Caste and Religions of Natal Immigrants

Caste and Religions of Natal Immigrants (1860- ) by K. Chetty While the traditional caste divisions of Brahmin, Ksattriya, Vaisya and Sudra (4 Varnas) is in theory the basis of the caste system, this division has no "distinct and determinate existence". Rather, the caste (jati) segmentation has developed historically around the basic division into hierarchical network of castes and sub-castes. Indian society says the Imperial Gazetteer had always been composed of "diverse and heterogeneous groups" out of which the modern caste system developed "by natural and insensible stages". New castes appeared and broke off connection with the parent stock. Castes arose from tribes that were "Hinduised" (e.g. Dom, Dosadh, Jat, Rajput, Nayar), from the sectarian type (e.g. Lingayats of south India ), from occupational/functional categories (e.g. Ahirs[herdsmen], dhobis [washermen], Goalas[milkmen)] Pods[fishermen]), through inter-tribal marriages (e.g. Shagirdpeshas of Bengal) and National types (e.g. Newars of Nepal and Marathas of Bombay), through original territorial linkages (e.g. Jaunpuris, Barendra), and the last category formed as a result of new ceremonial practices and/or occupations e.g. the Ayodhia Kurmis set themselves apart from other Kurmis and claimed Ksattriya origins. While Islam accepted no caste distinctions, Muslims in India nevertheless tended to segment themselves in caste-like groups (e.g. Saiyids, Ashrafs, Ajlafs, Jolahas and Rajputs). Many Muslims were Hindu converts e.g. Manihir, Dhobi, Gaddi and Teli are Hindu caste names, which Muslims bore. In 1901 there were 2400 castes and tribes in India. According to a study by Professor Surendra Bhana, at the lowest socio-economic level, those that emigrated to Natal were predominantly agricultural labourers, at the medium level were artisans with skills and at the highest economic level were the landowners. The list of caste names below were compiled showing religious/ occupational/functional/professional categories, indicating synonyms or alternate spelling where possible. Where the language or religion could be ascertained this is indicated as well but may not necessarily exclude other religions/language groups from carrying those caste names. The list gives most of the caste names found in the list of Indentured Indians, together with their meaning and links. The researcher/viewer must be mindful of the variant spellings e.g. Comati, Komati, Komti [traders], or Kayeth, Kaeth, Kayesth [accountant, scribe]. It should be borne in mind that the variations are due to variant spellings of the same caste and errors due to translation from verbal to the written word. CASTE - Meaning, Profession, Religion Hyperlink Achari, Achary, Archary - Sometimes the last name of a person. Caste of the craftsman -architects, goldsmiths. Also associated with Brahmin class. http://boards.ancestry.com/localities.asia.srilanka.general/568/mb.ashx Agamudaiyan" or "Ahamudaiyan" is derived from the root aham, which, in Tamil, has many meanings, it means a house or the earth, hence a householder, landowner or agriculturalist. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mukkulathor Agrahi, Agariya or Agharia were traders http://books.google.com/books?id=69W858aghUC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=%22Agrahari%22+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=dE7n3k7aiN&si g=LGqSDtOpyIDXYHrHPtS4-Ju1f38&hl=en&ei=MLswSrCDA5C5jAfL4zDBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Agrawal - Merchants, bankers, landowners, and shopkeepers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrawal Ahir or Aheer are tradtionally a caste of cowherds, milkers, and cattle breeders http://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Ahir.html Aiyerpal - Priestly class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyer Akali means deathless, Kal meaning death - Sikh in origin. http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Akali Ambalagar - Headmen of village. http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1197021/ Andi is a caste of beggars. http://books.google.com/books?id=Erin3nkU3ZUC&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%22Andi%22+%22Cast e%22&source=bl&ots=1KYWuvrgiA&sig=CBh0fvGWBZWFeuSmJiieUVTRlo&hl=en&ei=qfIHSpjwDuW6jAe86KzgBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Arak - Calcutta immigrants. Agricultural workers. Possibly derived from araka, meaning a plough with bullocks, or from arakadu, a cultivator. http://www.ashanet.org/projectsnew/documents/770/Proposal-LAV-Lalpur.doc Arakala? - a small class of cultivators, recorded as being mainly from the Kurnool district. The name is possibly derived from araka, meaning a plough with bullocks, or from arakadu, a cultivator. http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso01thuruoft/castestribesofso01thuruoft_djvu.txt Arasa Palllis - agricultural caste. http://articles.hosuronline.com/articleD.asp?pID=1068&PCat=31 Asari - Carpenters - from artisan community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palakkad_district Astrologer - possibly Kanakan or Valluvan. http://books.google.com/books?id=edzW9fuOFcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Kanakan+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=hywl8mGTJL&sig=38gPYN8mJ gp3Ur8h6mow3qEfdXY&hl=en&ei=yQU6SpX1HNK2jAek6emlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&r esnum=1 Atith - meaning cultivator. http://soks.wustl.edu/kinship.pdf Badhai, the occupational caste of carpenters. http://www.nagpuronline.com/nagpurcollectorate/people/castes.html Bagathalu - a Telugu Caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/variouscensusin00unkngoog/variouscensusin00unkngoog_djvu.txt Bagdi - Fishermen and agricultural workers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdi_(caste) Bahelia - a caste of hunters. http://books.google.com/books?id=nYLfjLj8AGkC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Bahelia+%22caste%22& source=bl&ots=Wx6DWIIlfq&sig=dA2d6Edy6ghcTxE8FInUChHZXgQ&hl=en&ei=XEIRSt-POtLFQaB6uHWAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Baid - physician. http://books.google.com/books?id=AiU50pM_z6MC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=Baid+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=wF1AfDuauR&sig=WfUaUn6AqjCfccKnNDDto68NHYE&hl=en&ei=7FQySqesOOW6j AfgyNyGCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Bais - compromising of the wealthy, warriors, entrepreneurs and Zimindars (land owners). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bais_Rajput Balai - leatherworkers. http://books.google.com/books?id=3JvmObMC4ZMC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=Balai+Caste&source =bl&ots=ZvHD0lm30Y&sig=c6VhGaqo77LqR5N8tpXUfvqZ0HY&hl=en&ei=nEoySsKUKdGNjAfnm7yaCg &sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Balija - They are an Agrarian / Merchant/ Warrior community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balija Bania or Vania are traders and merchants. The Hindi word Bania is derived from the Sanskrit vanika or trader. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bania_(caste) Banjara (also Banjari, Bangala, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Lamani, Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara, Lavani, Lemadi, Lumadale, Gormati, Kora, Sukali) are found in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and other States in India.- agriculture, trade, herdsmen http://hisgreatplan.com/india%20documents/Banjara%20...%20a%20People%20called%20by%20Go d.pdf Banmanus is derived from the Sanskrit term Ban-Manus, meaning Man of the Forest (ban) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmanou Bansphor, branches of the Dom Caste.- basket makers. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=Bansphor+%22caste%22+basket&source=bl&ots=i3p2TefSwm&si g=L4v43QgGDucJmQLv-G58yzD8dA&hl=en&ei=c1oNSrrVGtO2jAfAy6y3Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Banwari - Men of the forrest. http://www.stabroeknews.com/2008/letters/08/08/%E2%80%98banwahree%E2%80%99-is-one-ofthe-names-for-lord-krishna/ Barahai, Barai - A Caste of betel vine growers and betel leaf sellers. http://www.indianetzone.com/28/bari_caste.htm Barber - Members of the barber caste (Nai, Hajam) help with weddings eg. in cutting hair etc. A barber's wife assists the bride (Muslim, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu) http://www.indianetzone.com/30/napita_nau_barber_caste.htm Baretha - Professional caste of Washermen. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA519&lpg=PA519&dq=%22Bareth%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=kjvyq5h4mw&sig=SB7Pe8nCW_uIsdKADFqoBgCKlJQ&hl=en&ei=4EYJSoe 6GZDQjAfa_di0Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Bari - Their occupation is to stitch together large leaves by the insertion of small wooden pegs to make leaf-plates, cups etc.. Also Craftsmen/weavers. http://www.indianetzone.com/28/bari_caste.htm Bariki are the village servants. http://www.archive.org/stream/religionofkuviko00schu/religionofkuviko00schu_djvu.txt Barooye, Barai ?- A Caste of betel vine growers and betel leaf sellers. http://www.indianetzone.com/28/bari_caste.htm Batraju - Bhat, a priestly caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt Bauri - palanquin bearers and field workers. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA376&lpg=PA376&dq=Bauri+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=0Va4IkSFOY&sig=GojTCBwxCIVsdbG3QCc1ABdI2c&hl=en&ei=AgQySvaHJMqNjAeeZWKCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Behari - person from the State of Bihar?. Behna - cotton carders. http://books.google.com/books?id=QA2OKK0bdcC&pg=PA326&lpg=PA326&dq=%22Behna%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=jKH3txd7cj&sig=nv Hh9uyBa-NK4EVMHSwy0mljI2k&hl=en&ei=SzQySpCHD4QjAfZwJGJCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Beldars are labourers - masons, earthworkers, lime and brick workers - beldar "means one who carries a bel, hoe, mattock" http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=%22Beldar%22+%2 2caste%22&source=bl&ots=kjvAw3p4hC&sig=tGgXRNEWDLWp7v8OI0AXK879uWQ&hl=en&ei=FMQ wSoSmHI6SjAf5s4zcBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Benbansi - means bamboo splitters - Members of caste sell bamboo baskets, chairs, bird cages etc. http://books.google.com/books?id=54gyRnhIugkC&pg=PA383&lpg=PA383&dq=Benbansi+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=fZMDMyaBOE&sig=ngqy5MGhUg719pEG5Ul_dW_s34&hl=en&ei=v1MyStvGHdXOjAfarsH9CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum =1 Besta - A Telugu Caste - fishermen. http://books.google.com/books?id=Szt48jbyr9EC&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=Besta%22caste%22&s ource=bl&ots=psC6ArDDzO&sig=aMhGam7A81KuX3Nn7Dt9k7xeckU&hl=en&ei=qTANSteiMp2OjAe_ 8tysCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Bhaina (Forest tribe). http://www.archive.org/stream/tribescastesofce02russ/tribescastesofce02russ_djvu.txt Bhangis are traditionally restricted to being sweepers, cleaning latrines and handling dead bodies (both human and animal). