Chenopodiaceae in India

Pleione 6(2): 273 - 297. 2012.© East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy ISSN: 0973-9467 A synopsis of the Family Chenopodiaceae in India T. K. Paul Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711103, India E- mail: [email protected] Received revised 07.12.2012; Accepted 11.12.2012 Abstract The present paper presents a concise account of Chenopodiaceae in India. In all 19 genera with 50 species, 1 subspecies, 3 varieties have been recognized and another 2 genera and 14 species are cultivated or introduced. The genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. Within the enumeration Key to genera and species, correct nomenclature, reference to type materials wherever available, phenology and distribution also have been added. Key words: India, Chenopodiaceae, Synopsis, comb. et stat. nov. INTRODUCTION The plants of Chenopodiaceae Ventenat, commonly known as ‘Goosefoot’ family, are mostly grow as weed and some are food plants like spinach, chard, beets, sugar beet and quinoa. The family is placed in the order Caryophyllales by Cronquist (1981), Takhtajan (1969) and Dahlgren (1975). Hutchinson (1959) and Thorne (1968, 1992) included the family in the order Chenopodiales, Ulbrich in Engler & Prantl (1934) in the order Centrospermae and Bentham & Hooker (1880) in the series Curvembryeae. Bentham & Hooker (1880) divided the family into two series, cyclobeae and spirolobeae. Cyclobeae is characterized by annular embryo, albumen copious whereas in spirolobeae the embryo is spiral and albumen scanty or absent. Williams & Ford-Lloyd (1974) recognised three subfamilies: Chenopodieae (embryo cyclical, operculum absent, endosperm absent, ovary superior), Salsoleae (embryo spiral, operculum absent, endosperm absent, ovary superior), Beteae (embryo cyclical, operculum present in fruit, endosperm present, ovary semi-inferior). Takhtajan (1997) divided the family into four subfamilies: Chenopodioideae (Embryo annular or less often curved. Leaves well developed, mostly broad, sometimes narrow and fleshy or scale like. Fruits surrounded by the persistent perianth or by bracteoles. Perisperm usually present), Salicornioideae (Embryo annular or curved, rarely straight. Perisperm present. Stems succulent, articulated, with leaves reduced to tubercules or scales. Flowers usually in groups of 3 sunken into cavities in the axis of spiciform inflorescences), Salsoloideae (Embryo spirally coiled. Perisperm usually lacking. Leaves mostly linear to filiform, terete, sometimes scale like. Flowers 1-3, in the axils of the bracts, usually bracteolate), Polycnemoideae (Embryo annular. Stem with normal secondary growth. Flowers bisexual, solitary, with bracteoles) and subsequently he again (2009) divided the family into Chenopodioideae (embryo annular or less often curved), Microteoideae (embryo annular), Salicornioideae (embryo annular or curved, rarely straight) and Salsoloideae (embryo spirally coiled). The Chenopodiaceae and its allied family Amaranthaceae represent the core of the order Centrospermales having curved embryo surrounding the endosperm, presence of betalain pigments, basal or free-central placentation and anomalous secondary thickening. Chenopodiaceae differs from the Amaranthaceae by the presence of nonscarious perianth and mostly free filaments; whereas in Amaranthaceae the perianth is scarious and the filaments are mostly connate below. 274 Chenopodiaceae in India The APG (Angiosperm phylogeny group) system (1998), the APG II system (2003) and APG III (2009) have included the chenopods in the family Amaranthaceae on the basis of evidence from molecular phylogenies. Sir J.D. Hooker in his Flora of British India (1886) first gave an account of Chenopodiaceae of the then British India. In his treatment there were 20 genera viz. Acroglochin (1 sp.), Chenopodium (8 spp.), Beta (1 sp.), Spinacia (1 sp.), Atriplex (5 spp.), Eurotia (1 sp.), Axyris (1 sp.), Microgynoecium (1 sp.), Corispermum (1 sp.), Chenolia (2 spp.), Kochia (4 spp.), Arthrocnemum (2 spp.), Salicornia (1 sp.), Suaeda (6 spp.), Haloxylon (4 spp.), Salsola (4 spp.), Anabasis (2 spp.), Halocharis (2 spp.), Halogeton (1 sp.) and Basella (1 sp.). Within the present political boundary of India and recent taxonomic treatments by different authors a number of additions and deletions of several species in the family have been taken place. The genus Basella is now treated under a separate family Basellaceae. So a systematic study of the family in India is very much essential. In the present paper the generic delimitation of the family is followed according to Takhtajan (1997). In the following enumeration all the recorded genera, species and varieties are arranged alphabetically. Plants those are still in human care in India are recorded under a separate section ‘Cultivated and Introduced Species’. CHENOPODIACEAE Ventenat Cosmopolitan, chiefly in xeric environment and halophytic areas; ca.103 genera and 1600 species (Takhtajan 2009); 19 genera and 50 species, 1 subspecies and 3 varieties in India, another 2 genera and 14 species are cultivated or introduced. The plants of the family commonly grow in saline and semiarid habitats. Some species, those occur in desert, are mostly used as animal forage. Some species are of valued as food and as a source of dyes, alkaloids, drugs etc., while others like Beet, Spinach are cultivated for excellent vegetables, some are also cultivated for their ornamental foliage. Key to the Genera 1a. Embryo curved to annular, perisperm abundant ……………………………... 2 1b. Embryo spiral, perisperm scanty or absent ………………………………… 15 2a. Fruit a pyxis with circumscissile dehiscence ………………………...... Acroglochin 2b. Fruit a utricle, not dehiscent .................................................................... 3 3a. Perianth basally adnate to ovary, enlarged .……………………… Beta (cultivated) 3b. Perianth free from ovary, not enlarged ………………………......…………. 4 4a. Flowers born in axill of succulent bracts; leaves reduced scaly or insignificant .. 5 4b. Flowers free from rachis; leaves usually well developed …………………… 7 5a. Annual herbs, all branches terminated by inflorescences ……………..….. Salicornia 5b. Perennial subshrubs or shrubs, many branches non flowering ……………… 6 6a.Opposite pairs of bracts connate or free; stamens abaxially placed …...… Halosarcia 6b. Opposite pairs of bracts connate toform a segment; stamens adaxially placed …. ................ Arthrocnemum 7a. Flowers unisexual (plant monoecious or dioecious ) ………………………... 8 7b. Flowers bisexual or plant sometimes polygamous ………………………… 12 8a. Plants covered with stellate hairs ………………………………………… 9 8b. Plant glabrous or furfuraceous …………………………………………… 10 9a. Female flowers with perianth, bracts in fruit without silky hairs ………….. Axyris 9b. Female flowers perianthless, bracts in fruit densely long silky hairy …................ .................... Krascheninnikovia ..... Microgynoecium 10b.. anther appendiculate …..... perianth segment 1 – 3 or absent.. in Fl... K. Pakistan & Kashmir 216....... utricles with 2-fid beak at apex ………………………………………....... terminal) and glochin (point).. Amaranthus persicarioides Poiret in Lamarck. Plant covered with furfuraceous indumentum. Chenopodium 15a. borne at base of foliaceous bract …... Acroglochin persicarioides (Poiret) Moquin in DC. Suppl.. China 5: 353. Prodr. Flowering & Fruiting: September – November Distribution: INDIA .......... in the Himalayas between 1520 – 2600 m.. Perianth not winged. Halogeton 20b..... 2 species in Central & Eastern Asia.......1849...……........ Bot. Paul 275 10a. seeds horizontal ……………. Female flowers born in axil of a foliaceous bract in a cup formed by 2 connate bracts ....... 227. Branches not jointed.... anther appenducilate or not ……...... stamens 2 or 5.… 11 11a......... Fruiting perianth with wing like appendage ………………..………….. 1972. scale like………….1: 311.. stigmas 2 ……….. NEPAL... 19 18a.. flowers in lower nodes of these branches ………………………………………....... Encycl.. 1(2): 227... anther apex without an appendage ……………………. Himachal Pradesh.. R.……………........ Perianth winged.growing in hill slopes. . Etymology: From the Greek akros (highest.... leaves alternate …………………………………. Arthrophytum 19a.. utricles flattened without beak …………. glabrous or glandular.. Dysphania 14b.…………. 1 in India. stamens 5.. anther apex appendaged ….... Plant covered with stellate hairs. 