CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training WorkshopUNFCCC – NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Waste Practical Aspects and Exercises 6.1 CONTENT Details on use of the UNFCCC-NAI Software to calculate and report GHG emissions in the Waste sector. Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after the presentation). 6.2 BACKGROUND The decision trees in the IPCC good practice guidance (GPG2000) are used to choose a good practice method that suits national circumstances. The UNFCCC-NAI Software contains, basically, the methods of lesser complexity that countries can use to prepare their inventories. However, in principle, the software can be used to report the estimated emissions independently of the complexity of method used (Tier 2, 3, etc). 6.3 SECTOR: WASTE Sector 6: Waste Source Categories and Subcategories Worksheets 6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal 6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1sC (4) 6B1. CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and 6-2s1 to 6-2s4 (4) Sludge 6B2. CH4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling 6-3s1 to 6-3s4 (4) 6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage 6-4s1 (1) (*) 6C. Waste Incineration 6-5s1 (1) (**) (#) Quantity of sheets Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software * To avoid double counting, a column was included in the UNFCCC–NAI Software for considering (decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge). ** The UNFCCC–NAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from waste incineration. Such as worksheet was not included in the IPCC software and the IPCC Guidelines. 6.4 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal SECTOR: WASTE (1) MAIN UNFCCC CATEGORIES NAI SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6A. CH4 6-1s1 and 6-1A Emissions from to 6-1C Solid Waste Disposal Remarks - The IPCC Guidelines do not classify methodological tiers for the Waste sector. Methodological tiers 1 and 2 are defined in the GPG2000. The two methods can yield quite different estimates. Tier 1. Default Method - Based on the assumption that all potential CH4 is released in the year the waste is disposed. If the amount or composition of waste change rapidly over time this method will not provide an accurate trend. - If the activity data are available then there is not difficulty in using the Tier 1 Method and the software to estimate CH4 emissions, but it is recommended to use this method only as a last alternative until the IPCC 2006 Guidelines are available. - Most of the factors required to apply this method can usually be obtained or estimated. Default values can also be applied. - It is required to know the population whose waste goes to SWDs (total or urban), the MSW generation rate (country specific or default), and the fraction of MSW disposed of in SWDs (country-specific or default). The parameter Lo (methane generation potential) is more difficult because it requires that the degradable organic component (DOC) be known, which is based on the composition of the waste. 6.5 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal SECTOR: WASTE (2) MAIN UNFCCC CATEGORIES NAI SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6A. CH4 6-1s1 and 6-1A Emissions from to 6-1C Solid Waste Disposal Remarks Tier 1. Default Method. When applying this method keep in mind that: 1 - If a significant quantity of organic industrial solid waste is disposed of to SWDs, care should be taken to determine the per capita solid waste generation rate and DOC. 2 - DOCf: The default value provided in the IPCC Guidelines is appropriate if lignin C is excluded. If lignin C is included a value in the range 0.5–0.6 should be used. 3 - Oxidation factor is assumed as zero except for well managed sites where 0.1 is reasonable. 4 - CO2 emissions are reported if combustion is used as a management practice at solid waste disposal sites (CO2 emissions from non-biogenic sources are included in the totals). It is necessary to know the composition of the material that is combusted. 5 - Sludge from wastewater handling if often disposed of to SWDs. Emissions from this sludge should be included under this category. 6 - Add notes in the documentation box of the worksheet clarifying if all SWDs were included and if any industrial sites were included. 6.6 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal SECTOR: WASTE (3) MAIN UNFCCC -NAI CATEGORIES SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal Tier 2 Methods First Order Decay (FOD) Method Remarks Tier 2. - It is good practice to use the FOD method, if possible, because it more accurately reflects the emission trend. - Produces a time-dependent emission profile that better reflects the true pattern of the degradation process. - Requires data on current as well as historic waste quantities, composition and disposal practices. It is good practice to estimate this historical data if such data are unavailable. - The IPCC Guidelines do not provide default values or methods for the estimation of some key parameters. However, the main difficulties of this method are also related with Lo besides the historical behavior of some variables. Other parameters can be obtained from recommended interval. - With the UNFCCC–NAI software is impossible to calculate the methane emissions, in this source category, using the FOD method (Tier 2). Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the default method, then: 1) make the calculations outside of the software, 2) incorporate the results manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of the Inventory, 3) add a note to the documentation boxes of Tables 6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1B clarifying the method used and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR. 6.7 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (4) MAIN UNFCCC – CATEGORIES NAI SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6B1. CH4 Emissions 6-2s1 to 6-2s4 from Domestic and The IPCC Commercial Guidelines Wastewater and describe a Sludge single method for calculating CH4 emissions. Remarks - If Activity Data are available then there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. - Emissions are a function of the amount of waste generated and an EF. Any CH4 that is recovered and flared or used for energy should be subtracted from total emissions. - Good practice is to use country-specific data expressed in terms of kg CH4/kg BOD removed. If country-specific data are not available, a default value can be used. It is good practice to use a default value of 0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD. 6.8 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (4) MAIN UNFCCC – CATEGORIES NAI SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6B1. CH4 Emissions 6-2s1 to 6-2s4 from Domestic and The IPCC Commercial Guidelines Wastewater and describe a Sludge single method for calculating CH4 emissions. Remarks Notes: 1 - The IPCC Guidelines provide only one default value of Bo that has to be applied to both COD and BOD. This is not consistent with the observed differences between BOD and COD in raw sewage. 2 - If default factors are being used, emissions from wastewater and sludge can be estimated together. 3 - CH4 emissions from sludge sent to landfills or used in agriculture are not included in this sector. 4 - Sludge incinerated as part of energy recovery should be included in the energy sector. 6.9 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling (I) Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheets 6-2s1 to 6-2s4 Data The National Statistics Office has provided the information included in the following table. Population (1000 persons) 18 250.5 Degradable organic component 15 330 kg BOD/1000 persons/yr Fraction of DOC removed as sludge 0 Methane recovered 5 000 tonne 6.10 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling (II) Other Data: Use the following values for the calculation: Wastewater handling system Fraction of wastewater treated by the handling system Methane conversion factor for the handling system Collected (sewered to plant) Lagoons (anaerobic deep) Not specified 0.02 0.05 0.3 0.8 0.75 0.15 Uncollected (treated on site) Latrines and septic systems With regular sediment removal 6.11 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling (III) Tasks Using the UNFCCC-NAI Software: Calculate net CH4 emissions. Verify the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary Tables. Fill Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality and completeness. Print the worksheet used, the Sectoral Summary Table and the Overview Table (8A). 6.12 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling (IV) Steps 2. Open the software and select in the Waste sector Worksheet 6-2s1 Estimation of Organic Wastewater and Sludge. 3. Specify in column A that the estimation is for “all country”. 4. Enter population data in Column B, and DOC in column C. 5. Specify the Fraction of DOC removed as sludge. The software calculates the Total Domestic/Commercial Organic Wastewater. 6.13 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling (V) Steps Go to Worksheet 6-2s2 and specify in column A the Wastewater Handling Systems used in the country. Enter in column B the Fraction of Wastewater Treated by the Handling Systems and in C the Methane Conversion Factor. Enter in E the Maximum Methane Producing Capacity (0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD). The software calculates the EF. Go to Worksheet 6-2s4 and enter in D the Methane Recovered. The software calculates Net CH4 emissions. 6.14 ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC WASTEWATER 6.15 ESTIMATION OF EMISSION FACTOR 6.16 CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER HANDLING 6.17 CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTICA AND COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SECTORAL REPORT TABLE 6.18 CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 6.19 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (5) MAIN UNFCCC - NAI CATEGORIES SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6B2. CH4 6-3s1 to 6-3s4 Emissions From - The method is Industrial similar to the one Wastewater and used for domestic Sludge Handling wastewater. - The development of EF and AD is more complex because there are many types of wastewater and many different industries. Remarks - If activity data are available then there is no difficulty in using the software to estimate emissions. If no national data are available: - Estimate CH4 for all industries using expert judgment or default values for COD data. Suggestion: 1. If possible, collect or estimate COD data for the three or four most important industry types with treatment in site (e.g. food and beverages, pulp and paper, textiles, petrochemicals, etc.). 