chapter 8 the enlightenment and revolutions study guide

Chapter 8 The Enlightenment & Revolutions Study Guide Vocabulary o While ALL vocabulary will not be matching on test or directly assessed, it is a part of many of the questions. A strong knowledge of the terms is needed.  Laissez-Faire  Rococo  Concepts to Review o Lesson 1 Scientific Revolution  Two inventions that made direct observation possible  Difference between Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system  Johannes Kepler  Discovery  Nicolaus Copernicus  Galileo  Discovery  Group whose views he opposed  Similarities in Copernicus’s, Kepler’s, and Galileo’s theories  Isaac Newton  Universal Law of Gravitation (what does it state)  What does it prove?  Women in Science  How did many publish their work in a dominated area?  Margaret Cavendish’s Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy  Its purpose, content, etc.  Reception of it  Maria Winkleman  Discoveries  Rene’ Descartes  Father of…  Starting point for his system of study  Discourse on Method (why did he approach it the way he did)  Francis Bacon  Developments  Beliefs  Reasoning used in his scientific method  Effect of new technologies and theories for the foundation of the Scientific Revolution  Scientific Method  What is it?  Why was it created? o Lesson 2 The Enlightenment  John Locke  Tabula Rasa  Voltaire  Deism  View of the Universe  Diderot  His encyclopedia (its purpose, content, etc.)  Rousseau  Beliefs  General Will  Social Contract  Montesquieu  Beliefs  ideas incorporated into U.S. Constitution  Mary Wollstonecraft  Beliefs  Why she had these beliefs. o Lesson 4 American Revolution  Stamp Act  Declaration of Independence  Influenced by  Declare the purpose of the people to do what  Articles of Confederation  Bill of Rights  European admiration of the Constitution, Bill of Rights, and American Revolution  Why?  Primary Documents on the Assessment o Remember you must CITE evidence in your answer, not just guess or state your opinion. o Things to consider…  According to Locke, how does the mind acquire knowledge?  To what does Locke compare the mind? o Things to consider…  According to the passage, why do people form governments?  From whom do people receive their rights?  What gives people the right to abolish their government? o Things to consider…  What is Voltaire's main argument in this passage?  What particular historical periods might he have had in mind when he referred to the "want of toleration during sixteen barbarous ages"?  Cite two examples of eras studied in previous chapters to support his claim.  Essay o Who were the philosophes, and what impact have their ideas had on our modern-day lives? o The Scientific Revolution changed the way people looked at the world. With its reliance on human reasoning and its questioning of traditional ideas, this movement laid the foundation for the European Enlightenment, which shaped religious, political and social thought. Use the information presented in this chapter to explain the chapter’s Enduring Understanding statement: Intellectual movements can affect all aspects of life, including politics, economics, and society.