1822.. villous or pubescent. Flowering branches borne on the branches of previous year. Uttarakhand and Meghalaya..…………… Kochia 16a.....………… Haloxylon 18b.... Mant.......... aromatic.... Holotype: Described from the Himalayas (Nepal/Kashmir) (P)... not aromatic..T... 14 13b. leaves opposite ……………….. often rigid and spinescent … 17 17a........... 13(2): 254....…………………………………………………… Salsola Acroglochin Schrader ex Schultes f.….. PAKISTAN... Plant covered with vesicular or glandular hairs.. Gelun Zhu et al.……… 16 14a. Atriplex 12a. Hooker f. Winged appendage of perianth segments attached sub apically.......………. waste places and forest margins.. segments connate at base... Meth..……… 20 19b.... Suaeda 16b. Halocharis 20a.. Branches jointed............ Plant covered with vesicular hairs ……………………………….... 1886....... W. Brit... Cat.. Pl.. Ann.......R. Stewart.. bracteoles rudimentary.. Fruiting perianth with prickly or hooked appendage …………. Mant. Type species: A.... stigmas 4 or 5 ………………………………… Spinacia (cultivated) 11b....Vasc.... Plants usually furfuraceous....... roadsides.. perianth segments (3) 5 parted. Plant glabrous...… 13 13a.. 1: 69. 1810.. Jammu & Kashmir...... Perianth fleshy or membranous.. 2003... f......... Perianth glumaceous.... Himalaya (Mabberley 2008)...... BHUTAN and CHINA.. flowers in the upper nodes of the shoots …………………………………………......... Corispermum 12b.... India 5: 2. Plants pubescent....... chenopodioides Schrader ex Schultes f.... Plant covered with glandular hairs ……………………... Acroglochin chenopodioides Schrader ex Schult............ Flowering branches borne on shoots of same year... seeds horizontal or erect .. bracteoles developed.……………………… 18 17b......………… Bassia 15b.1822.. Fl......…………. Winged appendage of perianth segments attached at middle......... Female flowers several.. Fl.. Tamil Nadu. 1840.. hortensis Linnaeus (typ. & Veg.1813. Fl. USSR. Pistillate flowers of two kinds. Lectotype: A. Imp. Arthrophytum thomsonii (Bunge ex Boissier) Iljin in Mat. 2:1052. Brit.. 27 November. Amer. R. ed. Flowering & Fruiting: June – December Distribution: INDIA – North-West Himalayas.. fruticosum Moquin var. Acad. G. Atriplex Linnaeus. Haloxylon thomsonii Bunge ex Boissier. A. 1993.G. 1820.. 1849. 4(2): 950. S. subulifolium A. Stewart. Fl. India 5: 12.R.1876. Coasts of S. Pres. Salicornia macrostachya Moricand. PAKISTAN. between 2128 – 3600 m. AFRICA. 5 species in Mediterranean region. Hort. Monogr. Brit. 1879. Leaves almost glabrous or farinose above …………………………. 21: 81.. IRAN.. 6 species and 1 variety in India. Leaves grey to white farinose. Asia. PAKISTAN. 1853. 2: 222. 1886. A. 69.. 1845. 1916). EUROPE and N. Fl. 1753 (nom.. Atti Congr. Bot. Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moricand) K. Type species: A. W.. Phys. Schrenk.276 Chenopodiaceae in India Arthrocnemum Moquin. SRI LANKA. A. Sp. Saint-Pétersbourg 3: 211. Standley. Gamble. 1957 (repr. C.. a plant sometimes used as a substitute for spinach. Pl. 6 2a. Dendrol. W. cons. 1 in India. Ann. glauca Delile.Math. 1 in India. an orache. South Africa and South. nitens . hortensis 3b. Key to the Species 1a.. Bull. Annual herbs ………………………………………………………… 2 1b. Ball in Tutin et al. Fl. 250 species in temperate and warmer regions (Mabberley 2008). Fl.) Etymology: From the Latin atriplexum. Europea 1: 121. 3 2b. Fl. Hist.96.. Fl. West and North America (Mabberley 2008). in open rocky slopes. Prodr. cons. Cat. at least beneath ………………………….” Flowering & Fruiting: October – December Distribution: INDIA – Seacoasts of peninsular India.Vasc. “secus viam quae ad portum Malamocco ducit. Fl. Enum. Chenop. Veneta 1: 2. India 5: 16. fruticosum (Linnaeus) Moquin (Salicornia fruticosa Linnaeus) (P.. Arthrophytum A. 111. N. Arthrocnemum glaucum (Delile) Ungern– Sternberg. Hooker f. Orient. Pistillate flowers without perianth …………………………………… 4 3a. Sci. 13(2): 151. ASIA. Aegypt. Hooker f. Firenze 283.. Fasc. Madras 2: 828. Perennial shrubs ……………………………………………………. Mediterranean region. 1946. Pl. Koch. Pakistan & Kashmir 217.) Type species: A. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). Illustr. 1886. Schrenk 9 species in Western and Central Asia (Mabberley 2008). glaucum (Delile) Moquin in DC. with as well as without perianth ….1972.). Type: Italy: Venice. Cat. evidently from the Semipalatinsk District (LE). Ann. S. 1852. Cat.. URSS. Leaves rhombic-ovate.. W. Stewart. A. 1787. Ann. 2. Engish: Mountain spinach. 1936 & in Komarov. Orenburg steppe. Ann. 1840.] Flowering & Fruiting: July – January Distribution: INDIA – Western Himalayas. Meghalaya and Maharashtra. Brit. Pakistan & Kashmir 218. ex Steudel.R. PAKISTAN.. A..... up to 3650 m. A.. Fl. Brit. Fl. Punjab 125..T. Pakistan & Kashmir 218. Iljin in Komarov.. PAKISTAN. Reipubl.. Fl.. 1972. (Ledebour) 1: 11.Inflorescence blackish brown hairy. Ser. Type: Described from Germany (Wittenberg). Pl. Paul 277 4a.Vasc.. 1979. Orient. Atriplex tatarica Linnaeus var.. hortensis Linnaeus ssp. Vasc. Inflorescence without such hairs. Ann. ASIA. 1936. tatarica var pamirica 4b. 1936. Type: Tataria. Bot. R. S.2003. . R. Atriplex hortensis Linnaeus. Pl. Himachal Pradesh. Gelun Zhu et al. Ind. Punjab. Stewart. Ital. 9: 409. Nomencl. plant 5-25 cm high …. Chenopodium benghalense Spielm. Native to SW ASIA and EUROPE.. Fl.L. Flowering & Fruiting: July – January Distribution: INDIA – Growing in dry rocky slopes in Northwest Himalayas and western part between 150 – 3648 m. in Fl. Sc. t.. Stewart. 42. Pl.. Pl. Bot. Bengali: Paharipalang... pamirica (Iljin) G. 1869. Chuin.. 1: 348. Note: Leaves used as vegetable. [Steudel]. USSR 6: 85. Sp. Pl. Popul. Gujarat. W.. Iljin in Komarov. [McNeill et al. USSR 6: 98. rosea 6a. fruiting bracts serrate at apex. India 5: 6. Note: The plant is used as fodder.. W.. Pl. 1972. N. ovary ovate-globose …………………. Pakistan & Kashmir 218.……………… A. R. Hortus Sicc. Hooker f. A. Nov. Cat. Sp. Fl. Jammu & Kashmir. Bot. in Taxon 32: 552. 1886. Handb. crassifolia 5b. Marathi: Suraka. heterantha Wight. RUSSIA and C.. Cliff.R. ed.R. A. Vasc. laciniata Aitchison. R.…. The flour of seeds is reported to be valuable against vitamin A deficiency. 2: 1053. EUROPE... plant 10-90 cm high ……………… 5 5a. Giorn. Atriplex nitens Schkuhr.. Stamens connate at base ………………………. nitens Pons. Cat... Iljin in Komarov. Acad. Fl. Stocksii Atriplex crassifolia Ledebour. upper leaves linear-lanceolate. 1972. Chandanbatva. USSR 6: 85.. USSR 6: 88.... China 5:362. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). repens 6b. Type: Described from the area south of the Irtysh river. also cultivated throughout mainly in Jammu & Kashmir. 377. A.1886. Vasc. ASIA. AFGHANISTAN.……… A. Pl. 1936. introduced and cultivated in many countries. Punjab. Fl. & C. 3: 541. Stewart. Assam. pamirica Iljin in Acta Inst. Sin. 1972. Flowering & Fruiting: July – September Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalaya in temperate zone.. 2: 124. 1983. Pl. 1821. 1803. Nuov. Cat. virgata Roth.R.. W. Icon. 25(2): 46. ovary globose .. India 5: 6.…. Icon.. Hooker f. A. fruiting bracts 3-lobed at apex. West Bengal.…………… A. IRAQ and C. 1902. K. 1829. Pakistan & Kashmir 217. Rajasthan and Delhi. Stamens free …………………………………….1753. Leaves hastate triangular or ovoid-oblong. W. (BM). t. 1936. 1. Pl. 2: 1493. repens Aitchison. 1972. Atriplex stocksii Boissier. 1789. Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Icon.R. Nov. koenigii Wall. Ann.2003. Ann. Flowering & Fruiting: July – August Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalaya: Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. PAKISTAN. Andhra Pradesh. Brit. Cat. Orient. Fl..R. Ann. 1972. Pl. ed. W. 187. amaranthoides Linnaeus (Green. Fl. Orient 4: 916. A. 1852 (as ‘obeone’) Gujrati: Adban-palakh. small or obscure ………. SRI LANKA. staminate flowers in capitates inflorescence. IRAQ.E. Hooker f. lamina broadly ovate to sub orbicular. Pakistan & Kashmir 218. 1972. Brit. 2. A. Pakistan.Cat. ASIA. Fl. Icon. Cat.1763. Orient. 1886. Adbau-tanko. Fl. Punjab Pl. 6 species in India. Nov. Pl. Pl. Cat. 1753 Lectotype species: A. R. Brit.. Type: Described from India Orient Flowering & Fruiting: July – November Distribution: INDIA – Grows in coastal areas in Peninsular India. Sp. the Himalayas. 1790. 1832. Sp.). in Fl. Diagn. 1879. Wight. 4: 913. India 5: 7. A. Fl. Hooker f.278 Chenopodiaceae in India Type: Described from the vicinity of Lake Kara-kul in the Pamir (LE). Prodr. India 5: 7. Atriplex repens Roth. Stewart. Key to the Species 1a. Prop. Hooker f. Stewart. W. Pl. Pl. A. Ind. Ser. 4 in India. CHINA and S. Type: Scinde. Pakistan & Kashmir 218.