Chapter 2Questions: 2-1. Distinguish between a generator and a motor? A generator is an electromagnetic device that converts mechanical energy into rotating electrical mechanical force. A motor is just the opposite It converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. 2-2. What is an armature? A field? Armature is the rotating part of a dynamo, consisting essentially of copper wire wound around an iron core. Field is simply to create a magnetic field (magnetic flux) for the armature to interact with, thus the field component can comprise either permanent magnets, or electromagnets formed by a conducting coil. 2-3. What two important requirements are necessary before generator action is possible? 2-4. What two important requirements are necessary before motor action is possible? 2-5. State Faraday’s law. is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF)—a phenomenon called electromagnetic induction. It is the fundamental operating principle of transformers, inductors, and many types of electrical motors, generators and solenoids 2-6. In what two ways is it possible to generate a higher voltage in a moving conductor? 2-7. how many lines of force must be cut per second if 1 volt is to be generate in a moving conductor? 2-8. In an actual generator, what effect has the number of parallel paths in the armature winding upon the terminal voltage? 2-9. What effect has the number of armature paths upon the current-carrying ability of generator? 2-10. Is the power output of a generator affected by the number of parallel paths in the armature winding? Give reason for your answer. 2-11. Derive the fundamental voltage equation for the dc generator. 2-12. Write the fundamental voltage equation as a function of the total number of armature conductors and the number of the armature-winding circuits. 2-13. What two factors determine the direction of the generated voltage in a conductor moving through a magnetic field ? 2-14. Considering a DC generator, in what two ways can the polarity (plus and minus) of the brushes be changed? explain how the direction of the generated voltage may be determined. What is commutator? Describe its construction. Will a force exerted by a conductor carrying a current when it is placed parallel to a magnetic field? Explain carefully. State Lenz’s law. 2-16. Using s sketch showing a two-pole motor with a single coil placed with its two sides under the pole centers. 2-21. What is alternating current? What is meant by the frequency of an alternating current? 2-20. Why is the torque develop by those conductors occupying positions in the inter-polar spaces of a motor? . What kind of current flows in the armature conductors of a DC generator? 2-19. Using the fictitious “rubber-ban” comparison. What factors determine the frequency of a generated alternating voltage? 2-22. 2-30. 2-23. 2-18. What happens to the existing uniform field is a conductor carrying a current is place in this field? 2-29. Using lenz’s law. 2-28. Why it is desirable to have many coils of wire and commutator segments on the armature of a DC generator? 2-24. describe how torque is develop by the coil. using appropriate sketches to illustrate your answer.2-15. What factors determine the force exerted by a conductor on the armature of a Dc motor? 2-27. What is meant by torque? 2-26. What kind of current is theoretically delivered to a load by a DC generator? 2-25. Carefully describe the commutations process. 2-17. explain how the direction of the generated voltage may be determined. In general. Describe a commutator construction.Chapter 3 Questions: 3-2. What purpose is served by the brush pigtails? 3-20. 3-26. What is the commutator pitch in the simplex-lamp winding? A duplex-lap winding? A multiplex-lap winding? 3-28. 3-10. Why are laminations used in constructing the field core? 3-8. 3-14. What is meant by pole core? Pole shoe? 3-6. Explain what would happen if the coil span were 360 electrical degrees in a generator. 3-4. What two kinds of field winding are used for generators and motors? Describe the construction of each. Under what condition is the reentrancy of a duplex-lap winding single? Double? 3-30. What keeps the brushes in good contact with the commutator? 3-18. What is yoke? What purposes does it serve? How it is usually constructed? 3-12. What is the function of the armature winding in a generator? In a motor? 3-16. 