi Metro which is being formulated by DMRC also should be taken up.al development of the region between Main central road and the Kochin Corporation including the urban units of Perumbavoor.Kottayam. Completion of a circular railway line by connecting Angamali or Aluva to Thripunithura and providing suburban traffic up to Thrissur.in the south east. RITES. KSIDC etc.0 GENERAL Various economic activities such as industry. The Kochi corporation area has been divided in to 66 internal zones corresponding to the ward boundaries of the city.1 SURVEY PRELIMINARIES ZONING SYSTEM The study on the survey regions were divided in to traffic zones for spatial distribution of traffic with in the study region.The screen line locations selected was on 1. KUDP. The area outside the corporation limits have been divided in to 53 outer zones. KTDC. IT and ITES etc are proposed in Kochi development area.SURVEYS 2. Various infra structure development work have been planned by several governmental and non governmental agencies such as PWD. All these activities will attract a large number of people from all parts of the country especially from the neighboring area.1 2. Rapid urbanization of the Kochi city and its influence area will be the result of these economic activities. 2.1. Cochin shipyard. Kochi port. Data available from various studies conducted by agencies like NATPC. For preparation of the mobility plan data available with PWD. were collected. GCDA etc.1. GCDA. DMRC etc were also studied in detail. Mobility plan of the city is envisaged to serve the city up to 2026. Corporation.2 SCREEN AND CORDON LINES Traffic survey details of nine screen line location conducted by NATPAC in 2005 is available for study . Palarivattom on Edappally road 13 . infra structure development connected with port. Two municipalities and the panchayaths falling with in the influence area of Kochi have been included in different zones 2. GCDA. KINCO. on bypass Champakkara Bridge on Thripunithura road Old Mattancherry bridge on Wellington-Matttancherry road Venduruthy bridge on Wellington Island road New Mattancherry bridge on Wellington-Matttancherry road From the traffic volume on these locations Kaloor thodu on Banerji Road recorded the highest traffic volume of 57822 PCU followed by ROB at North over bridge (47827) PCU on Banerji Road and ROB at South (37211 PCU) on SA road. Category wise analysis of traffic movements showed that two wheelers constituted the majority of the traffic on all the screen line survey locations. Near Thodu 8. 7.O. To have on understanding of the volume of intercity passengers and goods movement pattern traffic count at main entry parts of the city located on intercity corridors is essential. Near Kumbalangi bridge 2. 8. Arakkadavu Bridge Name of Road Palluruthy Kumbalangi Road Chellanam road High court Vypin Road Chittoor Road N.On new Mattancherry bridge car constituted the majority of traffic (55%) followed by private bases (14%P). 9.B. Near Bridge 5.1 Name of the location 1.2. Composition of two wheelers in the total traffic ranged from 32% to 59% of whole traffic and that of car ranged from 20% to 37% .O. Kaloor thodu on Banerji road R. 3. 5.H. 47 Bypass Kakkanadu Road Alinchuvadu Thrippunithara 14 . 4. Table 2. Edappally Bridge 7.H. 6. Near GIDA bridge 4.Bon Sahodaran Ayyappan Road R.on Banerji road R. Near Cheranallur 6. The details from survey conducted by NATPAC at the following 11 locations have been adopted in this study. 47 N.B. Near Corporation Boundary 3.O. 194 4.237 7.214 2.414 9.9.616 4.159 17. In addition to this details of survey conducted by RITES during 2000 at 6 outer cordon locations are also available for study which is shown in Table 2.803 PCU 2.473 2.915 8.662 5.H.942 Out bound No 2.477 60.165 23.497 29. H. 47 Table 2.(towards Kottayam) Aluva – Perumbavoor road Inflow 14108 2553 7391 10679 Outflow 13434 1742 7757 10127 Total 27542 4295 15148 20806 15 .062 25.342 2.235 2.603 5.036 10.346 31.705 16.415 16.427 3. Petta Bridge 10. 1 2 3 4 Location N.560 18.May.891 2.212 6.999 3.252 2.533 PCU 2.2 Summary of daily vehicular traffic at outer cordon survey locations In Kochi city In bound Sl.059 5.448 18.979 4.417 39.969 21.023 6.377 12.798 4.242 4.130 13.614 3.427 6.229 21.720 35.345 Source: NATPAC study report .765 1.703 6.234 12.986 31. Aroor old bridge Thripunithara Road N.3 Table 2.807 8.725 4.131 28.233 5.H. Chembaka Bridge 11.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Name of Location Permpadappu Chellanam Near GIDA bridge Near Bridge Near cheranallur Edappally bridge Near thodu Arkkakadavu bridge Petta bridge Thykoodam bridge Edakochi Name of Road PalluruthyKumbalangi road Thoppumpadi to Chellanam road High court to Vypeen road Chittur road NH-17 NH-47 & bypass Kakkanad road Alinchuvadu to Thrippunithura road Thrippunithura road NH-bypass NH-47 No 3.120 16.336 PCU 4.459 5.331 14.062 10.674 3.238 3. 47 Bypass Old N.829 15.977 5.47 towards Alapuzha Puthotta bridge (Kottayam road) Hill Palace jn.571 15.403 Total No 6.3 No.934 37.2006.227 48.159 29. 346 Out bound 222 60 105 1.550 3. 31662 vehicles through Kakkanad Road.062 4.459 4.502 34 109 243 156 168 5.829 28.159 194 99 293 25.293 8.062 5.030 2.763 7.673 262 317 579 181 619 800 7.304 3.227 10.4 Chittoor road at Near bridge In Out bound bound Total 306 317 623 25 23 48 70 109 179 776 700 1.036 NH-17 at Cheranullur In bound 199 77 326 1.330 15.214 239 2. No 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Type of vehicle Private Bus Other Buses Mini-bus/Tempo Car/Van/Jeep Passenger auto rickshaw Two-Wheeler Mat Truck Mini-truck /tempo Goods autorickshaw Bi-cycle Hand cart Bullock cart Others (Specify) Total (No. Total 14851 3678 53260 13708 4354 51122 28559 8032 104382 Analysis of the outer cordon survey locations reveal that a maximum number of 48966 vehicles passed through the survey location at Edappally on NH 47 followed by 35497 vehicles through Pelta on Thripunithara Road. Composition of traffic at three outer cordon points are as detailed in Table 2. 47 towards Alapuzha and Aluva Perumbavoor Road are other points with high volume of traffic. May.655 465 4. 16 .568 1.477 NH bypass and NH-17 at Edappally bridge In Out bound bound Total 811 862 1.059 3.H.H.415 23.950 1. N.17 towards Calicut.977 8.076 458 405 863 2.5% of passenger autorikshaws.4 Table 2.47 towards Thrissur N.165 5.357 15 10 24 156 28 184 178 185 363 407 496 903 4.327 4.342 1.H.254 1. About 41% of the total vehicles passing through the locations were two wheelers followed by 26% of cars 6.159 SI.774 4.068 16.111 36 138 85 147 149 5.5 6 N.195 964 2.475 490 401 891 2.008 8.) Total (PCU) Source: NATPAC study report.131 Total 421 137 431 2.331 60.743 1.603 9.571 48.093 1.441 226 2.613 70 247 328 303 317 10. 2006.986 31. canal. Kochi has a good net work of inland water way system consisting of back Waters. Via Kottayam and to Thrissur. the type of vehicle and the average time taken for a trip will give the characteristics of existing travel demand. A vast road net work served by arterial roads. Kochi port.4 PRIMARY SURVEY 17 . Out of this road net work is the most widely spread penetrating to almost all the accessible points. Kochi is well connected to rest of the country and another part of the world by Air transport through Cochin International airport. water and air. Pedestrians are also an important component of road users. Rail transport system caters mainly to the needs of intercity and goods traffic. Due to various infra structure deficiencies the road net work even though gives access to almost all points fail to cater the travel demand. Via Alappuzha. sub arterial road.2. rail. 2. lagoon and estuaries. one of the major parts in the country is an all weather port very near to international sea route. Thiruvananthapuram.1. The purpose of journey. Railway lines offshoots to three directions from Kochi. It is one of the major air ports in the country. Pedastrian demand also should be analyzed for a clear understanding of the characteristics of travel demand Kochi is served by four dominant modes of transport viz. They are Thiruvananthapuram.1.H.3 SECONDARY DATA CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING DEMAND OF TRAVEL Origin destination survey will give the proportion of bypassable traffic along the major external interaction areas. collector streets and local streets constitute the prime mode of traffic in the city. Air port located in the proximity of two N. Road.s viz. NH 47 and NH 17 is close to Thrissur corporation also. Supply of traffic The modes of traffic catering Kochi city as already mentioned above constitute all mediums. 5 Table 2. Classification of Road The roads in Kochi can be broadly classified in to a) Arterial roads serving as the principal network for though traffic flow accommodating significant intra urban travel and giving connectivity to outlying residential areas and suburban area. The length of road network under various classification is given in Table 2. Type of road Length (KM) Percentage 1 Arterial road 16.63 3 collector street 151.665 63.5 Distribution of road network in Kochi city according to functional classification SI.66 4 Local Streets 392. 18 . c) Collector streets collecting traffic from local streets and feeding to major routes.No.965 100 Source: NATPAC study report. May.4 24.Road inventory An understanding of the extent and quality of road net work in a city is very important to assess its shortfall and propose remedial measures. 2006.75 2 Sub-arterial road 53 8.9 2. b) Sub arterial roads with same functions as that of arterial routes but with a lower level of mobility.96 Total 613. d) Local streets giving access to abutting property and normally having low carrying capacity. 7 Distribution of road network in Kochi City according to right -of-way Road length Sl. SI.939 Total 613.965 Source: NATPAC study report.965 Source: NATPAC study report. May.26 100.00. May.74 88.1 Corporation road 541.887 3 20-30 49. 2006.117 4 20-30 18.6 Distribution of road network in Kochi city according to type of road Type of road Length (KM) PWD road 72.6 Table 2.NO 1 2 11. The length of various types of roads are given in Table 2. Right of way (m) (km) 1 <5 325. distribution of road network according to ROW is shown in Table 2.418 5 >40 5. 2006. Right of Way The right of way of roads in Kochi varies from as low a value of less than 5m to more than 40 m.No.7 Table 2.865 Total 613.604 2 10-20 214.Type of road The roads in Kochi corporation area is owned and maintained by PWD or Corporation. Percentage 53 35 8 3 1 100 19 . 99 Fair 263.355 4.4 1.7 4. Surface type and condition of roads The distribution of road network according to surface type and condition is shown in Table 2.9 No.46 613.9 0.295 52.Carriage way width Carriage way width of almost all the roads is totally insufficient.43 17. Surface type 1 2 3 4 Bituminous Bituminous Cement Concrete Cement Concrete Km % Km % Good 192.2 8. 2006.7 100 20 .5 0.7 28.62 2.02 Total 55.84 5.74 34.9 Table 2.3 56. May.68 81.99 Bad 99.7 100 Source: NATPAC study report.8 Table 2.8 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carriageway width Less than single lane Single lane Intermediate lane Two lane Three lane >Four lane Total Road length (km) 100.05 28.965 Percentage 16.28 47. Distribution as per carriageway width is shown in Table 2.45 100 30.24 91.125 347.6 13. 95 59. Percentage 84 28 72 100 16 100 21 .11 Availability and type of street lighting in Kochi City SI. Street lighting Table 2.10 Distribution of road network in Kochi city according to availability of footpath and drainage facility Availability of footpath Percentage of road length Availability of drain Covered drain Uncovered drain No drain Total Percentage of road length 8 68 24 100 SI.135 Source: NATPAC study report.16 3. 2006.No 1 2 3 Footpath on one side 2 Footpath on both sides 6 No Foot Path 92 Total 100 Source: NATPAC study report.69 100 11. 1 Availability of street Lighting Street light available Fluorescent Sodium vapor Total 2 Not available Total Source: NATPAC study report.22 2. 2006.47 9. May. Foot path and drainage Table 2. May.53 15.21 25.5 6 7 WBM WBM Earthen Km % Km 4.21 2.No.455 16. 2006. May.62 5. 6 10.3 100 Source: NATPAC study report.3 Commercial 97.2 63.37 10-20 47.1 Total 613.8 Mixed land use 67. 