(without) and xyris (razor).. 377. Cat. belangeri Boissier. prostrata . 13(2): 169. RUSSIA and EUROPE.R. 125. R.Bot. China 5:361. Flowering & Fruiting: August –November Distribution: INDIA – Growing in coastal areas in saline soil. stocksii Boissier. grifffithii Moquin var. in rock crevices. t. Stocks 542 (K). Obione koenigii Moquin in DC. 1859. Vasc. India 5: 7. 1852. Pl.. 2: 979. Sp. China. 2. Orient. Gelun Zhu et al. Note: Sometimes cultivated for leafy vegetable. Stewart. R. A. abundant. Vasc.c. t. referring to the bland flavor. AFGHANISTAN. PAKISTAN.1929). PAKISTAN and CENTRAL ASIA (Pamir mountains). 4: 73. 1886. USSR 6: 94. Fl. W. Europe. Flowering & Fruiting: July – September Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalaya in temperate zone: Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). 1849. Etymology: From the Greek a. 1886. Brit. Axyris Linnaeus.1936. n. Vasc. PAKISTAN. Ind. Central Asia East Europe to Korea (Sukhorukov l. Or. Pl. 1821. Pl. Pl. Iljin in Komarov. 1869. Pl. Atriplex rosea Linnaeus. 1879. Type: Described from S. utricles with apical appendages. Obione stocksii Wight. Stem prostrate. Pakistan & Kashmir 218. 6951. forming an emarginated crest …. CHINA. Stem erect. Pl. CENTRAL and S... mira 2b.... staminate inflorescences unbranched.. A... [Suchorukov in Feddes Repert.W.. Iljin in Komarov.. USSR 36: 114... Pl. ASIA. Axyris prostrata Linnaeus. Linn..1936.R. NEPAL.. W... leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate..... with 2 distant teeth at top. Milam glacier. 1101. Lectotype: Herb. 1972. China 5: 358. Gelun Zhu et al.. 2: 980... Fl. pericarp of brown fruits sometimes with sclereids making the fruit surface brownish red. 1972. 1101.... R.. 13(2): 116.. Flowering & Fruiting: June – October Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalayas between 2400 – 4560 m. Stewart. 2: 980.……… A. perianth slightly pubescent. 2011. Iljin in Komarov.. Gelun Zhu et al. amaranthoides Linnaeus var.. Western Himalayas between 3040 – 4256 m. RUSSIA and C.. humifusa Moquin in DC... PAKIATAN.. 2005]. Sp. K. R. CHINA..…….. Regnum Veg. 1753. sometimes also with long-rayed hairs. Cat. USSR 6: 114.6 (LINN). W.. Vasc. Paul 279 1b.. Hooker f. India 5: 9. A.. Flowering & Fruiting: August – October Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir.…... PAKISTAN. amaranthoides 3b.. Ann. Introduced in Europe and N. India 5: 8.... Kumaon.. Flowering & Fruiting: June – September Distribution: India. 2003. CHINA.. Himachal Pradesh. Brit. Vasc. Strachey & J. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh........E. S... utricles encircled by wrinkles. Linn. utricles with apical appendages forming a crest ……….... Winterbottom 2 (LE). 1848. Pl.. 2: 979... Type: Siberia. 1993]. No. pericarp surface of black fruits rugose. Axyris hybrida Linnaeus. pericarp surface smooth or with semi-concentric sculpturing ……………. no. Fl. Ann.... utricles not encircled by wrinkles.. 2 2a. Iljin in Komarov.. Sp. Uttrakhand... Fl.. without radially semiconcentric sculpturing …….. Hooker f. Pakistan & Kashmir 219... staminate inflorescences branched below.116:175.. in Fl.... Stem covered with short-rayed hairs only or basally.T. 1753. KAZAKHSTAN. 1886.......5 (LINN). Stem covered with both short and long rayed stellate hairs.. with 2 approximate teeth at top. Axyris mira Sukhorukov in Willdenowia 41(1): 76. 1101.. hybrida Axyris amaranthoides Linnaeus. 127: 23. 2003. Gelun Zhu et al. Herb. 1753. Jammu & Kashmir.. Brit. staminate flowers in spike like inflorescence. R.. Pakistan & Kashmir 219. no... China 5: 358.E..... Leaves acute or acuminate.. 1886. Lectotype: Herb. Holotype: INDIA – Uttarakhand. A.. perianth densely pubescent. 28. in Fl. sometimes marked with lines.. China 5:358.8.R. Fl.. Pl.2003. RUSSIA. 12500 feet above the sea. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.. 1936.. hairy... Sp. Fl. NEPAL.4 (LINN) [Jonsell & Jarvis in Jarvis & al... 1849.. ASIA... Linn. S. triangular …. in Fl. Pl. Leaf-tip obtuse or rounded. USSR 6: 113. 1936. 3 3a. America. Flowering & Fruiting: July – September . Prodr. mostly glabrous above. larger.. pericarp of brown fruits without sclereids... Stewart. small.. Cat... fruiting tepals with short semicircular wings. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate..P.1809. A. India 5: 10.. 187. Meyer in Schrenk. stony slopes. 1891. Karelin & I.1909. MONGOLIA. Annual herbs ……………………………………………………. scoparia Bassia dasyphylla (Fischer & C. 4 f. Kochia dasyphylla Fischer & C. Key to the species 1a.. Bot. no. Roy. 24:155. 1766. Cat. Kochia prostrata (Linnaeus) Schrader in Neues Journ. Ann. 2: 546. Pl.. Kachroo et al. 2003. Brit. . R. 1977.… B. Cat. Pakistan & Kashmir 219. Pl. NEPAL. Pakistan & Kashmir 224. Gen. & SW ASIA.. RUSSIA (S. Cat. Brit. 1: 12.. Fl.. Bassia prostrata (Linnaeus) Beck in Icon. Beitr. Chenolea divaricata (G. Kuntze. 546. W. RUSSIA (S. 1753. BHUTAN. B. Fl. Bot.. Gelun Zhu et al.fleshy. Pl. PAKISTAN.. Kirilov) Hooker f. Revis.S. Fl. Chenopodium scoparia Sp... 1: 222. Kirilov) O. 1: 221. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh) and Himachal Pradesh. China 5: 385. W. Helv. Type: Habitat ad lacum Saisang-Nor (LE). 1886. Fl. Bassia Allioni. Karelin & I.. PAKISTAN. Mosc. Fl. 1972. in Fl.. Hooker f.… 2 2a. Vasc. Hooker f. Scott in Feddes Repert. dasyphylla 2b. Lectotype species: B. 315.3: 85. 1867) (Salsola muricata Linnaeus) Etymology: Named after Ferdinando Bassi (1710 – 1774). 2003. 1753.hairy.. Germ. EUROPE. muricata (Linnaeus) Ascherson (Schweinfurth..S. glabrous or slightly hairy.W. Pl.15 (LINN). Stewart.S. Fruiting: August – October Distribution: INDIA – Grows in sandy places. CHINA.1809. Moscc. Kirilov in Bull. China 5:386. straight. Leaves semiterete or terete.P. CHINA. Bieberstein in Mem. MONGOLIA. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). Hortic 2: 445. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. & S. 1907. Flowering & Fruiting: July – September Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalayas between 3040 – 4560 m. Vasc. B. India 5: 10. Fl. PAKISTAN. Vasc. Nat. Soc.1886.. Kochia trichophylla Hort. R. Soc. Enum. 1811.R. 1: 144. 89 (2-3): 108. China 5: 384. Flowering: July – August.. Brit. Italian naturalist and curator of the Botanical garden at Bologna. Soc.P. wide based spines about as broad as disk ………………………. 10 species in warm region (Mabberley 2008).1972. fruiting perianth with acute. Bassia scoparia (Linnaeus) A. Nat. SIBERIA) and TAJIKISTAN. Sp. prostrata 1b.. Revis.. 1886. Nov. 3 in India. Ladakh 133. Aethiop. Pakistan & Kashmir 224. Linn.. Lectotype: Herb.. 15: 736. Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Schrader in Neues Journ. C. Salsola scoparia (Linnaeus) M. Melanges Philos.J. 1841. Subshrubs ………………………………………………………. dorsal. R. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. sometimes reduced to a tubercle . ex Tribune. Stewart. SIBERIA) and C.280 Chenopodiaceae in India Distribution: INDIA – Himalayas: Jammu & Kashmir and Sikkim. Ann. A. RUSSIA and S. Salsola prostrata Linnaeus. Meyer) O. IRAN. CHINA. Kuntze. Stewart. Math. Turin 3:177 t. valleys in Northwestern Himalayas up to 2900 m.. 1972. Pl.. W. 3: 85. Pl. R. Gen.2003.R. Bassia divaricata (G. 2. India 5: 11. Echinopsilon divaricatum G. Karelin & I. ASIA. 1978. Ann. 1841.1891. Leaf margins not hastate. 1753. leaves unlobed or shallowly lobed near base. ca.… C. 3 2a. Stems uniformly purple or scarlet. lamina grayish-bluish-green..parted ………………………………….…… C. China. Japan. seeds less than 2 mm in diameter ….. ficifolium 10a. 1: 218. Seeds bluntly keeled.. lower leaves to 12 cm long ……………. green with blue tinge ventrally. perianth becoming red and succulent in fruit ……………………………………………………………… C. 4 4a... middle and lateral lobes serrate …. sagittate ……………………… C. surface smooth to striate or weakly furrowed. mainly in subtropical and temperate regions. variable in shape ……………………… 12 12a... August 1929).Leaves with photonastic movement. stigma 2 or 3 fid . Leaves palmately lobed. no. 3. AMERICA.…………. pericarp readily detached ………………………………………………………………. Erect herbs. Leaves distinctly 3. karoi 7b.…… C. ………………………………………………………………… C. sagittatum 11b. seeds usually 2-3 mm in diameter …………… C. scoparia var.………… C. otherwise entire . leaves lobed or dentate ……………………………. Paul 281 Lectotype: Herb. 137... glaucum 3a..