Name: __________________________ Date: _____________1. Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with A) meta-analysis. B) psychotherapy. C) aversive conditioning. D) psychoanalysis. E) transference. 2. Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are A) cognitive therapies. B) behavior therapies. C) biomedical therapies. D) psychodynamic therapies. E) exposure therapies. 3. A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who A) prescribes the use of drugs as part of psychotherapy. B) emphasizes that active listening is the major technique in all effective therapies. C) prefers to engage in therapy in a group setting. D) uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches. E) uses both token economies and behavior therapies. 4. Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as A) counterconditioning. B) active listening. C) cognitive therapy. D) psychoanalysis. E) psychosexual fixation. 5. Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association? A) Carl Rogers B) Sigmund Freud C) Aaron Beck D) Joseph Wolpe E) Mary Carver Jones Page 1 6. According to psychoanalysts, resistance refers to the A) expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships. B) blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy. C) replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness. D) conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. E) aversive conditioning resulting in phobias or anxieties. 7. Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of A) fixation. B) resistance. C) transference. D) counterconditioning. E) tardive dyskinesia. 8. The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with A) cognitive therapy. B) virtual reality exposure therapy. C) client-centered therapy. D) systematic desensitization. E) psychoanalysis. 9. The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as A) transference. B) resistance. C) meta-analysis. D) the therapeutic alliance. E) fixation. 10. Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example of A) transference. B) fixation. C) the placebo effect. D) counterconditioning. E) regression toward the mean. Page 2 In the United States. D) taking antianxiety drugs during the course of psychotherapy. transference Page 3 . counterconditioning B) free association. C) insight therapies.11. B) meta-analysis. 15. A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression is known as A) EMDR. C) talking about anxiety-arousing material during therapy. Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________. empathy E) unconditional positive regard. D) interpersonal psychotherapy. 14. B) discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary. B) behavior modification. D) psychoanalysis. D) eclectic therapies. active listening C) dream analysis. E) exposure therapy. The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as A) behavior therapies. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of A) virtual reality exposure therapy. 13. B) biomedical therapies. A) psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from A) experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for their therapist. 12. systematic desensitization D) active listening. C) cognitive therapies. C) spontaneous recovery. E) psychopharmacology. E) focusing on the content and meaning of their dreams. managed health care has severely limited the length of mental health services that may be covered by insurance. E) exposure therapies. Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a A) psychoanalyst. C) humanistic therapy. D) systematic desensitization. E) client-centered therapy. Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of A) psychoanalysis. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with A) EMDR. D) psychodynamic therapy. 19. B) psychoanalysis. 18. E) cognitive therapy. nonjudgmental attitude as A) active listening. 17. Page 4 . C) unconditional positive regard. E) resistance. the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. 20. A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called A) light exposure therapy. D) unconditional positive regard. During a marriage counseling session. E) resilience. Carl Rogers referred to a caring. B) behavior therapy. B) free association.16. C) client-centered therapist. C) counterconditioning. D) behavior therapist. E) exposure therapist. D) positive reinforcement. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. B) biomedical therapist. B) transference. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. C) behavior modification. interpersonal psychotherapy B) stress inoculation training. Systematic desensitization involves A) depriving a client access to an addictive drug. D) registering for an AP course. D) associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. B) client-centered therapy. Systematic desensitization is a form of ________. the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine A) answering questions on a test. A) facilitated communication. cognitive therapy D) counterconditioning. C) cognitive therapy. E) systematic desensitization. D) rTMS. B) waiting for a teacher to hand out tests. behavior therapy E) insight therapy. E) receiving an A on a test. biomedical therapy C) free association. Her greatest fear. however. 