This article contains one or more incomplete lists which may never be able to satisfy particular standards forcompleteness. You can help by expanding it / them with entries that are reliably sourced. Casterelated violence has occurred and occurs in India in various forms. According to a report by Human Rights Watch, "Dalits and indigenous peoples (known as Scheduled Tribes or adivasis) continue to face discrimination, exclusion, and acts of communal violence. Laws and policies adopted by the Indian government provide a strong basis for protection, but are not being faithfully implemented by local authorities."[1] 1968 Kilvenmani massacre, Tamil Nadu Main article: Kilvenmani massacre December 25, 1968 in which a group of c.44 striking Dalit (untouchable) village labourers were murdered by a gang, allegedly sent by their landlords, as they were demanding higher wages. 1981 Phoolan Devi, Uttar Pradesh Main article: Phoolan Devi Phoolan Devi (1963 – 2001) was an Indian dacoit (bandit), who later turned politician. Born into a traditional boatman class Mallaah family, she was kidnapped by a gang of dacoits. The Gujjar leader of the gang tried to rape her, but she was protected by the deputy leader Vikram, who belonged to her caste. Later, an uppercaste Thakur friend of Vikram killed him, abducted Phoolan, and locked her up in the Behmai village. Phoolan was raped in the village by Thakur men, until she managed to escape after three weeks.[2] Phoolan Devi then formed a gang of Mallahs, which carried out a series of violent robberies in north and central India, mainly targeting uppercaste people. Some say that Phoolan Devi targeted only the uppercaste people and shared the loot with the lowercaste people, but the Indian authorities insist this is a myth.[3] Seventeen months after her escape from Behmai, Phoolan returned to the village, to take her revenge. On February 14, 1981, her gang massacred twentytwo Thakur men in the village, only two of which were supposedly involved in her kidnapping or rape. Phoolan Devi later surrendered and served eleven years in prison, after which she became a politician. During her election campaign, she was criticized by the women widowed in the Behmai massacre. Kshatriya Swabhimaan Andolan Samanvay where madiga caste dalits were killed by Kamma then ruling caste in 1985. as the Christian community people filed a case on government employees who were in job. 2001. on the 31 July 2007. Phoolan Devi was shot dead by unknown assassins."[4] 1985: Karamchedu massacre Karamchedu massacre is a massacre which occurred in Karamchedu. [6] 1991Tsundur Andhra Pradesh The village became infamous for the killing of 8 dalits on the 6 August 1991. a man called Sher Singh Rana confessed to the murder. On July 25. This happened after police department asked locals to go aggressive against large number of eve teasing outsiders entering village .STs Atrocities(Prevention) Act.000 each. and carries out actions against the outlawed naxals in rural areas. held a statewide campaign to protest against her. The group is based amongst the highercaste landlords. composed of mainly Reddys and telagas chased down the victims along the bund of an irrigation canal. KSASC decided to honor Rana for "upholding the dignity of the Thakur community" and "drying the tears of the widows of Behmai. In the trial which was concluded. Although the police were skeptical of his claims. by special judge established for the Purpose under SC. But so many people who are in that village oppose that. She was elected a Member of Parliament twice.Many people lost their lives in the incident. 21 people were sentenced to life imprisonment and 35 others to a year of rigorous imprisonment and a penalty of Rs. Later. a Kshatriya organization. Rana escaped from Tihar Jail in 2004. Andhra Pradesh on 17 July 1985. saying he was avenging the deaths of 22 Kshatriyas at Behmai. he was arrested. In 2006.Committee (KSASC). when a mob of over 300 people. 2. It has committed violent acts against Dalits and other members of the scheduled caste community in an effort to prevent their land from going to them.[5] 1990s: Ranvir Sena Main article: Ranvir Sena Ranvir Sena is a castesupremacist fringe militia group based in Bihar. There might be a rumor the Christian community . [7] Among the dead were 11 women. Widespread claims suggest they were killed by Ranvir Sena aggressors. six children and three infants. they had it coming. the case is surrounded by many rumors hence a completely reliable source of evidence is not known for this incident. [6] Six members of Naimuddin Ansari's family were slaughtered by Ranvir Sena according to the Naimuddin Ansari's witness statement. Ranvir Sena mob killed women and cildren in particular with the intention of deterring any future resistance which they foresaw. the Patna High Court acquitted 23 men convicted of the murders. justified the reactionary mobilisation of the upper castes against those Naxals. the Bihar State SC/ST Welfare Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi stated that the NDAled Government (under Nitish Kumar) had decided to move to Supreme court challenging the Patna HC Order. 