… C... cyanifolium 6b. santoshei 7a. Flowers in spicate or paniculate inflorescens.… 13 . surface finely pitted. Prop. Iran.. perianth light green... 17-20 x 10-12 cm. Sometimes escape from cultivation. RUSSIA.. lamina reddish green on dorsal side. margin bluntly toothed.. hybridum 3b.. Leaves serrate or irregularly lobed. C. 100 species (Mabberley 2008). stigma 2. Plants usually 0. Leaves hastate. inflorescence terminal panicles. K. Key to the Species 1a. AUSTRALIA and N. murale 10b. Flowering & Fruiting: June – October Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir. inflorescence terminal and axillary spikes..T... slightly succulent ………………………………………………………………….5 m tall.. Pakistan.. Note: Cultivated for ornamental foliage and also used as fodder. Leaves smaller. margin few dentate. scoparia var. adpressifolium 12b. middle lobe with dentations …. widely naturalized in AFRICA. EUROPE.. Two specimens identified as K.or 4.. Leaves very large... lower leaves up to 20 cm long ……………… 5 4b. veins reddish brown ….……… 8 8a. Nepal.…... Perianth segments mostly 5. 11 11a. 313. Brit. Lectotype species: C. Leaves not like this. Seeds sharply keeled. pericarp persistent ………. littorea Moquin and K..C. 9 8b.…………………………………………………………..lobed ………………………………. Chenopodium Linnaeus.. 2-8x1-3. Sp. C. leaf veins green ………………………………. Etymology: From the Greek Chen (goose) and podos (little foot) referring to the shape of the leaves of some species. pendulous …………………………………………… …………. album Linnaeus (Hitchcock. Stems reddish green or with reddish purple striate. 3 or 4 fid ………….. Perianth 3. It is a variable species...15-1 m tall.. Linn...5 cm. 14 in India. giganteum 5b. Plants usually 2-3.20 (LINN). Pl.lobed.. not pendulous …………………………………………………………… 6 6a. and S. Leaf margin hastate..parted ……………………………………………… 2 1b. 7 5a. Flowers in dense axillary globose inflorescens. foliosum 2b. Decumbent herbs.…. Leaves variously toothed or lobed ……………………………………… 10 9a. Leaves ovate. tattaria Mullino are deposited at BSD. hastatifolium 9b. Bot.………….. .). Holotype: INDIA . Vasc. Telegu: Pappukoora. Magyar Bot. atripliciforme Chenopodium adpressifolium Pandeya & A.. Hist. seeds punctate . f.. Aitchison 980 (G). Pl. Fl.. . FI.R. Kashmiri: Bothur.. Gelun Zhu et al. Hooker f. 1:360. Gujrati: Cheel..Plains of Northern India. Lectotype: Pakistan. 2–3 cm long. 2003. Chenopodium opulifolium sensu Hooker f. Soc. Mullin in Hara et al. Agra. Sanskrit: Bhatua arak. W. Leaves much longer than broad.1972. anthelmintic and cardiac-tonic. Long in Grierson & Long. Commonly cultivated in winter months.2003. among debris.W. Sighal & A. Flowering: January – April Distribution:.. fig.C. Pl. Bombay Nat.. K. G. Brit. 1886.. Native of Europe. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. Kurrum Valley.. Grows naturally as weed in winter crop fields in moist places.. Flowering & Fruiting: January – August Distribution: Throughout India. S) (Uotila in Ann.2. Linn. Kanada: Huchuchakkotha. Fennici 30: 191.. Vasc.Northwestern Himalayas. IRAN. The seeds are consumed after cooking like rice or oatmeal and considered nutritious. 1886. p. album 13b. in Fl... Iran.. College.8 (LINN).. Ann. Dayalbagh Educational Inst. 313.E. also cooked as vegetable. Stewart. usually over 3 cm long. Agra. PAKISTAN and N.p.. Pakistan & Kashmir 220. Hist. Enum.K. p. Fl.. Pl. Soc. C..S. no. 1997.. Agra). Nepal 3: 170.Uttar Pradesh. Isolectotypes (C. Uotila in Rech. Brit. Pandey 102 (Botany Dept. roadsides and other moist places. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.p. S. Pandeya 910 (R. 1998. Orient. Bhatnagar in J. C. 1982. Cat. India 5: 3. Brit. Lapok. 1886 auct. non Schrader ex Koch & Ziz. Chenopodium cyanifolium Pandeya. 1984.. seeds smooth . 4: 901. Note: Tender shoots are eaten raw in salad or with curd. Fl. Commonly occurs in winter months as weed along with Chenopodium album Linnaeus Note: Commonly used as leaf vegetable. 1879. C. tanko. Hindi: Bathua sag.1999.. 100(1): 87. Lectotype: Herb. R.1753. gardens. 95(3): 480. R. Flowering & Fruiting: May – October Distribution: INDIA . Pl. Ann. Bot.T. Bhutan 1(2): 217. album Linnaeus sensu Hooker f. in Fl. J. Boissier. Dayalbagh. Fl.B. W. Bombay Nat. 1993).. Cat. Leaves about as long as broad.. Jammu & Kashmir. NEPAL. Pandeya in J. Fl. ASIA. Chenopodium album Linnaeus.172: 53. Shálozán. India 5: 3. China 5:386. 3A.. Stewart. 1972. Note: Tender shoots are edible. The herb is reported to be laxative. Kurram. Pandeya & A. Marathi: Chakvar. India 5: 3. also growing as weeds in cultivated fields. 26.1879. 1902.R. Aug. Fl. G-BOIS. Flowering: February – April Distribution: Throughout India.. Sp. AFGHANISTAN. Tamil: Parappukeerai. Bengali: Chandan bethu. 1: 219. Holotype: India.282 Chenopodiaceae in India 13a. Chenopodium atripliciforme Murr. . Cat. AMERICA. in Fl. E. Brit. Pl. Fl. Ann. Enum. Most of ASIA. AUSTRALIA and N. illeg. Brit. between 3648 – 5400 m. Lectotype: Herb. Fl. Additions : 11. 313. China 5: 379. Note: Leaves used as vegetable.. Chenopodium glaucum Linnaeus. Cat. based on Blitum virgatum Linnaeus. USSR 6: 65. Bhutan 1(2): 217. France 54: 178. in Fl. C. PAKISTAN. Hooker f.. stony places and hill slopes in North and Northwestern Himalayas between 1550 – 3600 m.17 (LINN). 1879. Note: The plant is reported to be toxic to animals.. Type: ‘Süddeutschland einheimisch’. Nepal. Flowering & Fruiting: July – August Distribution: INDIA – Grows in hill slopes. 2: 25. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh. Meth. West Bengal and Northeastern states. 1971. C. album Linnaeus sensu Hooker f. Cultivated and becoming naturalized in subtropical and temperate regions. Gelun Zhu et al. 1936. Sp. W. 1800.R. 2003. 2003. river banks. Soc. Hara et al. 1: 4. India 5: 5. 1: 572. K. Flowering & Fruiting: May – September Distribution: INDIA – Grows in sandy. Prodr. Smith. 1980. in waste places and fallow fields. Monocarpus foliosum Moench. Sp. Hooker f. IRAN. R. EUROPE and N.p. China 5:383. AFRICA. 407. India 5: 3. amaranticolor Coste et Reynier in Bull. p. NEPAL. Brit. Stewart. Bombay Nat. 1972. NEPAL. India 5: 4. 1: 276. Long in Grierson & Long. Bot.T. 1: 220. Himachal Pradesh. Rupsu). ASIA. PAKISTAN. ambigua R. China 5:379. 1886. occasionally naturalized in other regions.C. Prodr. Fl. 1753. Fl. 1972. Chenopodium blitum F. Gelun Zhu et al. Uttarakhand. no. Jammu & Kashmir. Orient.E. Fl. Pl. Himal. Gelun Zhu et al. Hist. 2003. Vasc. Fl. Chenopodium giganteum D. 1984. Brown.. West Bengal. 100(1): 91. 342. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. Superfl. Hara in Fl. Fl. naturalized in N.2003. RUSSIA. Ann. IRAN. in Fl. Pl. China 5: 382. CHINA. 1907. C & SW ASIA. W. Mueller. Paul 283 Chenopodium ficifolium J. 1794 nom. Note: Plant is used as vegetable. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. in fields. It is a variable species represented by various forms with little taxonomic significance. Pl. Stewart. Type: Nepal. Fl. Chenopodium foliosum Ascherson. N. Don. Fl. H. AFRICA. Gelun Zhu et al. 75. Fl. CHINA. 1810. Chenopodium hastatifolium Pandeya & A. Wallich Flowering & Fruiting: May – November Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir. AFGHANISTAN.. 2003. CHINA and JAPAN. Boissier. BHUTAN.R. India. Bhutan 1(2): 218. 1984. 1825. 1886. Linn. Pl. C. 1753. Iljin in Komarov. 1864. AFRICA and EUROPE. Brit.. in Fl.1874. Nepal 3: 170. Vasc. Type: “About London. E. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. EUROPE. Fl. Long in Grierson & Long. 4: 903. Pandeya in J. R. Soc. 1886. Curtis” Flowering & Fruiting: January – June Distribution: INDIA – Eastern Himalaya in subtropical to temperate zone. Prodr. Brandenb. Select Pl. 6953D.. up to 2000 m. Flowering & Fruiting: May – August Distribution: India: Himalayas between 4260 – 4570 m. n. 12. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. Khartua. 1849. 2003. in London J. W.. Chenopodium sagittatum Pandeya & A. 26: 149. Hist. ilicifolium Griffith. The pollen grains of the plant cause allergy. 1847. Ann. C. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh. CHINA. Agra). Fl.4: 337. Pl. prostratum Bunge ex Herder in Acta Hort. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. College. W. Pl. 1886. 13(2): 68. Repert. Hooker f. Chenopodium hybridum Linnaeus. Chenopodium murale Linnaeus. congestum Hooker f. China 5: 382. R. Nepal 3: 170. Ann. Grows naturally as weed in winter crop fields in moist places. Bhutan 1(2): 218.1999. Punjabi: Bahu. Stewart.C. Mullin in Hara et al.Almost cosmopolitan. Pl.C. C. Agra. Fl. Brit. Not.Vasc. C.3. Rajasthani: Goyalo. 