Chapter 19 Conventional Energy1. The application of force over distance is known as A. power. B. work. C. fuels. D. energy. E. All of these. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 2. Power is the A. rate of energy delivery (work done per second). B. amount of energy available. C. capacity to do work (force over distance). D. a combination of A, B, and C. E. amount of work done when a force of one Newton is exerted over 1 meter. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 3. One megawatt is equal to _________ watts. A. 100 B. 1000 C. 1 million D. 1 billion E. 1 trillion Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 4. Coal replaced wood as industrialized countries’ major energy source in the nineteenth century because A. coal was easier to transport. B. coal was a cleaner fuel. C. early conservationists warned about the loss of biodiversity in the forests. D. wood is not as energy efficient as coal. E. wood supplies were diminishing. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 5. A major force leading Americans to begin thinking carefully about energy conservation was the A. industrial revolution. B. 1973 Arab oil embargo. C. near depletion of domestic coal supplies. D. invention of nuclear energy. E. 1990 Gulf War. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge _________ dependence on wood and other biomass for more than 90 percent of total heating and cooking energy contributes to its loss of _____________. Cuba’s. Sweden. Sweden. nuclear fission D. All of these are considered to be fossil fuels. and Switzerland have higher standards of living by most measures than Americans or Canadians A. Haiti’s. even though their energy use is about equal to ours. coal B. because their energy consumption is much greater. E. natural gas Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 8. wood E. Which of the following is not considered a fossil fuel? A. coal B. Denmark. biodiversity Answer: B Question Classification: Comprehension 9. charcoal E. two thirds . B. one third. half. one quarter C. petroleum C. three quarters D. A. nutrient rich soil and forests C. even though their energy use is much less than ours. China’s. Mexico’s. three quarters. because they are closer to energy supplies.6. None of these. The chemical industry is the second largest industrial consumer of fossil fuels with ________ used for energy generation and ____________ used for raw materials in manufacturing. one quarter. D. Denmark. and Switzerland do not have higher standards of living compared to Americans or Canadians Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 10. East Germany’s. forests E. A. biodiversity D. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 7. natural gas C. Which of the following energy sources does not contribute to the greenhouse effect? A. oil D. half B. C. agricultural land B. E. I recommend a fleet of with some cars fueled with natural gas and others fueled with electricity. B. What is your reaction to the board member’s position in the scenario above? A. another board member brings up the fact that natural gas is clean and efficient and he feels that a fleet of cars fueled with natural gas would be best. D. I agree because no pollution is given off when electricity is used. E. D. B. During this initial meeting they are not looking at the technical problems and instead are interested in the most clean burning and energy efficient car. 11. The president of the board is convinced that a fleet of electric cars would be best because electricity is clean and efficient. Answer: E Question Classification: Comprehension 12. are not the only factors that should be investigated. B. I agree because no pollution is given off when natural gas is burned. Burning the coal to run the power plant. Answer: D Question Classification: Application 14. As a member of the student governing body. C. C. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with gasoline because the current technology for electric cars or natural gas is not yet perfected enough. What is your recommendation to the board in the scenario above? A. Thermal conversion of the energy from coal in the power plant. I agree because almost 100 percent of electricity’s energy is converted to useful work. I disagree because electricity is extremely expensive. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with electric batteries. I recommend further analysis because the clean burning and energy efficient characteristics. C. you are the student representative for the school’s planning board. E. D. They are planning to update their fleet of cars and are investigating cars fueled with natural gas or electric batteries. E. In the process of getting energy to power your television. Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension 13. C. which of the following stages is the most energy efficient? A. I disagree because natural gas is extremely expensive. B. Mining the coal to run the power plant. I disagree because refining natural gas releases large amounts of pollution. two thirds. D. Actually powering your television set. What is your reaction to the president’s position in the scenario above? A. although important. I agree because electricity is relatively inexpensive. I agree because about 90 percent of natural gas’ energy is converted to useful work. one third Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge Use the following scenario. Transmission to your house E. I agree because natural gas is relatively inexpensive. I disagree because electricity comes from power plants that are generally fired with coal. On the other hand. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with natural gas. . Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 16. in small pools directly above the bedrock. decreasing at alarming rates. the radioactivity in coal. coal dust causing inflammation and fibrosis in lungs. coal-fired B. B. E. saturating porous rocks. D. D. in pools on the earth’s surface. D. C. Under normal operating conditions _______________ power plants release radioactivity as well as toxic metals. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 18. locked in the mineral structure of a rock formation. Worldwide. relatively difficult to find. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 17. the radioactivity around coal-fired power plants. A. mercury vapor. E. like water in a sponge. widespread and extensive. where geologic pressures have forced them to collect. C.Answer: E Question Classification: Comprehension 15. NOx Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 19. D. C. nuclear D. B. All of these. wind-generated E. careless strip-mining methods. hydroelectric C. coal deposits are A. E. The main pollutant released by coal burning is A. E. Black lung disease results from A. B. methane. Most useful oil deposits are usually found A. in a liquid pool under a layer of impermeable shale. B. sulfur oxides. coal dust literally filling lungs like dust in a vacuum cleaner bag. widespread but rarely in economic quantities. C. volatile organic compounds. Answer: B . highly unusual formations. easier to build infrastructure for transporting it C. unconventional E. harder to sell D. force more oil out of a drying well. D. C. A. over 50 percent D. A. harder to ship and store B. advantage. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 22. distill usable fuels from raw petroleum. easier to find E. about 75 percent D. disadvantage. B. recover nonfuel materials from an oil well. over 70 percent B. less than 10 percent Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 21.Question Classification: Knowledge 20. polluting. extract new types of fuels from an empty well. less abundant Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension . unrecoverable B. only 1 percent Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 24. recoverable Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 23. environmentally damaging. expensive. 30 to 40 percent E. only 10 percent C. Oil shale and tar sands are examples of ________ oil. disadvantage. available. advantage. A. about 90 percent C. disadvantage. A. only 1 percent E. recover the oil that spills when an oil well gushes. unproven C. E. Secondary recovery techniques are ways to A. all B. unknown D. One ____________ of natural gas is that it is ____________ than either coal or oil. Oil wells are usually able to extract ______ of the petroleum present in an oil reservoir. efficient. Natural gas is the most __________ fuel with _______ of its energy content lost in shipping and handling. Because some people were still supportive of nuclear power. C. conventional gas source. increased sharply B. B. C. the number of plants in operation ______ in the early 1990’s. by-product of human activities. B. E. increased C. has been consistently low since it was invented. decreased sharply D. B. reached a peak of interest due to the Gulf War. Because of the increased concerns about reactor safety and waste disposal. E. decreased E. Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension Plants on order Num ber of Nucl ear Powe r Plant s Plants in operation 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 27. is increasing because of the threat of global warming. Because there is a lag time between ordering and operating a nuclear plant. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 26. D. Because nuclear power does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Both B and C are true. .25. leveled off Answer: E Question Classification: Analysis 28. gradually built to a peak in the 1980s and 1990s. unconventional gas resource. nonrenewable energy source. Interest in nuclear power as a major world energy source A. Why didn’t the “Plants in operation” curve in the diagram above increase to the same level that the “Plants on order” curve peaked? A. Methane from animal waste is an example of a(n) A. was strong in the 1950s but has since faded. E. A. D. D. According to the diagram above. C. Because many utilities cancelled their orders. Because nuclear power does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. produced by bombarding it with electrons from radioactive plutonium D. B. None of these are true. extensively processed in order to change it to a safer form E. Answer: C Question Classification: Comprehension 32. D. Answer: D Question Classification: Application 30. C. about one hundred pellet-filled rods bundled together. C. plutonium. Uranium fuel is ____________ before it can be put into a reactor. Because many utilities cancelled their orders. The Pressurized Water Reactor and the Boiling Water Reactor are essentially the two main designs for a nuclear power plant.Answer: E Question Classification: Application 29. D. C. D. extensively processed to clean and purify it B. found in concentrated form in the Earth and then washed C. electricity is collected directly from the combination of electrons. cadmium E. Which of the following statements regarding nuclear energy is true? A. E. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 33. fuel pellets arranged in a cube and encased in plastic. Why was there an increase for nuclear plants in operation when nuclear plants on order decreased so rapidly in the mid 1970s? A. In a nuclear power plant. about a thousand fuel rods. Because there is a lag time between ordering and operating a nuclear plant. Because some people were still supportive of nuclear power. Because of the increased concerns about reactor safety and waste disposal. thorium. any one of these. D. electricity is collected directly from electrons splitting off from fuel atoms. A. The fuel used in a conventional PWR or BWR nuclear power plants is A. C. fuel pellets packed into a hollow rod. Nearly all nuclear power plants worldwide are built far from water sources to prevent contamination. E. In a nuclear power plant. Decommissioning a nuclear power plant costs up to ten times as much as building it. A fuel assembly in a nuclear power plant consists of A. . B. B. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 31. uranium. B. Nuclear fission occurs when a high-energy subatomic particle. nuclear fusion would get out of control and cause explosions. B. uranium. operate on a very small scale. C. A. freon. the plant would explode like a nuclear bomb. The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that A. D. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 34. move fuel rods around in the chamber. combines with another neutron to release even more energy. E.E. causing another atom to break. provide neutrons to initiate reactions. neutron-absorbing material such as cadmium. breaks in half. D. burn on multiple types of fuels such as plutonium. D. . releases neutrons. absorb neutrons. pressurized air and water B. Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension 36. E. increase the temperature of the water. A breeder reactor is designed to A. cooling systems could fail. liquid sodium Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 38. causing rapid overheating. E. All of these are equally likely. a neutron. provide cooling by decreasing the temperature of the water. Most nuclear plants in the United States use _________ to cool fuel rods and run turbines. create fissionable plutonium from spent fission reactor fuel. and thorium. be safer than any other type of reactor. B. B. as in a refrigerator D. pressurized water and steam E. C. C. strikes a uranium atom. fuel rods could fail to maintain chain reactions. Answer: D Question Classification: Comprehension 35. Answer: B Question Classification: Comprehension 37. forced air C. releases an electron in a gamma wave. releases energy and A. D. B. releases protons. Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to A. C. by shipping overseas to Surinam and Venezuela. and relatively inexpensive . E. Yucca Mountain. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 42. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 43. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 40. technologically easy but publicly objectionable D. D. E. clean. E. proposed breeder reactor project. The liquid sodium that must be used to cool a breeder reactor A. D. banned worldwide since 1957. by dumping at sea. C. All of these are ways that the United States handles nuclear waste storage. C. the most notorious radioactive leak in history. ideal but so far unachievable C. leading nuclear free zone. B. All of these. is explosive in contact with water. proven to be safe because the wastes are sinking to very deep oceanic trenches. efficient. B. None of these. Radioactive waste dumping in oceans has been A. C. proposed national nuclear waste repository. long-time standard E. in the permanent storage depot managed by the federal government. is the site of a A. D. continued by the Soviet government until very recently. Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 41. is highly corrosive. B. C.E. considered by many governments but not carried out. D. common worldwide until last year. proven and common B. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 39. Nuclear waste storage in the United States is handled A. E. in temporary storage at individual plants. Nuclear fusion is a ____________ technology. A. B. permanent nuclear storage depot managed by the federal government. be cooled with cadmium cooling rods. Nevada. burns intensely when exposed to oxygen. For much of the past decade battles have been going on over oil and gas drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. True B. True B. A. . A. the radioactive releases are extremely devastating. False Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 45. A. Since nuclear power plants can explode like a bomb.Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 44. Fossil fuels currently supply about 50 percent of all world commercial energy supplies. True B. False Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 48. The United States has only enough proven oil supplies to last ten years at current rates of consumption. False Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 49. A. False Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 47. True B. True B. A. A. True B. World coal reserves are substantially smaller than petroleum reserves. False Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 50. Under normal operating conditions you are likely to get a higher dose of radiation living next to a nuclear plant than a coal-burning plant. False Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 46. Vice President Dick Cheney strongly supports conservation of energy along with extensive exploration. Communicated with a well written explanation 10 = Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of one energy source.) 15 = Provided at least three accurate arguments supporting the position. Provided an accurate evaluation of the benefits of one energy source. A caller who wondered why no one was discussing nuclear power berated panelists discussing the problems of global warming on a radio show. In your evaluation provide the pros and cons. and the context for which each energy source would best work. Communicated with a fairly well written summary 5= Provided one accurate argument in support of the position. Communicated effectively with a well written summary 10 = Provided two accurate arguments in support of the position. Provided an accurate evaluation of the benefits of one energy source.A. Communicated with a very poorly written explanation . and natural gas. Communicated with a very poorly written summary 52. Provided an accurate evaluation of the benefits of two energy sources. Used an appropriate and accurate context for two energy sources. Communicated effectively with a well written explanation 20 = Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of two energy sources. Communicated with a poorly written summary 0= Provided no accurate arguments in support of the position. Provided an inaccurate evaluation of the benefits of all energy sources. Used an inappropriate and inaccurate context for all energy sources. Evaluate the costs and benefits (more than economic) of using coal. True B. Used an inappropriate and inaccurate context for all energy sources. Communicated with a fairly well written explanation 5= Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of one energy source. Provided an accurate evaluation of the benefits of the three energy sources. Communicated with a poorly written explanation 0= Provided an inaccurate evaluation of the costs of all energy sources. oil. Answer: For a total of 15 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.) 30 = Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of the three energy sources. Answer: For a total of 30 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs. Used an appropriate and accurate context for one energy source. Used an appropriate and accurate context for the three energy sources. How would you react to this caller? Make sure you provide at least three arguments that support your position. False Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge Short Answer/Essay Questions 51.