Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889Chapter 15 Universal Exposition (Exposition Universelle) 1889 • World's Fair held in Paris, France • 100th Anniversary of the "storming of the Bastille", an event traditionally considered as the symbol for the beginning of the French Revolution . . 45 Rue Maubeuge.Difficulty of Finding Quarters • For a short time. • He transferred his residence several times. at No. he lived together with two other Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. • Finally. Rizal lived in the house of his friend Valentin Ventura. . . . Life in Paris • He used most of his time in.visiting his friends .the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale .. .the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises .living quarters writing letters to his family and friends . . . . Guillermo Puatu.Among the members were Antonio and Juan Luna.To bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital . Fernando Canon. Julio Llorente.Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded • Kidlat Club . Gregorio Aguilera. Lauro Dimayuga. and Baldomero Roxas . . . . . . .Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded • Indios Bravos .They practised with the great enthusiasm the use of the sword and pistol.Rizal taught them judo. .It’s members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners. particularly the Spaniards. . . . . . Society .It was patterned after Freesmasonry .D.He only mentioned this secret society to: *Jose Maria Basa *Marcelo H.I. del Pilar .Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded • R.Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays) .M. del Pilar. etc.Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded . Jose Ma. Marcelo H.Only a few trusted friends of Rizal became members: Gregorio Aguilera.The aim of it was “the propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific. – in the Philippines & the Redemption of the Malay Race” . Julio Llorente. Baldomero Roxas & Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest) . Basa. artistic. literary. Mariano Ponce. then in other lands.Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded . if not in the Philippines.Provisions for Bornean colonization: *Right of the colonists to buy the lands *Free use of the seashores *Unusual long term of lease for 999 years *“a period of time long enough for many generations to form a nation and to consolidate its status” .Rizal’s writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong revealed his intention to be a leader of freedom. . Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad • Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos = best of the many histories of the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers • Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people.Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain .159) .Annotated Edition of Morga Published • • • • • Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980) He wrote in in the British Museum It was printed by Garnier Freres Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue Rizal’s errors: . to know their glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.Appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards . . Libreria de Garnier Hermanos. 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition (Leitmeritz) *December 28. 1890” – title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga • Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of Morga must have come off the press in 1889 – not 1890. 3 Letters: *October 12. 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book • Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesos came off the press in 1889. . Baldomero Roxas from Paris to Lipa *December 31.Comment on Morga’s Publication Date • “Paris. . Works of Marsden. and Wallace (English) . 1889) (both written in London) .Writings of Blumentritt. 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (January 7.Rizal as Historian • Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London) and in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge • His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical documents: . and Virchow (German) • Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real historian: • Ma-yi (December 6. Lord Stanley. Jagor.Pigafetta’s famous “First Voyage Around the World “ (Italian) . Raffles. he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines • He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia • Parts: .Last .economic stagnation and happiness under the harsh Spanish Rule .peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened policy toward the Philippines .The Philippines Within a Century • In this article.glorious past of the Filipino people .Middle .Beginning . The Indolence of the Filipinos • Defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos • Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos did not work hard during the Spanish regime • Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature indolent . Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch.Forced labor .Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor) .Raids on the coastal towns and village by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu . Portuguese.) . etc.The Indolence of the Filipinos • 10 Causes of decline in economic life: . English.Native revolts and other internal disorders . The Indolence of the Filipinos . industry.Government neglect and indifference (agriculture. and commerce) .despising manual labor .System of Spanish education .Teaching of Spanish missionaries .Bad example shown by Spaniards .Gambling . 1889 • Prospectus: aim of the association – “to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view” .International Association of Filipinologists • Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris) • Letter to Blumentritt – January 14. President: Dr.Vice-President: Mr. Jose Rizal(Filipino) .Counsellors: *Dr. Edmund Plauchut(French) . Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German) *Dr. Antonio Ma. Ferdinand Blumentritt(Austrian) .Secretary: Dr.International Association of Filipinologists • Officers: . Regidor(Filipino-Spanish) . . Reinhold Rost . Meyer . Czepelak . Kern .Dr.Sir Henry Yule .B.Dr. H.Dr.Dr. A.Dr.International Association of Filipinologists • August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of the inaugural convention • Renowned scholars in Europe: . Feodor Jagor . . Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong • Planned by Rizal while still in Paris • To establish a modern college in Hong Kong • Aim: “to train and educate men of good family and financial means in accordance with the demands of modern times and circumstances” • Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico. Pampanga) .000 pesos (initial capital) .40. Mathematics .Civil Law .Deportment .Natural History .Physics and Chemistry .Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong • Curriculum (Subjects): .Hygiene .Religion .Natural Law .Ethics .Geography . Logic.Spanish .Political Economy .Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong • Curriculum (Subjects): .Universal History .French . and Poetics .English .Tagalog .German .Chinese . Rhetoric.Philippine History . Equitation .Dancing .Fencing .Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong • Curriculum (Subjects): .Drawing .Music .Gymnastics .Swimming . Salvador Font (banning of Noli) • “Dimas Alang” • Telephone conversation between Fr. Font (Madrid) and the father provincial (San Agustin Convent-Manila) .Fr.Fray Jose Rodriguez • Por Telefono (Barcelona.“Por Telefono” • La Vision del Fray Rodiguez . 1889) . Christmas in Paris • Jose Albert • Capitan Justo Trinidad • Christmas dinner: fried chicken. and vegetables • Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris • After New Year – brief visit to London (unknown purpose) . rice. Christmas in Paris • Two theoretical reasons: .To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos with the original copy in the British Museum.To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time • Middle of January 1890 – back in Paris . and .