1972. Brit. 313. 1886. Linn. 1879. Pandeya & A. S. W. Sp. Asit.R. album Linnaeus ssp. S. Vasc. C. 1972. 1: 219. Stewart. 1923. 2003. 15. 1: 219. 1832. C. Asiat.1972. Hindi: Khartua. 1982. gandhium BuchanonHamilton in Wall. Whole plant is used as vermifuge. Chenopodium karoi (Murr) Allen in Fedde. Cat. Lectotype: Herb. Pandeya in J. Ann. Boissier. CHINA. Flowering & Fruiting: August – March Distribution: INDIA – Throughout. Fl. CENTRAL ASIA. Pfl. hookerianum Moquin in DC.1929. Khad-bathod. 1753.R. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. Pl. MONGOLIA. Note: The plant is used as vegetable. Voralberg 97. JAPAN. Fl. Stewart. Holotype: India.No. 2003. native of Southern Europe and Asia.1854 & Icon. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.R. BHUTAN. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. Type: Described from Siberia. A common weed in gardens and cultivated fields.3.1889 non Schultes 1820. C. India 5: 4. N.. R.B. C.6 (LINN).1999. Kistawar). Pandeya & A.. Pl. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh) and Sikkim.S. Flowering: January – April Distribution: Plains of Northern India. Cat. PAKISTAN. Farn-ubl. 4: 902. Note: Tender shoots are edible. RUSSIA. Orient. 4: plate 521. 1854.B. Cat. Flowering: January – April . Kurunal. Long in Grierson & Long. Gujati: Barello. Neue Ubers.284 Chenopodiaceae in India Holotype: INDIA – Agra. KOREA. karoi Murr. Soc. AFRICA and N. 100(1): 89. Petrop. Hooker f. 1753. between 2500 – 3646 m. Prodr. Fl. ASIA and RUSSIA. Type: Described from Europe Flowering & Fruiting: July – september Distribution: INDIA – Himalayas. AMERICA. China 5: 381. Pandeya 911 (R. 6: 280. Pl. Bot. India 5: 3. EUROPE. R. Bombay Nat. PAKISTAN. Vasc. Pandeya 911 (R.S. Pl. 1984. 10: 594. Sp. Seeds are used as cereal. Cat. Agra). Pl. College. 2. album Linnaeus sensu Hooker f.Cat. Dayalbagh. ikramii Aellen in Candollea 19: 207. Flowering: February – April Distribution: Throughout India. India 5: 3. 1810.R. Pl.W. R. Brown. 1 in India.R. 1998. 42(2): 471. 1987. Lectotype species: C. Type: Described from Karakorum (LE). in Fl. ladakhianum Grey-Wilson & Wadhwa in Kew Bull. hyssopifolium sensu Hooker f. Bot. in Fl. India 5: 9. C. Sp. 1964. hyssopifolium Linnaeus (N. There is no further record or collection of it from India. Sp.Pakistan & Kashmir 222. Bot. C. Hitchcock. China 5: 371. Brit. Stewart. Hist. 65 species in north temperate region (Mabberley 2008). Jard. Brown. ed. Type species: Dysphania littoralis R. EXCLUDED SPECIES: Chenopodium vulvaria Linnaeus. Princ. 95(3): 484. Stewart. Fl. p. URSS 28: 641. Corispermum tibeticum Iljin in Bull. Ann. Note: Tender shoots are edible. Cat.L. Flowering & Fruiting: August – September Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalayas between 3040 – 4175 m. G. Bhatnagar in J. Stewart. R. Ill. However there is no further record or collection of it from India. C. Vasc. Ann. ASIA.p.Vasc. W.) this species occurs in Kashmir. CHINA. Pakistan & Kashmir 221. R. According to R. According to R. EXCLUDED SPECIES Corispermum korovinii Iljin. August 1929). Chenopodium santoshei Pandeya. PAKISTAN.R. Soc..). Brit. may be in Pakistan. 1972. 1913. Dysphania R. Stewart (l . 1972.1753. 115. 1929.Pl. 1929. 1972. 1 (a-h). Pl. 1753. K. Pakistan & Kashmir 222. Singhal & A. R. Stewart (l. 28: 644. Dayalbagh Educational Inst. Grows naturally as weed in winter crop fields in moist places. Corispermum Linnaeus. Florae Novae Hollandiae 411. Pl. Prop. Brown . C. 2003.) this species occurs in Ladakh (based on the collection of Koelz 6461). Britton et A. Pandey 103 (Botany Dept. Fl.S.R. Paul 285 Distribution: Plains of Northern India.c. Pl. Ann.T. c. Holotype: INDIA – Uttar Pradesh. Prodr.W. Princ. 1886. Bot.Vasc. Bull.Jard. N. 1: 220. C. Bombay Nat. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh).U. Agra. fig. Commonly occurs in winter months as weed along with Chenopodium album Linnaeus Note: Leaves used as vegetable. 1886 non Linnaeus 1753.2:20. 1: 4. Brit. Zhu Gelin et al.Cat. Enum. Ladaki: Sahanik. Note: It’s a very polymorphic species. IRAN.. . catarrhal or spasmodic condition. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. Pl. Type: Herb. Enum.Vasc. Hindi: Kathna.. emmenagogue and antispasmodic. Hooker f. Flowering & Fruiting: May – October Distribution: INDIA – Grows in sandy soil. Pl. No. Himachal Pradesh. t. Pflanzenfam.. India 5: 4. 1886. ilicifolium Griffith. 1: 219. Uttarakhand and Sikkim.. Brit. 290. (ii) The species is used as a popular medicine of Asthma. 16C: 580. Dysphania botrys (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants.. Pl. ambrosioides 1b. Pl. NEPAL. 1972. Chenopodium botrys Linnaeus. India 5: 4. AFRICA. flower clusters cymosely arranged on leafless spikes . Grows as weed. Lamina ovate or oblong.. dry river belt.... Stewart. Note: (i) A native of tropical America. Distribution: Throughout India. Jammu & Kashmir..59: 383. D. Punjab. Cat. ASIA. apparently in reference to the small flowers.. Linn. Lectotype: Herb. flower clusters in panicled leafy spikes . Brit. C. Zhurn.. 1934). Pl. Pakistan & Kashmir 220. China 5: 377. Ca.. Fl. 13(2): 201. ... Chenopodium ambrosioides Linnaeus. 1854. 4: 337 et in Icon. 2.. Bot. 2003.R. Kanada: Kaaduvoma . E. sulphura Moquin (Ulbrich in Engler et Prantl. 37. Pl. PAKISTAN. Africa. 1886. Ann.286 Chenopodiaceae in India Etymology: From the Greek dysphanes (obscure). Cat. 1984. W. pectoral. Sometimes it is cultivated for an essential oil used in perfumery. 1840. Trop. Linn. 2002. Asiat. Chenopodiaceae: 10. 313/12 (LINN). Pl. cultivated fields and waste places. Nat. Ukrayins’k. Rajasthan. Long in Grierson & Long... migraine etc. Vastuk. Bot. suffruticosum Willdenow.W. botrys Dysphania ambrosioides (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants.. EUROPE and N.... Hort. Chenop. 2 in India. cosmopolitan especially in warmer region (Mabberley 2008). 1809. Fl. Naturalised in other subtropical to warm-temperate regions. Halocharis Moquin in DC. 1: 220. 313/13 (LINN) [Brenan in Turrill & Milne-Redhead. W. Sp.. 1753. Long in Grierson & Long. Fl. 2002. 521.China 5: 377. D. The herb is considered as tonic. No... R. RUSSIA. Throughout Northwestern part and Himalayas up to 4200 m. anthelminticum Linnaeus. 32 species. Bhutan 1(2): 218.Lamina oblong or elliptic-lanceolate. R. Ukrayins’k. Zhurn. Lectotype species: H. Ann. Ambrina bortys Moquin. 1753. Fl. Notul.R. 2003. C & S. It is also employed in treating nervous affections. 1984. BHUTAN.. Zhu-Gelin et al in Fl.1849. Sp.. Malayalam: Kattayamodagum. Hooker f. 1753.59: 382. 1954].. Key to the Species 1a. CHINA.. Bhutan 1(2): 218. Flowering & Fruiting: Throughout the year. Pakistan & Kashmir 220. C. ed. Berol. Fl. C. Vasc. Native of tropical America. Stewart. Dried and powered leaves are used for flavouring food in Ladakh. Prodr.. 1: 219. 1972. Sp. Leaves and tender shoots are used as vegetable.. Monogr. ..…………. 1 in India. Himachal Pradesh.. now in Pakistan. R.Vasc. 1-3.. Brit.1829. Mosc. Acad. Halogeton glomeratus (M.. salty) and geiton (neighbor). Hooker f. 1806. utricles rounded or roundedoval ………. 1862. appendage of perianth segments sub-orbicular. appendage of perianth segment somewhat triangular.. Peshawar valley. 1972.A. 1 species and 1 variety in India..A. glomeratus (M. Sc. utricles depressed subglobose …. Bieberstein in Mem. Alt. K.. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. Mater. However R. tibeticus Bunge in Mem. Rev. H. Nov. however the identity could not be confirmed due to incomplete specimen. Key to the varieties 1a. var. (ii) A single collection from Ladakh identified as Halocharis sulphurea (Moquin) Moquin is deposited at BSD.A. c. Pl. Leaves not clustered.R. AFGHANISTAN. Bot. Stewart. 1: 378. 42(2): 473. Fl. Meyer Etymology: From the Greek hals (sea. ellipsoid or ovoid with a tuft of long white hairs in axils. Icon. 1886. tibeticus var. c. ASIA and RUSSIA (S. Centr. W. glomeratus 1b. Paul 287 13 species in Southwest and Central Asia (Mabberley 2008). Meyer in Ledebour.. 63 t. Leaves in clusters. Iljin in Komarov. 1862.. Kazakhstan) (LE).T. USSR 6: 352. Flowering & Fruiting: July – November .. Wadhwa 59345 (Holotype: K. Flowering & Fruiting: March – August Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern India. Brit.……. 11: 94. Type: INDIA – Kashmir.. Meyer. Anabas. 1966. Bieberstein) C. AFGHANISTAN and IRAN... Type species: H. India 5: 20. 