24. To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches. Gina is so fearful of taking tests for her AP courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for an AP course. Page 5 . is experienced while waiting for a teacher to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety. and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. 22. The therapist is using A) psychoanalysis. E) vigorously challenging clients' illogical ways of thinking. 25. B) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a small audience. Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of A) stress inoculation training. which is a type of ________. psychodynamic therapy 23.21. intense anxiety when studying for a test. E) tardive dyskinesia. D) aversive conditioning. C) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. C) studying for a test. B) exposure therapies. B) systematic desensitization. To treat nail biting. D) eclectic therapy. The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles. E) EMDR. 30. a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. C) aversive conditioning. one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. 28. B) operant conditioning. Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying? A) aversive conditioning B) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) the double-blind procedure E) a token economy 27. A) unconditional positive regard B) systematic desensitization C) free association D) behavior modification E) psychoanalysis Page 6 . Replacing a negative response with a positive response is to systematic desensitization as replacing a positive response with a negative response is to A) transference. This procedure best illustrates A) free association. The therapist is using A) aversive conditioning. D) aversive conditioning. B) light exposure therapy. 29. D) cognitive therapy. To help Claire quit smoking. E) electroconvulsive therapy. E) systematic desensitization. C) electroconvulsive therapy. C) stress inoculation training.26. D) free association. B) systematic desensitization. a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. to be more socially active. 34. Praising socially withdrawn children when they have eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of A) cognitive therapy. C) operant conditioning. Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events? A) drug therapy B) client-centered therapy C) systematic desensitization D) cognitive therapy E) light exposure therapy Page 7 . D) family therapy. B) facilitated communication. E) aversive conditioning. E) active listening. C) a token economy. D) unconditional positive regard. institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. E) classical conditioning. Staff members are making use of A) active listening. 33.31. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. The approach that has helped children with autism learn to function successfully in school involves A) operant conditioning. 32. C) the double-blind procedure. To encourage Mrs. B) systematic desensitization. Coleman. Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to A) associate unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. D) establish empathic. B) psychoanalysis. The therapist's approach is most representative of A) systematic desensitization.35. 37. To reduce Mr. a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent his wife's death. caring relationships with others. Page 8 . 36. B) Beck's cognitive therapy. Stattler's depression. C) Wolpe's exposure therapy. he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his own hard work and personal abilities contributed to each of the good grades he received during the previous semester. D) client-centered therapy. Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of A) Rogers' client-centered therapy. Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy. Stattler remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. E) transfer stresses experienced in childhood without resistance. C) cognitive therapy. E) behavior therapy. E) Skinner's aversive therapy. C) associate a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. B) replace negative self-talk with more positive comments. Several years after his wife's death. D) Freud's psychoanalysis. Mr. A) behavior B) cognitive C) psychoanalytic D) humanistic E) biomedical 38. 39. B) enabling people to discover that others have problems similar to their own. C) rTMS. E) enhancing the resilience of people with anxiety disorders. E) DSM. A famous 12-step program is associated with A) EMDR. E) humanistic therapy. 40. Group therapy is typically more effective than individual therapy for A) encouraging severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning. they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain. In one study. Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system? A) systematic desensitization B) cognitive therapy C) psychoanalysis D) family therapy E) client-centered therapy 41. A) childhood B) terminal C) stress-induced D) stigmatized E) biomedical 43. This strategy for dealing with their difficulty best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. D) psychodynamic therapy. C) EMDR. Most self-help and support groups focus on ______ illnesses. Page 9 . C) ensuring that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life problems. people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning. 42. D) eliminating clients' anxiety during the process of therapy. B) cognitive-behavior therapy. D) AA. B) ECT. Instead of giving in to an urge. 45. E) ECT Page 10 . 