2006.6 25.537 11 Public & semipublic 57.45 29.3 34.Abutting land use Table 2.3 Percent age (%) 0 9 24. Table 2.24 20-30 53.297 60.8 1.033 3.008 15.No.8 Others 19.6 162. Speed delay survey Details of speed delay survey conducted by NATPAC in 2005 was studied in detail.1 4.) (Km/Hr) <10 7.12 Distribution of road network in Kochi city according to abutting land use Sl.2 39 21.13 Distribution of road length by peak and off-peak hour journey speed in Kochi city Peak Period Off-peak period Journey Road length in Speed Percentage (%) (Kms. May.975 100 Source: NATPAC study report. Road length in Kms.1 9. 1 2 3 4 5 Length of Type of abutting road (km) Percentage of road Length Residential 373. 0 14.6 39. 2006.55 33 30-40 40.65 >50 2.8 6. The assessment of journey speed gives an idea of the travel time required for access between source and destination.73 Total 162.3 6.01 40-50 10. May.5 100 22 . 1.7 Road length in (Kms.6 162.6 11. 0 12.75 33.9 61.) <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50 6. CLASSIFIED TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT The data available from the traffic volume count is analyzed for the under standing of the volume handled by the road and to assess the requirement of width of carriageway to cater the traffic.1 23.9 19. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Causes of Delays Delay time (sec) Intersection 893 Congestion 419 Railway Level Crossing 250 Stopped vehicle 241 Signal 144 Bus stop 128 Pedestrian 89 Total 2.7 33.5 23 .) 4.7 20.4 22.7 38.7 13.15 Distribution of causes of delays during peak hour in Kochi City SI. May.9 31.164 Source: NATPAC study report.6 38 22.3 100 Total Source: NATPAC study report. Percentage 41. 2006.1 6.14 Distribution of road length by peak and off-peak hour running speed in Kochi city Journey Speed (Km/Hr) Peak Period Road length in (Kms.4 100 162.4 11.45 54.3 Percentage (%) 0 7.8 Off-peak period Road length in Kms. May.1 100 2.6 36.1 7.9 4. Table 2.2 19.6 21.00 4.Table 2.7 5. 2006.30 19. 88 12.68 721 138 859 3.92 223 228 451 1.91 8.199 1.942 81.782 18.24 167 75 242 0.932 100.67 3.334 2.88 9 9 0.91 829 836 1.18 343 126 469 4.085 5.02 Sl.04 37 52 89 0.14 14.04 - 109 50 159 1.728 100 17.649 9.558 19.32 - - 9 6 15 0.420 10.725 8.192 22.173 9.508 343 3.507 2.346 100.No.116 9.827 11.211 25.17 733 450 1.02 - - 62 36 98 0.428 206 1.405 24.115 6.02 11 11 0.797 27.739 15.00 25.00 2 2 0.28 3 6 9 0.316 25.505 163 1.94 8.47 3.649 46.51 580 319 899 4.505 10.08 1.132 38.299 7.967 100.803 8.946 5.Table 2.139 15.012 713 1.989 462 4.24 121 14 135 0.258 23.823 5.26 4 2 6 0.68 6.278 8.503 59.26 394 463 857 7.54 458 290 748 2.08 - - 24 .440 4.674 100 5.651 50.95 106 345 451 0.76 56 150 206 1.24 7.135 14.00 Other buses Private Bus Minibus/Tempo Hand cart Direction Bi-cycle Others (Specify 5 5 0.013 0.1 6.537 7.18 79 71 150 0.40 83 52 135 1.669 37.110 2.81 2.259 18.44 260 450 1.03 - 705 380 1.98 204 184 388 0.059 16.02 286 362 648 6.686 4.308 5.837 3.57 7 1 8 0.183 4.99 178 168 334 0.888 Bullock cart Total (Nos.620 20.48 208 148 356 0.031 2.A road 180 1.12 Willington Island road 123 130 253 0.137 0.29 Banerji road 256 2.332 11.355 6.976 5.18 104 550 654 6.16 Traffic volume observed at Screen line survey points (12 hours) Two-Wheeler Car/Van/Jeep Passenger autorickshaw Goods autorickshaw Minitruckckshaw KSRTC Bus Total (PCU) 5.00 13.57 4.542 18.725 6.08 777 1.854 54.330 12.335 25.083 16.466 23.05 S.08 - 1 50 51 0.595 14.862 47.176 8.84 3.330 16.765 6.) 10.64 25 116 141 0.183 11.37 110 123 233 0. Truck MAT - Old Mattacherry 1 Bridge To Thoppumpady to Kochi Total Composition(%) 2 BOT Bridge To Thoppumpady To Kochi Total Composition(%) 3 ROB-South To Kadavunthura To Pallimukku Total Composition(%) 4 ROB-North To Kacheripadi To Kaloor Total Composition (%) 5 Vonduruthi Bridge To Willington Island To Thovera Total Composition (%) Willingdon-Mattanchery road Willingdon-Mattanchery road 115 778 115 729 230 1.35 114 111 225 0.564 36.77 7. 087 33 196 145 114 466 322 3.553 226 750 1.144 1.003 3.410 13 220 837 1.845 29. 25 .OLD NH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kumbalagi vazhi 380 Thoppumpadi 388 Thevara 253 Pallimukku 489 Jos 534 Madhava Jos Pharmacy 359 Madhava Pharmacy Kaloor 462 Kaloor Palarivattam 494 Palarivattam Edapally Jn 497 Edakochi Kumbalangl vazi Thoppumpadi Thevara Jn Pallimukku 38 914 1765 3412 3724 39 41 98 189 207 73 87 225 121 88 136 242 323 319 819 2.914 2.616 14.813 10.357 33.15. May.603 12.088 241 163 51 15 88 Truck MAT 289 220 369 2 406 529 545 5 150 748 859 142 1.555 43.736 10.833 .489 5 28.534 93 4. No.617 747 378 1.146 6.17 Traffic Volume count (12 hours) on major links in Kochi city Mini-bus/Tempo Others (Specify) Two-Wheeler Car/Van/Jeep Passenger autorickshaw Minitruck/tempo Goods autorickshaw KSRTC Bus Bullock cart Other Buses Total (Nos) Private Bus Hand cart By-cycle Total (PCU) Name of road sections Sl.183 394- II.307 138 83. 1.026 36.13.588 240 1.281 23.032 23.137 388 4.888 .246 1.087 47.399 5.898 418 556 141 901 406 - 1 5.110 6 163 1.319 Source: NATPAC study report.810 36.820 13. 2006.548 7. Ravipuram-BTH-HIGH CORUT -MADHAVA PHARMACY ROAD 1 Ravipuram Jn 2 BTH 3 High court BTH Jn High Court Madhava Pharmacy 333 279 297 4.192 6.873 49.103 5.183 2.244 3 31.827 63.27.594 94 7.953 7.942 7.Table 2.204 3 2 44.057 99 28 124 28 121 261 333 1.186 74 16.670 1.252 6.233 818 1.783 7.623 219 2.096 10.112 288 126 149 2.832 3 40.228 1.509 36.704 57.649 35.178 11.074 4.047 30.492 2.739 3.905 27.558 3.007 17.493 11 135 451 1.410 34.503 12.352 18.176 4.620 15. 2.1.6 INTERSECTION TURNING MOVEMENT SURVEY Traffic at instructions will have great influence on the capacity of urban roads. Assessment of turning movement of vehicles at intersection could be used in the design of intersections, in planning traffic signals and other control devices. Turning movement survey conducted at 39 intersections by NATPAC is studied for the preparation of the report. Table 2.18 Peak hour Traffic volume on major Intersection in Kochi City Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Name Palluruthy Thoppumpady Willington Island Thevara Atlantis Ravipuram Pallimukku Jos Maharaja Shenoys Abad Padma Madava Pharmacy Kacherippady North (Town Hall) Lissie Stock Exchange Kaloor Desabhimani Palarivattom Edappally Byepass BTH Hospital High Court KSRTC South Valanjambalam Manorama GCDA Kadavanthara Vyttila Palarivattam Bypass Peak Hour 08.45 AM TO 09.45 AM 09.15 AM TO 10.15 AM 09.45 AM TO 10.45 AM 03.00 PM TO 04.00 PM 09.45 AM TO 10.45 AM 10.00 A.M TO 11.00 A,M 05.00 PM TO 06.00 PM 10.45 AM TO 11.45 AM 11.00 AM TO 12.00 PM 11.00 AM TO 12.00 PM 03.00 PM TO 04.00 PM 03.00 PM TO 04.00 PM 10.45 AM TO 11.45 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 05.30 PM TO 6.30 PM 06.00 PM TO 06.30 PM 05.00 PM TO 06.00 PM 04.45 PM TO 05.45 PM 05.45 PM TO 06.45 PM 03.30 PM TO 04.30 PM 04.45 PM TO 05.45 PM 03.45 PM TO 04.45 PM 11.00 AM TO 12.00 PM 09.00 AM TO 10.00 AM 10.00 AM TO 11.00 AM 11.00 AM TO 12.00 PM 04.30 PM TO 05.30 PM No. of arms 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 Total Junction volume (PCU) 1,464 2460 2443 3527 4258 5124 4847 5395 5386 3712 3574 4225 3935 5621 6409 6153 6033 6326 4210 4523 7717 2381 3394 4680 1880 4541 4015 6098 4906 3959 8721 7356 Type of traffic control UC UC UC UC UC P S UC S S P S S P S P P UC P S P P S UC UC P P S P S S 26 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Santhi Nagar Kathrikkadavu Thammanam Elamakkara Kalppalandimukku Koovappadam Saudia 05.00 PM TO 06.00 PM 05.45 PM TO 06.45 PM 05.30PM TO 06.30 PM 05.30 PM TO 06.30PM 03.45 PM TO 04.45 PM 03.45 PM TO 04.45 PM 10.15 AM TO 11.15 AM 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2231 3271 1607 992 1278 1199 774 S SUC UC UC UC UC UC Source: NATPAC study report, May, 2006. 2.1.7 ORIGIN DESTINATION SURVEY The intercity passengers and goods movement can be studied with the help of origin destination survey. The details of O.D. survey conducted by Natpac in 11 locations in Kochi have been adopted for the preparation of this report. 2.1.8 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY To study the socio economic and travel characteristics the details available from household travel survey carried out by different agencies have been adopted. A total of 7400 household interviewed in Kochi CDP area representing all traffic zones are available. The socio economic characteristics are enumerated in the tables below. Table 2.19 Household Distribution by size Household size <=3 4 5 6 More than 6 Total No. of Households 2021 2047 1957 998 377 7400 Percentage 27.3 27.7 26.4 13.5 5.1 100 Cumulative percentage 27.3 55 81.4 94.9 100 Source:RITES report August2001 Table 2.20 Distribution of sampled population by age structure structure Table 3.35 Category Age Male % Female % Total % <=5 941 4.8 771 4.2 1712 4.5 6-20 4411 22.5 3874 21.1 8284 21.8 21-35 5724 29.2 5764 31.4 11489 30.3 36-45 3313 16.9 3231 17.6 6544 17.2 45-60 3411 17.4 2901 15.8 6312 16.6 >60 1804 9.2 1817 9.9 3621 9.5 19604 100 18358 100 37962 100 Source:RITES report August2001 27 Table 2.21 Education and qualification Category Male % Female % Total % Uneducated 706 3.6 955 5.2 1660 4.4 Below matric 5.38 25.7 5214 28.4 10252 27.0 Matric 6254 31.9 5893 32.1 12147 32.0 +2 4019 20.5 3415 18.6 7433 19.6 Digree/Dip 3019 15.4 2497 13.6 5516 14.5 P.G 569 2.9 386 2.1 954 2.5 Total 19604 100 18358 100 37962 100 Table2.22 -Occupational characteristics Sex Male Female Total Govt. 1313 6.7 330 1.8 1644 4.3 Pvt. 6646 33.9 1046 5.7 7692 20.3 Business 2764 14.1 92 0.5 2856 7.5 Stud. 4234 21.6 3653. 19.9 7888 20.8 House wife 10795 58.8 10795 28.4 Retired 1157 5.9 294 1.6 1450 3.8 Unemployed 2568 13.1 1377 7.5 3945 10.4 Other 921 4.7 771 4.2 1692 4.5 Total 19604 100 18358 100 37962 100 Source:RITES report August, 2001 Table 2.23 House hold vehicle ownership Vehicles owned None Car Two wheeler Cycle Car& two wheeler Car& cycle Car/ two wheeler/ cycle Two wheeler/ cycle Total House holds 3862 209 1043 1428 234 87 104 433 7400 Percentage 52.2 2.8 14.1 19.3 3.2 1.2 1.4 5.9 5.9 Source:RITES report August2001 Table 2.24 Modal share of passenger Trips Mode Bus Car Two wheeler Auto Cycle Ferry Train Total Home Trips 908563 49568 74865 62365 32186 125729 5284 1258560 Based Percentage 72.19 3.94 5.95 4.96 2.56 9.99 0.42 100.0 Non-home 60840 4647 5356 1377 1488 4900 2654 6205 Based Percentage 74.87 5.72 6.59 1.69 1.83 63.03 3.27 100.0 Trips 969403 54215 80221 63742 33674 130629 7938 133982 Total Percentage 72.35 4.05 5.99 4.79 2.51 9.75 0.59 100.0 28 7 94. Table2.1. 2006. Table 2.0 Source:RITES report August2001 2. May.Walk Total with walk trips 110484 1369044 94. 1 2 3 4 Kilmetere operated/day < 200 201 . 2006. 1 2 3 4 Kilmeter operated/day < 500 500-750 750-1000 1500-2000 Total Percentage of buses 12 19 31 13 100 Source: NATPAC study report.350 Total Percentage of buses 10 14 68 8 100 Source: NATPAC study report.3 6 116688 1456510 8.25 Percentage Distribution of private buses according to Kilometer operated per day S. The IPT is gradually becoming an important mode of the transport system 29 . May. They help to reduce the inadequacy of public transportation system to a certain extent.26 Percentage Distribution of private buses according to Passenger carried per day S.9 PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATOR SURVEY The important public transport system catering Kochi is Bus transport.1.0 100.10 Intermediate public transport system Intermediate public transport system comprises of Autorikshaw.250 251 .300 301 . jeeps. No. No. In cities IPT modes play an important role in the transportation system. 2. vans and taxis. Travel demands of majority of the people in and Kochi is met by Bus transport system.0 6205 87467 5. 362 35511 285. Table 2. No. The necessity of locating and regulating parking spaces for vehicles is major problem in Kochi as in other cities.092 2004 10. Distance operated (Km) Up to 50 51. Haphazard street parking becomes a menace resulting in traffic congestion and consequent reduction in capacity. No.1.31 Kerala State 1 2 Taxi Auto Rickshaw Source: NATPAC study report.11 Parking survey Uncontrolled vehicles growth is a byproduct of urbanization and economic development.11 6. Growth of I PT vehicles Table 2.27 Growth of Intermediate public transport modes in Ernakulam di strict and Kerala State Intermedicate Public Transport mode Ernakulam District 1 Taxi 2 Auto rickshaw Sl. 2006.331 33478 88.of Kochi city as the city is witnessing rapid strides in economic development and hitherto undevelopedareas with limited accessibility.07 6. No.092 Percentage Increase 11.75 76-100 101-150 > 150 Total 1 2 3 4 5 Taxi 31 25 15 13 16 100 Source: NATPAC study report. of vehicles in 2003 9. May. 30 .05 6.28 Percentage distribution of IPT Vehicles according to distance operated per day ( including dead kilometers) Percentage of Ipt Vehicles Auto Rickshaw 22 46 14 10 8 100 Sl. 2. 