7. H. Imp. Soc. Pakistan & Kashmir 222. Pl.) recorded its occurrence in India from Spitug near Leh in Himachal Pradesh. Azii. 4. kashmirianus Grey-Wilson & Wadhwa in Kew Bull.……………………….. fig.. Hooker f.. 1: 110.) recorded its occurrence in Western Punjab plains.2 (a-h) 1987. 1936. leaf arista 1. SIBERIA). Kandahar) and Pakistan (Baluchistan).. Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). Note: (i) Hooker (l. Cat.R... Fl. Nat.E. India 5: 19. ser. glomeratus Type: Described from Siberia (apparently from N.... Imp. Bieberstein) C.. 1: 10.Anabasis glomeratus M.5 – 2 mm long.. China 5: 400. Inst. tibeticus (Bunge) Grubov in Rast. E and SW Afghanistan (Ghazni. meaning near the sea. PAKISTAN. Halocharis violacea Bunge. CHINA. 1829. Petersb.. Ann. Komarov 2: 117. PAKISTAN. Flowering &Fruiting: July – September Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalayas between 3648 – 4560 m. 2003. Stewart (l. linear-oblong. Fl. Fl. leaf arista ca 5 mm long. Isotype: BSD). 5 species in Mediterian to central Asia (Mabberley 2008). Halogeton C.. 1886. Syntypes: SE Persia (Kerman). C.. var. var. stocksii 1b. Ann.. AFRICA.1844. Klein (B-WILLD). 2. 23 species. Halosarcia indica (Willdenow) Paul G. Arthrocnemum indicum (Willdenow) Moquin. salicornicum Haloxylon stocksii (Boissier) Bentham & Hooker f.1883... Naturf. Mongolia. Enum. Salicornia indica Willdenow in Ges. H.737..1980.p. PAKISTAN and CHINA (TIBET).:Bholado.Chenop. Fenzl in Ledebour. 4. 1886. plants pale yellowish on drying . Flowering: August – February Distribution: INDIA – Tamil Nadu. Ind. Fl. Stems and branches slender. 2 in India.Vasc. Bengali: Jadu palong. A. Fr. Jammu & Kashmir. Ca. Or. plants blackish grey on drying …………………………. Leaves reduced to the dilated tips of the joints. Nov.. Key to the Species 1a. Type: India – Madras.A. Wilson (Arthrocnemum halocnemoides C. 1: 1552. Stems and branches robust.K. Hindi: Khar Key to the varieties 1a. Monogr. 1: 1019. Halosarcia Paul G.. 1 in India... halocnemoides (C. Icon. Gen. Leaves distinct. in reference to the succulent stems.1980. 2:111 t. D. Type: H.. 2(4): 75. Brit.1799. 113. Sanskrit: Subhar.G. Nees) Paul G. Ross. PAKISTAN. Pakistan & Kashmir 217.D.Wilson. . recurvum Bunge sensu Hooker f. Mediterranean to Iran. Fenzl [Anabasis ammodendron C. AUSTRALIA and TROPICAL E. Lectotype: H. 1972. Ser. Brit. Hooker f. 1840. 1 extended to Malesian region (Mabberley 2008). Pfeiffer. Cat. Gujrati. Nees) Etymology: From the Greek halos (salt) and sarx (flesh). R. Suvar. indicum . 1858. SRI LANKA. Ind. H. Wilson in Nuytsia 3(1): 63. Telegu: Koyya-pippili. Myanmar to South-West China (Mabberley 2008). 2. Tranquebar. 27 Nov 1874. Orient.. 3:70. p. Hindi: Machola. India 5: 15. Pl. Pl.G.. hardy.. Fl. branches recurved………………… var. Fl. India 5:12. 1879.288 Chenopodiaceae in India Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern Himalayas in temperate zone. Fl. Wight. Neue Schr. f. stocksii 1b. Marathi: Machur. Meyer) E. branches straight or irregular………. Nuytsia 3: 28. Stewart.G. Haloxylon Bunge ex E. Pl.3: 819. Ned. Meyer] L.t. Salicornia brachiata Miquel... ammodendron (C.. Diagn. Tamil: Umari. Note: The species can absorb salt from soil and used as salad and pickles.. MALAYSIA.. H. W. Salsola stocksii Boissier. fleshy. Pl. Ca 25 species in W. Nom..R...var.. Dec 1851.1886. Hooker) with same details. which is used for making soap.c. Note: The plant is a source of crude sodium carbonate. stocksii Type: Pakistan: “in ditionibus Beloutschistan et Scinde Indiae finitimis”.1794. Hooker f. EXCLUDED SPECIES Haloxylon multiflorum Bunge ex Boissier. var. Hooker (l. t.1879. 2477 (ex herb. The occurrence of this species in Rajasthan is doubtful due to wrong identification (Bhandari. Noltie (l. 145 (Botany of Robert Wight): 214. SRI LANKA and MYANMAR. Fl. 2477 without any details and another with Wight’s signature with type locality as ‘coimbatore’. Paul 289 var. But there are another two Wight’s original specimens seems to be syntypes are at CAL: one with Kew distribution (Wight) no. Caroxylon recurvum Wallich ex Moquin in DC. 1846” and two sheets with field no.1886. Flowering & Fruiting: August – December Distribution: INDIA – Grows in saline habitat in Northwestern region. Orient.4: 949. Pl. 1997) suggested that the slender forms of Burmese and South Indian plants mentioned by J. 1886. India 5: 15. 1978).D. 13(2): 175.no. 1886.T. PAKISTAN. 6943.R.E.. Paul comb. Hooker. Salsola recurva Wallich Cat. Fl. indicum (Wight) T.1879. Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu and the slender forms with recurved branches are recognized here as variety of H. It is also used as camel-fodder. Haloxylon salicornicum (Moquin) Bunge ex Boissier. Flowering & Fruiting: September – February Distribution: INDIA – Gujarat.Cat. Orient. Ind.. Iranica 172: 322. . H. Fl. W. IRAN. 1832. Hooker f. Caroxylon salicornicum Moquin in DC. Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. Orient.4: 949. Fl.) mentioned 3 syntype specimens of Caroxylon indicum deposited at K of which one with field ticket “ Coimbatore. Note: Plant is used as fodder. 1872.p. Ann. Hooker f. Rajasthan. ASIA. Pl. 1879. Desert 330.. Brit. et stat.) validly published the combination as Haloxylon indicum (Wight) Noltie. Jan. Fl. recurvum (Wallich ex Moquin) Bunge ex Boissier. Haloxylon indicum (Wight) Noltie. Griffith 1796 (K). Fl.c. 1852. Fl. Regnum Veg. Stocks (G). India 5: 16. Icon. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.4: 949. Orient. Stewart. 13(2): 174. Rajasthan and Punjab. Notes: (i) J. . AFGHANISTAN and W. p. Hindi: Lana Holotype: Afghanistan.K.D. 2005. stocksii.c. 1849. though he earlier (1883) named the robust form as Salsola stocksii. J. so it is excluded.) are different and stated that Caroxylum indicum Wight should be the earliest name of this form. nov. Noltie (l.. 5(2): 6. K. Brit. (1886) recognized both the robust and slender forms of this species as one species – Haloxylon recurvum Bunge. PAKISTAN and AFGHANISTAN.Vasc. Ind. Pakistan & Kashmir 224.. Brit. Flowering & Fruiting: December – March Distribution: INDIA – Punjab. Prodr. Prodr. (ii) It is found that both the forms are growing in the same localities of Gujarat. R. India 5: 16. Gujarat. 1849.Caroxylon indicum Wight. Hedge (Fl. Fl. Brit.. . Pl. Wt. Type: K. PAKISTAN. odontoptera Schrenk in Bull. Acad.Vasc. 1948. Wings of fruiting perianth segment oblong.……………… K. Kochia stellaris Moquin. Ic. 93. Ann. Pl. AFGHANISTAN. ASIA. R. Flowering & Fruiting: June – October Distribution: INDIA – Northwestern and peninsular India up to 4000 m. Pakistan & Kashmir 225.Vasc. Punjab. Pakistan & Kashmir 224.. NORTH AFRICA and S. Jammu & Kashmir. Cat.. 1845. Bélanger 436 (G) Flowering & Fruiting: June – August Distrib. 2005) mentioned the probable Holotype of this species (Coimbatore.2479 and another without any label but with field no. 1772. Pl..290 Chenopodiaceae in India Kochia Roth in J.16: 551. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. India: Northwestern Himalayas between 2432-3648 m. Bot. Sci.. Burtt in Kew Bull 3: 43... These two sheets are also probable Isotypes.P. Delhi and Tamil Nadu. 145: 215. 1801... leaves elliptic or linear-oblong . Wings of fruiting perianth segment broadly triangular ovate. 5 species throughout World (Mabberley 2008). It is also reported to use as a cardiac stimulant. Novi Comment. Type : Described from Coimbatore in Salt soil. (iii) There are also two sheets of this species at CAL: one with HRWP labelled with field no. Sc. R... 1791. Type: Persia. Wight” though identified by him as ‘Salsola’.1852. India 5: 11. Petersb. R W” and another sheet with “near Coimbatore 1847. Key to the Species 1a. Monogr. Enum. strongly nerved.R.. Icon.. 2003... 1872. K.. 1879.. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. 2 in India. t. Dried plant is used as fuel.. Iran. Herb Wight) is at K and a remounted sheet with HRWP label (Herb Robert Wight proper) with no annotation is possible an Isotype is also at K. f. Wight 2479. 19th century German doctor and professor of Botany. 1972.. 1840.. Krascheninnikovia Gueldenstaedt. leaves linear …………….1886. Orient.. Brit. Hook. Hooker f... 1886. griffithii Bunge ex Boissier. narrow towards base with unequal toothed margin. China 5: 385. Nov. Pakistan and China... Orient. K.... Stewart.. Oct. indica Kochia indica Wight. 5(2): 5. Fl.1843.W. C.. W. (ii) Noltie (Regnum Veg. R... obtuse. 