3-22. what is a frog-leg winding? 3-24. Name the various parts of the dynamo and indicate which parts are stationary and which rotate. Name the two general types of armature winding. in a motor. What is the purpose of multiplex-lap windings? . 3-62. Exactly why does a frog-leg winding eliminate the necessity for using equalizer connections? Explain carefully. What purpose is served by a “dummy” elements? 3-56. what two important functions are served by equalizer connections in lap-wound armatures? 3-60.3-32. Why it is impossible to have circulating current flowing in wave-wound armatures? 3-46. Why it is usually more satisfactory to construct armature that have more commutator segments than slots? 3-50. Explain why only two brush acts need be used in a machine in which the armature is wave wound. How many parallel paths are there in a p-pole frog-leg winding? . Why must the ends of wave coils never be connected to the commutator exactly 360 electrical degree apart? 3-36. What is the origin of the term frog-leg winding? 3-64. 3-38. what is meant by a “dead” or “Dummy” elements? 3-54. Why are circulating currents detrimental to good operations? 3-58. What general rule can be used to determine the number of parallel paths in a multiplex-lap winding? 3-34. at what segment should one arrive with respect to the starting point? 3-48. under what conditions is it desirable to use as many brush acts as pole in machines having wavewound armature? 3-42. What is meant by a double-element coil? a triple-element coil? When are they necessary? 3-52. Under what circumstances would it be desirable to use multiplex-wave windings? 3-44. How are the conductors in each path of a wave winding distributed around the armature? 3-40. In tracing a simplex-wave winding once around the commutator. at what apeed should the machine be driven if it is to develop the same voltage as before the change.Chapter 2 Problem: 2-2. what would have been the generated voltage? 2-8. what must be the total armature-winding current in prob. what is the frequency of the alternating voltage generated in the armature conductors of (a) a sixpole 900-rpm machine? (b) and eight-pole 750-rpm machine? (c) a 10-pole 500-rpm machine? 2-12. 2-18.? 2-16. the armature winding of the generator of problem 2-3 is modified so that it has two parallel paths instead of six..200 lbft while the flux density drops by 4 per cent? . 2-7 if the winding had four parallel paths? 2-10. 2-15.5 x 106 maxwells in 1/40 sec. using the data of prob. 2-17 if the torque increases to 1. 2-5 had four parallel paths. calculate the average voltage generated in a moving conductor if it cuts 2. 2-13 develop if it lies on an armature the diameter of which is 9 in. 2-4. at what speed is an armature machine rotating in a 12-pole machine if the frequency in the armature conductor s is 50 cps? 2-14. calculate the torque that will be developed if the flux density is reduced by 5 percent while the current is increased to 40 amp. how may total conductors and conductors per slot would be necessary in the armature of prob. assuming all other conditions to remain unchanged? 2-6. in 1/80 sec. what torque will the conductor of prob. if the armature winding of prob. 3-13. (b) duplex . (b) and (c) are simplex wave wound and the others are simplex-lap wound? 3-4. 116 segments (e) quadruplex. (b) triplex-wave for six poles. (c) 229 segments. a commutator has a 456 segments. trace the winding around the commutator and show that the proper segment. 3-10. 3-14. (b) 93 segments. how many parallel paths are there in the windings of armatures that are wound (a) duplex-lap for six poles? (b) triplex-lap for six poles? (c) duplex-lap for eight poles (d) triplex-lap for 10 poles? (e) quadruplex – lap for six poles? 3-6. indicate whether or not the windings are possible: (a) simplexwave for six poles. (d) 227 segments eight poles. (d) simplex-wave for 10 poles. determine the degrees of reentrancy for the following lap windings : (a) duplex. for each of the answers of prob. .Chapter 3 Problem: 3-2. how many parallel paths are there in the following armature winding: (a) six-pole duplex-wave? (b) six-pole triplex-wave? (c) eight-pole simplex-wave? (d) eight-pole duplex-wave? (e) eifht-pole triplexwave? (f) eight-pole quadruplex-wave? 3-12. 3-1 if (a). 35 segments . (c) duplex-wave for eight poles. 3-8. is reached. six poles . four poles . (c) triplex. 