2006. May.070 285.092 303. Main Market Main Market . No. Due to absence of foot path and railing pedestrian spill over is very high obstructing vehicular traffic and increasing accidents.Global Exchange Total III. 2006.Jew Street Jew street . 31 Total (ECS) 50 176 226 53 98 99 250 99 112 108 319 Goods Auto Mini Truck Mini Bus BI-cycle others Car . Market Road HPO .Canara Canara .12 Pedestrians survey In a country like India pedestrians form a major component of road users. Immanuel . A significant proportion of trips are performed by walk.29 Maximum on-street parking accumulation along other major roads in Kochi city Total ( No.1. Pedestrians vehicle ratio. Pedestrians are the must valuable road users.Commissioner Office Total 0 3 3 0 1 14 15 0 0 2 2 35 109 144 24 23 15 62 57 17 53 127 54 166 220 32 59 54 145 85 163 73 321 0 10 10 18 48 15 81 10 17 16 43 2 3 5 5 31 32 68 4 11 16 31 0 8 8 4 7 13 24 8 7 8 23 4 10 14 13 43 14 70 7 130 11 148 0 0 0 1 0 4 5 0 4 4 8 95 309 404 97 212 161 470 171 349 183 703 Source: NATPAC study report. Section 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 I.Convent Convent . Shanmugham Road High Court to Menaka Menaka to Annie Beasant Park Total II. May.Table 2.Borad way St. of veh) Passenger Auto Two Wheeler S. 2. 30 10.45-9. Road Kakanadu Road Banerji Road Shanmughom road Between Kaloor and Palarivatom MG Road MG Road MG Road NH 47 toward Palarivattom NH 47 Bypass BOT bridge Banerji Road Shanmughom road Shanmughom road Banerji Road Peak Hour 8.45 3.45 4.15-10.00 5.45 5.00 8.00-6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Location Ravipuram Jn South Jn Ground Jos Jn Jos Jn Kacheripadi Kacheripadi Kadavunthara Kadavunthara Vyttila Vyttila Vyttila Town Hall Pallimukku Pallimukku Manorama Palarivattom High Court High Court St.15 6.15-10.45 8.30 5.15 5.00-10. 32 .45-9.15 9. Antony's Church Padma Shenoy Dwaraka Edapally Edapally Thoppumpady Kaloor Boat Jetty Menaka Opposite Cineplex Name of road MG Road Chittur Road MG Road MG Road ( North) MG Road (South) Chitoor Road Banerji Road Kaloor Road S.30-4.13 TERMINAL SURVEY (a) Bus terminal Except for Kaloor and KSRTC bus station terminal facilities are not available at any of the places with in Kochi city and have often parked road side creating traffic problem.30-6.Table 2.15 9.15-4.00 8.45-11.00-10.45-9.30-10. Road S.15-10.30 5.30 9.30 9. Road Bypass Road (Kundanoor side Bypass Road (Edapally side) Thripunithura road Banerji Road MG Road S.30 9.45-9. 2006.45 9.15 8.30 Pedestrian-vehicle conflict at problematic locations in Kochi city Sl.15 9.00 Total pedestrian volume 377 594 293 581 510 566 495 268 370 338 514 721 499 660 1213 725 839 1330 2183 227 562 609 328 528 388 339 1156 614 2479 209 Corresponding traffic volume 4036 2120 4433 3575 4065 1058 3698 1448 2880 4744 5210 3145 5438 4940 1220 4880 3869 3466 4207 5185 3614 3368 3417 3464 5427 1688 5243 3082 4207 2317 Source: NATPAC study report.15 8.45 9.15 5.15-10.30-6. 2.30 8345-9.00-5.00-6.15-4. May.45 3.30-6.00 3.45-5.A.15-6.00 5. No.45 4.1.45-5.30-10.A.30-9.A.45-6.15-9.45 4.00-7. No. No. Piravam.Table 2. Koothattukulam. Vaikkam Piravam Perumbavoor. Eramalloor Poochakkal. 2006.31 Number of buses operated to various routes from KSRTC Station in Kochi Sl. of ordinary buses 6 13 1 4 2 1 27 No. May. May. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Origin Ernakulam Ernakulam Ernakulam Ernakulam Ernakulam Ernakulam Ernakulam Major destination North Paravoor (Via Varapuzha & Pathalam) North Paravoor (Via Kalamassery) North Paravoor(Via. Arookutty.33 Major route and trips of inter-city private buses operated on northern side of Kochi City Sl. Manjummel) North Paravoor(Via. of fast passenger/express buses 11 17 10 2 0 0 18 40 Total buses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cherthala side Thripunithara side Aluva side Cheranaloor side Chellanam side GIDA bridge side Inter State Total 17 30 11 6 2 1 18 85 Source: NATPAC study report. 2006. Muvattupuzha. Keltron Ferry Eramalloor.907 Source: NATPAC study report. of buses No.Total Total No. No. Table 2. Table 2. Arookutty. Pattimattam. of tips 1 Ernakulam 2 Pukkattupady 3 Kakkanadu 85 12 15 112 12 750 90 120 960 75 4 Kakkanadu 5 Ernakulam 148 160 272 744 819 1.779 Source: NATPAC study report. Thalayolaparambu. Keltron Ferry Sub-total Towads Thrippunithura direction Perumbavoor. Origin Major destination Towards Cherthala direction Cherthala. Arookutty Eramalloor. bus route No. 33 . 2006. Thodupuzha Sub . Kootayam. May. Cherai) Munambam Munambam(Via Paravoor) Njarakkal Total No.32 Major routes of inter-city private buses operated from Kaloor bus terminal in Kochi city Sl. of buses 40 2 16 96 29 6 17 206 No. of trips 320 12 96 864 290 36 289 1. 2006. 1 2 3 4 Purpose Truck I.35 14.02 100 1 2 3 4 0.1 54 2744 2897 567 6262 23.34 13 922 1296 273 2504 3.EMPTY Internal to Internal Internal to Internal External to Internal External to Internal Total Percent 652 16990 22584 22.28 35 1067 604 385 2088 34.34 Distribution of goods vehicle trips through outer cordon points according to pattern of movement in Kochi City.33 10 845 997 349 2201 36.48 Vehicle Mini-truck Goods auto 52 5206 7224 3.379 62.42 37 3156 3950 1547 8690 33.65 42.66 21.89 28.95 100 1 2 3 4 0.605 77.TOTAL Internal to Internal Internal to Internal External to Internal External to Internal Total Percent III. Table 2.05 22. TOTAL TONNAGE Internal to Internal Internal to Internal External to Internal External to Internal Total Percent II.77 50 2350 3694 2994 9088 45. Percent 717 23118 31104 25858 80797 100 176 9314 11145 5493 26128 100 124 6700 8641 4606 20071 100 52 2614 2504 886 6056 100 0.97 47 2039 1994 414 4494 22.16 41.63 100 Source: NATPAC study report. No. Sl. Goods terminal Even though more than 26000 trips carrying about 87000 of various types of goods are transported every day through Kochi a proper goods terminal is absent in the city.206 15688 19. On an average 60.18 Total No. 2.5 32 100 1 2 3 4 0. May.86 43. VEHICLE TRIPS .39 7 705 903 152 1767 29.61 38.LOADED Internal to Internal Internal to Internal External to Internal External to Internal Total Percent IV.000 foreign and 700.(b). Most of 34 .26 27 2311 2953 1198 6489 32.48 85 3414 4298 3379 11176 42.67 35.14 TOURIST MOVEMENT Kochi is blessed with numerous places of tourist interest.62 33.38 43.1. VEHICLE TRIPS .000 domestic tourists are attracted to Kochi every year. VEHICLE TRIPS . 33 100. Water transport would be a comfortable and attractive mode transportation for Tourists.33 19.00 Source: NATPAC study report.35 Number of days of stay Up to5 6-10 >10 Total P. May. 35 . 2006.33 5. 129 of Rites Torist groups 226 58 16 300 Percentage 75. Table 2.the tourist locations are connected by road and water. 36 . 1 OUTER CORDON Analysis of volume count at outer cordon survey locations reveals that a maximum number of 48986 vehicles entered or exited the city through Edappalli Bridge on NH 47 followed by 35.1 DAILY TRAFFIC 3. TRAFFIC ANALYSIS 3.662 vehicles through Kakkanad Road.0 GENERAL For preparation of the city motility plan first the details and findings available in surveys conducted by various agencies have been listed out in the previous chapter.2 SCREEN LINE From the analysis it is seen that Kaloor Thodu on Banerji road recorded the highest traffic volume of 57822 PCU followed by R. Out of the 11 survey locations 4 locations showed total traffic count of more than 20000 PCU.B at North over bridge on SA road (37211 PCU) Composition OF two wheelers ranged from 32% to 59% while that of car from 20 to 37. Thripinithara Road. 37 .000 PCU.1. 3. Out of the 9 screen line survey points the total PCU was less than 20000 at only two points. 497 vehicles through Petta on Thripunithara road . About 41% of the total vehicles were two wheelers followed by 26% of cars ad 6.O.5% of passenger autorikshaws .31. In this chapter an analysis of the findings of the surveys are done to assess the deficiencies and to have an understanding on the area requiring improvement 3.3.1. But only two roads have 4 lane carriage way to accommodate more than 20. NH bypass and Kakkanad Road require more than 6 lane carriageway. 3 VARIATION OF TRAFFIC The morning peak hour traffic ranges between 7.1.3. 3. The evening peak hour traffic is 7. In the case of off street parking the highest accumulation was along Banerji road (500 ECS) followed by MG road (494) and SA road (409).4 PEDESTRIAN SURVEY Based on the analysis of the data it is found that peak hour pedestrian traffic crossing at major locations ranges form 209 to 2479.25 to 9. The peak hour traffic in almost all the junctions of M.65% of average daily traffic.2 PARKING SURVEY To study the accumulation of parked vehicles on road sections the details of parking surveys conducted on major roads was analyzed. 3.A road (456).G.Ravipuram and Manorama.1. The maximum right turning traffic is observed at Pallimukku (3232) followed by Edappally (1794) .1. Road. Banerjii Road. 38 .1 TURNING MOVEMENT SURVEY Analysis of traffic details of 34 junctions reveals that maximum peak hour traffic is at Vyttila (8721) followed by Edappally (7717) and Palarivattom (7356).34% of average daily traffic.21 to 8.3. The highest on-street accumulation takes place on MG road as 880 equivalent car spaces (ECS) followed by Banerji Road (589 ECS) and S. SA Road and bypass is more than 3500 PCU. 3. North Edappalli Bridge on NH 47 recording the highest. It is also found that peak hour traffic is observed high at Menaka (2479) on Shanmughan road followed by high court on Shanmughan road 2183) and Banerji road (1330).1.3. 5 ROAD NET WORK INVENTORY The share of arterial roads in the total road net work in the city is only 2. while 56. 39 .13.70% have two lanes with shoulders and 4. Where as the sub arterial roads is about 9%.53% of the total roads in Kochi are of local street category having a right of way of less than 5m. Local streets forms the major part of the road network.1. 5% concrete surface.3 % of the roads have less than 3m carriage way.6% have single lane carriage way of 3. 6% are retired and 13% unemployed.5m two less 0. 3. 72. 90% of the roads have bituminous surface.10 (11. Male female distribution in all categories is almost equal. Of the total population 79% have studied up to higher secondary. The data collected from the inventory show that in Kochi 16.5 respectively.5m .2% have intermediate lane of 5. Out of the total population members in age group of 6-20 years and 21-35 years constitute 22% of 30. 8. 35% of roads in study area of collector road category and have a right of way of ranging and 5 to 10. 3% WBM surface and 2% earthen surface.26%) by corporation .75%. 20% students and 14% engaged in other occupations.939) of the roads in Kochi city have ROW more than 40m.6 HOUSE HOLD SURVEY From the analysis of details available it is seen that 45% of the house holds have more than 5 or more members in the house.1.5m. Hardly 1% of the roads (5. Out of the total length . The occupational structure of the house hold show that 59% females are housewives.74%) is owned by PWD and 541.865 (88. Among males about 41% constitute the working class 14% are employed in business sector and about 22% are students.3.7% more than four lane. 8% of the roads are of sub arterial category having ROW ranging from 10 to 20m. The low vehicular traffic along NH 17 is due to the hindrance created by the level crossing at Edappalli. About 15% of the trips are of more than 1 hour duration.1. Maximum vehicular density is observed onNH47 at Edappally ( 6015 a PCU) towards Thrissur (37915) and towards Alapuzha closely followed by Thripunithura road leading to Kottayam and Moovattupuzha and Kakkanad Road 29979 PCU. 3. but the construction of a bridge connecting NH47 at Edakochi will increase the traffic at this point rejuvenating the old route to Alapuzha and will release the traffic congestion along SA road and Bypass.The mode wise analysis of travel time shows that among the bus trips about 10% trips take up to15 minutes .7 ORIGIN DESTINATION SURVEY Traffic Intensity of intercity traffic is assessed from the details available from the inflow and outflow of vehicular traffic at major roads connecting Kochi to other cities. The construction of a wider alternate Vypin Road will increase the traffic along Vypin road forming shorter alternate route to Kodungallur. 