1852.. Petrop. Chenop. Afghanistan.. Stewart. W. Acad. arenaria Roth Etymology: Named after Wilhelm Daniel Josef Koch. R.. 1: 361.…….…. 1847. India 5: 11. K. There are also two another Wight’s collections of this species deposited at CAL from the type locality: one sheet with “Coimbatore... 1800 (1): 307. nerves inconspicuous. Cat..1791. Himachal Pradesh. Fl.. Ind. Imp. Notes: (i) The plant is an excellent fodder. Ann.4: 924. A variable species. stellaris 1b. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. referring to the hornlike branches of the saline plants. 16: 548. Cat. NEPAL. Ann. 1984. Britton et A. N. Temperate and alpine regions of the Himalayas. Umarikeerdi.S. India 5: 9.R. in Bentham & Hooker f. Brit. Ind. 1in India. Meyer in Ledebour. Tamil: Umari Kerrai. Sittumari. 1753. 1:82.T. Roxb. 2. Fl. August 1929). 1 in India. 115. 1880 & in Fl. Fl. Flowering & Fruiting: August – November Distribution: India: Throughout the Himalayas between 4200-5400 m. 555. Type: “Tataria. Pl. S. Paul 291 Type: K. India 5: 8. Jammu & Kashmir. . Type: Bengal in salt marshes. 3:56. Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (Linnaeus) Gueldenstaedt in Nov. Pavalappundu.. SIBERIA. Zeyl. China 5: 359. Brit. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. USSR 6: 108.. AMERICA. Pl. 2003. India 5:12.E. tibeticum Hooker f. Bhutan 1(2): 219. 2: 979. 1858. Salicornia Linnaeus. Etymology: From the Greek Sal (salt) and cornus (horn). ceratoides (Linnaeus) Gueldenstaedt (Axyris ceratoides Linnaeus) Etymology: For the 18th century Russian botanist Stephan Petrovich Krascheninnikov. 25 species. 1: 3. Eurotia ceratoides (Linnaeus) C.. 79. EUROPE. 1814 nom. Salicornia brachiata Roxburgh. Fl. 1886. north of Kumaon. CHINA.W. 2003. Fl. Hooker f. et Fl. nud. Pl.Vasc. Fl. Arthrocnemum indicum Thwaites. 1:84. Syntypes: Western Tibet: Topedunga. Pl. Prop. Type species: M. 1772. Brit.. Fl. 1913. 1936. AFRICA and N. Hitchcock.” Herb. Hooker f.1880. PAKISTAN. Gen. 1833. 2: 21. R.1886. Comm. Pakistan & Kashmir 225. sea coasts and salt habitat (Mabberley. Petrop. Fl. Gujrati: Muchul. Sp. Ill. 4: 239. Iljin in Komarov. cosmopolitan. europaea Linnaeus (N.U. Pl. Uttarakhand and Sikkim. 1101/1 & 2 (LINN). Linn. Stewart. West North America (Mabberley 2008). Brit. in Bentham & Hooker f. Strachey & Winterbottom (E). Acad. 3 species in Mediterranean region. Monotypic. 1832 (ed. Long in Grierson & Long. Roxburgh. Himachal Pradesh. Carey). W. Lectotype: S. E. Bot. MONGOLIA. Flowering & Fruiting: June – September Distribution: INDIA – Himalayas between 2400 – 4700 m. temperate Asia. 2008). ed. L. Sp. Axyris ceratoides Linnaeus. 246.A. Enum. Moravia. Hort. Beng. Pl. Microgynoecium tibeticum Hooker f.No. Telegu: Koyalu. NEPAL. Ait. BHUTAN and CHINA. 1886. K. Ind. Brown. Carey & Wallich). 3: 56. AFGHANISTAN. China 5: 357. Gen. N. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl. 1972.1820 (ed. 1753. Microgynoecium Hooker f. RUSSIA. shora. Sudan 1: 111. 1775. ASIA. Punjab ed. & W. Note: The young shoots are eaten after pickling.Pl. Orient.1849.R. spinescent.. 1753. Rajasthan. Fl. Perianth segments stiff. leaves slightly clasping stem.. 26 l. Iran. Pl.. kali ssp. lana. Sp. ASIA and N. 172:193. W. Flowering & Fruiting: August – October Distribution: INDIA – North and north western region in sandy. Anglo-Egypt. Prop.. Plants robust. t. AFRICA. Brit. Monogr.… S.09. AMERICA. 46: 138... Icon.. Plants herbaceous. Gujarat. Freitag in Rech. 1886.. imbricata 1b. Veg.. Salsola imbricata Forsskål. Pl.. plants with this name usually have a high salt tolerance) 130 species. Salsola foetida Delile ex Moquin.1976. Punjabi: Gora lane.. . fleshy. Bot. Pl. bracts patent . Forest Fl. Ind.. Seeds yield high quality edible oil. Chenop. Brit. Fl. 34. Boulos in Kew Bull. C. Moquin in DC. Salsola baryosma (Schultes) Dandy in Andrews. leaves semi-amplexicaule. 1924. The plant is used as fodder.1840. SRI LANKA. PAKISTAN.. Syst. Hodeida.. Annual herb. 1886. 1795. Rajasasthani: Lani.. 46: 138. cosmopolitan. 09.…. Pl. CHINA. f. cuspidate or short acuminate. Key to the Species 1a. Aegypt. S. Icono. Salsola Linnaeus. 1997. IRAN. collina Salsola collina Pallas. kali Linnaeus (Hitchcock. 1852..1991. 2: 418. leaves subglobose.. PAKISTAN. Perennial shrub branches not spinescent.J. t. glabrous or minutely hispidulous.c. Type: [SE Europ. 1991). Fl. 28.1803. leaves ovate – subulate or linear …………… 2 2a. scabrid or glabrous. tragus 2b. Russia].Arab. C. densely hispidulous.. Fl. Etymology: From the Latin salsa (salty. 2003. MONGOLIA. KOREA. Chenopodium baryosma Schultes in Roemer & Schult. (Boulos in Kew Bull.. Hook. 2:188. S. Hooker f. Haryana. Brit. f. Fl. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl..143. Ill..1: 222. 1950. perianth segments membranous. Punjab.1929).. J. 6: 269. IRAQ. Parker. India 5: 18. gravelly soil. 57.. China 5: 409. bracts appressed …….. Lectotype species: S.. India 5: 17. Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.292 Chenopodiaceae in India Flowering & Fruiting: April – October Distribution: INDIA – Throughout the seacoast and salt marshes: Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. spinescens Wight.. Flowering & Fruiting: June – September Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh) and Himachal Pradesh.. 2 species and 1 subspecies in India.. 137. Wood 1184 (K). in seacoasts and other salt habitats (Mabberley 2008). A jugo Uralensi descendentium” Pallas.. 1820. Inter Rhymnum et Samaram fl. EUROPE and N. Prod. Enum.… S.13. long acuminate. AFGHANISTAN.. Telegu: Ellakura Neotype: Yemen. . Onomat. SW & C. Georg. seeds beaked. Cons. 2: 13... 1920. F. S. S. Bot. Russk. younger leaves sickle shaped.. Perennials. Leaves linear to oblong. 1936. Fl. & Prantl. monoica 3a..16c: 565. Bot.. 315..Pl. Obsch. 1983. USSR 36: 213. maritima 4b.Otd. Suaeda Forsskål ex J. Leaves linear. microsperma . Holotype: Linn.. Note: This species is highly polymorphic. stigmas 2-5.. but no specimen is available for study...…... branches with prominent leaf scars . Brit.. AMERICA.. 2 1b.F. ruthenica Iljin in Weeds USSR.T.). Kashmir Himal. Annuals. Flowers bisexual. Cat. younger leaves straight. ASIA. S.... nudiflora 3b... seeds usually vertical ………………………………. Fl.. in seacoasts and salt steppe (Mabberley 2008).c.. stigmas 3 ………………………………….…… S. 3 2b.. forming a tuft in leaf axils after falling of fruiting perianth …………………………………………. Bract and bracteoles entire or denticulate.. cosmopolitan.3 (LINN) Flowering & Fruiting: June – August Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh). Hazara & Delhi 417.. II 13. Punjabi: Sajjibuti. It is a source of ‘Sajji’. Pflanzenfam. Parker (l. Gmelin. S. Ind.. in coastal areas …………………………………………….. India 5: 17.. Pl. RUSSIA.. 1934.. 110 species. but no specimen is available for study. Vasc. sensu Hooker f. Zhu Gelin et al in Fl.) Etymology: From the Arabic vernacular name of this plant. Fl.) erroneously recorded it from Kashmir. It contains a large amount of sodium...1776 (nom. tragus (Linnaeus) Celakovsky. Paul 293 Note: The plant is used as camel food.. a crude form of sodium carbonate.... W. 1934. Stewart (l. 1756. Punjab. 4(5): 28.) this species occurs in Kashmir.. kali Linnaeus. in Journ. 4 2a. Salsola kali Linnaeus ssp. Turkestansk. Stewart. For.….. Flowers unisexual. 1905. CHINA. Soc.……. 1886.. Gmelin (typ. 1872. Alp. Ann. Dhar & Kachroo. Salsola tragus Linnaeus. vera Forsskål ex J. 1934. 1: 276. Key to the Species 1a. Pakistan & Kashmir 226. China 5: 411. Himalayas ………………….. Young shoots are edible after boiling. cons. Iljin in Komarov. linear-oblong. Compl..... Salsola drummondii Ulbrich in Engl. AUSTRALIA. 5 in India. EXCLUDED SPECIES Salsola paulsenii Litvinov in Izv. Parker. Cent.. not forming any tuft .. 8: 797.c. K. S.…. 1756. Blatter et al.. fruticosa 4a. S. PAKISTAN. Cent..R. 166. 2003.. Type: S. kali Linnaeus ssp. seeds with no beak. According to R. AFRICA.. R.. Pl. ed.. EUROPE and N... floral leaves only oblong.horizontal or vertical.R. Fl. Bract and bracteoles with pectinate margins. calcium as well as oxalic acid... seeds vertical or horizontal ………. 2: 137. Note: A rare plant. Pl. (ii) A much polymorphic species. 13(2): 165. Pl. W. Gmelin in Linnaeus. Telegu: Koyyalakoord. Flowering & Fruiting: April – September Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir.-Arab. 8:789. Chenopodina microsperma Moquin in DC. Aegypt.1852. Note: The plant is extremely polymorphic. Gmelin. t. 1851. The plant is used as fodder. Ross. Forsskål. Uttrakhand. Ind. It acts as a sand binder. 