1996 Bathani Tola Massacre. The labourers did not want to work. A Division Bench of judges Navneeti Prasad Singh and Ashwani Kumar Singh cited "defective evidence" to acquit all of them. So.. The crops belong to us. expressed being shocked at the High Court verdict and reportedly said that "sufficient evidence were at hand to uphold the judgement ." [6] Post Bathani Tola Carnage there were several retaliatory naxal attacks killing at least 500 upper caste civilians [9] as well as attacks on Dalits and Labourers organized by the Ranvir Sena in Laxmanpur Bathe and Sankarbigha in which 81 Dalits were killed. "The land is ours.[6][7] The next day.However. Bhojpur in Bihar on 11 July 1996. whose 3 month old daughter was killed. Anand Vatsyayan. Naimuddin's 7 year son Saddam was attacked and his face was mutilated by sword lacerations. who spoke to the Hindu correspondent Shoumojit Banerjee. and also hampered our efforts by burning our machines and imposing economic blockades. The FIR was lodged against 33 persons the day after the massacre.[6] The Counsel for the witness. Niammuddin was a bangleseller at the time of the carnage.people put case on reddy and telaga communities on the basis of voter list.[8] A Ranvir Sena sympathizer. Bihar Main article: 1996 Bathani Tola Massacre 21 Dalits were killed by the Ranvir Sena in Bathani Tola. On 17 April 2012. Additional District Judge Vijay Prakash Mishra sentenced to life imprisonment the remaining 10 convicts and imposed a fine of Rs.[10] 1997 Melavalavu Massacre. in Tamil Nadu's Madurai district. 2006. Tamil Nadu In the village of Melavalavu.000 on each. of the six prime witnesses questioned in this case. On appeal. 2008. Ranvir Sena gunned down 58 Dalits at Laxmanpur Bathe in retaliation for the Bara massacre in Gaya where 37 upper castes were killed for no reason. members of a highercaste(Thevar) group murdered six Dalits in June 1997. Charges were framed in the LaxmanpurBathe case against 46 Ranvir Sena men on December 23.[10] Around 91 of 152 witnesses in the case had deposed before the court. a specific Bhumihar community of upper castes was targeted in retaliation for their opposition towards handing out their land for land reform. a group of persons attacked Murugesan. the High Court by its judgment dated April 19. Melavalavu panchayat. The trial court convicted Alagarsamy and 16 others and sentenced them to undergo life imprisonment. all had conclusively pointed fingers at the persons convicted by the lower court. [11] In June 1997.[11] . And. The eyewitnesses need not remember all the names. Alagarsamy and others filed appeals against this judgment. A total of 40 persons were cited as accused in the case.passed by the Ara sessions court. was declared a reserved constituency in 1996.[10] On 7 April 2010 sentenced 16 convicted persons to death out of the 26 convicted at Patna court. vicepresident Mookan and others with deadly weapons.[7] 1997 Laxmanpur Bathe Carnage. Bihar On 1 December 1997. This had caused resentment between Scheduled Caste people and Ambalakarar community. Announcing the judgement. Murugesan was elected president. In the 1996 panchayat elections. 50. which was a general constituency. following the election of a Dalit to the village council presidency. resulting in the death of six persons and injuries to many others. The Supreme Court guidelines in the event of a massacre are quite clear. In particular. confirmed the trial court’s order. a statue of B. was attacked by unknown assailants.[12] 1999 Bant Singh case. Eight people were killed in Karnataka in an outbreak of caste violence. The police arrested four persons for allegedly committing the crime on 9 September 2007. Mazhabi. It was only on July 20 that the four panchayat members and the head Ramesh lal were arrested. 26 people were injured when the police carried out a lathi charge against the protesters. . 2006 Bant Singh.[13] On the evening of January 5. Ambedkar in the Dalit colony of Ramabai was desecrated by unknown individuals. An initially peaceful protest was fired on by the police. including a bystander who had not been involved in the protests. after the State Home Department was compelled to order an inquiry into the incident. Dalit Sikh.1997 Ramabai killings. as the leader of the team stood accused in multiple cases involving castebased discrimination. who was gang raped by upper caste members of his village in Punjab five years earlier. Commentators suggested that the arbitrarily violent response from the police had been the result of caste based prejudice. He alleges that this was in retaliation for actively working to secure justice for his daughter. His injuries necessitated medical amputation.[16] 2000 Caste violence in Karnataka Karnataka that is generally known for frequent linguistic violence incidents against non Kannada[17] population and religious violence incidents. Punjab In January 1999 four members of the village panchayat of Bhungar Khera village in Abohar paraded a handicapped Dalit woman. Ramvati devi naked through the village. despite local Dalit protests. stripped and tied to a tree in Ram Duali village of Punjab because her nephew eloped with a girl from the same community.[14][15] A 55yearold Dalit Sikh woman. Sawinder Kaur has been tortured. killing ten people. Later in the day. Mumbai Main article: 1997 Ramabai killings On 11 July 1997. No action was taken by the police.