286 segments. 36 segments . determine the commutator pitches yc for the following wavewound armatures : (a) 75 segments. ahead of or behind the first one. how many parallel paths are there in the armature windings of prob. four poles . 117 segments (d) triplex. p. if the armature has 42 slots and 125 commutator segments. determine the coil and commutator pitches for a 72-slot 288-segment six-pole frog-leg armature winding. make a table for prob. (a) how many equalizer connections are there? (b) to what two segments is the first equalizer connected? 3-22.3-16. 77 segments?(d) 54 slots 216 segments? 3-18. and there are four turns per armaturewinding element. 227 segments? (c) 39 slots.48 volt. . 3-20. 3-24. the emf generated in each conductor of a six-pole simplex-wave armature winding is 0. 3-21 similar to that given for example 9. will there be a “dead” element in each of the following combinations of slots and segments: (a) 33 slots.80. 99 segments? (b) 76 slots. calculate the terminal voltage of the generator. a 54-slot 216-segment armature has a four-pole lap armature that is equalized 100 per cent at the commutator. Plates In Direct current . Charito Date submitted: Dec.C 3x. Claro. By:siakol Intro G. Repeat Chorus Solo part e|---------------------8-7--7--10-8-7--5--7-8--------------------------------| . Winston Submitted to: Eng’r. Guitar G. D G C G C Hindi mo ba alam na ako'y nasasaktan G C D Sa tuwing ikaw ay aalis at hindi nag paalam Em Bm Em Bm Nais kong malaman mo na ako'y nag tatampo C Am D Pag nalimutan mo ang pasalubong ko (same chords) Hindi mo ba alam na ako'y nasasaktan Pag nakikita kitang may ibang ka kwentuhan Nais kong malaman mo na ako'y nandirito Pwede ba ako kahit maki usyoso Chorus C D Bm Em Ngunit pag sapit ng gabi heto ka sa 'king tabi Am D G G7 Sa pag ibig mo 'di ako nag sisisi C D Bm At pag gising sa umaga maamo mong Em mukha ang nakikita Am D G Na sa akin ay lubos na nagpa-paligaya. D (same chords) Hindi mo ba alam na ako'y nasasaktan Sa tuwing ika'y na lulungkot at mata ay luhaan Nais kong malaman mo yan ay pupunasan ko Sa katapatan ng pagmamahal ko sa iyo. 2014 Hindi mo ba alam.Submitted by: Padogdog. 12. C 3x. B|-----------7--5s7--7---------------------------------7-10-11---------------| G|-----4-5-7---------------------------------------7-9---------7-9-----------| D|-5-7----------------------------------------7-10---------------------------| A|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| E|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| e|-7h9h7------7--7h9h7------7------------------------------------------------| B|-------9-7--7--------9-7--7--------5-7-8-8s10--8-7-8-----------------------| G|-----------------------------5-6-8--------------------10-8-7-5-------------| D|---------------------------------------------------------------8-7-5-------| A|---------------------------------------------------------------------8-7-5-| E|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| e|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| B|-3-2-----------------------------------------------------------------------| G|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| D|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| A|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| E|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| Repeat Chorus Hindi mo ba alam? Ayos lang By: siakol Intro G. C 4x same chords Nais kong mab beer house ngunit kulang ang pera Kayat nag kakape na lang dag-dag pa sa kaba Tutal wala naman akong dapat ika takot Dahil darating din ang araw syay aking malilimohot Tulay C G Am D . Chorus G Bm C G Ayos lang kahit pa nasasaktan ang puso ko Em Bm C D Kung sino pang minamahal sya pa ang ayaw sa 'yo G Bm C G Totoong problema ngingiti na lang ako Em Bm C D G Kung sino pang mina mahal s'ya pa ang ayaw sa 'yo Guitar G.C 4x G C Nais kong matulog ngunit di makatulog G C Sa pag iisip ang utak ko'y nabubugnot Am C Pahamak na pag ibig ito ako'y gulong gulo Am C D Tumatakbo ang oras ngunit gising pa rin ako G C Nais kung mag sound trip ngunit brown out nga pala G C Buwisit na ilaw ito dumagdag pa sa problema Am C Kung di lang dahil sa kanya ngayon ay masaya Am A D Minsan lamang kung ma in love wala pang pag-asa ha.. Kung di man sya makuha sa iba ay cha-chamba C G Am D Basta't ako'y bahala na malimot lang siya ha Repeat 1st Stanza Repeat Chorus 2x .