1791. Brit. Leaves used as vegetable. 70. Fl. t. Note: (i) A common herb in the saline marshy area. JAPAN. Suaeda indica Moquin in Ann. 1: 221. Fl. 1: 221. Hooker f. Punjab. India 5: 14. IRAQ. ASIA and N. Suaeda microsperma (C.294 Chenopodiaceae in India Suaeda fruticosa Forsskål ex J. 1775. Rajasthani: Lunaki. Pl. C. Suaeda maritima (Linnaeus) Dumortier. Gujrati: Moras. Sp. 1886. 1852. Vellakoora. also used as fodder.1831. Chenopodium fruticosum Linnaeus. 1796. India 5: 15. Prodr. 1886. Forssk... Hooker f. Fl. Chenopodium maritimum Linnaeus. Marwari & Gujrati: Moras.F. ushuklani. Orya: Nunia. Sci. India 5: 13. Tamil: Vellakeerai.1896. t. SRI LANKA. 1753. . Uttar Pradesh. Meyer in Eichw. lano. Telegu: Ilakoora. 13. Hindi: Lunak. 162 I.A. 1886. Orient. Prodr. Flowering & Fruiting: April – October Distribution: INDIA – Throughout the coastal regions. ASIA. Casp..1827. MALAYSIAN ISLANDS. Icon. N. Pl. Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.-Arab. 1989. Brit. Schweinf. Fl.. (Paris) 23:316. Brit. Hooker f. Orya: Geriasag Type: Described from W. AFRICA.14. Bengali: Gira sag. Fl. Pl. Tamil: Katravumari. 1849. Wight. 5(2): 5.. Fl. Rajasthan. Nat. Gujarat. Brit. Orient. Chenopodina indica Wight. Hooker f. Nariumari. Punjabi: Lunak. C.1831-33. Suaeda monoica Forsskål ex J. 1775. 1793.A. Fl. Uppukeerai. Delhi. 1849. India 5: 13. 22. Bot. Belg. Forsskål. Cauc. parviflora Moquin in DC. AMERICA. 13(2): 165. 70. from the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea (Krasnovodsk. ed. MYANMAR.1753. lana. umarinandi. IRAN. chhoti-lani. AUSTRALIA and N. Freitag in Flora 183: 156. Europe.13. Type: Described from Turkmenia. Syst. Fl. PAKISTAN. Schoberia microsperma C. in Ledebour. Onomat. Aegypt. Icon.1776 . Lectotype: [Saudi Arabia] “Gomfodae” (Al Qumfidhah). Nat. Hindi: Khari lani.F. Sp. AFRICA. Ind. Meyer) Fenzl. Tender roots and succulent leaves are edible. Compl. 3(2): 785. Dagada island) Flowering & Fruiting: July – September Distribution: INDIA – Jammu & Kashmir (Ladakh) and Himachal Pradesh. 1: 503.. 1886. 1753. Beta palonga R. leaf beet or spinach beet. 1753. Atriplex lindleyi Moquin. J. 1864. Hooker f.Native of Australia. Brit. (Paris) 23: 316. Yemen] “Lohaja” (=Luhaiya). 1831 & in DC. Sp. Introduced in India from Israel. Salsola nudiflora Willdenow. Atriplex nummularia Lindley in J.T. and (ii) the crassa group [Beta vulgaris Linnaeus var. TROP. It is widely cultivated in India for its edible leaves and red roots. N. Helm] includes the types grown chiefly for their roots used as vegetable (garden beet or beet root) and as a source of sugar (sugar beet). Pl. 1849. 53: 1166. Australia 64. Fl.K. Prodr.. Cultivated beet falls under two groups (i) the Cicla group [Beta vulgaris Linnaeus ssp. 5: 172. Exped. 1798. PAKISTAN. 1870.A. Beta vulgaris Linnaeus. Common name: Palak. Freitag in Flora 183: 154. Fl. Blitum capitatum Linnaeus. Fl. Common name: Beet. Sp. Andhra Pradesh. Flowering & Fruiting: November – April Distribution: INDIA – Throughout coastal regions. Note: The plant is a good fodder. SRI LANKA. Paul 295 Lectotype: [N.. English: Bladder salt bush. (Anonymous 1988). Mukherjee in Canad. Plant used as vegetable. . Hooker f. Note: Growing along with mangrove plants. 13(2): 100. The species is grown for reclaiming the saline tracts. India 5: 5. Bot. Sp. AFRICA and N.1975. 180. AFRICA. 1: 4. Pl. Sp. Prodr. Trop. India 5: 14. in DC. MALAYSIA. Brit. XII 1762-I 1763 I. Flowering & Fruiting: May –December Distribution: INDIA – Common marine herb in marshy places.. Basu & K. Palong sak. SRI LANKA and U. Fl. Tamil Nadu and Diu. 1886. English: Mediterranean salt bush or sea orache. 1848. Orissa. Cultivated for fodder. 1: 222. Austral. AMERICA. Suaeda nudiflora Moquin in Ann.1753. Forssk. K. English: Oldman salt bush. 13(2): 155. Introduced to reclaim alkaline soil. Native of Australia. Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ascherson. Nat.E. Pl. Introduced in India from Australia. Sci.. 1849. The plant is used as a fodder.. cicla (Linnaeus) Koch] includes the beets grown as leafy vegetable viz. Atriplex vasicaria Heward ex Bentham.. crassa (Alefeld) J. 1989. AUSTRALIA. Brandenburgh 572. 2 : 1052.K. 1: 1313. Pl. 1886. Cultivated and Introduced Species Atriplex halimus Linnaeus. . Fischer in Gamble. Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow. Hooker f. Dysphania truncata (Paul G. An update of the Angiosperm phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. 38: 15. Wight. Kumari in Fl. Brown. pumilio R. 2003.296 Chenopodiaceae in India Cultivated for leaf vegetable. 2002. Pl. Or.85:514-533. Zhurn. APG 1998.1972. It contains large amount of vitamin A. Bombay Nat. Bot. Ind. Kumari (l. 38: 173. Introduced from South America. Introduced from Peru. 1753. Brown. Native of Australia. Chenopodium moquinianum Aellen in Ber. Reported from Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri dist. Bot. Missouri Bot. Res. 1(2): 1301. Brit. Rare. 1810. Pres. C. LITERATURE CITED Anonymous. Central National Herbarium. Spinacia oleracea Linnaeus. 69: 683.Schweiz. Reported once from Tamil Nadu (Ootakamund). Econ. B. Ann. 26: 126. Fl. Kolkata and Additional Director. 1844 – 45. A Dictionary of Indian Raw materials & Industrial products.1: 407.). Madras 3: 1303. It’s a high protein crop. Wealth of India. Taxon. According to Fischer (l. Sp. Bangalore). Icon. Dysphania pumilio (R. Fl. 1929. Pl. Ges.) 2:126. 1886. Carey). Soc. There is no further record of occurrence of this species as well as no specimen is available for study. J. iron and phosphorus. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. 3: 771. 1988. Wilson) Mosyakin & Clemants in J. t. Wilson in Nuytsia 4: 177. Fl. Linn. Botanical Survey of India. Gard. Chenopodium carinatum R. Sp. Native of Australia. Soc. c) referred only Gamble’s observation. 818. 2: 1027. Tamil Nadu 2: 195. 2008. Bot. 1983 & in J.1832 (ed. Texas 2: 427. Chenopodium truncatum Paul G. Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen in Fedde Rep. 1797. Sci. Pl. Ramayya & Rajagopal in Curr. CSIR. New Delhi. Native of Australia. Bot. 1929. Prodr. C. 141: 399 – 436. 59: 382. (revised ed. 1990. APG II. 1810. 407. Acknowledgements Author is thankful to the Director. Hist. 1987. 1936. BSI for all facilities. Commonly cultivated as a leaf vegetable. Reported once from Karnataka (Lalbagh garden. Tetranda Roxburgh. India 5: 6. Bot. 14(1): 109 – 110. c.) this species “has been found near Madras and is reported to be spreading”. 1969. Prodr. Inst. Subba Rao & Kumari in J. Brown) Mosyakin & Clemants in Ukrayins’k. Ind. S. 19.. D. Notiser 128: 119 – 147. Reeve & Co. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. J. New York. Dehra Dun. Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. vol. & B. UK. J. Chenopodiaceae.T. A. Synopsis of a putatively phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants. R. Takhtajan. K. Hutchinson.. J. Nat.D. Fl. in Flora of British India.. Flowering Plants – Origin & Dispersal.Bishen Singh Mahandra Pal Singh. 1974. 5: 1 – 21. G. Duncker & Humbolt. 2003). their classification and uses. 2009.D. Columbia University Press. Hooker. Bot. 1968.Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh & Koeltz Scientific Books.1934. 1969. 66: 441 – 647.A. In Engler and Prantl. L.1936. 2008. The Systematics of the Chenopodiaceae. Springer Verlag. R. Oliver & Boyd. 1975. J. Cambridge University Press. Botanical Rev. L. . USSR. Takhtajan. Flowering Plants.J. J.. third edition.S. The Families of Flowering Plants. M. Dahlgren. Izdatel’s Akademii Nauk SSSR.A (Repr. Reeve & Co.1886. Chenopodiaceae. Berlin. Die. Pflanzenfam. A. UK. 1959. (Repr. Oxford University Press. Ulbrich. & Ford Lioyd. London. Schischkin. Genera Plantarum. Williams & Norgate.V. Moskva-Leningrad. Bot. 1997. Bentham. 6: 2 – 354. Thorne. Paul 297 APG III. Iljin. Columbia University Press. A. Edinburge. 1992. Chenopodiaceae. E. A system of classification of the Angiosperms to be used to demonstrate the distribution of characters. Mabberley. Thorne. Linn. Cronquist. Aliso 6(4): 57 – 66. 2009. 16c: 377 – 584. R. 1985). K. Williams.. & Hooker.. ed. Takhtajan.ed. 2. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. 3: 43 – 78. Soc.V. ed. An update of the Angiosperm phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. Taxon 23(2-3): 353 – 354. A.1981. In: Komarov. L.U.1880. 161(2): 105 – 121. Mabberley’s Plant Book: A portable dictionary of plants.. London. I & II.T. B.