40 . The traffic density at Edakochi is only 8345 PCU. 31% trips take 15 to 30 minutes and 28% trips are of 30-45 minute duration. 1 BASE YEAR TRAVEL DEMAND MODELLING RITES have conducted a study to assess the travel demand of taking the base year as 2001 and horizon year as 2021. 4. rail and ferry facilities available at present.4. TRAVEL DEMAND MODELLING AND FORECAST 4. 4.traffic zones inside the corporation and balance in adjoining Panchayaths and Municipalities.0 GENERAL The data base for land use transport model has been collected form the earlier studies carried out for the Study area. Number of links Number of road nodes 356 252 41 . The base ear network had the parameters as follows.3 TRANSPORT NETWORK DATA The transport Network considered for the development of model has been the integrated transport network of road. The proposed transport network has been developed by considering the anticipated road network. rail network and rail based MRT system etc. The study has been conducted in 50.1 LAND USE DATA The base year land use data in terns of zonal population and basic educational other employments used for calibration are shown below: Population Basic Employment Educational Employment Other employment 1905797 237002 8696 384192 4. 84 lakh 42 . educational and other trips.4 TRAVEL DATA The trip matrices available are work. population has been found to move within urban area or in the vicinity.5 STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS The one year information and the structural parameters obtained for the model are as below Total population Total employment Total basic employment Total educational employment Forecast for GCDA The population and employment are likely to show a shift in location in a period of 10 to 20 years. These matrices used as observed data derived from surveys day 2000.37 lakh 3.70 4. The trip summary is a detailed below. having educational and job related advantages.41 19. 19.46 19.30 2. For better accessibility.Number of rail nodes Number of WT nodes 13 15 4. Work trips Education Other trips Total trips Mean walk trip length Mean education trip length Mean other trip length 818559 400831 149653 1369043 20.06 lakh 6. 33 0.A.07 0.45 0.road Edappalli NH 17 Thammanam -Pulleppady NH bypass-Vyttila NH bypass-Kundanoor Vypin Kakkanad Kallor-Kadavanthara Edakochi P.and IWT)for horizon year of 2021.41 0.78 1.6.23 2.31 3.Petta Vyttila-Petta Thripunithura-Vaikom 2000 2. Other Total Non based home Intra city Intercity Total 2000 2011 2021 818559 1155500 1564100 400831 555600 756800 149653 311100 454100 1369043 2022200 2775000 116520 181998 277500 1456510 2204198 3052500 251600 352672 488400 1708110 2556870 3540900 4.17 1.Road Shanmugham road Banerji road NH 47 Bypass NH 47-Kalamassery S.1 to 0.58 1.07 .29 3.22 3.Jacob M.03 4.92 1.A.44 4.84 1.65 1.85 0.1: Projected purpose wise Trip ends Year Work Edn.41 0.73 1.28 3.59 2.77 0.46 0. The traffic concentration on the corridors indicate that the road links and IWT links are in the range of 0.02 2.2: Daily Passenger Traffic at various road sections in lakhs No.84 0.road Wellington Island Angamali-Perumbvavoor Wellington Island.61 0.68 0.9 lakhs and 0.71 3.85 0.75 4.49 2021 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Section M.89 1.6 0.15 1.77 0.74 43 .32 1.96 0.20 0.T.67 1.95 0.13 1.89 0.92 1. rail.87 2.4 passenger trips respectively Table 4.45 1.26 0.11 1.62 2.46 0.29 1.61 0.6 TRANSPORT DEMAND FORECAST Table 4.12 1.35 2005 2.12 0.69 0.26 0. (road.27 1.04 0.02 0.91 1.3 0.69 0.49 0.5 1.93 0.44 0.35 1.41 2011 3.31 0.21 0.77 1.09 2.91 0.18 1.48 0.95 3.G.15 0.4 0.33 0.85 2.2 0.6 0.1 DAILY TRAFFIC Daily traffic in the study area has been assigned on the integrated mass transportnet work.14 0.4.24 2.46 2.62 2. unorganized commercial activities. • • • Historical evolution and expansion of the city Projected to travel demand of the various corridors Identification of the future nerve centers and provision of unhindered access to these nerve centers.1.5. The over crowding of the port area forced the expansion of the city towards East on the mainland converting Ernakulam as 44 . 5.1 HISTORIC The present Kochi city is the offshoot of a small port town established in Mattanchery during the 14th Centaury. But due to high density of population.0 GENERAL Road network forms the most widely spread infrastructure of a city since it can act both as integration with various forms of transport as well carrier of intercity and extra urban transport system. A road network plan to cater the projected travel demand of the horizon year need be planned taking the following factors also in to consideration.1 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR TRAVEL CORRIDORS 5. the widening of existing over congested routes and construction of new roads will be very difficult. From the traffic analysis and projected travel demand a city mobility plan can be chalked out with scientifically planned road network system. high cost of land acquisition etc. PROPOSED ROAD NET WORK PLAN FOR KOCHI 5. the administrative and commercial Centre. The partially planned Ernakulam has become over crowded by the fall of the last Centaury. Now Kakkanad portion situated further east already converted as the administrative centre is gradually maturing to the new generation IT and ITES business Centers. All the traffic projection based on usual land use methods will be baseless due to the spontaneous development of the area due to the formulation of mega projects like Smart City and Info Park. The adjoining areas are already under the clutches of unscientifically planned real estate boom. It took nearly five centauries for the saturation of Fort Kochi and Mattancherry and to get congested forcing the rulers to shift their headquarters to Ernakulam due to the slow pace of development and urbanization in the middle ages ,while it took only about 150 years for Ernakulam to get saturated due to quick urbanization. At this rate due to the rapid urbanization of the 21st centaury Kakkanad and its surrounding are will be saturated with in three decades and so an integrated master plan for this area has to be formulated to face this eventuality. 5.1.2 FUTURE NERVE CENTERS. The identification of the future nerve centers attracting commuters in large numbers is the prime Factor factor in planning of the city Mobility Plan. The future nerve Centers will be based on commercial, Industrial and tourism. Port connected developments like Vallarpadam Transshipment Terminal, LNG Terminal at Puduvypin will provide a large number of employment opportunities 45 with allied industries and enabled services. Kakkanad area which is fast developing as the IT hub of the state has already started attracting business firms. From the projected travel demand it can be seen that the present central business district area adjoining MG Road will still be the commercial centre in the horizon year also. A large number of foreign and domestic tourists are visiting the city every year. The main tourist st attraction being around Willington Island and Mattanchery. 5.1.3 PORT CONNECTED ACTIVITIES The following development projects are envisaged in the port area of Kochi. 1. International Container Transshipment Terminal. 2. L.N.G Regasification Terminal 3. International Bunkering Terminal 4. International ship repairing complex 5. Crude oil storage facilities 6. International Cruise Terminal 7. Port based special Economic Zone. All these projects costing around Rs. 7000 cores will be in operation before 2012. Infrastructure support planned for the future development include the following projects. 1. 2. 3. National highway connectivity Rural Connectivity Coastal road between Vypin and Kalamukku. 46 5.1.4 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE CITY . The proposed commercial and industrial future development projects include the following. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Info Park Smart City Expansion of existing chemical plant at Kalamassery. Expansion of aluminium extrusion plant. Petrochemical complex at Ambalamughal Planning should be done at this early stage itself to give access to Kalamassery, Kakkanad etc not only form the city Centre but from all parts of Kerala. The existing connectivity available to these future nerve Centers are through bypass, NH49 to Moovattupuzha and Seaport Airport road passing through the Centre of this area. Info Park authorites are planning to construct new approach from the seaport Air port road to InfoPark area. A comprehensive plan has to be chalked out for this area giving connectivity to M.C. Road, Aluva Munnar Road and increasing the number of connectivity to Seaport Airport Road. A suburban Railwayline connecting Aluva or Angamali to Thripunithura and ultimately south junction forming a ring rail system will help the mass rapid transit through the city. 47 Shanmugham road.Bs. M. Road and Chittor Road. improving drainage facilities etc have been 48 . the only connection to the eastern part of the town due to large volume of traffic and presence of intersections at close intervals. The main infrastructure deficiencies in this area are • • • Insufficient carriage way width Insufficient on street and off street parking facility Absence of good quality link roads connecting the three major corridors Viz. up gradation of inter section by providing islands and road markings. Short term measures of providing foot paths.5 CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS From the study of the travel demand after two decades it can be seen that the importance of MG Road and surrounding area as the Central business area will not be reduced.5.G. • The presence of railway line dividing the city into two due to absence of R.O. The already congested narrow roads and unscientifically constructed intersections in addition to the lack of parking spaces and buss bays will make this area immovable in the future.1.. • Over saturation in SA road and Banerji Road. O. Construction of fly overs at select locations on Shanmugham road. 5. improvement of intersections including construction of grade separators at intersections.O.B Widening of R. Medium term measures include widening of the corridors. Major infrastructure development works proposed are • • • Early completion of link roads and R.O.6 TOURIST CENTERS The main tourist attractions of the city are concentrated in Willington Island . Construction of Edakkochi bridge connecting Edakochi to NH 47A and construction of a high speed corridor along the old NH giving an alternate route to the southern districts bypassing the busy central commercial area.A road and Banerji road. construction of new R.1.taken up under KSUDP Scheme.O. • • Construction of on street and off street parking facilities.B. Construction of Vypin Road bypassing the heavily built up area Construction of Edakochi Bridge 49 . construction of a high speed corridor to Airport. Mattanchery. The main infrastructure development projects to be taken up include • • o Extension of Shanmugham road connecting NH. Banergi road and SA road. Vypin and the back water side of Ernakulam.B. Fort Kochi. etc. Construction of pedestrian subways. Cosntruction of jetties with aesthetic appearance.Bs on S. Bolgatty Island. introduction of sophisticated inland Water transport vessels. widening of R. On either side of the road land use is commercial. 50 .These are the main junctions where substantial right turning movement is noticed.5. Fort Kohi and Mattancherry. At Pallimukku. network inventory and speed delay surveys in addition to guiding the future traffic in an orderly manner.7 CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES. 2. Medium term measures proposed include construction of fly overs 1.G. ROAD CORRIDOR M. 5. by passing Ravipuram junction . The identification of major travel corridors were done after analyzing the projected traffic volume. Road is the spine of the city connecting the two main east west corridors of SA road and Banerji Road and extending to Wellington island . thus causing frequent stoppages On street parking reducing the effective carraige way Absence of bus bys Short term measures proposed in this corridor in KSUDP are traffic improvement programs. At Jose Junction In addition to this widening of the road beyond Pallumukku including the improvement of RUB has to be taken up.8 M.1.1. Major traffic moment is straight. Main problems are • • • Inter section spacing close by.G. The traffic Valume in this road is the maximum in the city. North R.shore road to be examined.9 BANERJI ROAD Banarji road connects the high court to the by pass passing though MG road.1. Kaloor. 