Chapter 18 Water Pollution1. Factories, sewage treatment plants, and oil wells are __________ sources of water pollution. A. point B. primary C. nonpoint D. tertiary pollutant E. secondary Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 2. _________ sources of water pollution are relatively easy to monitor and regulate while _____________ sources of water pollution are difficult to monitor and cleanup. A. Domestic; industrial B. Primary; tertiary pollutant C. Nonpoint; point D. Tertiary pollutant; primary E. Point; nonpoint Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 3. The discharge from a nonpoint source of pollution is A. usually constant throughout the year. B. generally easier to regulate than a point source. C. usually less polluting than point sources. D. highly seasonal in quantity. E. less damaging than other sources of pollution. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 4. ____________ is to point source of water pollution as _____________ is to nonpoint source of water pollution. A. Golf course runoff; atmospheric deposition B. Golf course runoff; power plant effluent C. Power plant effluent; golf course runoff D. Atmospheric deposition; golf course runoff E. Power plant effluent; underground coal mine drains Answer: C Question Classification: Comprehension 5. Atmospheric deposition of contaminants is an excellent example of A. the properties of water that allow it to disperse contaminants. B. nonpoint pollution. C. a point source of pollution. D. the relative ease in determining sources of contaminants. E. a primary source of pollution. Answer: B D. D. Answer: C Question Classification: Comprehension Clean Drinking Water A B Population 8. C. B. there is a large population of coliform bacteria. indicate the presence of feces in water. there are no contaminants present at all. Coliform bacteria populations are routinely monitored in drinking water supplies. E. C. A is the United States. A is India. B is India. B is Canada. High oxygen content in water is an indication that A. dissolved plant matter. and at beaches because these bacteria A. pathogenic organisms. each letter represents a country. C. E. . are especially toxic to animals. B is Canada. B is the United States. are more difficult to find in water. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 7. water is clean enough to support game fish. C. water is only able to support algae and bacteria. A is China. Answer: A Question Classification: Application 9. may mutate into severely pathogenic strains.Question Classification: Knowledge 6. swimming pools. D. oxygen-demanding wastes. On the above graph of clean drinking water per person. B. B. B. B is India. D. A is India. Which of the following is most likely? A. thermal pollution. E. usually live in pesticide-contaminated water. The water pollutant that most commonly threatens human health is A. A is the United States. toxic and hazardous chemicals. Oxygen content. B. immediately downstream of a pollution source. Temperature. D. the horizontal (X) axis should be labeled A. D. A. at any of the above places. C. after the water recovers from the pollution source. Days Answer: D Question Classification: Analysis 13. In the diagram above. sewage. 0 to 1 . In the diagram above. -1 to 0 B. immediately upstream of a pollution source. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 10. Answer: C Question Classification: Analysis 12. Distance from outfall pipe.E. The most active decomposition occurs in the area marked _____ on the horizontal axis of the diagram. Depth. E. seven to nine miles downstream from a pollution source. Degrees Centigrade B. B. C. Kilometers E. Hours C. An oxygen sag occurs most often A. or food processing wastes have been added to the water. Answer: B Question Classification: Comprehension Y O2 Dissolved Oxygen BOD -1 0 1 2 3 X 11. Meters D. E. paper pulp. Time. which of the following units would probably be used to label the numbers on the horizontal (X) axis? A. blackfly and midge larvae E. megatrophic. bullhead catfish and gar D. 1 to 2 D. dystrophic. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 18. they become A. D. When natural waters are overloaded with plant nutrients. B. heavy tourism and untreated sewage. trout. mayfly and stonefly larvae B. natural topography. sludge worms. B. and mosquito larvae Answer: B Question Classification: Application 16. 1 to 3 Answer: B Question Classification: Analysis 14. which of the following organisms would probably be found in the area marked 3 and higher? A. In the diagram above.C. 2 to 3 E. blackfly and midge larvae E. In the diagram above. D. human activity. C. Cultural eutrophication results from A. C. and mosquito larvae Answer: A Question Classification: Application 15. bullhead catfish and gar D. E. oligotrophic. such as nitrate and phosphate ions. mosquito larvae C. a change in animal life as well as plants. which of the following organisms would probably be found in the area between 1 and 2? A. Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 17. B. mayfly and stonefly larvae B. the disappearance of tributary streams. sludge worms. . E. gar. mosquito larvae C. eutrophic. the particular species of algae there. gar. Algae blooms are a common problem in the Mediterranean Sea because of A. metatrophic. trout. natural sediment and nutrient levels. mercury poisoning. D. D. cadmium poisoning. All of these Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 21. C. nutrients from extremely active agriculture. D. run through toxic soils. E. the heavy storms and waves that occur there. C. Toxic metals such as lead. fecal coliform bacteria. C. salt poisoning. originate in coastal industrial areas. D. rarely threaten water supplies. E. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 23. Acid precipitation is especially disruptive when it occurs in areas with______________ because of the lack of _____________. dissolve natural occurring sulfur dioxide. are so highly acidic.C. alkaline soils. Which of the following are inorganic toxic substances sometimes found in water supplies? A. E. and mercury A. fecal coliform bacteria D. usually don’t accumulate in food chains. salts and lead B. cadmium. B. red tides C. B. Rivers in California’s dry agricultural valleys are often toxic because they A. algal blooms E. are the most common health threat in water. can be toxic if high concentrations are reached. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 19. limestone in the soil. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 22. red tides. acid resistant mosses . huge manure waste lagoons. Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 20. have high concentrations of metals and salts. Itai-Itai developed in Japanese people living near the Jintsu River. E. A. due to acid rain. buffering capacity B. B. This disease was traced to A. can be toxic in extremely small quantities. B. the discovery of newer technology that makes it cheaper not to pollute. cost-benefit analysis B. more than D. buffering capacity Answer: C Question Classification: Comprehension 24. granite bedrock. increase the efficiency of their energy use. suspended solids and BODs. alkaline soils. C. A. decreases in water withdrawal for industrial uses. the same as B. C. pesticides. buffering capacity D. E. watershed management . inorganic toxic substances. slightly more than Answer: B Question Classification: Comprehension 26. granite bedrock. D. A. a series of epidemics that inspired action. In 1998. warm entire rivers to ease temperature gradients. In order to avoid producing thermal plumes. build cooling towers or ponds. D. Dioxins. acidifying agents. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 25. B. toxic organic compounds. C. the emphasis in 1950 of watershed management. heavy metals. significantly more than E. power plants often A. a series of epidemics that inspired action. B. chemically alter their effluent. Power plants generally use a combination of all of the actions above to avoid producing thermal plumes. E. The main reason that surface water pollution has largely decreased in the United States since 1950 is A. acid resistant mosses E. The range of tolerance for temperature in an aquatic organism is likely to be _____ the tolerance range of a terrestrial organism.C. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 28. the EPA. less than C. a change in the approach to water quality was initiated by _________ with an emphasis on _________. and polychlorinated biphenyls are all types of A. E. the Clean Water Act. D. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 27. coliform bacteria C. Minuscule amounts of a pollutant can contaminate an entire aquifer. The contaminants are concentrated by the different densities of water in the aquifers. Feedlots are a major cause of _________ in water. All of these statements are true. D. A. industry. E. Aquifers can take an extremely long time to turn over their water content. cost-benefit analysis D. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 32. A. around injection wells. viruses B. when they are shallow. phosphates E. C. The mobilization and concentration of soluble salts from groundwater D. All of these are examples of natural processes that are accelerated by human activities. Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 29. B. organic compounds . All of these. useful metals B. Eutrophication B. inorganic salts C. ______________ is an example of a natural process that is accelerated by human activities. D.C. around wells. watershed management. C. near their recharge zones. nitrates D. Answer: E Question Classification: Comprehension 31. All of these Answer: E Question Classification: Knowledge 30. decreases in water withdrawal for industrial uses. E. Municipal sewage can be an excellent source of _____________ that are otherwise expensive to mine. Sediment loading of rivers E. The weathering and release of toxic inorganic minerals from rocks C. B. Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension 33. Pollutants are extremely stable once they contaminate an aquifer. Which of the statements is false? A. cost-benefit analysis E. The following statements explain why contamination of aquifers is dangerous. A. Aquifers are especially susceptible to contamination A. the EPA. D. E. E.D. C. B. natural processes take a long time. D. removing solids from water. unlike sewage treatment. sludge. it never really works. making water usable for agriculture. Kitchen wastes from cooking B. making water transparent again. it is an expensive process to maintain. Answer: B Question Classification: Comprehension 35. The potential problem with natural decay for human waste is that A. __________ should never be allowed down a drain when a septic tank and drain field system is being used for sewage disposal. it produces toxic by-products. A. C. Oils and greases E. agriculture. Primary sewage treatment involves A. suspended solids. Tertiary sewage treatment is designed to remove A. B. Solid materials Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 36. B. dumping into freshwater systems. C. removing all bacteria. . Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 38. it only works where population density is low. useful organic materials. Tertiary treatment of sewage produces water that is usable for A. removing all organic matter from water. drinking. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 37. large solids. B. industrial activities. toxic chemicals E. Dog or cat urinary or fecal matter C. C. D. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 34. watering livestock. E. Chlorine and antimicrobial cleansers D. since solids are digested like a septic system. extraction techniques of remediation. extraction techniques of remediation. C. A. nitrates and phosphates. pipes and pumps to the central treatment plant can be small and cheap. Answer: D Question Classification: Knowledge 39. E. technologically advanced system C. fully modern. expensive municipal systems are no longer needed. pollution and polluters. priority toxic pollutants. C. D. Using Bentonite slurries to stabilize liquids in porous substances is an example of A.D. a containment method of remediation. . D. E. bioremediation. the effluent can be used for fertilizer. Using duckweed in a lagoon as low-tech sewage treatment plants is an example of A. Answer: A Question Classification: Comprehension 42. Best practical technology (BPT) is legally required for all A. since solids remain in the liquid. disposal is easy and cheap. The city of Arcata. natural marsh D. in vitro extraction techniques. California. families can do all their processing at home. common toxic pollutants. Answer: C Question Classification: Comprehension 43. B. dissolved organic compounds. is notable because it designed a _________ to treat its sewage. E. B. B. C. tertiary sewage treatment. bioremediation. The advantage of effluent sewerage is that A. system of modern outhouses B. a containment method of remediation. corporate sponsorship system E. C. D. living machine Answer: C Question Classification: Knowledge 41. large. B. D. in vitro extraction techniques. tertiary sewage treatment. E. point source polluters. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 40. since solids are removed. Clean Water Act. The cheapest and most effective way to reduce water pollution is to use technology to separate wastes for nonpoint sources. an infringement on their use of private property B.E. an infringement on their use of private property D. True. B. nonpoint pollution. B. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 48. Endangered Species Act. municipal planning officers to control urban runoff. organic compounds. specifically. ineffective because it does not prevent pollutants C. Best available economically achievable technology (BAT) standards are standards set for A. C. B. False. an infringement on their use of private property Answer: E Question Classification: Comprehension 46. Wetland protection is one of the most controversial provisions of the ___________ because opponents believe that the legislation is _____________ A. A. E. False. Open sea bilge pumping and tank cleaning are legal ways to clean ships. True. all point sources. A. D. radioactive waste. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 45. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge Short Answer/Essay Questions . B. Sediments in rivers are especially harmful to Louisiana’s coastal wetlands. A. once the ship is at least 300 miles off shore. False. Clean Air Act. Clean Water Act. toxic substances. Land Use Act. Answer: B Question Classification: Knowledge 47. ineffective because it does not prevent pollutants E. Answer: A Question Classification: Knowledge 44. True. Did not support the contrast with accurate evidence AND Communicated with a very poorly written summary . Provided an accurate drawing 5= Provided a fairly accurate description of the relationship between the two terms. Provided at least one contrast. Communicated with a fairly well written summary 10 = Provided at least one accurate comparison. 3 points for each example). 51. Communicated with a fairly well written summary 5= Provided at least one accurate comparison. Supported the contrasts with accurate evidence. Supported the contrast with evidence. Supported the comparisons with accurate evidence.) 20 = Provided at least three accurate comparisons. 52. Explain the connections between oxygen sag and biological oxygen demand.) 10 = Provided accurate description of the relationship between the two terms. Supported the comparison with accurate evidence OR Provided at least one accurate contrast. Provided an inaccurate drawing 0= Provided inaccurate description of the relationship between the two terms. Answer: For a total of 20 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs. Compare and contrast the cleanup and control of nonpoint and point sources of water pollution. Supported the comparison with accurate evidence. Provided at least three accurate contrasts. Supported the contrasts with accurate evidence. Identify four categories of ecosystem disruption problems associated with water pollution and an example for each one (2 points for each category. 3 points for each example). Use a drawing in your explanation. Answer: For a total of 10 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs. Provided an inaccurate drawing 50.49. Supported the contrast with accurate evidence AND Communicated with a poorly written summary 0= Provided at least one comparison. Supported the comparisons with accurate evidence. Did not support the comparison with accurate evidence OR Provided at least one contrast. Identify four categories of human health problems associated with water pollution and an example for each one (2 points for each category. Provided at least two accurate contrasts. Communicated effectively with a well written summary 15 = Provided at least two accurate comparisons.