Chap_08

Chapter 8The Sick Role Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which theorist’s work was not included as part of Parsons’s concept of the sick role? a. Emile Durkheim. b. Max Weber. c. Sigmund Freud. d. Erving Goffman. e. All of the above are theorists whose work was included. Answer: D Page: 171 2. “A state or condition of suffering as the result of a disease or sickness” defines: a. The sick role. b. Illness. c. Disability. d. Disease. e. None of the Above. Answer: B Page: 166 3. The traditional identifying criteria for disease do NOT include: a. The patient’s experience of subjective feelings of sickness. b. The finding by the physician through examination and/or laboratory tests or other indicators that the patient has a disordered function of the body. c. The patient’s symptoms conforming to a recognizable clinical pattern. d. The patient’s significant other’s identification of a “sick pattern.” e. All of the above. Answer: D Page: 166 4. The sick role is oriented toward which group? a. Upper class. b. Upper and middle class. c. Middle class. d. Lower class. e. All of the above. Answer: C Page: 182 5. The term ___________ has been characterized as an adverse physical state, consisting of a physiological dysfunction within an individual. a. The sick role. b. Illness. 64 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Answer: C Page: 178 9. None of the above. a. c. Situational authority. c. Purely about the shift in expectation from birthing at home to delivering at a hospital. d. Answer: D Page: 173 7. Behavioral modification. e. Types of diseases. _______________ is where the deviants are temporarily exempted from normal obligations and gain some extra privileges. All rights reserved. goes to the doctor. Answer: D Page: 167 6. Which is NOT one? a. Unconditional legitimacy. Situational dependency of the patient. b. provided that they seek help in order to rid themselves of their deviance. b. Medicalization is: a. d. None of the Above. All of the above are techniques used to exercise leverage. A concept which is not health care/medical related. Illegitimacy. but rather refers to the sociological process of identifying stakeholders in a given situation. Inc. Which is NOT a criticism of Parsons’s sick-role theory? a. Objective authority. e. e. e. None of the above. 65 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. The physician exercises leverage over the patient through three basic techniques. d. d. e. Disease. d. b. All of the above are criticisms. c. The process where an individual falls sick. Conditional legitimacy. b. Behavioral variation. Professional prestige. c. Answer: B Page: 176 8. .c. and seeks out a cure or guidance. Forgiveness. The patient–physician relationship. A process where previously non-medical problems are defined and treated as medical problems. Disability. c. e. b. None of the above. Social judgment. . Psycho-social stand. Wide-sweeping statement. ________________ is where the deviants are exempted from some normal obligations by virtue of their deviance. d. Answer: E Page: 167 14. ________________ is where deviants are exempted permanently from normal obligations and are granted additional privileges in view of the hopeless nature of their deviance. b. A pronouncement of deviant behavior involves making a _____________ about what is right and proper behavior according to a social norm. Abominations of the body. c. All of the above. Conditional legitimacy.Answer: A Page: 184 10. for which they are technically not responsible. Lasting proclamation d. c. Answer: A Page: 189 13. The functionalist perspective on deviance: 66 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. Blemishes of individual character. Answer: C Page: 185 11. e. Feeling of lack of control. Stigmatized assertion. Illegitimacy. b. None of the above. d. e. Disability of the form and mind. a. b. Forgiveness. Inc. People who are physically handicapped typically fall into which category of stigma? a. a. Forgiveness. a. Unconditional legitimacy. All rights reserved. Unconditional legitimacy. but gain few if any privileges. Conditional legitimacy. d. c. e. Answer: B Page: 184-185 12. Illegitimacy. a. Inc. representing a homeostatic approach to deviance. stigma represents a rupture between an individual’s __________ and ___________ social identity that is regarded in some way as failing. Max Weber. Is based on the concept that what is regarded as deviant behavior by one person or social group may not be so regarded by other persons or social groups. socially assigned. c. Answer: D Page: 183 17. equilibrium. Howard Becker. real. d. systems. None of the above. None of the above. Who was one of the leading proponents of labeling theory? a. Virtual. Pre-illness. Processes such as crime and mental illness which disrupt the social order are: a. c. Relies on the ideas of what is good and what is bad to define illness. c. e. Stresses societal-level processes. All rights reserved. Sigmund Freud. b. d. Emile Durkheim. but also incorporates biological components. Purely focuses on health and well-being and disregards other forms of deviance. representing a homeostatic approach to deviance. and interrelationships. Relies on the ideas of what is good and what is bad to define illness. Is based on the concept that what is regarded as deviant behavior by one person or social group may not be so regarded by other persons or social groups. d. equilibrium. b. a. e. Imagined. As Goffman points out. such as criminality. Answer: C Page: 169 15. The symbolic interactionalist perspective on deviance: a. Functional. b. but also incorporates biological components. post-illness. Answer: A Page: 184 16. d. and interrelationships. All of these were proponents. . Purely focuses on health and wellbeing and disregards other forms of deviance. e. c. b. None of the above. Answer: B Page: 190 18. such as criminality. actual. Stresses societal-level processes. e. Perceived. systems. 