5.B.A. relieve the congestion of the 1.1. One of these remedial measures from the three options proposed to corridor can be adopted. Palarivattam and Edappaly. The improvement measures recommended are • • Widening of South R. Road This is also one of the busiest roads in the city requiring 6 lane carriage way.B Construction of a fly over at the road towards for. Construction of a two tier road starting from By pass junction and ending at Shanmugham road there by providing a high speed corridor to intercity traffic giving quick access to Airport .5.providing access to MG road and Chittoor road and with no intermediate entry points 2. 51 . Chittoor Road.O. Construction of flyover by passing the adjacent junctions of Kacheripady and Madhava Pharmacy 3..O. It connects the CBD to residential areas on northern parts in addition to the international Air Port. Widening of North over bridge and extending it up to Madhava Pharmacy junction.10 S. Construction of Edakochi bridge and providing a easier outlet from the city by rejuvenating the Old NH.Widening required and geometric improvement 6 7. is taken up under N.H. 49 .H.P.D.H.Widening and geometric improvement required Completion of 2nd phase of Seaport Air port Road Construction of new road corridor connecting MC road.1.D.47 – Improvement of N. Fort Kochi and Edakochi.11 NH 47. The mobility improvement measures recommended are 1. 9. is taken up under N. Intercity corridors to be improved are 1 2 3 4 5 N.12 IMPROVEMENT OF INTERCITY CORRIDORS. 8.H.5.1.H. N. 5. NH 47A & NH 49 NH 47A should be projected as the easiest access to Wellington Island.Realignment of the road is essential Vypin road -Realignment of the road is essential Extention of Shnmugham Road . 17 N.Improvement of N.H. Thripunithura Road.P. Extension of the viaduct including construction of a fly over at Kundannur Junction 2. Construction of Edakochi Bridge and rejuvenation of Old NH 52 .H. . Kundanoor 7. Road and one on Banerji road are also found necessary which may be examined in detail. streamlining.N. 53 . providing signalling system etc.5.2 INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES Almost all the junctions in the city on main corridors are handling huge volume of traffic.G. As short term measures improvement of geometrics. About 12 junctions are now taken up under KSUDP for improvement. Junction at Thripunithura 8. Palarivattom 5. S. 2. Fly over at NH 47 (Thammanam Pulleppady Road extension-sea port Air Port road.) 9. Seaport air port road Near Collectorate. Two flyovers in M. As medium term measures streamlining the traffic at intersections by providing grade separators are to be resorted to. 1. can be resorted to. Subway on NH 47 at Cochin University junction. Under JNNURM fly overs are proposed in the following locations. Subway at Menaka with connection to Broadway 3. Vyttila 6. Edappally 4. D. 1. 8.B. 7. Kaloor Kacheripadi Menaka Thoppumpady Jos junction Fort Kochi Kadavanthra Boat Jetty 5. 3. 4. S.1 PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users with practically no facilities. 3. 2. Road M. 4. 5 Centres arer identified in the JNNURM Scheme. In addition to these parking facilities are proposed in peripheral area.5. 6.G.2. They are: 1. Pedastrian crossings are proposed at identified location where high pedestrian movements are noticed.Road Chittoor road Marine drive Banerji road 54 .2 PARKING FACILITIES Under JNN URM multi level parking facilities are recommended at 11 locations in the C.A. 5.2. 5. 2. 4 BUS TERMINAL Since bus traffic acts as integration with different modes of traffic bus terminal facilities should be provided near terminals of other modes of traffic.2. Vyttila 2. Kaloor –Kadavanthara road Kaloor NH 47 Bypass Thoppumpady Fort Kochi Palarivattom 5. Edakochi 55 . 11. bus bays and waiting shelters. 8. 7. 10. 5. The main deficiencies experienced by the bus transport system are absence of bus terminals. Kakkanad 3.6. 15 Mofussil bus terminals are proposed under JNNURM. Thripunithura 4. They are: 1.2. Bus traffic also acts as integration with different modes of traffic. The existing two terminals for long routes situated in the CBD should be relocated outside the CBD near NH Bypass to reduce the number of Vehicles plying inside the CBD.3 BUS TRANSPORT Bus transport forms a prominant part of the public transport system. 9. Mattancharry 10. Perumpadappu 9. Maradu 5. South Rly.Stn.5 RESCHEDULING OF BUS ROUTES. The bus routes originating from Fort Kochi and Mattanchery with destination to Northern and eastern part of the district should be diverted through NH 47 utilizing the proposed terminals at Kundanoor and Edappalli. Vypin 15. Chellanam 13. Now the scheduling of the buses are in such a way that all the intercity and intracity buses are passing through the Central business district. Kumbalangi 11. Identification of new bus routes relieving the intensity of traffic in commercial area should be done utilizing the available traffic carrying capacity of other roads including NH47A. Palluruthy 12.5. 14. Kalamassery 7. Fort Kochi 6.3 INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT Intermediate Public Transport system is widely used as mode of transport taking the passengers to the remote corners which are inaccessible to public transport 56 .2. High Court 8. 5. Thoppumpady Beach road. 5. 6. Thoppumpady Mattancherry road. Palarivattom Vyttila road 3. improvement of junctions and road safety improvements.4.system. 4. -4km. All cross roads between MG road and Chittoor road. M. -4km.G. A.road –Desumannur to Madhava pharmacy Jn.1 SHORT TERM MEASURES Several short term measures have already been taken up to improve the traffic system in Kochi. Upgradation 1. The list of works included in KSUDP are listed below. -600m 57 . 5.4 IMPROVEMENT MEASURES TAKEN UP AND PROPOSED. 2. Inter mediate public transport system can be used as stage carriers n the crowded narrow streets of Fort Kochi and Mattanchery 5. 7. Mary Church to NH bypass. M. Palarivattom road linking St.G. Improvements to priority roads 1. SA road 3. B. 1. Other major roads. The nature of the projects taken up under Kerala Sustainable Development Programme include upgradation of roads. Chittoor road. road –Edappally road 2. DH road. Station 2. Upgrading Karshaka road linking eastern side of south Rly. 9. 3. In the medium term measures it is recommended to improve all these roads and under road fund board 16 roads in this area have been identified for improvement including widening of carriageway with geometric improvement. 10. Twin carriageway bridge over canal on SA road D. MEDIUM TERM MEASURES. Judge Avenue 8. Padma 5. Kathrakadavu Jn. Banerji road and SA road are huge and beyond their capacity. Medium term measures recommended are the rectification of deficiencies in the road network of the city.Kaloor Jn. 9. Madhava Pharmacy. 5. 7. More over recently the area between NH bypass and railway line has grown in to a crowded urban extension necessitating improvement of the NH Bypass and its link roads to the city. Stadium link road to connect Thammanam Pullepady road 2.M aharajas Jn.4.Jose Jn. 10. The major North south corridors are connected with several narrow link roads. TD road and Church landing road. 2. 12. SAroad with Kaloor Kadavanthara road. New Infrastructure. The road network of the central area is of broken grid iron pattern. 6. The traffic along the two comparatively wide roads viz. Major 58 . 4.Kacheripady. C. 1.5km. Park Avenue with Hospital road. Hospital road.Pallimukku. providing grade separators at intersection and construction of ROBs at level crossings. 11. 1.8. Manorama Intersection.2. Mullassery canal road. Junction Improvement 1. 11 parking areas. connecting Thrissur and Alapuzha.3 LONG TERM MEASURES The Kochi agglomeration is going to expand up to Thrissur.reconstruction and widening of bridges etc. radial roads constructions of roads for new connectivity etc. major high speed road corridors are to be envisaged for the better mobility. NH 47 and NH17 are included in the development programme of NHDP Phase 3. The roads listed in the above paragraph are the major travel corridors or arterial and sub arterial roads.10 fly overs.road. 5.C. 34 nos of secondary roads. The completion of Gosree bridges have opened a new inter city corridor. The improvement of link roads. 42 km of internal ring road. construction of ROBs . Croad and Aluva Perumbavoor road are to be taken up under long term plan. NH49 connecting Munnar and Ettumanoor road connecting Kottayam and Vaikom. 17 km of ring road. ring roads. 59 . 55 bridges.4. First a long term master plan has to be formulated for Kochi taking in to account the entire area. The old NH through Edakochi is still used by the residents of Mattancherry as easy connectivity to the southern part of the state. 15 bus terminals 4 truck terminals.NH17 connecting Kodungallur and Calicut. and 5 peripheral parking areas are recommended for taking up under medium term measures. Construction or improvement of 35 km of ring road. For better mobility the internal areas are to be connected to these travel corridors. Kottayam and Moovattupuzha and M.trunk routes connecting Kochi to other cities and other parts of the country are NH47. All these roads require improvement of widening carriageway . Since the number is very large this can be taken up in stages. The improvement of other roads including construction of Edakochi Bridge has to be taken up. construction of fly overs at busy inter sections . have to be taken up for the completion of a proper Network. New connectivity to M. Details of road projects proposed by Road Fund Board 60 . Kochi City has the benefit of two major railway stations viz. Out of the 46 pair of Express trains.91 lakh passenger trips 61 . The track towards Kottayam as well as Alappuzha has only single line track without electrification.. 21 pair of trains is operated on daily basis and 25 pair of trains on weekly trains. 5.1 DETAILS OF TRAIN SERVICES At present. as maximum number of trains touch this Station. Thiruvananthapuram-Shornur railway line has double track and electrified facilities between Ernakulam and Thrissur. 5. They are the Thiruvanathapuram-Thrissur railway line via Kottayam and the railway line from Ernakulam to Kayamkulam via Alappuzha.Ernakulam Town (North). The total railway track length within the City limit is 28 Km. On an average 16 goods trains are operated daily through Ernakulam City. and Ernakulam Junction (South). It was found that about 51. There are 46 pairs of Express trains and 24 pairs of passenger trains operated from rnakulam City. Ernakulam South station handles about 65% of traffic generated from the city and the rest is handled by Ernakulam North station.2 PASSENGER AND GOODS MOVEMENT A large number of inter-city passengers travel to and fro from the city from South and North Railway stations in Kochi City. The passenger traffic during the year 2005 was estimated from the sales of daily and season tickets sold from these two Railway stations in Kochi City.5. Kochi city is connected to major urban centers in the State as well as to the up-Country destinations through two major railway lines.5 RAIL NETWORK Rail transport system caters mainly to the needs of inter-city passenger and goods traffic. Of these two stations Ernakulam South is the most frequently used.5.5. Earnings Season ticketsNos. of which the share of South railway station was 66 per cent.were originated from the South and North Railway Stations.1 No.1 shows the sale of daily and season tickets and the estimated originating passenger traffic from these two railway stations in Kochi City. Table 5.Station 181903 182107 198828 189228 200158 183095 147406 156503 191551 194083 192857 242406 2260125 11776421 10801056 12121184 12121184 13347144 10725850 9723380 10131409 11399334 11395878 12131151 15103254 4410 4575 4610 4610 4788 4638 4915 5053 4795 5091 4925 5216 270765 275805 895798 895798 890235 924370 917125 927345 901140 937240 885875 958860 10876718 270765 275805 291014 282120 296636 276551 246443 258321 288170 296667 292096 347508 3422095 138944129 57666 62 . Month Daily tickets-Nos. Earnings Total originating passenger traffic A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 South January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Rly. Table 5. Total Rly. Earnings Total originating passenger traffic A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 North January February March April May June July August September October November December Total G. Month Daily tickets-Nos.No.Station 108611 85196 94012 118219 123801 109630 107256 113765 115704 113601 85102 135567 1310464 3570589 6314895 444232 4593655 6112685 6380556 5327829 5599844 5920263 5934173 5789897 5848820 7145677 69412526 1967 1747 1946 1574 1719 1897 2002 2067 1767 2035 1988 2043 22752 441360 389775 430920 427895 406320 430145 448585 453490 417385 451880 293090 481290 5072135 15948853 148246 120398 133224 149935 158439 147855 147596 155415 151309 154606 125160 176733 1768917 5191012 208356655 80418 The goods traffic in Kochi was handled at Eranakulam Goods Yard and at Kalamasserry Good shed.5. The older parts of the city are located on the 63 .3 RAILWAY OVER BRIDGES AND LEVEL CROSSINGS The Thiruvananthapuram-Thrissur railway line passes through the heart of Kochi city dividing it into two parts. 