2. Calculate CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater based on COD from most important industries. 6.20 SECTOR: WASTE CH4 Emissions from Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (5) MAIN UNFCCC - NAI CATEGORIES SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6B2. CH4 6-3s1 to 6-3s4 Emissions From - The method is Industrial similar to the one Wastewater and used for domestic Sludge Handling wastewater. - The development of EF and AD is more complex because there are many types of wastewater and many different industries. Remarks Notes: - Typical COD values for some industries provided in the IPCC Guidelines were updated in GPG2000 (Table 5.4). The units for wastewater generation and COD in this Table are different (but equivalent) to those of the workbook and the software. - The EF calculation in worksheets 6-3s2 and 6-3s3 should be made for specific industrial wastewater sources. To do this it would be necessary to copy and insert these worksheets several times and to assure the necessary links. Another option is to make an aggregated analysis for each type of Wastewater Handling System used for industry type (or for all the industries). - Possibility of double counting emissions due to some industrial wastewater being released into municipal sewerage systems and accounted under Domestic and Commercial Wastewater. - Possible overestimation of CH4 emissions as a result of the incineration of sludge. 6.21 SECTOR: WASTE Indirect N2O Emissions from Human Sewage SECTOR: WASTE (6) MAIN CATEGORIES 6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage UNFCCC NAI SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6-4s1 Remarks Default Method - Method based on per capita protein consumption. This method for estimating N2O emissions from N in sewage that is discharged into rivers and/or estuaries is presented in chapter 4 Agriculture of GPG2000, although these emissions are reported under the Waste sector (Domestic and Commercial Wastewater). - Requires knowing the average annual Per Capita Protein consumption in the country, the Population in the Country, the Fraction of N in Protein and the EF (EF6). Country-specific and default data may be used. Note: Country-specific values of EF6 must be used with great caution because of the complexity of this emission pathway. - The software can be used directly for the estimation. - To avoid double counting, a column for considering (decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge) was included in the software. SECTOR: WASTE Emissions from Waste Incineration SECTOR: WASTE (7) MAIN UNFCCC - NAI CATEGORIES SOFTWARE Tier 1: Worksheets 6C. Waste Incineration - This source category was not included in the Workbook and the IPCC Software, therefore there are no Worksheets. - The Reference section of the IPCC Guidelines Manual describes a general approach and provides references to methods available for some of the gases. - The UNFCCC–NAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from waste incineration. The IPCC software and the IPCC Guidelines do not include worksheets for this source category. Remarks Emissions from this source category can be estimated using the UNFCCC–NAI software. - GPG2000 provides approaches to determine the emissions of CO2 and N2O (emissions of CH4 are not likely to be significant). - The method requires knowing waste incinerated, EF and the burn out efficiency of combustion. Country-specific and default values may be used. - The most accurate estimates can be developed by determining the emissions for each type of waste (e.g. municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, clinical waste and hazardous waste). Notes: 1 - Only CO2 emissions resulting from the incineration of carbon in waste of fossil origin (e.g. plastics, certain textiles, rubber, liquid solvents and waste oil) should be included. 2 - CO2 emissions from combustion used as a management practice at SWDSs are to be included under Solid Waste Disposal. 3 - Emissions without energy recovery have to be reported in the Waste Sector, whereas emissions with energy recovery should be reported in the Energy Sector. 6.23 NEW WORSHEET 6-5S1 INCLUDED IN THE UNFCCC–NAI SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATING EMISSIONS FROM WASTE INCINERATION 6.24 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste Disposal on Land (I) Country A: Year: 2000. Data The Environment Ministry provided data on solid waste disposal in the country during the year 2000. It also provided results from studies carried out on solid waste characterization. Determine the CH4 emissions from the disposition of solid waste on land using the UNFCCC-NAI Software. Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the Summary Tables of the Inventory the report of results obtained. 6.25 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste Disposal on Land (II) COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH SOLID WASTES DISPOSAL Urban population of the country MSW generation rate Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDSs Proportion of waste for each type of SWDSs 8 666 744 persons 0.68 kg/capita/day 1 0.7 0.3 0.18 0 Managed Unmanaged-shallow Fraction of DOC in MSW Recovered methane per year (Gg) 6.26 SECTOR: WASTE Exercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste Disposal on Land (III) RESULTS CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal on land 113.73 Gg CH4 6.27 Thank you 6.28
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