[18][19] went through major caste violence in 2000.R. 2006. which was signed in October 2001. Surekha and Priyanka. the death sentences were later commuted to life by the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court. The Bhotmanges were stripped naked and paraded to the village square by a mob of 40 people. [21] 2006 Khairlanji massacre Maharashtra Main article: Khairlanji massacre On September 29. sentencing 6 of them to death and the other 2 to life. The incident happened in Kherlanji.[22] .According to police reports. the Adivasis/Tribals gathered under Adivasi Gothra Mahasbha (ADMS).[20] 2003 Muthanga Incident Kerala On 19th Feb 2003.[22] A local court convicted 8 people. burning seven Dalits to death. In retaliation. The four family members were beaten before being murdered.[22] Maharashtra's home minister and Indian National Congress leader RR Patil claimed that the Dalit protests were motivated by extremist elements. a Police Constable who died was also a Dalit. while the Kunbi are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India. A government report on the killings implicated top police officers. at Muthanga faced 18 rounds of police firing in which 2 fatal casualties were confirmed officially. The subsequent police and political inaction led to protests from Dalits. The Mahars are Dalit. the trouble began when an uppercaste youth was killed in an attack blamed on Dalits formerly known as untouchables. although a later investigation denied this. After allegations of a coverup. Vinod. relatives and friends of the youth set fire to several houses in a Dalit hamlet. Later. The High Court declared that the murders were motivated by revenge. were raped. not caste. The Tribals gathered in protest to the Governments delay in allotting them land. Initial reports suggested that the women of the family. a small village in Bhandara district of Maharashtra. the casualty toll had reached 5 deaths among the Tribals. autopsy doctors and the local BJP MLA Madhukar Kukade for coveringup. four members of the Bhotmange family belonging to the Mahar community were killed by a mob of 40 people belonging to the Maratha Kunbi caste.[23] However. the case was transferred to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). .[32] In December 2012. crimes against Dalits average at about 5024 a year. with 46 killings and 138 cases of rape. between the years 1999 and 2002. Several people remarked that the protests were fueled by the Kherlanji Massacre. in case of caste violence. The houses of dalits were burned hence causing them to flee the village.[29][30] 2011 killings of Dalits in Mirchpur. tiledroof and one or tworoom concrete houses of Dalits of the Adi Dravida community near Naikkankottai in Dharmapuri district of western Tamil Nadu were torched by the highercaste Vanniyar most dominant caste group.[24] During the violent protests. .[26] [27] [28] Rajasthan See also: 2008 caste violence in Rajasthan In the Indian province of Rajasthan.[31] 2012 Dharmapuri violence Main article: 2012 Dharmapuri violence In December 2012 approximately 268 dwellings – huts. damaged over 100 buses and clashed with police[25] At least four deaths and many more injuries were reported. Haryana In 2011.[33] . the desecration of an Ambedkar statue in Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) triggered violent protests by Dalits in Maharashtra. two men named Akbar Ali and Mustafa Ansari were beaten by Muslims. dalits were killed by jats in Mirchpur village in Narnaund. Sub District of Hissar. the Dalit protestors set three trains on fire.The victims have alleged that ‘systematic destruction’ of their properties and livelihood resources has taken place.2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra Main article: 2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra In November–December 2006. May 14. Traffic was closed in ECR for a day.2013 Marakkanam violence. 3 people were injured in police firing. 2015. Maharashtra. A mob indulged in setting arson to houses. clashes between Jats and Dalits in Dangawas village of Rajasthan's Nagaur district left 4 people dead and 13 injured. Tamil Nadu Main article: 2013 Marakkanam violence In April 2013. 4 buses of TNSTC and PRTC. Maharashtra In 2014. Rajasthan On Thursday. 2015 JatDalit violence in Dangawas. violence broke out between the villagers along East Coast Road near Marakkanam and those travelling to Vanniyar most dominant caste gathwwering at Mamallapuram.[35] 2016 Rohith Vemula Suicide in Central University of Hyderabad Rohith Vemula suicide on 18 January 2016 sparked protests and outrage from across India and gained widespread media attention as an alleged case of discrimination against Dalits and backward classes in India in which elite educational institutions have been purportedly seen as an enduring vestige of castebased discrimination against students belonging to "backward classes"[36] See also Communalism (South Asia) Religious violence in India Religious harmony in India References . triple dalit hatyakand in Javkheda.[34] 2014 Javkheda Hatyakand. ^ a b c d e Banerjee. ^ John Arquilla (2011). and Bandits.com/india/Dalitwomantiednakedto tree/articleshow/2353945. 245– 251. 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