5. The data collected from the above stations showed that on an average about 86 MT and 518 MT of goods were handled at the Goods Shed at Eranakulam and Kalamasserry. Earnings Season ticketsNos. These ROBs are: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) North Railway Station on the Bannerji road Near Manorama Junction on Sahodaran Ayyappan road Near Kathrikadavu on Kaloor-Kadavanthara road NH-47A Kundanoor-Thevara bridge There are a number of railway level crossings within the city. while new developments are in the eastern side of the railway line. Of these. on completion.western side of the railway track. would lead to the diversion of traffic through these corridors from other connected roads. Four major Railway Over bridges (ROB) located at various parts of the city provide uninterrupted flow of traffic between western and eastern parts of the City. Construction of ROBs are in progress at Pulleppady and Edappally level crossings. Pachalam on Chittoor road Vaduthala on Chittoor road Ponnurunny on Thammanam-Vyttila road and Atlantis on Panampilly Nagar to MG road. which. Ravipuram on Panampilly Nagar road to Chittoor road. which remain as major bottlenecks to the free flow of vehicular traffic along certain travel corridors. Frequent gate closures at these level crossings result in traffic hold ups and under utilization of these corridors. 64 . seven level crossings are located along major travel corridors and are listed bellow. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Edappally on NH-17 Pulleppady on PuIleppady-Kathrikadavu road. the erstwhile Kochi airport was shifted from the Willington Island to Nedumbasserry. This is the first International Airport in the Country. AIR TRANSPORT NETWORK Kochi is well connected to the rest of the country and other parts of the world by air transport through Cochin International Airport located at Nedumbasserry. 5. Provision of a spur line from Ernakulam South to Ernakulam Goods and convert Ernakulam Goods as a terminus for suburban train service. which was built outside the ambit of the Government of India. The main railway line from Kanyakumari to Delhi is adjacent to the airport and is situated between Aluva and Angamaly Railway stations. and Financial Institutions.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RAIL CONNECTIVITY All the neighbouring District Headquarters are only less than 100 km away from Kochi and rail connectivity is available from Kochi to all these three cities viz.1 AIRPORT TERMINAL Due to the limitations in the operation of international flights. Introduction of suburban rail traffic will satisfy the intercity travel demand to a greater extend. Another airport located at Willington Island.5.6. 5. away from the City. The Airport is suitable 65 . The Kochi International Airport is managed by a group of personnel drawn from the Government Departments. Construction of a new railway line connecting Angamali or Aluva to Thripunithura through Kakkanad and formation of a circular route will open a new inter city as well as intra city mass transport system. nearly 28 km from Eranakulam city.5. Alapuzha and Kottayam. Industries. NH-17 and NH-49. The airport is located very close to the three National Highways such as NH-47. is under the control of Defence Department. Thrissur. The Cochin Port is connected to International Airport by a newly developed link called Airport-Seaport road. This airport caters to the needs of domestic and international passengers of Kochi and surrounding regions.6. NRIs. Saudi Airways. Qatar Airways. 66 .4 km length with 3. Gulf Air and Air Sahara are operating from the airport to various destinations inside and outside the Country. An International cargo terminal is also functioning with an area of 6. In the domestic terminal. Columbo and Singapore by International air flights.000 ft parallel taxiway and has a premise of 1.054 domestic passengers arrive and depart weekly from the airport. at present there are 220 arrivals and departures per week to various destinations outside the Country. At present. An average of 24. 220 arrivals and departures are handled per week from and to important Cities in India. Emirates Airways. The daily operation of the flights varies from 15 to 17.3 DETAILS OF FLIGHTS AND AIR PASSENGERS A total of 440. there are daily flights to major Cities like Chennai. Jet Airways.300 acres.1 gives the details of passenger arrivals and departures from Cochin International Airport. flights are handled by the two terminals namely International and Domestic terminals at the Cochin International Airport in a week. 5. An average of 14. Bangalore.6. Oman Air.2 AIR ROUTES Kochi International Airport is connected to all major Cities in India by domestic flights and to all Gulf countries.m. and is well equipped to handle all type of export and import cargo. The international air services are mainly concentrated in the Gulf region catering to people employed in various Gulf countries.for operations of wide-bodied Boeing-747 type of aircraft. 5.000 sq. Table 7.6. Mumbai. Airlines such as Indian Airlines. Kuwait Airways. Srilankan Airways.430 international passengers arrivals and depart weekly from this airport. In the international terminal. Silk Air. Air India. The runway is of 3. Delhi and Hyderabad. About 18. The airport is situated very near to NH 47 having four lane carriageway and is connected with a good quality link road.6. No. News Papers and other valuables. Fruits and Vegetables. The cargo handled by the Airport includes General Cargo. Day Domestic Arrival Departure 1047 904 924 974 1055 1261 944 7109 Total 1828 1754 2055 1967 2086 2345 2019 14054 Inter Arrival 1513 1575 1906 1985 1982 1545 1844 12350 Nationa Departure 1925 1451 1688 1794 1759 1537 1926 12080 Total 3438 3026 3594 3779 3741 3082 3770 24430 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sun Mon Tues Wed Thu Fri Sat Toatal 781 850 1131 993 1031 1084 1075 6945 5.250 MT of cargo was handled by International flights during the year 2005. The construction of center for perishable cargo is in full swing and is expected to be commissioned in 2006. Even though M. But the Airport is far away from the city centre the journey time required is considerable. Improvement of the nearest railway 67 .C road is very near to the Airport quick access is not possible due to the poor quality of the link road.4 AIRPORT CARGO TRAFFIC The data collected from the Airport shows that the Domestic section handled about 300 MT of cargo per year. C.2: Details of passenger arrival and departure.6.Table 5. An adequate link road to M. The Airport authority is planning a full-fledged cargo village.5 SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIENCIES. A high speed corridor is a necessity and can be formed by improving Banerji road either by widening or by constructing a two tier road. road has to be constructed. 5. A new railway station has to be constructed near the Air port and the same should be connected with regular mini bus service.7 WATER TRANSPORT NETWORK Kochi has a good network of inland waterway system consisting of backwaters. Eranakulam- Mattancheny and Eranakulam-Vyppin. There are very limited passenger boat services operating from Eranakulam jetty and High court jetty. passenger boat services numbering 77 are 68 . Eranakulam-Bolghatty. The State Water Transport Department (SWTD). lagoons and estuaries.3 connecting Kollam and Kottappuram pass through the region.7. Eranakulam-Varapuzha.stations of Aluva and Angamali has to be taken up including providing regular public transport facilities. KSINC operates one luxury cruise boat 'Sagara Rani' from Eranakulam jetty to cater to the tourists based on demand. 5. 5. as many as 89 passenger boat trips are operated to destinations such as Varapuzha. depending on the demand of tourists. EranakulamMulavukadu. National Waterway No. canals.2 PASSENGER MOVEMENT Passenger boats mainly operate from two boat jetties namely High Court jetty and Corporation jetty in the city.7. From High Court jetty. Private boats operate sightseeing trips form Eranakulam. 5. The main routes served by the water transport are Eranakulam-Fort Kochi. Bolghatty and Fort Kochi. Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC) and private operators are providing passenger and cargo boat services to the adjoining islands and industrial centers. From Corporation jetty.1 IWT ROUTES Water transport is on the decline due to the construction of bridges connecting islands on the western part of the City.Mulavukadu. Narakkal 6.000 passengers are attracted daily to Kochi Three major jetties and 21 minor jetties are proposed. They are: (a) Major Jetties 1 Marine Drive Jetty 2. Maradu 18. Chittoor Jetty (b) Minor Jetties 1 2 Varapuzha Kadamakkudi 3. Kumbalangi 12. Mattanchery 7. Thripunithura 17. Thevara 10. Perikkadu 16. Chellanam 13. Chambakkra 21. Nedumbassery Ernakulam 69 .operated to Fort Kochi. Mattancherry and Vyppin Island. It is estimated that about 16. Chithartrapuzha 19. Palachuvadu 15. Fort Vypeen 8. Valanthakadu. Mulavukadu 4. Edappaly Canal 14. Kakkanad. Eda Kochin 9. Nettoor 20. Fort Kochi 3. Elamkunnapuzha 5. Kumbalam 11. 3 GOODS MOVEMENT Goods transport through waterways is also on the decline due to development of road transport facilities. 5. Other goods movements include 16 barges operating from Thevara to FACT by KSINC. Goods traffic movements are mainly handled from Murukkupadom jetty and Thevara jetty. Considering the socio economic aspects development of Inland Water Transport services are to be improved. It is the only major port in Kerala State with an ISO 9001-2000 certification.5 RECOMMENDATIONS About 170 trips are operated carrying about 16000 passengers and giving employment to large number of people in addition to providing a cheap mode of traffic.5. etc. Facilities offered by the port are berths for handling cargo and passenger ships.126 ships called at this port in 200405 with a net tonnage of 8.4 KOCHI PORT Kochi port is an all-weather protected port with midstream mooring facilities in the channels and wharfs on either side of Willington Island facing the channels.7.574 million tones. Passenger ships are operated to Lakshadweep Islands from the Kochi Port. of which 18 per cent of cargo was exports. The entrance of Kochi Port is through the Cochin Gut between the peninsular headland Vyppin and Fort Kochi. 5. 1. dry dock.18 million. Total traffic handled at this port in 2003-04 was 13. fisheries harbor. cargo handling equipments. storage accommodation.75 million ton. Improvement measures attracting passengers and tourists include 70 . There are three oil barges and four-water barges operating from Thevara jetty and two water barges operating from Murukkupadam jetty. bunkering facilities.7.314 container vessels were handled at the port in the year 2004-05 with total container traffic of 1.7. More over introduction independent bus corridors will lessen the capacity of road traffic since the ROW is limited and scope for widening is limited. 5. The daily traffic along peak hour peak direction traffic (PHPDT) on various road sections in the Business As Usual scenario is presented below in Table No. Construction of goods terminals. 