46. In one massive experiment. C) regression toward the mean. D) the placebo effect. potentially delinquent boys were assigned to a 5-year treatment program that included professional counseling and family assistance. B) progression relaxation. B) clients typically underestimated the truly positive effects of this program on their own lives. D) claim to receive the most effective treatment from highly experienced clinicians. This helps us understand why they A) prefer behavior therapies over other forms of treatment. Many years later. C) the use of drugs in the therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. This decline effect is best explained in terms of A) rTMS. C) only the therapists who were involved in the program could accurately gauge its effectiveness. D) the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective.44. B) seldom block anxiety-laden thoughts from consciousness. B) the alleviation of depression and anxiety by means of aerobic exercise. D) clients' accounts of the program's effectiveness were often misleading and overly positive. People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. Unusual ESP subjects who defy chance when first tested nearly always lose their “psychic powers” when retested. E) only the boys who received biomedical treatments retained long-term benefits from the program. 47. The placebo effect refers to A) relief from symptoms without psychotherapy. E) experience resistance and transference during insight therapies. C) tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy. E) the use of a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods. Joan McCord's investigation of this program's effectiveness revealed that A) clients who received the special treatment subsequently had fewer incidents of juvenile delinquency. C) compulsions. Meta-analysis refers to A) a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies. Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of A) phobias. Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. C) helpful only for those with relatively mild disorders. 50. 49. B) less beneficial than drug therapy. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ________ therapy. B) depression. D) Luther from his antisocial personality disorder. Hans Eysenck challenged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be A) too expensive and time-consuming. B) the use of a variety of therapeutic techniques in the treatment of a single client. A) cognitive B) electroconvulsive C) psychoanalytic D) client-centered E) behavior 51. Psychotherapy is MOST likely to be effective in freeing A) Sharon from the feeling that her life is meaningless and worthless. E) the technique of simply rephrasing much of what a client says during the course of therapy. E) helpful only to patients with biomedical disorders. 52. D) bed-wetting. E) Juan from his bipolar disorder. E) schizophrenia. and other nonprofessionals.48. B) Portia from her delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations. C) Jim from an excessive fear of giving speeches in public. D) a procedure for identifying the common factors that underlie many different disorders. C) counseling and treatment of troubled individuals by friends. In the 1950s. family. Page 11 . D) no more beneficial than no treatment at all. D) client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. 54. D) electroconvulsive therapy. EMDR is most similar to a technique known as A) stress inoculation training. E) client-centered therapy. 57. B) escape from real-life pressures offered by psychotherapy. E) use of of an eclectic approach to therapy.53. Light exposure therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences A) the body's arousal. Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient characteristics best illustrates A) EMDR. D) facilitated communication. E) meta-analysis. 55. E) family therapy. D) evidence-based practice. C) length of time the client spends in psychotherapy. Page 12 . B) meta-analysis. C) crisis debriefing. C) animal magnetism. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing? A) meta-analysis B) stress inoculation training C) therapeutic touch D) the double-blind procedure E) the placebo effect 56. B) aversive conditioning. A common ingredient underlying the success of diverse psychotherapies is the A) professional training and experience of the therapist. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) systematic desensitization. D) psychiatrist. B) anthropology. C) an eclectic approach. Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates A) the therapeutic alliance. E) psychopharmacology. E) psychotherapists should combine cognitive and biomedical therapies. as professional therapists they both agree that A) psychotherapists should not reveal their personal values to clients. B) an eclectic approach. B) personal values do not affect professional assessments of therapeutic outcomes. E) patient transference. Many professionals outside the field of psychology are prepared to offer psychotherapy in the process of completing a graduate program in A) law. D) neurogenesis. By earning a client's trust.58. B) interpersonal therapist. D) psychotherapists' personal values influence their practice of therapy. E) resilience. Although Albert Ellis and Allen Bergin disagree about the value of self-sacrifice and marital fidelity. B) a therapeutic alliance. D) the double-blind procedure. It is most likely that Dr. 60. 