67 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. Jails. Howard Becker. Primary reward. Secondary gain. e. Dysfunctional. d. There are different types of illnesses resulting in different reactions. e. c. Answer: B Page: 169 19. Tertiary exemptions. Sigmund Freud. All of the above are theorists whose work was included. All rights reserved. Being sick is not a deliberate and knowing choice of the sick person. b. Answer: E Page: 169 20. Primary reaction. Answer: B Page: 171 22. c. e. c. b. d. e. Emile Durkheim. . d. None of the above. Answer: B Page: 172 68 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. c. None of the above. Rare. Parsons’s concept of the sick role is based on the assumption that: a. b. Whose views on religious values are utilized by Parsons in describing the role of the physician? a. Mental hospitals. b. a. Inc. Juvenile detention. c. Unnecessary. A person may desire to retain the sick role more or less permanently because of what Parsons calls a _______________. Answer: B Page: 170 21. All of the above are examples of sanctions. Illness always subsides and is replaced by well-being. Max Weber. Which is NOT used as a form of sanction? a. which is the exemption from normal obligations and the gaining of other privileges commonly accorded to the sick. e. None of the above. Prisons. d. Illness is normal and routine.b. d. Managed care. Parsons was the first to demonstrate the function of medicine as a form of: a. Equal. 69 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. a. c. e. Muslims. Unequal. which makes insurance companies as third-party payers important in both bolstering medicalization through its coverage of particular services and a constraint in placing limitations on those services. b. Inc. Stigmatization. Deviance. d. b. Health U. Protestants. __________________ has become the dominant form of health care delivery in the U. The Manual to Diagnosing Disease and Illness.23. and the status and power of the parties are ______________. The American Psychiatric Association releases a guide to identifying disease called: a. d. b. d. All rights reserved. c. None of the above. was much more applicable to which religious group? a. b. Answer: A Page: 177 27. Medicare/Medicaid.S. Answer: C Page: 173 25. c. . Answer: A Page: 172 24. d. None of the above. Fee-for-service. e. Jews. b. Twaddle found that the sick role. Answer: D Page: 176 26. Balanced. Social control. d. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Medicalization. The Guide to Illness and Health. None of the above. e. a. The patient-physician relationship involves mutuality in the form of behavioral expectations.. All of the above. Unknown. e. as defined by Parsons. c. None of the above. c.S. Catholics. Upper class. Mexicans. Answer: TRUE Page: 169 2. Answer: B Page: 181 30. e.e. Hindus. Acute. Inc. d. Answer: D Page: 178 28. a. Parson's concept of the sick role applies to chronic illnesses as well as to acute illnesses. e. b. decisions. All of the above. All rights reserved. Parson's concept of the sick role adequately accounts for variations in the way people perceive illness and illness behavior. Italians. Lower class. None of the above. Chinese. Infectious. e. Many people in the ______________ may tend to deny the sick role. Catastrophic. c. Answer: FALSE Page: 181 3. c. d. British. Middle class. They argue that changes. Chronic. a. c. Upper and middle class. Parsons’s concept of the sick role seems to typically apply only to _________ diseases. . d. b. and definitions made in one part of the system affects the other parts of the system. Functionalist theorists conceptualize social systems as composed of various connected parts. Which ethnic group was more susceptible to pain in the Zborowski study? a. Americans. 70 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. Answer: A Page: 179 29. Answer: D Page: 182 True False Questions 1. b. A major expectation concerning the sick is that they are able to take care of themselves. Answer: FALSE Page: 169 11. Deviant behavior always produces undesirable consequences for society. Answer: FALSE Page: 171 7. Sociologists have typically viewed sickness as a form of deviant behavior. In medical sociology. Answer: TRUE Page: 167 5. Deviance in a social system is reduced through the application of social sanctions against the offender. Answer: FALSE Page: 171 12. a sickness is a social state. 71 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. Answer: FALSE Page: 167 10.Answer: FALSE Page: 180 4. Psychoanalytic theories of the structure of personality and the unconscious played little role in Parson’s development of his notion of individual motivation. Inc. All rights reserved. Conformity to prevailing norms is generally punished for lack of ingenuity. Parsons insists that sickness is functional because it provides the basis for social control of the ill. The biological view of deviance has been generally accepted by contemporary sociologists. Answer: TRUE Page: 185 8. Answer: TRUE Page: 167 9. Labeling theory does not explain the cause of deviance other than by the reaction of other people to it. signifying an impaired social role for those who are ill. Answer: TRUE Page: 169 13. . Answer: FALSE Page: 168 6. All rights reserved. Inc. Answer: TRUE Page: 176 20. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the labeling theory view of sickness? 3. Some criticisms of Parson’s sick role are based upon a misunderstanding of Parsons. Answer: TRUE Page: 173 18. to return the sick person to his or her normal state of functioning. Describe Rier’s story/experience. . Answer: FALSE Page: 172 19. Answer: TRUE Page: 172 16.Answer: FALSE Page: 171 14. Answer: TRUE Page: 183 Essay Questions 1. What are the major criticisms of Parsons' concept of the sick role? Should the concept be abandoned? Explain. 2. Parsons’s concept of the sick role helps us understand medicine’s role in promoting social stability. as Parsons tells us. The role of the patient depends on the conception that the patient holds of the his/her role. The physician’s role is. 4. Answer: FALSE Page: 172 17. Answer: FALSE Page: 172 15. The patient–physician relationship is not intended by society to be therapeutic in nature. The role of the physician is based upon an imbalance of power and technical expertise favorable exclusively to the physician. Ideas on the function of moral authority and views on religious values are utilized by Parsons in describing the role of the patient. What are the four basic categories of Parson’s sick role? Describe thoroughly. Why was this a unique experience? Were any conclusions made? 72 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. Inc. . How does stigma relate to the sick role and illness in general? 73 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education. What is stigma? Define Goffman’s types of stigma.5. All rights reserved.