5. Inland Water transport and Mass Rapid Transit System with suitable interchange facilities will be ideal for Kochi to satisfy the high concentration of travel demand on the transport net work.8 MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM 5.2 SELECTION OF MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM The proposed improvement of the road network will not be able to cater the expected trave demand after 20 years. Based on the peak hour peak direction traffic in the horizon period a MRT network should be identified which would cater to the estimated traffic demand.Construction of jetties and terminals with adequate passenger amenities and aesthetic appearance. Rail.Kollam and Kodungallur.5. It is expected that the passenger loading on some of the corridors will be very high to be catered by any road based mass transport system.1 GENERAL An integrated mass transport network of Road.8. But the peak hour peak direction traffic will be as high as 33000in some of the roads. 71 . Road based conventional mass transport system can carry up to 10000 trips in peak hour peak direction trips.8. Introduction of high speed transport vessels to all nearby islands. Introduction of high speed sophisticated transport vessels like Hover crafts. Introduction of regular goods service To Alapuzha .3 Out of the 23 sections the PHPDT on more than half the sections will be more than 10000 requiring a rail based MRTS. 45 1.Jacob road Moulana Azad road W.03 4.Island W. Section Daily Traffic PHPDT (Lakhs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 M.27 1.26 0.09 2.68 0.74 28000 25000 33000 31000 20000 28000 13700 11000 6000 7000 14000 12000 8000 8300 7400 12900 2900 2900 8300 6000 5400 10100 4800 72 .29 1.95 4.Road Edappalli road NH 17 Thammanam-Pulleppady road NH Bypass(Bypass Jn-Vyttila) NH Bypass(Vyttila –Kundanoor) Vypin road Kakkanad road Kaloor-Kadavanthara road Edakochi road P.G.12 1.89 1.96 0.24 2.92 1.13 1.92 0.No.Table No.44 0.T.75 4.Road Shanmugham Road Banerji Road NH 47 (ByPass Jn.78 3.31 3.A.-Kalamassery) NH 47 (Kalamassery-Aluva) S.17 1. 5.Island –Petta Jn. Thripunithura –Vaikom Road 4. Angamali-Perumbavoor road Aluva –Perumbavoor road Vyttila –Petta Jn.82 0.3 S. More than half of the axles are motored to gain acceleration necessary for an urban transit system having halts at 700to 1000m apart.8. There are high acceleration and high retardation rail based systems similar to conventional railway systems using vehicles with axles not exceeding 16 t. the cost of elevated structures will be moderate.8. per axle.8.3 RAIL BASED SYSTEM. but on exclusive right of way it can be increased to 20000 to 25000PHPDT.5. Since LRVs are of lightweight construction. which enables operation on sharp curves. Stations are spaced at 750to1000m intervals. 5. These have separate right of way and in metropolitan cities these are frequently run underground or elevated structures. Their capacity can reach up to 60000 PHPDT. available in various sizes.with no signals or with signals giving preference to LRV sat road crossings or with exclusive right of way with partly elevated or wholly elevated and fully signal controlled.2 High Capacity Metro Rail System.4m high and can carry up to 375 passengers under dense crush load of 8 passengers per square metre with axle load not exceeding12 tons. 73 . Under mixed traffic operation capacity of 10000PHPDT can be achieved. Generally a twin car articulated vehicle is about 2530m long . 5.2.65m wide and 3.3. The route alignment can therefore pass through congested areas on elevated structures and follow the road alignment on sharp bends. LRT generally consist of twin cars with articulated joint. The vehicles are of light weight articulated construction.3.1 Light Rail Transit Systems Light rail transit systems using Light Rail Vehicles (LRV) operate on surface in mixed traffic . 8. A light Metro rail system from Aluva to Petta was proposed at an estimated cost of Rs. However it was found that construction of Petta to Thripunithura section of the corridor was not feasible till improvement to existing road infrastructure between these two places is done by concerned authorities. These are: 1.3 Kochi Metro A study was conducted by Delhi Metro Rail corporation for the Government of Kerala during 2005 for the introduction of a rail based mass transport system named “Kochui Metro”. 74 . reduction in air and noise pollution .5. Aluva –Vyttila 2. Based on the expected travel demand Aluva –Thripunithura was selected for introduction of mass transport system.a detailed Environment Impact Assessment study was also carried out for the project. 22390 million. it was estimated that Kochi Metro would have a patronage of 38187persons per hour per direction in the year 2011. 3. Aluva – Thripunithura. Kalamassery –Thripunithura. It is visualized that the project will have positive environmental impacts like reduction in traffic congestion. The objective was to identify the most feasible travel corridor. esser accidents etc. lesser fuel consumption.therefore the the alignment of metro rail corridor was limited between Aluva and Petta.savings in travel time.3. Three alternate travel corridors were identified for for evaluation of traffic demand. Road through ROB at Atlantis on the west.00 6.00 12. NO. Amt.Mamangalam Road 4.North over bridge. Crores 1.00 3.00 7.Pullepady road.00 17. Vyttila.50 7. Padma intersection. In Rs. 5. Sahodaran Ayyappan Road and extension up to . Banerji Road . Bund road from Chilavanoor to NH Bypass (Chambakara) on the East upto M.Pachalam .N.00 5.PottakuzhiMamangalam.Tripunithura Road upto S.(Road from Karshaka Road to Ponnurunni) 6. 3.00 24.00 4.Kathrikkadavu Road.NH-47 upto Edappally 8.00 6.6. Kaloor. Goshree North end .00 6.Kadavanthra Road 3. Name of Projects Length in Km/No.H.00 8.0 ESTIMATES FOR ROAD NETWORK PROPOSAL WHICH CAN BE TAKEN UP UNDER JNNURM List of roads proposed by Road Fund Board Sl.00 15.Thammanam.00 8.Model Road 4. Bypass 3.30 7. Mathai Manjooran Road from Marine Drive (High Court Jn) to Goshree .G.00 75 . Subash Chandra Bose Road.N junction.Pachalam.00 2.ROB.NH47 5.00 9. 00 Total' 163. Widening of Edakochi road from old Thoppampady Bridge up to Edakochi -Aroor 10.Vallon Road)and towards north Perandoor Road Upto NH 17 via Ponevazhi.00 3. Pandarachira Rd linking Edakochi Road to Beach Road (upto Fort Kochi. Road from Madhav Pharmacy to Thevara and developing up to Thoppumpady 8.Chellanam Road upto Pandarachira Road 25.00 18. Stadium Link Road upto old NH 2. Sreemulanagaram.Varappuzha. 35.Chemaganad.G. 1. 6. Outer Ring Roads Outer Ring Road. No.00 15. Name of Project Length in Km/No.00 10.00 15 Fort Kochi.00 11.Ghosree Bridge (Chathiathu) cheranallor.00 12.00 Amit in Rs.00 140.00 4.00 Under JNNURM Sl.50 3.Kadamakkudy. Extension ofKaloor Kadavanthra Road upto Bund Road (K. Crores 76 .Chellanam road) 3. Athani.00 16 Kumaranasan Road from Kaloor Kadavanthara Road to SA Road 2.00 13.10.00 8.00 14.P. Keezmadu. M. Thiruvankulam.00 15. Valiya Kadamakkudi.00 77 . Road starting from Puthussery passing through Cheriyan 2.00 20. Kumbalangi Aroor Road. Inner Ring Roads Improvements to Irimpanam . Chottanikkara.00 .30.00 50.H.00 2. Kumbalangi Panchayath Total 10.60 40. Kumbalam linking Manne Drive N.49 (Madhura Highway). Improvements to Panampally Nagar Avenue Rd and Extension of Avenue Road to NH 49 through Konthuruthy.00 3.00 Link Roads 1.00 85. Muvattupuzha Road.H. Vadavodu Puthenkurush. at Kumbalam (CochinAlleppey Road) Only for Designated Cochin area Total 1.Edathala.00 2. N. Road from Outer Ring Road at Vaduthala & Passing through Moolampally.Kizhakkambalam.Pizhala.H.Kottayam Road at Udayamperoor and joining N. Aluva-Munnar Road at Keezmadu. Industrial Belt at Vadavukodu Puthenkurushu Panchayat.Kalamassery Rd and Extension Up to Nedumpassery on North end and Extension upto NH 49 on south end Only for Designated Cochin area 25. 7. Emakulam-Thrissur Road at Athani. Cochin.I 7 at Varappuzha. & Chathanad (Detailed Sy completed ant Fund allocated for land Acquisition) Only for Designated Cochin area 6. Udayamperoor. Crores Road Through CBD Area 1.0 4. Improvement Market road Improvement Total 15. Elevated Road (Manorama Jn to Church landing Road) The Elevated road starts with two single lane bridges on either side of the existing South over bridge.00 5. Interlinking Sea Port Air Port Road and Ambalamugal Road from Chitrapuzha area.00 2.00 Total 93.50 70.00 4.Thuruth.60 3.Thiruvankulam Panchayath 7. Chitoor Road (Ravipuram to Vaduthala) TD Road.00 20.00 Radial Road 1. Kundanoor Chilavanoor Link Road 1. No. Model Road. To fine Arts Hall Jn.00 Sl.00 8. This will not 1. Name of Project Length in Km/No. Infopark 7. Amit in Rs.00 78 . joins together after the bridge portion and cross the MG Road as Fly over landing near Fine Arts Hall.00 20. Kadamakkudi panchayath 3.00 14. Pizhala. Chennur. Shanmukam Road (from High Court Jn.00 4.00 4. 4.) 2.00 37. & meeting Vaduthala Chathanad Road. 3.00 3. Extension ofPullepady Thammanam Road from NH47 to Sea Port Air Port Road. From N. including Branch Rd from Kangarapadi Jn to Thevakkal Jn via Co .00 15. Improvements to Palarivattom Jn . Water Front Roads Thevara Foreshore road from Vedunduruthy bridge to new Thevara bridge. 47 at Toll Jn.00 79 .disturb the existing corridor to MG Road 3. Pandikudy Chellanam Road Pukkattupady Road (N. Name of Project Length in Km/No.00 20. Improvements to the Road from Emakulam – Vyppin (Ghosree Road) along with a two line Bridge parallel to Bolgatty Bridge 4.00 13.00 6. Crores 1. Mulavukadu Panchayath 7.00 23.00 2.50 20.T. 11.imp.00 7. Amit in Rs.Jacob Road to Dutch Cemetry Road from Vyppin to Munambam Only for Designated Cochin area 6.00 2.47 (Anchumana) toS.Pukkatupady).00 30. . Kakkanad .00 8. 9. Palluruthy Rd from Thnppi. 7.00 20. No.00 Total 110 233. strengtheniny and widening of existing road 12.00 30.00 25.00 12.i(ly to Knppalandimukku 4.Op Medical College and Thevakkal to Thengodu 8.00 9.00 Sl.H.H.N. Jn and Vaikom Road Upto Puthiyakavu. 5.00 5.00 17. CoC 3.Manakkekadavu Road up to Pallikkara Jn Mattancherry Road Road I'rom Pandikuddy to Mattancherry. Arkkakadavu Road.00 6. to Airport Seaport Road) 10. Vallarpadam Ring Road.00 10.H.00 5.00 4.Kakkanad Road (old N. Coastal Road (Beach) P. Maradu Panchayath 5.00 Secondary Roads 1.00 10.00 2.00 6. 17 to the proposed Chittoor Coastal road via Peeliyadu.00 12.00 7.00 15. Lourdes Hospital Road up to Vaduthala 2.00 5.00 6.00 5.3.00 50. New Road.00 80 . Elankunnapuzha Panchayath 12. Coastal road from Kumbalam Jetty to Aroor Bridge (NH 47). Connecting Eastern Entry of South Railway Station to Salim Rajan Rd on north and SA Road on south 3. 6. Road through the Eastern coast ofBolgatty Island Mulavukadu panchayath 5. Kundanoor Sea Shore Road.00 3. Vimala Hridaya Sea Shore Road.00 3.00 Total 132.00 4. Poisha Road From N.00 4.00 4. Maradu Panchayath 4. Darbar Hall Ground Road(from Park Avenue Road to South Railway Station) and Hospital Road (Park Avenue Road to Eyattu Jn) 3.50 5.00 5. Deshabhimani Road 4. Kumbalam Panchayath 3. Road 3. Vypeen Munambam Coastal Road.50 5.H. Kannangattu-Madhura Co.00 6.00 9.. 17 – South Kalamassery across Muttarpuzha) 6. Forming.00 7.00 5.H. Palluruthy Water land Road from Palluruthy ind Estate to manassery Jn in Beach Rd via Pandarachira 4.Chellanam Road From Nambiyapuram Jn. Vyttila .00 7.00 8.00 12. To Chellanrm Via. St.Palarivattom Road Via.7.00 8. Reethas Road to Arakkakadavu Rd 3. Improvement to Chilavanooor Road from Elamkulam to Bund Rd 3. foot path etc 4. Thammanam 4.00 6. Thimvankulam Kottayathu Para) 8.00 6. Thrippunithura Chottanikkara Road (East Fort Jn.00 5.70 7. Kari. Link Road from Sea port Air port Road via Inmpanam Manakkapady.M. Kunnumpuram Kalamassery (N. 8. T.00 11.00 13 Stadium Link Rd extension to Pottakuzhi Mamangalam Rd and Up to BTS Rd 3. Road. Strengthening.00 9.00 12. Kacheripadi Perumpadappu Rd( From Kacheripadi Jn to Perumpadappu via AKG Vayanasala Kollassery and Konam) 5.00 10.00 5. widening of 2 lane traffic road including well designed drains.00 16.00 15.00 17.C.00 81 .00 14 Palluruthy . South Kalamassery Over Bridge to Premier 5.00 10. Vytila. 00 3. Road from Kandakadavu towards Alleppey. No.00 7.00 200. 20. 30 31.Jacob Rd to Jawahar Rd Manthara Canal Road from Convent Rd to Cherlayi HMT Quarters Road. 29. 22.00 82 . Kalamassery Municipality Parallel Road to railway Line.00 92.00 5.00 86. Name of Project Length in Km/No.T.00 104. 33. Kalamassery Municipality 3. 32.00 260.00 3. Amout in Rs. 23.00 3. 27 28. 