59. 62. C) social work. empathic and caring therapists promote A) neurogenesis. Page 13 . C) cognitive therapist. Miller is a A) clinical social worker. Dr. D) philosophy. C) psychological research should not be used to inform therapists' values. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression. 61. and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. C) progressive relaxation. E) client-centered therapist. The double-blind procedure involves A) the avoidance of eye contact between patient and therapist during free association. Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine? A) antianxiety drugs B) antidepressant drugs C) antipsychotic drugs D) mood-stabilizing drugs E) SSRIs Page 14 . Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms? A) lithium B) D-cycloserine C) chlorpromazine D) clozapine E) Xanax 67. 64. E) psychoanalysis. C) ECT. D) psychopharmacology. C) blocking anxiety-arousing material from consciousness during therapy. Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia? A) lithium B) Xanax C) Thorazine D) Prozac E) Ativan 66. B) psychobiology. D) the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least one will be effective. E) replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. 65. B) a procedure in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.63. The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called: A) psychosurgery. Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs. This menacing condition is known as A) serotonin reuptake inhibition. E) waxy flexibility. D) decrease the availability of norepinephrine. tongue. Page 15 . B) transference. E) resistance. and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs. A) antidepressant B) antipsychotic C) mood-stabilizing D) antianxiety E) psychodynamic 69. B) reduce hallucinations and paranoia. 72. 70. C) elevate arousal and mood. tremors.68. C) Parkinson's disease. Angela was experiencing symptoms of A) withdrawal. and limbs. After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug. Sluggishness. A) antidepressant B) antipsychotic C) mood-stabilizing D) antianxiety E) psychodynamic 71. C) tardive dyskinesia. Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. E) decrease the availability of serotonin. Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles. B) tardive dyskinesia. SSRIs are prescribed to A) reduce involuntary muscle movements. D) neurogenesis. D) serotonin reuptake inhibition. B) tardive dyskinesia. 77. E) transference. A) antipsychotic B) antianxiety C) antidepressant D) mood-stabilizing E) dual-action Page 16 . Lithium is often an effective ________ drug. C) spontaneous recovery. D) tardive dyskinesia.73. D) neurogenesis. Prozac. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is A) Ativan. 75. Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. B) mood-stabilizing drugs. E) Risperdal. C) Xanax. E) transference. A natural return to a state of psychological health following an extended period of depression illustrates A) neurogenesis. D) SSRIs. E) lithium derivatives. 74. B) Prozac. D) Thorazine. and Paxil are called A) antipsychotic drugs. Zoloft. 76. B) counterconditioning. C) antianxiety drugs. C) decreased norepinephrine levels. One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote A) increased metabolic rates. C) manic episodes. 79. a drug originally used to treat epilepsy. D) drug therapy. C) schizophrenia. E) mania. B) electroconvulsive therapy. E) mania. C) psychosurgery. A) DNA B) lithium C) electrodes D) stem cells E) rTMS 82. Page 17 . E) psychopharmacology. E) personality disorders. Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the cortex. 80. A chest implant that intermittently stimulates the vagus nerve has been used to treat some patients with A) bulimia. D) chronic depression. C) schizophrenia. D) phobias. B) dissociative disorders.78. Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of A) phobias. B) auditory hallucinations. Depakote. B) anxiety disorders. The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is A) aversive conditioning. 81. more recently has been found to be effective in the control of A) tardive dyskinesia. D) depression. D) regression toward the mean. Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from A) repressed impulses and conflicts. Aerobic exercise. and social engagement are important components of A) psychopharmacology. 85. C) abnormal personality traits. Page 18 . C) unconditional positive regard. Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy. E) prenatal developmental factors. light exposure. A) biopsychosocial B) classical conditioning C) psychoanalytic D) client-centered E) cognitive-behavioral 84.83. B) stressful social situations. E) electroconvulsive therapy. B) systematic desensitization. adequate sleep. D) therapeutic life-style change. 42. 30. 39. 8. 5. 4. 10. 12. 44. 32. 27. 37. 16. B C D D B B B E A A B D D C B E C C B C B D D E D C C D A D C A C D C B B B B D B D D C Page 19 . 34. 11. 17. 26. 23. 24. 18. 20. 38. 28. 35. 6. 40. 33. 19. 41. 9. 7. 21. 25. 14. 2. 22. 29. 15. 3. 31. 36. 43.Answer Key 1. 13. 55. 71. 64. 62. 70. 60. 52. 66. 58. 85. 51. 72. 61. 47. 75. 59. 46. 65. 81. 73. 50. 80. 74. 57. 53.45. 49. 63. 76. 67. 69. 79. 82. 78. 54. 83. D D C D A E B C D C E A D B A C D D D B C C C B B D A C D B D C D C D D C C A D B Page 20 . 68. 56. 48. 77. 84.