34.00 4.00 215. Perumpadappu Ezhupunna Ferry Road Other Internal Roads in Cochin City 497 KMs Internal Roads in Kalamassey Municipality Internal Roads in Thripunithara Municipality Internal Roads in 13 Adjoining Panchayaths Pandit Karuppan Road Up to Thevara Ferry Mattanchery Foreshore Road Panangadu foreshore road Thevara-Perandoor Coastal road (Pottakuzhi – Amritha Hospital 3. Chellanam Panchayath 3. Raod from Kuthirakkur Kari to Palluruthy Konam.00 497.00 3.00 5. Challanam Panchayath 3.00 10.00 25. Atlantis Ponnurunni 1 1 50.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 24.00 4.00 26.00 3.00 Sl. HMT Jn towards south.00 Total 675.00 10. Crores Rail Over Bridges 1.00 6.00 2. Kalamassery Municipality HMT Boundary Road.00 4. 2.00 10.00 20.00 4. Kalamassey Municipality Edapally Methanam road.00 230. Santo Gopalan Rd from P. 19.18. 21.00 5. 5.00 83 .00 20.00 20.00 10.00 40.00 60.00 Total Fly overs/ Sub Ways 1. 2 Nos. 4. 16. Fly over Palarivattom. 11. Kalamassery Municipality__________ 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 35. 15. Renovation.00 10.00 70. Kumbalam Kathrukadavu. 3.00 60.00 20. Tripunithura Outer Ring Road.00 10.00 10. Reconstruction Vathuruthy Eroor. 5.00 10.00 7.00 1.00 20.47 at Cochin University Jn. 2 Nos. Near Collectorate. 2.3.00 36. NAD lane. Thiruvankulam Panchayath Sea Port Air Port Rd.00 15.00 Total 415.00 10. 8. Fly Over Kundanoor Jn. 2nd Bridge Ponekkara Methanam.00 20. 4. Thiruvankulam Panchayath Kurekkad. Sub way at Menaka with connection to Broadway Edapally. 9. 6. 14. Thripunithura Municipality Kampivelikkakam. Thiruvankulam. Sea Port Air Port Rd. 13. 10. North Overbridge. Pachalam Vaduthala Near KSRTC South Over Bridge.00 60. 7.00 60. Fly Over Vytila. Conversion of Foot Pat on one side 1 1 1 1 30. 10. 12. Fly Over SN Junction at Tripunithura Fly over at NH 47 (Thammanam Pullepady Rd extensiol to Sea Port Air Port Rd 9.00 60. 6. Sub way on N. 8.H. Sub way Fly over at Pallimukku 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 332. 00 1. 2 Nos Vytila to SN Jn. 21. 2 Nos. 17. 19. 2 Nos Emakulam Vypeen.00 5. 16. 3. 12.00 25. Kurungotta Bridge. 23.00 160.00 20.00 30.00 100. Puthiya Palam. SB Road. 11. 27. 1 1 1 1 4. Cheranallor Panchayath Santhom Convent Road Bridge B. 10..00 30.00 84 . 25. 26.00 3.00 1 1 2 65.00 5. Chettichira (Match point). 20. Chambakkara and Petta Chellanam Rd.00 5.00 5. 9. 2 Bridges NH 47 to Sea Port AirPort Rd (Extension of Thammanam Pullepady Rd) Panamapally Nagar Extension to NH 49. 14. 7.00 1. 13.T. 22. .00 10. Road Bridge across Chengadampokku Thodu Vaduthala Perandoor Bridge near Chinmaya School Peeliyadu Bridge across Chengadampokku Thodu Pashnithodu Bridge Thevara Mattummel Bridge Thevara Kumbalam Bridge Ponekkara Bridge Chambokadavu at Kalamassery Municipality SA Road 2 Nos. 2 Nos Bund Road.00 6. TP Canal Gosree Mamangalam Rd. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 3.00 40.00 6. 2 Nos Pullepady Thammanam Rd.00 10.00 3. 8.00 2. 4. 15.00 5. 6.00 20. Bolgatty Bridge Irimpanam Kalamassey Extension. 24.00 13. 2 Nos Pandarachira Bridge (Valummel) Giri Nagar Panampilly Nagar Bridge Culverts and Bridges for existing crossings of rails across Railway line from Thevara to Edappally (13 Nos.00 1. 2. 2 Nos Kumaranasan Rd.S. 18.00 1.Bridges 1. 4 Bridges for Kothad Chathanad new Road Puthussery to Vaduthala Chathanad Rd (New). 00 1. 35. Manthara Canal Rd 1 1.00 5.00 3. 36.00 48.00 Bridge 49. 42. Vallarpadam . Mullasery Canal Poisha Rd.00 85 .00 2. 41. 40.00 45. 32. BTS Rd 2 Nos Vypeen.00 1. 43. Near Circle Manor. 29. 33. Model Rd.Vypeen Bridge.00 2. Kumbalangi Aroor Rd Palarivattom Kakkanad Rd.00 47. 3 Nos Thripunithura Chottanikkara Rd 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 3.00 12. 44. 2 Nos Arakkakadavu Rd.00 2.00 39. Edapally Thodu Mattanchery Rd TD Rd. Deshabhimani Rd. Kundanoor Chilavannoor Bridge 1 25. 30. 38. Punchathodu Extension of Kaniyampuzha Rd Kunnumpuram Kalamassery Rd Pukkattupady Rd. 31.00 6. Paralllel to existing 1 30.00 46. Santogapalan Rd 1 1. Nettoor Kadavanthara Bridge 1 45.00 2. 4 Nos Pandikudy Chellanam Road. 2 Nos Palluruthy Thoppumpady Rd 3 1 2 1 2 1 12. Near Amrutha Hosp. Munambam Rd.00 6. 34. 2 Nos Chalikkavattom Rd.00 1.00 2.00 1. 37. Mullassery canal Market Rd.28.00 2. 00 53.00 6.00 86 .00 52. Stadium Link Road 1 1. 2.00 Multi Level Parking 1. 3. Kannangattu W. 8.Kadavanthra Road 4 Nos Kaloor Old NH 2 Nos NH 47 Bye Pass Thoppumpady Fort Cochin Palarivattom 2 Nos Total 4 8 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 6.Island (NH 49) 1 60. 9. Link Road. Chithrapuzha.00 Eloor Panchayaths 54.00 6. Kothad Kadamakkudi 2 Bridges 1 40.00 5.00 51.00 12.00 Total 915. 3 Nos 3 45.00 6.00 55.00 3. Padma Marine Drive 4 Nos (Shanmugom Rd) Banerii Rd 4 Nos Kaloor . Eloor manjoomal bridge 1 15.00 3. 7.Chowka Ferry.00 59. SA Road 4 Nos MG Road 8 Nos Chittoor Rd near South area.50. Eloor . Rajaji Rd. 10. connecting Cheranalloor and 1 15.00 3. 11. 4. 6. 5.00 6.00 3. 00 3. Subash Bose Park. 8.00 15.4 Heetors Land free surrendered Mattanchery Kumbalangi along with depot Palluruthy Chellanam South railway Station.00 15. eastern entrance Vypeen (Improvement) Maradu Total Peripheral Parking 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 30.00 5.00 3.00 3. 4. 15. 2.00 3. 7. 4.00 15. 10. Marine Drive. along with Depot Perumpadappu at 0. Pallimukku. Padma.00 3.00 Moffusil Bus Terminal 1. 5.00 3. 3. 5.00 2. Banerji Road.00 3. 3.00 20.00 87 .00 130.00 3.Public Comfort Centres Kadavunthara. 11. 14. 6. Goshree Edappally Palarivattom Vyttila Kumbalam Total 1 1 1 1 1 3.00 1.00 15. Vyttila – major Bus terminal (Short and long distances) Kakkanad Thrippoonithura along with Depot Edakochi Fort Kochi Kalamassery along with depot Collectors Square (High Court). 9. 2.00 6.00 2. 13.00 3. 12. North Railway Station 7 2.00 5. 4. 3. Kalamassery Kumbalam Vallarpadam Thiruvankulam Total 1 1 1 1 30.00 7. Signals within the CBD Outside CBD Area 15.00 10.00 10.00 Total 16.00 Road Makings and Sign Boards 1.00 Pedestrian crossing with escalator facilities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kaloor Kacheripady Marine Drive ( Menaka) Thoppumpady Jos Junction Fort Cochin Boat Jetty Kadavanthra 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.00 2.00 10.00 Total 25. Road markings and sign Boards within the CBD Outside CBD Area 7.00 70.00 2.00 Signals 1 2.00 88 .00 Total 14.00 2.Truck Terminal 1.00 2. 2. 2.00 2.00 20.00 2.00 2. 00 3. 2.30 0.50 0. 5.30 89 . 7.00 3. 10.30 0.00 Total 6.50 0.00 Bus Bays 1.60 1.60 0. 2. Marine Drive Jetty Chittoor Jetty 1 1 1 1.00 Waiting Sheds 1. Waiting sheds within the CBD Outside CBD Area 3. 9.30 1.30 0.50 250 12. Providing Bus Bays in Designated area Inland Water transport Terminals (a) Major Jetties 1 2.50 0. 6.20 0.30 0.Waiting Sheds 1. Varapuzha Kadamakkudi Mulavukadu Elamkunnapuzha Narakkal Fort Cochin Mattanchery Fort Vypeen Eda Kochin Thevara 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.00 (b) Minor Jetties 1 2 3. 8. 4. Waiting Sheds within the CBD Outside CBD Area 3.00 Total 6. 13.30 0.30 0. 20.00 Metro Rail 1 Metro Rail cochin City – Viability Gap GRAND TOTAL 635. 16. 18.30 0. 14.60 c) Navigational Aids and Improvement of water ways 1 2 Providing Navigational aids for water transport system Dredging of water ways 5. 15.00 Total 48. 21. Palachuvadu Perikkadu Thripunithura Valanthakadu.30 0.30 0. Maradu Chithartrapuzha Nettoor Chambakkra Nedumbassery Ernakulam 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 0.30 0.11. 22 Kumbalam Kumbalangi Chellanam Edappaly Canal Kakkanad.30 0.30 0.00 30.00 4252.30 0. 19. 12.30 1.30 0.00 90 . 17. The proposed SmartCity is going to generate about 90000 employment opportunities in the IT and ITES sector. Thripunithura and Kakkanad.7. Allied industries will also attract floating population both from all over the country as well as from the neighbouring districts resulting in considerable increase of intercity traffic. In addition to the above projects major industries are envisaged in the eastern industrial areas of Kalamassery. New port based projects costing more than 70000crores are envisaged in the port area which is going to offer large employment opportunities and going to attract a large population growth including floating population. Infopark has already started functioning in the city. The Greater Kochi development Authority area was 16lakhs in 1991and is anticipated to be 25lakhs in 202with a decadal growth rate of 16%. The presence of major information highways through the city will make it as future IT hub in the country. 91 . industrial and IT destination of the country. The road network development CDP area however has not been commensurate with growth in traffic. The influence of all these projects in this area will be a population explosion and rapid extreme urbanization. The growth in the number of personalized vehicles due to absence of adequate comfortable public transport system has congested the city roads leading to traffic jams in peak hours. CONCLUSION Kochi which was only the commercial capital of the state is now fast growing to a commercial. The number of registered vehicles has increased from 68000 in 1987to 105000 in 1996 giving a decadal growth of about 76%. RECOMMENDATIONS Short Term Proposals Short term proposals include the corridor improvements. poor quality of the transport vessels etc. Inland water transport is to be rejuvenated to attract more passengers and tourists. The improvement measures mainly include: Inter Section Improvement and Signalization Provision of bus bays Traffic signs and Road markings Provision of pedestrian crossings Off street centralized car parking Operation of minibuses from parking area to business area. there are about 350 buses operating in the city on 24 major routes.Inland Water Transport system in the city now playing a vital role in the intra urban transit system carrying about 16000 passengers daily is slowly losing its prominence due to inability to give quick access. lack of passenger amenities. lack of integration with other mode of transport. provision of pedestrian facilities. The main public transport system catering the city is bus transport. intersection improvements. The medium term measures are to be envisaged with a view to accommodate the expected travel demand which 92 . and parking management. The total daily person trips for the area are 1708110and are projected to increase to 3540900 by 2021. Medium Term Improvement Proposals Medium term measures proposed are improvement of infrastructure to cater the travel demand in the horizon year in the future nerve centres. Construction of new corridors to Smart City area. can be plied to Aluva. Completion of Seaport Airport road.Kodungallur and Muvattupuzha.include up gradation of identified road corridors in the CBD including construction of grade separators and up gradation of inter city corridor to provide quick access to the neighboring cities of Thrissur. Alapuzha. Construction of grade separators in major inter sections Construction of ROBs on all level crossings. Introduction of suburban train service 93 . Kottayam. Re routing of buses utilizing existing under utilized corridors like NH47 A through which buses from Mattancherry etc.NH17. Public Transport System Recommendations include: Construction of new terminals discarding the existing terminals with a view to have proper integration of all modes of traffic. Long Term Measures. Realignment of NH49 and Vypin road . Major road development projects proposed include: Up gradation of major busy corridors in the CBD including construction of fly overs Widening of intercity routes of NH47. Recommendations for the long term planning include Preparation of a master plan for Kakkanad and its surrounding area. Rejuvenation of Old NH through Edakochi by construction of Edakochi Bridge. Moovattupuzha and Alapuzha direction avoiding busy central area and utilizing the new corridors proposed. Introduction of circular bus routes connecting proposed terminals. 94 . Introduction of Mass Rapid Transit System.Construction of a link railway line from Aluva or Angamali to Thripunithura to form a circular rail. Travel Demand Modelling & Forecast. Page 41 – 43 5. Chapter-2 ….36 3.94 95 ...CONTENTS 1. Proposed Road Network Plan for Kochi Page 44 .12 2. Chapter-3 ….. Chapter-7 …. 1 . Chapter-5 …... Conclusions Page 91 .40 4. Introduction Page. Chapter-1 ….. Chapter-4 …. Surveys Page 13 . Estimated Cost Page 75 – 90 7.74 6. Traffic Analysis Page 37 .. Chapter-6 ….