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangi Bhar - Rajjhars are landowning Bhars while the lower caste are herders of swine and cattle. http://books.google.com/books?id=nYLfjLj8AGkC&pg=PA243&lpg=PA243&dq=Bhar+%22caste%22& source=bl&ots=Wx6DTMKuat&sig=sYc5iDGSzjaYeXrb9a5UxYzt2E&hl=en&ei=4lUNSq2tK9mZjAfA55HlCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&res num=1 Bhar or Bur are labourers. http://www.archive.org/stream/notesonnorthwest00raikrich/notesonnorthwest00raikrich_djvu.txt Bharthi - an order of religious medicants, priests, brahmins. http://gosavisamaj.com/histry.php Bhat, a priestly caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatt Bhata-raju - Bard or warrior. http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/8570896 Bhathi - horseriders and warriors. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Bhatia_(caste) Bhil - a tribal Caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=k4OglPLX_g8C&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=Bhil+%22Caste%22& source=bl&ots=NuZ8tTRtGo&sig=Gm8YB8abtNUle195f6Ok-z7pkk&hl=en&ei=dUgySr3_IY6SjAfGnoGeCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Bhind, bindh, or bind -bindhya meaning hills. Labourers and weavers. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA252&lpg=PA252&dq=Bind+%22caste%22 &source=bl&ots=vh0V20v4VH&sig=gpFq7BNmopfNfjQEj0onVznZamg&hl=en&ei=bzMRSvH0MISsjAf hmdCzBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Bhojwa or Bhujwa are grain parchers. http://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=RA4PA382&lpg=RA4PA382&dq=Bhojwa+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=qKY39_gd74&sig=OnxsrA2HF_D7r_LL7An0LSJoek&hl=en&ei=tUARSuazLMPm-AbgtdjWAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Bhooj. Bhuj meaning arm, hence meaning, skilled people (Gujarat.) http://www.geocities.com/lamberdar/_caste.html Bhoosa means cattle feed - maybe cattle herders? http://books.google.com/books?id=X8HvbckzEVAC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Bhoosa+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=omw2a9v_C0&sig=GI7EPNiN0xTcyu5Yr7Bm3VQwJE&hl=en&ei=03RpSvnVOtu6jAeBhKGRCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result &resnum=1 Bhooyear - agricultural labourers. http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/SHIP/Bhana_Indentured_Indians_Natal_Study_based_Ships_list.pdf Bhumihar or Babhan or Bhuin-har - Brahmins, priests as well as landowners. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumihar Bhumji - tribal caste in India. Traditionally cultivators. Hunted birds and animals in the forrest. http://www.allindiaaseca.org/aug07.PDF Bhur means the earth, hence agricultural labourers. http://www.archive.org/stream/notesonnorthwest00raikrich/notesonnorthwest00raikrich_djvu.txt Bhurji - Associated with the industries relating to gram, beaten paddy and rice. http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses4/3207089202.htm Biahut - Caste members perform ceremonies at birth, marriages and funerals. http://books.google.com/books?id=MqLfZarn3foC&pg=PA243&lpg=PA243&dq=%22Biahut%22+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=pKlpu6h4WD&sig=Ie3dAgPDEkzaXrBFrdL3I6K0vlA&hl=en&ei=1DEySuPXK sahjAegkKWWCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Blacksmiths and metal workers e.g. Lohars, Kamars, Kami. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohar Bogam - Telugu dancing girls. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=%22Bogam%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmiId44MT&sig =iw51qCV3VG8aO0O7jLBWlIE9ag&hl=en&ei=ZUMySoWFMZ26jAfWuumBCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Boistub - Vaishnava Caste - Bengal. http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/page.php?title=wise&action=previous&record=4232 Boistum - Brahmans and priests. http://books.google.com/books?id=RIcBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA255&lpg=PA255&dq=%22Boistum%22&s ource=bl&ots=VP2-Njj0Ko&sig=RX4-2p56k4w7MNdZe_R8JKarz8&hl=en&ei=LyMyStScDMvRjAfIsMiYCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Bondilis are said to derive their name from Bundelkund. They claim to be Rajputs. http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso01thuriala/castestribesofso01thuriala_djvu.txt Boya - a hill tribe -hunters or warriors and tended to cattle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyar_(caste) Boyis - servants and palanquin bearers. http://books.google.com/books?id=P4oL0uGlMS8C&pg=PA462&lpg=PA462&dq=%22Boyi%22++%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=kd0UdgRzNt&sig=YmUCfPpnQEfleyEfrF1Ao_BwWw&hl=en&ei=cQ8yStLgLJjNjAevj8WWCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Brahman - Priestly Caste capable of performing certain religious tasks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman_(caste) Brijbasi - sub-caste of Dangars - shepherds and cowherds. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Shegar Bulja - scheduled caste defined by area. http://books.google.com/books?id=HuBVrSXYqKUC&pg=PA337&lpg=PA337&dq=Bulja+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=nMPALmnNXW&sig=QAMChjIvSAU3PxqAxQnzqgcIFhg&hl=en&ei=vgsySuyBNJ27j AfItLWWCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Butcher Caste - eg. Khatik. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatik Camala, Kammalars were mostly craftsmen, goldsmith, coppersmith, masons, etc http://www.alcbroadway.org/history.htm Canaree - A Language. Probably Kannady ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadiga Carpenter - Any of Badhai, Sutar, Voddrangi , Tarkhan (Sikh) , Asari, Kammala castes. http://www.nagpuronline.com/nagpurcollectorate/people/castes.html Cavarai or Kavarai were landowners (Tamil) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Chai is a class of jugglers, thimble-riggers and adventurers. People belonging to Chai class perform at fairs and other festivals. http://www.indianetzone.com/29/chai_class_jugglers.htm Chakadu - Telugu Caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/variouscensusin00unkngoog/variouscensusin00unkngoog_djvu.txt Chakali/Chakkali/Chakkoli/Chakala - washermen - Telegu. http://www.geocities.com/husociology/sericulture6.htm Chamar -Cobblers and leather workers. http://www.indianetzone.com/29/chamar_caste_workers.htm Chambadi or Sambadi - fishing caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/reportonseafishf00dayfuoft/reportonseafishf00dayfuoft_djvu.txt Chandal - a caste of people traditionally engaged in menial jobs. http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/C_0110.htm Chasa - cultivator. http://books.google.com/books?id=QA2OKK0bdcC&pg=PA330&lpg=PA330&dq=%22Chasa%22++%22+Caste%22&source=bl&ots=jKH4lCh99i&sig= HtEcv5PKsw1TKRHVXW-54sRZYvU&hl=en&ei=JBU2Sr2mCdrFQbWnvCgDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Chattris or Khatris, Chuttri, Chutrees are a warrior or military class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattar Cheruman - hill cultivators. http://books.google.com/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=Cheruman+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=gk9dH7Tm_2&sig=LDykkEa0QL7o9oTwlEUkOFrSLFU&hl=en&ei=kvI1Su_xKYONj AeKqoD5CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Chetti oddas (traders) while Kallu Oddas are stone workers while Manu Oddas are earthworkers, Odda Balija were seafarers.. http://books.google.com/books?id=bgpEIb4tNjgC&pg=PT66&lpg=PT66&dq=Odda+%22Caste%22&s ource=bl&ots=k0G68Kj7pT&sig=DnEHTzILUafTjAMytW1tAeIqa9U&hl=en&ei=WFQeSs_RLeOwtgek5d XsAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Chettiar (also Chetty, Chetti, Setty, Chitty, and Shettigar) used for people of South Indian origin. Traders and agriculturalists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chettihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetti Chippi - Tailors. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q8HiF8NpBIEC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=chipi+%22caste%22 &source=bl&ots=JmNhheHghM&sig=eCqqdK80-EpMnHZIJe82H6MES9c&hl=en&ei=H4ASSs_GHoLUAbxjamqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Chogan or Ezhavas were traditionally employed as Farmers, Soldiers, Ayurveda Physicians, Warriors, Kalari Trainers and Traders, and were also involved in toddy tapping. http://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzfBYC&pg=PA383&lpg=PA383&dq=%22Chogan%22++%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=9i5sNfpoxh&sig= vtiGFuUL1gnJSQi0O9yZZd5FvRM&hl=en&ei=kDo2SpWCE4WwQaX8amiCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Chowan or Chowah - an agricultural clan. http://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=RA1-PA182&lpg=RA1PA182&dq=%22Chowan%22++%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=qKY630he64&sig=WqV4FQHJzhrwCsF v2TaBS07qaoo&hl=en&ei=FzI2SrDnMsKb-AaHz6yhDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Chowdary - tax collectors. Ahir are tradtionally a caste of cowherds, milkers, and cattle breeders. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamma_(caste) Christian - various denominations. Christian - Nasrani. http://pallippurathamma.org/NasraniCulture.aspx Chuckler - Leather-workers (Telegu). http://books.google.com/books?id=G9o8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA153&lpg=PA153&dq=%22Chuckler%22+ %22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=I6StUkN3Tb&sig=1Kh2uCdJJi03cNGbfZHLTH48vJw&hl=en&ei=sg46Sp vaOMm2jAey8rmaDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Churihar - makers of glass bangles. http://www.indowindow.com/sad/article.php?child=26&article=22 Chutrees, Chattris or Khatris, Chuttri are a warrior or military class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattar Cobbler - leatherworker caste - any of Chambar, Chamaar, Chamar, (Teleugu cobblers (chura); Muchi, Giniya, Nakha, Charikara). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamar Comati, Komati , Komti - A tribe of Vaisya Caste - traders. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA340&lpg=PA340&dq=Komati+Komti&source=bl&ots=aCmmHk35MU&sig=RglIjA0Dk hJboMnbhqH8yjhpu_s&hl=en&ei=stNuSqrlCJTNjAfqsq2eBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnu m=4 Coravan, Karava - carpenters, boatbuilders, fishermen, distillers of liquor, traders. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/karava.html Cotton cleaner - any of Dudekula, Dhunia castes. http://books.google.com/books?id=TEruAaDaOZ8C&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=Dudekula+%22cast e%22&source=bl&ots=dM144gouPq&sig=DC7w2rguJAlA_hI14mdbqSArZ9Y&hl=en&ei=fp4SSpi5F8jds garwYWGDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10 Cummas, Kammas or Kammavaru -(Agricultural caste) controlled large fertile areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, as a legacy of their martial past (initially warriors). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamma_(caste) Curnam, Karanam or Karana - accountants, tax collectors, court, Govt. officials. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanam Dandasi - a scheduled caste of Orissa. Dandasi Khondras are village watchmen. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=u8vvtDI9kt0C&pg=PA415&lpg=PA415&dq=dandasi+caste&sour ce=bl&ots=k9dX73_U6K&sig=xn3m8sEYaY-To_NC5ZhBcAPmfa8&hl=en&ei=wc4TStXzJcTGAau9dSvDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Darzi, Darji or Chipi caste -Tailors. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q8HiF8NpBIEC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=chipi+%22caste%22 &source=bl&ots=JmNhheHghM&sig=eCqqdK80-EpMnHZIJe82H6MES9c&hl=en&ei=H4ASSs_GHoLUAbxjamqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Dasalu - Boatmen and fishermen. http://books.google.com/books?id=mcDMGwprQ4oC&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=%22Dasa%22+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=wfiqY0AnFj&sig=LxXMa3PGET3DAGUpdouzwY6pME&hl=en&ei=6b8TSofsC8GNAaB3MGmDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Dasari, a wandering Telugu caste who are dramatists and perform folk plays. http://books.google.com/books?id=X5H6n5iKGaYC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=Dasary+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=tZcgV-t0M9&sig=6Wm79p76cZ6S9sw1Dop0-KrlSlw&hl=en&ei=MbwTSvLIJ4PM-Aatv3ZCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Deva, Dewar caste (also known as ‘Kaibarta’) specifically refers to the fishing communities. http://insightjnu.blogspot.com/2005/09/dewar-caste-and-its-identity.html Devanga or Devangi - They are one of the weaving castes in India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanga Dhanook - Mainly agriculture, word formed from Dhanuska meaning archer. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA484&lpg=PA484&dq=Dhanuk+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=kjvyx3m2jC&sig=IDRiSxadY1WHU3xK1nKVnVJKxag&hl=en&ei=yLkTSv3sH4XNQaC1cCqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Dharhi or Dari - a caste of singers and dancers. http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/regmi_02.doc Dharkars are workers in reed and cane. They manufacture cane stools,chairs, palm leaf fans, matting for floors and the like. http://www.indianetzone.com/31/dharkar_low_caste.htm Dhed - a caste assigned to do menial work e.g. sweeping, fetching water etc. http://books.google.com/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=Dhed+caste&source= bl&ots=gk9aP4Pn_2&sig=4u-ls2l6-2R_uTVK9__3VenT3Bo&hl=en&ei=ZtwTSo-dKMOxQa8lsCmDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Dhimar, the caste of fishermen and palanquin bearers - derives the names from a corruption of the Sanskrt Dhivara, a fisherman. http://www.nagpuronline.com/nagpurcollectorate/people/castes.html Dhoby or Dhobi caste are Washermen. http://www.indianetzone.com/31/dhobi_washerman_caste.htm Dhoonia - (among Muslims) - those that make pillow cases and matresses. Dhunnia means to card cotton. http://www.hvk.org/articles/0704/178.html Dhora - gatherers, hunters and agriculture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_castes Dhubra - labourers. http://books.google.com/books?id=vDV7Y1cnQawC&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=Dubra+%22caste% 22&source=bl&ots=DIjPJFdEGC&sig=Lq-22-ruIzk6OKTnCaP-YiVEmBg&hl=en&ei=B90TSs__NMiDAaqzoywDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Dhuliya? Dramatists, performers and dancers, drummers. http://books.google.com/books?id=Bj3ttlbzxg0C&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=%22Dhuliya%22+%22Cas te%22&source=bl&ots=PccaYFcXFR&sig=Z8igkiaM4-R1pEGoN1567XTqupg&hl=en&ei=WD46SvQEpKNjAfSnPWqDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Dom - Widespread and versatile caste of musicians, traders, and, sometimes, weavers. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/168403/Dom Dommara (Andra Pradesh) - derivation from Dom people - .workers at cremation places or weavers of ropes and baskets. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba Dosadh - Village watchmen, messengers. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA324&lpg=PA324&dq=Dosadh+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p4Va7Xwf&sig=tXw7 uZYdhsas404Yuonw1zMmYis&hl=en&ei=oDIuStO5MousjAeqtcyRCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=resul t&resnum=5 Dosar - The caste members are mainly shopkeepers, and they deal in gold and silver ornaments, as well as grain, tobacco and all kinds of groceries. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=Dosar+%22caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=kjvyx4m0hz&sig=RFf6OEB0rzXqsvuRXSUub0pNRro&hl=en&ei=VeATSrvlD5icgb3v_XZCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Dudekula, Doodakula - weaver caste and cotton cleaners. (Tamil and Telugu sometimes Muslim). http://books.google.com/books?id=TEruAaDaOZ8C&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=Dudekula+%22cast e%22&source=bl&ots=dM144gouPq&sig=DC7w2rguJAlA_hI14mdbqSArZ9Y&hl=en&ei=fp4SSpi5F8jds garwYWGDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10 Edaya - Cowherds and shepherds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadav Edigas or Idigas are people living mainly in Karnataka.Edigas are involved in soma and Ayurvedic medicine in ancient days and later as toddy-tappers of palm trees to make liquor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiga Ediya, Idiyan, Idayan - to mean shepherds and cattle breaders. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadav Egali or Ekali - Washermen. http://books.google.com/books?id=EtwtSZwyWpgC&pg=PA457&lpg=PA457&dq=%22Ekali%22++cas te&source=bl&ots=YfVw7U12v_&sig=tVazM-ArFy0cfdmU0saBqHr_oBE&hl=en&ei=juwTSu_BF43NQah3MmtDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Elama or Velama is one of the older feudal castes or social groups in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Mostly farmers, though initially warriors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velama Eluvans, Elavanians (betel-growers). http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso05thuriala/castestribesofso05thuriala_djvu.txt Enadi - means archer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villavar Erikala - tribe in Andra Pradesh - bamboo workers and basket makers. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15112293/The-right-to-say-no Erula or Irula tribe of India.Irulas as a tribe are traditional snake and rat catchers. http://tribes-ofindia.blogspot.com/2008/10/irula-tribes-of-india.html Ezhavas were traditionally employed as Farmers, Ayurveda Physicians, Warriors, and Traders, and were also involved in toddy tapping http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhava Fakir - muslim religious medicant. Fishermen - pods, pattinavar, bagdi, Dhivara, Kariayar, Paravans, Sembadava etc. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=QA2OKK0bdcC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=fishermen+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=jKH1tzbb9n&sig=HHVkwe fY66HkSONgVNnbDdF1Eu8&hl=en&ei=kfcTSpetEMPMAaanJy1Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Gadaba - A tribe of agriculturalists, labourers and hunters.(Andhra Pradesh). Gadaba means a person who carries a load on his shoulders. http://www.orissadiary.com/orissa_profile/tribal/Gadaba.asp Gadariya - Shepherd class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhangar Gadia meaning bullock or cartmen - a trading class. http://books.google.com/books?id=LPsvytmN3mUC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Gadia+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=fPxbpdSfgC&sig=0yykbQmS_Us30PFgl7blBgQtUkc&hl=en&ei=Wh8VSq-4DoWvQaU4YDqDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Gamalla, Goundla, Gouda, Goud, - toddy tappers and Ayurvedic medicine . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud Gandla or Ganiga is a caste of oil producers & merchants . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganiga Ganjoo - a Brahmin or priestly caste. http://www.jeevansathi.com/profile/matrimonial0626041a5.htm Gararee - Shepherd class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhangar Gardener - could be Mali or Kacchi caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_caste Gaur - Cattle-herders. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA532&lpg=PA532&dq=Gour+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=kjvyxcn0nD&sig=OicQVAJk-GZ7D0fR1YZfpLy8UcY&hl=en&ei=oRwVSv6qMIKbAb0jdzpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Gauras or Gavara or Kavara were businessmen although traditionally agriculturalists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavara Gaurs also called Goriya - cattle - herders. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Yadav Gavandla or Gamalla -Toddy-tappers, extracting sap from palm trees, fermenting it and selling it as liquor. http://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=Gavandla+%22Cast e%22&source=bl&ots=Y8VL9elk8G&sig=SRUyD7ttB6viZoiOVFaKifPjs8A&hl=en&ei=ITYVSoKVAoSOAaTkMXpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Gazulu means bangle sellers. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=%22Gazulu%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=kjvyy4iXoC&sig=lVLp55DwnVOzamubdTOeT50lbFA&hl=en&ei=TlUVSrCJ DYac-gbep5DqDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Gentoo - From the Portuguese word for heathens, refering thus to all Hindus. http://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Gentoo+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=UXIm4VgdkN&sig=KtkSaBc9rIuqXgwHEtNO5TbD8rM&hl=en&ei=UGg_StnbGpPAQbptPDJDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Ghansi - Grass-cutters. http://www.hinduheritage.org.au/pdf/Our%20Great%20Sages.pdf Gharti - shepherds. http://books.google.com/books?id=aSaX09InyIoC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=Gharti+Caste&source =bl&ots=IkeD5BeZw3&sig=Q02fpWxbNvqCFxxATdBKxDmflC0&hl=en&ei=GF8_Stf1N4nEQbf9JCwDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Gharukh - Sub-caste of the Kahars (Boatmen). http://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=RA6-PA435&lpg=RA6PA435&dq=%22Gharuk%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=qKY3cXeb2a&sig=ON0Si88aqqOQ3H5pz 19RmETEDmQ&hl=en&ei=oVYVSqzPFsS4-QbkruTpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Ghase - Sub-caste of the Mali - they grow and prepare tumeric. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Wardha/population_caste.html Ghatwal or Ghatwars - Landowners - of Bhuiya Caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=bvGOHXlxUHUC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=%22Ghatwar%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=wxGb2zKmYp&sig=oQt7M4jTP8fjXJFSpsQqViFSgvI&hl=en&ei=lVcVSvPyJt ab-gbL_pW1DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Goldsmith - Achary, Achari? Dosar? or similar caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=H6rOX1nXCJcC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=Dosar+%22caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=kjvyx4m0hz&sig=RFf6OEB0rzXqsvuRXSUub0pNRro&hl=en&ei=VeATSrvlD5icgb3v_XZCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Golla, Gowala or Gowla primarily herd sheep and cattle and subsist by selling milk; some Golla communities practice agriculture. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Golla+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmgImY4SV&sig=YGy6 dZo6ApFXvHs0Dj-qpDMNIbA&hl=en&ei=c_8USqzMEsSOAbmgtDpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Gond - The name Gond is extracted from the Telugu word 'Konda' which means hill. Agriculture, collecting minor forest produce, fishing, hunting,are the main activities of Gonds. http://www.southasianmedia.net/profile/india/india_ethnology.cfm Gondla (elephant grass), also known as Bhotia tribe, akin to Teli (oil-pressers) in Telugu community. http://www.southasianmedia.net/profile/india/india_ethnology.cfm Gooroony - hunters. http://books.google.com/books?id=OgUbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=Gooroony&source =bl&ots=Eu6NXx5BFh&sig=RvgFBIctLe6a5oGt0Ch0VS2nQ9Q&hl=en&ei=G2Q_Sri_GYvAQbztaW9DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Gorait - scheduled tribe of Bihar and Jharkhand State. http://www.jharkhandi.org/gorait_tribe.htm Gore or Goria - potter caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Goria+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p3S9aRFk&sig=ZJjcppW8hn5YOUDSY_2C5m26y8&hl=en&ei=Lz8aSsP0CsPNAaQpKHMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Gosai - Soothsayers or fortune tellers. http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/11/stories/2008031151970300.htm Gosain - Religious Caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosain Goud, Gamalla, Goundla, Gouda - toddy tappers and Ayurvedic medicine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goud Gounder is the name of the head in a system of decentralised panchayat (Village Council) administration. http://www.lingoz.com/it/dictionary/Gounder%20(caste) Gowala, Golla or Gowla are tradtionally a caste of cowherds, milkers, and cattle breeders. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Golla+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmgImY4SV&sig=YGy6 dZo6ApFXvHs0Dj-qpDMNIbA&hl=en&ei=c_8USqzMEsSOAbmgtDpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Gowra - Telegu Subcaste. http://www.du.ac.in/OBC-CENTER-LIST.pdf Gramani - usually a proprietor of a village or landlord. A gramani was originally the leader of a train of vehicles and warriors to receive the mayor. http://books.google.com/books?id=V73N8js5ZgAC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=%22Gramani%22+%22 Caste%22+india&source=bl&ots=nGcSKSUXbW&sig=CJNtshYsfw82TV0_qvaGFxpdrHU&hl=en&ei=8l0 VSpriE4Kv-Qbt_73pDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Gujars are milkmen, Gajar is Arabic. http://www.punjabi.net/talk/messages/3/52461.html?1152737318 Gujerati - language. Hajam - Barbers. http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/reader-list/2009-April/019175.html Halwai - They are a caste of confectioners and sweet-makers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwai Hazam - Barbers. http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/reader-list/2009-April/019175.html Herdsmen - Golla?, Gowla?, Ahirs - primarily herd sheep and cattle and subsist by selling milk; some Golla communities practice agriculture. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Golla+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmgImY4SV&sig=YGy6 dZo6ApFXvHs0Dj-qpDMNIbA&hl=en&ei=c_8USqzMEsSOAbmgtDpDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Hindu - Belonging to Hindu religion, sometimes called Gentoo. http://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Gentoo+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=UXIm4VgdkN&sig=KtkSaBc9rIuqXgwHEtNO5TbD8rM&hl=en&ei=UGg_StnbGpPAQbptPDJDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Hunters - e.g Boya, Bahelia, Gooroony, Sikari caste. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/YAVATMAL/people_castes.html Idayan, Idiyan or Ediya - Cowherds and shepherds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadav Irula or Erula - Their main occupations are snake and rat catching. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irulas Jalia - Boatmen. http://books.google.com/books?id=omAPFtaweqIC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=Jalia+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=cPw1d66BgG&sig=g5x8a_d5s8LBHCuFBLTgQb9SnUY&hl=en&ei=QXYaSvDRIZG1QbZkoXMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Jami - subcaste of Gola - Golla or Gowla primarily herd sheep and cattle and subsist by selling milk; some Golla communities practice agriculture. http://tripatlas.com/Gounder_(caste) Janappan - Gunny-bag weavers.Gunny-bag is the popular trading name for the coarse sacking and sacks made from jute fibre. http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso02thuruoft/castestribesofso02thuruoft_djvu.txt Jandra - Weavers. http://books.google.com/books?id=IMBh3Anb98C&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Jandra+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=YuuqpGZAjZ&sig=4u WSQG-UqVQ9Qo8Ul_itEzJrRbU&hl=en&ei=kHAaSonpKYPUAadu9TmDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Jangama, Jangalau - Wondering monks and beggars- nomads and story tellers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangama Jaswar - A subcaste of Kurmi - an agricultural caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmi Jat - A peasant caste - also landowners. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/301575/Jat/301575rellinks/Related-Links Jathapu - agriculturalists. http://www.diversefoodsystems.org/lfs_docs/lfs_Prajateerpu_Part1AR.pdf Jogi - They wander about the country beating a drum and begging, practising surgery in a small way, writing charms, telling fortunes, and practising exorcism and divination. http://www.religiousworlds.com/mandalam/jogi.htm Jolaha - Weavers. http://books.google.com/books?id=IMBh3Anb98C&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Jandra+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=YuuqpGZAjZ&sig=4u WSQG-UqVQ9Qo8Ul_itEzJrRbU&hl=en&ei=kHAaSonpKYPUAadu9TmDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Joria - weavers. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22Joria%22+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p5WdcSEi&sig=3n MrvJIHmEeDSUbkOG3qYufcyn8&hl=en&ei=l4I_SvDTA4buAb_2r2tBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Kabaria - green-grocer (Muslim). http://74.125.77.132/search?q=cache:i4JkfMDvrgJ:ccms.ukzn.ac.za/docs/Taleb.pdf+Kabaria+%22Caste%22&cd=28&hl=en&ct=clnk Kacchi are market gardeners. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unao,_Balaji Kahar- Personal servants and labourers e.g. water bearers, palanquin bearers. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=kahar+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p2X8bUFi&sig=BbAGZE 5XU1I0RS9-TSkpNdENe0E&hl=en&ei=EHwSSvGdNoXQAa_4LysDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11 Kaikala, Kaikola - Weaver Caste - also associated with temples. http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/3422/7/MAU-1983-033-6.pdf Kairi (Bengal ) for Koeri - Koeri-Peasantry and agrarian caste. http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/page.php?title=&action=next&record=566 Kalars or Kalwars are members of the subcaste of "distillers of alcohol" within the Indian caste system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalwar Kalilnga - a tribe of warriors. http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090401200118AAwPbUG Kalingi is a caste of temple priests and cultivators, found mainly in Srikakulam. The Kalingis are essentially Telugus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalingi Kalla or Kalian.or Kallan means dark skinned people or 'one who collects information secretly and thus were advanced guards or spies. http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/5877/3/MKU-1978-001-2.pdf Kalwars are members of the subcaste of "distillers of alcohol" within the Indian caste system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalwar Kambalam (kambili =blanket) applies to 9 castes when at a council meeting a blanket is spread on the floor. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=u8vvtDI9kt0C&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22Kambalam%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=k9dY243U3F&sig=5uc7SPRdgE_t3vqE8X0Ld50Gno8&hl=en&ei=VqobSo6 UF8fN-QbJpJjXAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Kamhar, Kohar or Kumhars - Traditional pottery makers. http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses5/3027119204.htmhttp://www.parliamentofindi a.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses5/3027119204.htm Kamkar - Water-bearers. http://drishtikona.com/archives/government_policyadministration/001690.php Kammala or Kammalan - Artisans - carpenters, goldsmiths, blacksmiths. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ls8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA320&lpg=PA320&dq=Kammalan+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=wdJXxxGEfC&si g=tMcXFTpP96XcKZu_e7mFs_sEPLo&hl=en&ei=0KUbSpSDIYK2Aa4qITXAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Kammalars were mostly craftsmen, goldsmith, coppersmith, masons. http://www.alcbroadway.org/history.htm Kammari or Kamsali -Carpenters. http://www.aptribes.gov.in/html/ltr/50_2004.pdf Kammas or Kammavaru -(Agricultural caste) controlled large fertile areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, as a legacy of their martial past, initially warriors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamma_(caste) Kanadia - a Tamil Caste. Kanakan - astrologers and umbrella makers. Derived from the Portuguese Canaqua. http://books.google.com/books?id=edzW9fuOFcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Kanakan+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=hywl8mGTJL&sig=38gPYN8mJ gp3Ur8h6mow3qEfdXY&hl=en&ei=yQU6SpX1HNK2jAek6emlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&r esnum=1 Kandi - Kapu surname. http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Kandu - agriculture - grain-parchers. http://books.google.com/books?id=G9o8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Kandu+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=I6SqTrL0Xe&sig=7KbqEUtRu5rWcaFCbyEKXGUvvE&hl=en&ei=PcsLSrLbNdPMjAekmsCzBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum= 1 Kanjar - a wandering tribe- nomads and gypsies. http://books.google.com/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=RA6-PA475&lpg=RA6PA475&dq=Kunjara+Caste&source=bl&ots=qKY6cZj89a&sig=cD4BFoWLoiGlDA_j9Emh9inV4s4&hl=e n&ei=I35DStm_LNLS-Qbw98ks&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Kannady- Probably refers to a person from Kannada. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadiga Kanoo - traders. http://madhesi.wordpress.com/2006/10/20/the-plains-people-the-tarai-peopleare-not-one-faceless-group/ Kapu or Kaapu in Telugu means protector. Kapus speak Telugu and are primarily an Agrarian community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_Caste Karan - writer caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=WhpjsPghUfYC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=%22Karan%22+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=wGFPrCsUy&sig=oE2CJi1VcSfI0R3oTK34fHwXm6A&hl=en&ei=w88nSsX5KcOOAaniIHLDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Karanam or Karana - accountants, tax collectors, court, Govt. officials. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanam Karara - a tribe of Brahmins. http://books.google.com/books?id=a1YOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP30&lpg=PP30&dq=%22Karara%22+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=B0V8oVUcwq&sig=sef66YwPA17D2dS-yR-hnvs1mMY&hl=en&ei=fyFDSpzNIyy-Aa0rqAf&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Karava - carpenters, boatbuilders, fishermen, distillers of liquor, traders. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/karava.html Karumba - hunters and pastoral people. http://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=Karumba+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=UXIm7Q8fmK&sig=H_thVpKckdrq5ophaGN77N786g&hl=en&ei=eRpDSr_cD4jY-QbR5rQk&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Kasarwani - traders in brass and bell-metals. http://books.google.com/books?id=zl2mSCfgyu4C&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=Kasarwani&source= bl&ots=AvXmZMii_Q&sig=ShAdOFuIbMq_hU_W-8X7LesgjZA&hl=en&ei=Fy9DSt34J5LbQbul_Qb&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Kasera - manufacturers and dealers in brass utensils. http://www.nisiet-cluster.org/pdf/pareo.pdf Kathi - land-owning caste - Rajput - Initially a warrior clan but largely farmers and landowners. http://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&pg=PA318&lpg=PA318&dq=%22Kathi%22+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=CtF615vIAn&sig=4pyLY9TBXX0QSf7utCQbd2uEMYw&hl=en&ei=PjhDSoD GHo_E-QbW1ZQn&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Kavandan or Gounder ' is the name of the head in a system of decentralised panchayat (Village Council) administration. Goundan is the derivation. http://www.lingoz.com/it/dictionary/Gounder%20(caste) Kavara or Gauras or Gavara were businessmen originally, although traditionally agriculturalists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavara Kavarais were originally devoted entirely to agriculture, trading and sailing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Kawar - forest tribe and culitvators. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA411&lpg=PA411&dq=%22Kawar%22+% 22caste%22&source=bl&ots=0Va5KdTDS2&sig=8tUmJDedYlcb2HX6N34crF3Yjc&hl=en&ei=YEVDSsX4DcyD-QbLlaEK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Kayeth or Kayesth, Kaeth - the caste of scribes and accountants. http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_kim_notes6.htm Kewat, Khewat, Keot - a caste of fishermen, boatmen and cultivators. http://books.google.com/books?id=yhV2DkrdNFkC&pg=PA422&lpg=PA422&dq=kewats+%22caste% 22&source=bl&ots=La5OxuP3Qz&sig=ZNTIJQyUU2aiVan2XMzHGE8MxRs&hl=en&ei=Ld8CSrvsGaPUj Afi24nrBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Khangar - village watchmen and labourers. http://www.archive.org/stream/tribescastesofce03russ/tribescastesofce03russ_djvu.txt Kharwar - derived from the word khair "grass' used for various purposes eg. Mats etc. http://jharkhandi.com/kharwar.aspx Khatik - a caste of butchers, subdivision of Dhangars. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatik Khatri , sub-caste of Kshatriya caste - traders and scribes. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/316519/Khatri Kisan - meaning 'son of the soil' - cultivators. http://books.google.com/books?id=HbAjKR_iHogC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=%22Kisan%22+%22C aste%22&source=bl&ots=UXIm5Tg9lH&sig=NwQ6_77rxhHPRXC4tdu4DC6b9Hw&hl=en&ei=RJ9ASoH TH4nu-AaAgKHECA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Koeri- Peasant and agrarian caste. Also Weavers. http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/page.php?title=&action=next&record=566 Kohar, Kamhar or Kumhars - Traditional pottery makers. http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses5/3027119204.htm Kol - a tribal people employed in cutting down jungle from year to year, and in conveying the wood for sale. http://www.indianetzone.com/34/kol_indian_ethnic_group.htm Koli - are a forest tribe. Also engaged in agriculture. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PR18&lpg=PR18&dq=Kol+forest+tribe&so urce=bl&ots=0Va5EcRFQ_&sig=iRqNoa_TkSXJia29oa1o8y0rkT0&hl=en&ei=cO85StKjDHRjAfp6_CZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Komati , Komti, Comati - A tribe of Vaisya Caste - traders. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA340&lpg=PA340&dq=Komati+Komti&source=bl&ots=aCmmHk35MU&sig=RglIjA0Dk hJboMnbhqH8yjhpu_s&hl=en&ei=stNuSqrlCJTNjAfqsq2eBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnu m=4 Konar - Shepherds and cattle breeders (Tamil) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konar Kone - mat-makers http://articles.hosuronline.com/articleD.asp?pID=1069&PCat=31 Konga - from Konga country - districts of Coimbatore and Salem. http://members.rediff.com/dockan/originofsurnamepillay.htm Kora - tribal caste. http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T%20&%20T/T%20&%20T-02-0-000000-2004-Web/T%20&%20T-02-2-077-135-2004-Abst-PDF/T%20&%20T-02-2-081-087-2004-027Paul-K-Mitra/T%20&%20T-02-2-081-087-2004-Paul-K-Mitra.pdf Korathy - tattooer. http://www.archive.org/stream/lifeinindianvill00ramarich/lifeinindianvill00ramarich_djvu.txt Korava, Koravan, Koravar - Hunters, hawkers/nomads/gypsies, weavers/basket-makers and palmreading. http://books.google.com/books?id=u8vvtDI9kt0C&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=Korava+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=k9dX1a4_K&sig=u4Satb4gEPHbRfTKHDT7ExMsXbY&hl=en&ei=8tELSob0PNfOjAfOxL3GBg&sa=X&oi=book_resu lt&ct=result&resnum=4 Kori - weavers and labourers. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PR18&lpg=PR18&dq=Kol+forest+tribe&so urce=bl&ots=0Va5EcRFQ_&sig=iRqNoa_TkSXJia29oa1o8y0rkT0&hl=en&ei=cO85StKjDHRjAfp6_CZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Korunir? - sheep herder? .Kuru meaning sheep http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruba Kosava, Kusava? - potters in Tamil http://groups.yahoo.com/group/INDOLOGY/message/2466 Kosta, Kostha, - a caste of weavers maybe something to deal with kosa silk? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewangan Koyburto - no details available. http://books.google.com/books?id=0PFJX1GdNZkC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=%22Koyburto%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=e54Duvboh&sig=5GnMSguxnA5ryCFdn7kfeleYlUA&hl=en&ei=PuU5SrbIC5m8jAeKiP31DQ&sa=X&oi= book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Kshatriya - constitutes the military and ruling order of the traditional Vedic-Hindu social system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriya Kudumban - of the Pallar Caste, a caste of agricultural labourers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallar Kulu - Drum-makers. http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/CHAPTERIV.htm Kumar, Kumhar, Kamhar -Traditional pottery makers. http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses5/3027119204.htm Kunbi or Kunabi word is equivalent to Farmer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunbi Kundu -people are associated with agriculture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundu Kurmi, Kurmis or Kurmee are primarily agriculturalists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmi Kuruba has a direct meaning of one who heards "Kuri" (Sheep) in Kannada, mainly a Shepherd but the caste name may diifer by region with different names e.g. Kurumbar, Gorava, Dhangar, Ahirs, or Pal. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Shepherd+caste&fulltext=Sea rch Kurunegala people - kurune meaning elephants tusk. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurunegala Kurupa - barber or warrior. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurup Kutwar or Kotwal - village watchmen. http://books.google.com/books?id=ZzbkTbqgGEoC&pg=PA270&lpg=PA270&dq=%22Kutwar%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=hLMHtaK3P5&sig=KKCPp5HTcZUg7Px32TCKEMus_r8&hl=en&ei=GWpDS uisOobl-QbOpdUr&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Labbai, Labbay, Labbai, Labba, is a distinctive Islamic community from Southern India. A Trading Community spread through the southern states of Tamil Nadu. http://www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Labbai.html Lakhera - a caste that makes bangles and other articles of lac. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22Lakhera%22+%22c aste%22&source=bl&ots=0Va6BbTzR_&sig=GjkQsriqpmdZ2v5Bd2FtQRXy6DI&hl=en&ei=QnxESub5G Ybu-AaizPwW&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Lala, Kaysth, Kaith - the caste of writers and accountants. http://books.google.com/books?id=yhV2DkrdNFkC&pg=PA404&lpg=PA404&dq=%22Lala%22+%22ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=La5TquObOw&sig=PADHsTZD6PjWBjU56iO46rkcUxo&hl=en&ei=LntESpyVM c-Q-AaX94zaBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Lalbegi - Muslim Caste similar to Bhangi Caste. Bhangis are traditionally restricted to being sweepers, cleaning latrines and handling dead bodies (both human and animal) http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/h_es/h_es_karan_caste.htm Lama - a Tibertan teacher. http://sawaal.ibibo.com/general-knowledge/lamas-caste-gurkhas523428.html Limbu - means or translates as an archer or 'the bearer of bows and arrows'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_people Lingayat - a hindu relgious sect of Shiva worshippers.The adherents of this faith are known as Lingayats. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingayat Loadh - farmer. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090128/jsp/nation/story_10449510.jsp Lodh or Lodha are one of the Scheduled Tribes of India. Largely agriculturalists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodha Lohar, Lahar - The members of this group are traditionally blacksmiths who work with iron (Loha) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohar Lonia or Nunia, or Loniya, Nonia are from the Uppara caste (Salt and Lime preparers/workers) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppaara Maaran - Before the days of Sankaracharya their sole occupation was beating the drums in Brahminical Temples. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaran Madary - Charmers, faith healers? http://74.125.77.132/search?q=cache:kEW4NcuWkgEJ:www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/SEM/EM-01-1-000-000-2007-Web/EM-01-1-000-000-2007-Abst-PDF/EM-01-1-001-020-2007-001Bhasin-V/EM-01-1-001-020-001-Bhasin-V-Tt.pdf+Madary+charmer&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk Madiga - Leather working is one of the professions of Madigas and agricultural labourers in some regions of Andhra Pradesh. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiga Madrasi - Person from Madras. Madrasu - The caste name MUTHARASU (Village watchmen and stone-workers) got modified to city name Madrasu. http://www.geocities.com/MUDIRAJA/mudiraju_kings.html Mahajans - Money-lenders. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=L50DmNRdmB0C&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=%22Mahajam%2 2+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=xdIYPy0yi0&sig=uCXG1l8s8nyhh24SLomIrAI4Fao&hl=en&ei=L_0cSs DxE9TG-QaUsKDnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Mahars, Mohara, Mahara, Mehra - - untouchables - low caste - live mainly in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. - farmers. http://www.gfa.org/send/extras/whoare-the-maharas Mahur - Barber Caste. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=UQUtQzPtC6wC&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=Mahur+Caste&so urce=bl&ots=LjPXa05CT6&sig=ooqWmhkPDyrmHUIzv7Qjv8T_y6Q&hl=en&ei=CRsdSv-INcTMAbcnrDnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Malabar is a generic term referring to South Indians emigrants recruited from the Malabar coast. Malas or Malla , a social group largely from Andhra Pradesh, were mostly agricultural workers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala_(caste) Malayali - group of people, who speak Malayalam, originating from the Indian state of Kerala. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayali Mali - Gardeners and flower sellers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_caste Malkana Rajputs? - warriors? http://books.google.co.za/books?id=iroI_C8GTFsC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=Malkana+Caste&sourc e=bl&ots=vXhtJVSU9x&sig=yBvup8yQ5SAU4V8XnoJgKkuu3qY&hl=en&ei=0R0dStbhApOD-AazennBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Mallah - Boatmen and fishermen. http://74.125.77.132/search?q=cache:EZoo5X7oy5AJ:www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/Caste_O ccupation_and_Politics_on_the_Ganges_Intro.pdf+Mallah+%22Caste%22&cd=17&hl=en&ct=clnk Mangala - Barbers. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA464&lpg=PA464&dq=%22Mangala%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmhEe4JO&sig=m20uTtv9yvcqEIM9_X2BF5LkvZY&hl=en&ei=CvocSqDZGcTLAag6annBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Manihar - caste of pedlars and hawkers. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=%22Manihar%22+% 22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=vh0ZYZy8YI&sig=fFWiOuyvuy2292isaC3R2OWWzw&hl=en&ei=5qxESpGiK5TX-QaCt5Qc&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Maniyagar - headman at village. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=pkU4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=%22Maniyagar%22 +%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=ib3Zx0JUPu&sig=Jd_uzB2Nhx6r0OzO2Ih8ThJt_c&hl=en&ei=VgAdSuTHLNnT-QbusnDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Manjhi means 'Ferryman' . They earn their livelihood from agriculture. http://www.india9.com/i9show/Manjhi-Tribe-49260.htm Mannan - barber. http://books.google.com/books?id=u8vvtDI9kt0C&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=%22Mannan%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=k9d--3002K&sig=_1x__RlvOrFFoElOY4abcgNw_Y&hl=en&ei=ia1EStfVI4HJ-Qbe5u0X&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Manthadi - a Tamil Caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/variouscensusin00unkngoog/variouscensusin00unkngoog_djvu.txt Mapalay, Moplahs were largely Arab Traders living in Tamil States. From the word "Mappila in Tamil which refers to son-in-law". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mappilas Mara, Maravar, in Tamil, means a warrior. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara Marata (Sudra?) -Maratha - People who speak Marathi Language - warriors and peasants. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha Maratha - People who speak Marathi Language - warriors and peasants. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha Mathiga - Cleaners ans scavengers who work with skin and leather as well. http://arunthathiyertamilnadu.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html Maula - In Arabic - maula means Master and slave both. Mawatee is a language. http://profile.urdumatrimony.com/profiledetail/viewprofile.php?id=U537978 Medara, medari, Medar, Meda, Telugu caste of bamboo-workers and mat-makers of South India. http://mahendramedara.com/content/view/12/46/ Meena or Mina is derived from the word 'meen' meaning fish claiming descent from the Matsya Avatar, or fish incarnation, of Vishnu. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meenas Mehter or mehtar a sweeper . http://www.kipling.org.uk/rg_lalbeg1.htm Mochi - a caste of cobblers and leather workers. http://hindu-society.blogspot.com/2008/02/aajanachle-caste-controvrsy.html Momin - a Muslim subgroup. Moopan in Tamil means elder or leader. http://books.google.com/books?id=73msCkfD5V8C&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=Muppan+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=jyToWhtfS4&sig=KT29nPxPxNj9IhPJp-e-YmjKFSk&hl=en&ei=o-4bSvDQBMW9AaI65zLDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Mosahar, Moosohur - Rodent and mice catchers. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=Musahar+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p6Q76Tyk&sig=yBV jxZxt2bUsawkMrrl07yW-IHM&hl=en&ei=cZtESoDSBM7xQbcpfAn&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Mothi - sub-caste of Pasi. Pasi -Toddy-drawer caste lives by tapping palm for its juice to make liquor. Pasi (noose or belt) by means of which palm is climbed. http://www.goudindia.com/Goud-Toddydrawers.php Moyra, the confectioner caste - sweetmeats etc. http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/M_0339.htm Mudaliar, Mudely, Mudaly, means a person of first rank in a feudal society. http://www.saivavellalar.com/index.php?pgid=10 Mukkulathor? - comprise of three roughly designated groups, Kallar, Maravar and Agamudaiyar, which make up the community. Many of the members are still agriculturalists, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thevar Mullah - Priestly Caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=EN3_3iJuxLgC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=Mullah+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=Yue41M57G_&sig=SwhPK67wQ9WyPasTsqrhhpD2Af8&hl=en&ei=ghYdSpCdDIKxQbQ3cjDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Mungur - tribe of Nepal. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=KoNT6tjk9mQC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=Mungur+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=oRPTEXFVcu&sig=L1jEWX58FdkOJfQWg78Igw7xF8I&hl=en&ei=kyIdSpfDK8zNQa0p-TDCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Murai, Murao , from muli or radish.Subcaste of Kacchi - vegetable growers. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA392&lpg=PA392&dq=Murai++%22Cast e%22&source=bl&ots=0Va2DkSyWY&sig=BNTRkEjyh90fs80TihMyJ1hWprI&hl=en&ei=otwLSqCCE9irj AfaxsieBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Muslim or Musalman, Mahomedan - belonging to the Islamic faith - followers of Islam. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA262&lpg=PA262&dq=%22nao%22+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=vh0ZYZC5SE&sig=H9eGIUj4uTK7ITwzC9j0aAE1hSA&hl=en&ei=GrtEStSJHsPZQaI04UT&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Musti - Subcaste of Goala (sheep and cattle-herders). http://tripatlas.com/Gounder_(caste) Muthrasi, Mutrasi, Mutracha - Village watchmen and stone-workers. http://books.google.com/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA392&lpg=PA392&dq=Muthrasi+%22Cas te%22&source=bl&ots=0Va3EfTGP4&sig=a2ju_3X3Djr2x5SNDPIxK4jwTkY&hl=en&ei=TgbSonnPMHO-Aa3n5TXAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Nadar - Warrior Caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_(caste) Nagara - Telegu Caste, Nagara means a drum. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=UQUtQzPtC6wC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22Nagara%22+ %22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=LjPXa0dySZ&sig=vPbM_NNFUdBeKoXa6IEYvBybr4M&hl=en&ei=pjgdS qjxHIHL-AaAw6jnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Nagavumsa - Telegu Caste Nagara means a drum. - a subdivision of the Palli (Agriculturalists) Caste. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=UQUtQzPtC6wC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22Nagara%22+ %22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=LjPXa0dySZ&sig=vPbM_NNFUdBeKoXa6IEYvBybr4M&hl=en&ei=pjgdS qjxHIHL-AaAw6jnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Nai, Nao, Napit - Barber caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA262&lpg=PA262&dq=%22nao%22+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=vh0ZYZC5SE&sig=H9eGIUj4uTK7ITwzC9j0aAE1hSA&hl=en&ei=GrtEStSJHsPZQaI04UT&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Naick,Nayak, Nayaka, Nayakar, Naicker, Naickan, Nayakkan. They are all derivatives of the original Sanskrit Nayaka, meaning a leader. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Nayak_(title) Naidu, Naidoo means leader. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Nayak_(title) Nair - Warrior caste, land managers and administrators. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nair Nambiar - Nair Sub-caste - Warrior class. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambiar_(Nair_subcaste) Napit - Barber caste. http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/N_0051.htm Nat - Entertainers. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBF-4BFXP752&_user=2822922&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000058881&_version= 1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2822922&md5=4185c09706603ab8792224607b1eeedf Natha - Headman. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=HdSABP70H9sC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=%22Nattan%22+% 22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=G3G1oFW9DC&sig=7uOnkIA4g31pPS20gy0JyJplmSs&hl=en&ei=2zIdSq 6rFoPI-Aang6nnBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Nattars were an administrative officials in the Tamil kingdoms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nattar Nai, Nau - muslim barber. http://books.google.com/books?id=76c1VSYnPE0C&pg=PA262&lpg=PA262&dq=%22nao%22+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=vh0ZYZC5SE&sig=H9eGIUj4uTK7ITwzC9j0aAE1hSA&hl=en&ei=GrtEStSJHsPZQaI04UT&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Navithan, Navithar (Tamil) - Barber caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=8QPtAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Navithar%22+%22barbar%22&dq=%22N avithar%22+%22barbar%22 Newar - Varios occupations - see link. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newar_Caste Neyalu - Andhra/Telegu Caste? Noonia, Nuniya, or Noniya are Lonia or Nunia, or Loniya, Nonia are from the Uppara caste (Salt and Lime preparers/workers). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppara Odayan- Of the Kapu (protector) Caste, Udayan or Odeyer is a title commonly used - agrarian community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Odda - Kallu Oddas are stone workers while Manu Oddas are earthworkers, Odda Balija were seafarers. http://books.google.com/books?id=bgpEIb4tNjgC&pg=PT66&lpg=PT66&dq=Odda+%22Caste%22&s ource=bl&ots=k0G68Kj7pT&sig=DnEHTzILUafTjAMytW1tAeIqa9U&hl=en&ei=WFQeSs_RLeOwtgek5d XsAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Odeyer - Of the Kapu (protector) Caste, Udayan or Odeyer is a title commonly used - agrarian community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Oilmonger -Chakkan, gandla, ganiga, sappaliga, telli, vaniyan? - The name Teli is given because of their profession of "making edible oil". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teli Ojha - A Caste of Gond augurs. Ojh meaning entrails. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA394&lpg=PA394&dq=%22Okkilyan%22 +%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=0Va3GbWySZ&sig=1yhxNqOkDuuFGxPD5wR0vTk0AEM&hl=en&ei=_ 2EeSo-2Dsuu_AbAks3JBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Okkilyan - synonym for Wakkaliga. Agriculturalists http://books.google.co.za/books?id=P_t3zmwNQVwC&pg=PA394&lpg=PA394&dq=%22Okkilyan%22 +%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=0Va3GbWySZ&sig=1yhxNqOkDuuFGxPD5wR0vTk0AEM&hl=en&ei=_ 2EeSo-2Dsuu_AbAks3JBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Oppara or Uppara meaning 'a person who works in salt'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppara Oriya - person from Orissa? Oriya (Language). http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Germany-toJamaica/Oriya.html Padayachi is one of the subsects of the Vanniyar caste. Traditionally Padayachis were foot soldiers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padayatchi Padmasali - Telugu weaver Caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padmashali Palaiyakkarar, poligar, polygar or palegar was the title for a class of territorial administrative cum military chiefs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaiyakkarar Palla- Agricultural labourers - Tamil. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallar Pallar or Pallan - a caste of agricultural labourers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallar Palli means a warrior. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanniyar Palli-Kapu means a warrior. Kapu in Telegu means to protect. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Pan - originally weavers. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080412024514AAvp2i9 Panaka is a sweet juicy syrup. - place as well. Panan - Tailors, magicians and conjurers. http://books.google.com/books?id=Erin3nkU3ZUC&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Panan++%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=1KYXzAvdmA&sig=MiliASGZvjj7aIeJszDjZRoZZB8&hl=en&ei=9acfSp3ABoTI-AbYY3NCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Panchama or Pancharam caste . Originally considered as Panchama or the fifth group beyond the four fold division of the caste system, untoucables, forbidden to worship/draw water as caste Hindus- usually lived in segregated main village. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit Pandaram - landowners and priests. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_caste_system Panday - Brahmin Caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandey Pangi - a tribal habitat in the Himalayas. http://books.google.com/books?id=UQUtQzPtC6wC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=Pangi+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=LjPXb6bCR2&sig=1_-FBfoneLY3_gNm_xgvWH8ngo8&hl=en&ei=YaMfSqrCLsKeAajqpCoCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 Panicker was derived from the Sanskrit word 'Parinayaka' meaning 'captain of warriors'. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicker Panisavan /Paniyan -literally means 'one who works or does service' - they carry news to the relations of the dead and also engaged in agriculture. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=Erin3nkU3ZUC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=pan%CC%A3iyan+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=1KYXzAsagz&sig=79E9uTU1AU4F5gzurusKwXgga4&hl=en&ei=1JofSpn4FtrRQbJ16S8CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8 Panjari - Muslim class - Andra Pradesh. http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/relipolcom13.nsf/5e7647d942f529c9e5256c3100376e2 e/8340c6909c2145f865256df0002554db/$FILE/Dudekula+Muslims+of+Andhra+Pradesh.pdf Panka - Dravidian Caste of weavers and labourers. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=CLTfRUOuQ1YC&pg=PA401&lpg=PA401&dq=%22Panka%22+%2 2Caste%22&source=bl&ots=pER79PuWdm&sig=v_y3zZkJ3aoygANOhLKM11eUtc&hl=en&ei=zpMeSt7HG4PK_ga9m43KBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=resu lt&resnum=2 Panna - grass cutters. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panna_caste Paravan - fishermen caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravan Paria, Pariya - Labourers in agrculture or industry - untouchables. Paraiyar denotes drum beaters as well as general agricultural labourers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraiyar Parisa - assemblies or orders - possibly Buddhists? http://www.greatwesternvehicle.org/ati_website/glossary.html Parsee or Parsi are members of the Zoroastrian community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsee Pasee, Pasi. Toddy-drawer, caste lives by tapping palm for its juice to make liquor. Pasi (noose or belt) by means of which palm is climbed. http://www.goudindia.com/Goud-Toddy-drawers.php Pathan - A Military group. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtun_people Pattanavan - fishing caste of Tamil Nadu. http://www.mapsofindia.com/tamilnadu/beaches/pulicat.html Patwa (pat meaning silk) - engaged is silk and cotton tread business. http://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1690&lpg=PA1690&dq=Patahar+%22Cas te%22&source=bl&ots=HFrhrbIcIL&sig=OSa8bBVE6zU64EpPFNKuhPXegg&hl=en&ei=YKwfSp7BNcqY-gaP5JCoCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Perika - gunny bag weavers -bags made of jute fibre. http://books.google.com/books?id=rffeWmj2JUC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=Periki+%22caste%22&source=bl&ots=5Be157AHQk&sig=3cm 0o0aZctlzV96VO3W6fWaI_tU&hl=en&ei=2ocjStz8OtnTQaLnIy7CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Pillai, Pillay, Pulle or Pilli - of Vellala Caste - agriculture and landlords. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillai Pinjari - Muslim class - Andra Pradesh. http://www.indiarightsonline.com/Sabrang/relipolcom13.nsf/5e7647d942f529c9e5256c3100376e2 e/8340c6909c2145f865256df0002554db/$FILE/Dudekula+Muslims+of+Andhra+Pradesh.pdf Poojali - Tamil Priests. http://www3.qeh.ox.ac.uk/pdf/qehwp/qehwps31.pdf Potters - of Kumhar, Kamhar, Kohar castes. http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/lsdeb/ls10/ses5/3027119204.htm Pulla - farmer? Pulla = stick , also Pulla = sour but not sweet. Could be Pallar caste - agriculturalists. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=J0gwZ_MBkmMC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=%22Pulla%22+%22 Caste%22&source=bl&ots=p9UpuxQYBl&sig=n7DqxeBjFOoEoYoieG1DQHUeTs&hl=en&ei=gIoeSq6LHYTE_QaAy9HKBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Pundarula - Telugu Caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/variouscensusin00unkngoog/variouscensusin00unkngoog_djvu.txt Pydee - Agricultural labour Caste. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Paidi+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=gk9bMbOiRa&sig=r9F9931OIRMCD1cSMNcoAkm7AV0&hl=en&ei=CJYfSpy9MM6wAas1eTSBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Rabari or Rewari - Rabari's main business used to be raising cattle, camels and goats. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabari Raidas or Ravidas(Saint) was of cobbler caste. http://vlex.in/vid/kishorilal-hans-raja-ram-singh-ors29690683 Rajbansi- Bengali caste. http://books.google.com/books?id=Yib9wsfFMdQC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=Rajhansi+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=VBWfojAFgn&sig=R4Cq4R88v56gHSzRKdKHTNo6luk&hl=en&ei=_9AjSr_gHJLNQbg-ZzZCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Rajbhur, Rajbhar - means the earth, hence labourers, traditionally warriors. http://www.archive.org/stream/notesonnorthwest00raikrich/notesonnorthwest00raikrich_djvu.txt Rajput - Initially a warrior clan but largely farmers and landowners. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajput Raju - Military tribe - raju comes from the Sanskrit word Raj or Raja meaning King. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajus Rajwar- a cultivating caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamwal Ramjani - Professional singers and dancers? http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=%22Ramjani%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmmEf46MP& sig=Pnon14zO3yIUrsJkom_pEaNrL1s&hl=en&ei=yYBpSpa9EJOZjAfipoCeCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct =result&resnum=10 Rastogi - craftsmen in gold. http://rastogimc.blogspot.com/ Rawat - herdsmen. http://books.google.com/books?id=yhV2DkrdNFkC&pg=PA391&lpg=PA391&dq=Rawat+%22Caste% 22&source=bl&ots=La5QyzObNv&sig=yRNjonoKQFnLo52vesToz-tjQ74&hl=en&ei=s6wjSsb2KpPNQb7_aSzCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Reddy, Reddi - Landowners and ruling class of ancient Telugu society. Many Reddys migrated to Tamilnadu centuries ago and formed a distinct community. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddy Rellie - Caste in Andra Pradesh - agriculture. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1998.pdf Roniyar - traders. http://www.vaishfederation.in/about-us/vaish-subcast.htm Sagidi - a toddy tapper community - make liquor from palm trees. http://books.google.com/books?id=eZfcbtn6byIC&pg=PA321&lpg=PA321&dq=%22Sagidi%22+%22C aste%22&source=bl&ots=Q57ITVb5S&sig=vpirL9qTL1jyerDB0vb4o7vfSy0&hl=en&ei=dismSrq3BcHMAbD9aC3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Saithwar, 'Sainthwar' word is derived from 'Sihat-war ' which simply means 'one who left Sihat' Rajasthan, Kashmir and Punjab states and settled in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Western Bihar. http://rithuakhor.tripod.com/rithuakhor.htm Sakala, Sakala or Chakla means a dhobi or washerman. http://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd3yL9h0C&pg=PA143&lpg=PA143&dq=%22Sakla%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=aCmiAf_dST&sig =qGzL_1DA1Pfn1TbtJfLEkTznyx4&hl=en&ei=1UgmSvCpA8XNAa4k6HNDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Sakkili - (Telugu ) Sakkiliar also Chakilli, Sakkili and Arunthathiyar - menial labourers - night soil removers. http://www.telugupedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Sakkiliar Sali, Saliya ,Chaliyan, Seniyar or Sale - Weavers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaliyan Saman means things, wares hence "one who deals in wares' http://members.cox.net/wgunasegaram/CH8.htm Samanta? - warriors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanta_Kshatriya Sanapathi / Sanapathy - a Telugu Caste - headman or chief resolves disputes etc. http://www.lankalibrary.com/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=4576 Sanar - Toddy drawers - extract juice from plam trees - a form of drink in days when no tea or coffee was available. http://www.thinnai.com/?module=displaystory&story_id=80612281&format=print Santal - initially hunters and food-gatherers later became a peasant society - agriculture. http://books.google.com/books?id=PBxOrV2oEtAC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=Santal+%22Caste%22 &source=bl&ots=uLlvGBk0Oo&sig=CZXccTmbD-0JTpiUpp4FcpLaOuk&hl=en&ei=5W8mSs-hEpvUQam_8nPDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Saora, Soura, Sowrah, Sora, Savara - caste of Orissa. http://books.google.com/books?id=qxxnZ4XxUbsC&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=%22Saura%22+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=fCJfLI3U6C&sig=3P4m2JYVe0oc3a2XpKXG5rQFzA&hl=en&ei=iDQmSsnuLMHQAbhoayvDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Satani - a caste of temple servants. https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no42351.htm Sayyid - descendants of Ali, son -in-law of Mohamed - Muslims. http://books.google.com/books?id=UQUtQzPtC6wC&pg=RA1-PA391&lpg=RA1PA391&dq=Sayad+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=LjPY617FQ6&sig=-HzWDNX5-NsS0BORfGUe8s8Iic&hl=en&ei=t3ImSu7hMMeA-AbIjtDPDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Sedar or Chedar - weavers. http://wapedia.mobi/en/Gadhavi Sembadava - fishing caste. http://articles.hosuronline.com/articleD.asp?pID=1068&PCat=31 Senguntha, Sengunthar - a warrior Caste. http://www.scribd.com/doc/5517432/SENGUNTHAR Serva or Agamudian - Agamudaiyan" or "Ahamudaiyan". " derived from the root aham, which, in Tamil, has many significations.In one of these, it means a house, in another earth, hence householder or landowner or agriculturalists http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mukkulathor Shanan - Warrior Caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadar_(caste) Shatria - Warrior Caste. http://correlator.sandbox.yahoo.net/index.php/people/Kshatriya Sheik - Muslim. Shepherd - Kuruba, Gorava, Ahir or Pal caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Shepherd+caste&fulltext=Sea rch Shoemaker -Leatherworker caste - any of Chambar, Chamaar, Chamar, (Teleugu cobblers (chura); Muchi, Giniya, Nakha, Charikara). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamar Sikari- Hunters. http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/YAVATMAL/people_castes.html Sikhism - followers of Guru Nanak. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543916/Sikhism/253170/The-rejection-of-caste Singalese - language? http://books.google.com/books?id=b0NEREFz8p0C&pg=RA1-PA116&lpg=RA1PA116&dq=Singalese+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=WJ4XU5sOPq&sig=3EdYh5vFdmtCysr3r3bSTAZ Yx3E&hl=en&ei=A-ooSr_-JIOy-QaZ8eX5CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Singh - derived from the Sanskrit word Simha meaning lion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singh Sirdar - Headman. Siviars are royal palanquin bearers. When referred to as Bestha Siviar then besthas are fishermen. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Caste_system_in_Sri_Lanka Sola weed which grows alongside rice is grown by the gardener caste -used to make sola hats or topis. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA389&lpg=RA1PA389&dq=Sola+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=emKCX8hES4&sig=hY1BvZwUQGbgvJhYOoTUbLiBU Y8&hl=en&ei=ZdwoSu9Fm4P4BpzrhIMJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10 Sonar - community of goldsmiths, silversmiths and jewellers. http://www.indianetzone.com/36/sonar_hindu_caste.htm Sudarman - an elder or headman. http://books.google.com/books?id=FnB3k8fx5oEC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22Sudarman%22+ %22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=KbdOr6INb-&sig=9S7xJTTRtZjyljDLE1g25K9o4w&hl=en&ei=yiolSuGSDsXF-QaY2vneBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Sudgope - landowners. http://books.google.com/books?id=r7ar3x8KAOsC&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=%22Sadgope%22+% 22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=14keZgZUiF&sig=l_Xdhll9fc0zZd6qq6_lfZsCDOM Sudra - servants and labourers - farmers, craftsmen and labourers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudra Sundhi, Sondhi, Sudi- is derived from the Sanskrit Shaundik, a spirit-seller or distillers of alcohol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudra Sweeper - could be any of Bhangi, Mihtar, Pore, Mahar, Valmiki castes. http://books.google.com/books?id=DUsxDMyv3fcC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=Mehtar+Bhangi&sour ce=bl&ots=0LyJVohsKZ&sig=I755a7I-lGGMcfi_s4LiB6xsYlU&hl=en&ei=-oFpSsrqItagjAf5uimCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Talayari - village watchmen. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=2qxsmrZLyUC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=Talayari+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=RxEabtxoI&sig=_aevtxu0fXRQJNJWL_rXiSnm8DQ&hl=en&ei=Nc0sSpuoH83MjAeDrunuCg&sa=X&oi=book_r esult&ct=result&resnum=4 Tali -Subdivision of the Kaikolins meaning "red dagger in the hand". http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA390&lpg=PA390&dq=%22Tali%22++%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p4S6bXCh&sig =mwYbB6NgIuNWhZpq3qaXqL5G_iY&hl=en&ei=XhIpStGOAYPHAaO_d3qCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Tamboli, Tamoli - A Caste of betel vine growers and betel leaf sellers. http://books.google.com/books?id=G6k03mvHoBwC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=Tamoli+%22Caste%2 2&source=bl&ots=NhH6m2VRax&sig=IztTvsVaGq0yNCt9yzz3VocYzhU&hl=en&ei=7vIoSpapAYPVAan373yCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Tantwa or Tanti - weavers. http://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzfBYC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=Tantwa+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=9i5rP9nfvp&sig=pk2BrukfZ pn2oG4ujzDPKWCHXn0&hl=en&ei=0A8pSrf1EMHL-AbQouTCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Telaga is a warrior sub caste or division of the Kapu, or Naidu community of Andhra Pradesh. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telaga Teli - The name Teli is given because of their profession of "making edible oil". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teli Thakur - Landowner/agriculturalist. http://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/mountain/book/5/3.html Thalayari - village watchmen. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=73msCkfD5V8C&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=%22Thalayari+%22Ca ste%22&source=bl&ots=jyTpXiwgP1&sig=M37lK3iJVOPa9cm7Ek1TStQH_oA&hl=en&ei=jeosSuvlMIq 2-Qahp5iBCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Thambar - part of Dhangar clan - shepherds. http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Dhangar Thandan or Thandar caste -tree climbing and coconut plucking are their traditional occupation. Their women folk engage in coconut palm leaf platting, rope making and also work as agricultural labourer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thandan Thapa - a Nepalese Tribe. http://books.google.com/books?id=AiU50pM_z6MC&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286&dq=Thapa+%22Caste %22&source=bl&ots=wF1A9Cw9vO&sig=h9WuEu7xCwGkDBKsUgUKroYNDA&hl=en&ei=kA0pSt_eFsS0Abfj7n2CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Thatera - Communities making ornaments, weapons, pottery and other labor-based items. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_caste_system Thattar- Goldsmiths. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=5AQcVvbHzdcC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Thattar%22%22C aste%22&source=bl&ots=NS-cBtnSWm&sig=jBR2rl8zb7ghs5pzYDpcOme9dQ&hl=en&ei=1v0sSvaDN8O9-Ab9-eWMCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Thavars - comprise of three roughly designated groups, Kallar, Maravar and Agamudaiyar, which make up the community. many of the members are still agriculturalists, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thevar Thenga means stick or coconut. http://cciori.org/binjigiri_1.htm Theva , Deva, Dewar caste (also known as ‘Kaibarta’) specifically refers to the fishing communities. http://insightjnu.blogspot.com/2005/09/dewar-caste-and-its-identity.html Thevanga - a Telugu Caste , Chetty among both Tamils and Telugus - agriculture and trade. http://www.4to40.com/newsat4/index.asp?id=2170&city=Coimbatore Thigalas also known as Thigalava or Thigalaru. Tigalas are a sub caste of the numerous Vanniar caste (largely farmers)of Tamil Nadu and Southern Andhra Pradesh. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigala Thiyan - Toddy tappers - make liquor from palm trees. http://books.google.com/books?id=nJMsr0FY50C&pg=PA324&lpg=PA324&dq=thiyan+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=i3p3S9fREm&sig=UuP7 BWcpv7F3ZgWimveLjK1uhSU&hl=en&ei=r1IaSoyqEcbGQa_3pXMDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Thiyas were traditionally employed as Farmers, Ayurveda Physicians, Warriors, and Traders, and were also involved in toddy tapping. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhava Thogata - Tailors and dyers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_castes Tholuvan - a Telugu Caste. http://www.archive.org/stream/variouscensusin00unkngoog/variouscensusin00unkngoog_djvu.txt Toddy tappers - make drink from palm trees in days when no tea or coffee was available. - Pausee or Sanar Caste? http://www.goudindia.com/Goud-Toddy-drawers.php Toty - sweeper in village, feeds cattle, and carry letters to/from officials. http://books.google.co.za/books?id=c8HQxY3h6EC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=%22Toty%22%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=YcaI2EPEaW&sig=HMMO LYGSX16l8aZBcqZ6i4aSS6I&hl=en&ei=-PEsSqjjJ9XTQaR2sTqCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Tulukkar - Muslim Tamils , traders etc. http://books.google.com/books?id=MTh4pixlifYC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=%22Tulukkar%22+%22C aste%22&source=bl&ots=k6scTsTuka&sig=JXcdzMzFJ001yQlx5V_5wExcnsg&hl=en&ei=oRkuSrJ61bu MB4H77ZAL&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Turha - Turaihas are also known as Turai, Turaha, Turahiya - fishermen tribe. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=113816&rog3=IN Tussah - probably weavers? http://books.google.com/books?id=7WEDVuzAFekC&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=%22Tussah%22++ %22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=k_H5hMYQlo&sig=4Ix9dtNyBLC5lbredMqZPX2zlSk&hl=en&ei=6BwpS pT5JITM-Aapv5D7CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Udayan - Of the Kapu (protector) Caste, Udayan or Odeyer is a title commonly used. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_(caste) Uppaaras , also called upara , uppara , upar are Agriculturalists. Uppara meaning is 'a person who works in salt' or a mason. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppara Vadugan - means "people from the north" - mostly engaged in toddy tapping, ayurvedic treatments. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaduge Vakkaliga - Animal husbandry, settled cultivation and horticulture are the traditional occupations of this community. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rog3=IN&rop3=113838 Valayan - fishermen. http://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzfBYC&pg=PA357&lpg=PA357&dq=Valaya+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=9i5rTdifwi&sig=HZVlID495lxuwKKH0tzPQN336M&hl=en&ei=C7MvSsXgN4XBAbsoJCBCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Valluvan are Astrologers and priests. http://www.saivaneri.org/pillais_or_pillay_origin_of_surname_pillai_or_pillay-treatise2.htm Vanniar or Vannia or vaniah is the title of a feudal chief of medieval Sri Lanka. - largely farmers (Tamil). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanniar_(Chieftain) Veddas were originally hunter-gatherers. They used bows and arrows to hunt game, and also gathered wild plants and honey. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedda Velama or Elama is one of the older feudal castes or social groups in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Mostly farmers though initially warriors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velama Vellalans or Velalars are a caste of Tamil agricultural landlords in the states of Tamil Nadu. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellalar Vettaikkaaran or Vettaikaran, meaning "hunter" in Tamil, Vettuvan in Telugu means hunter as well. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vettaikkaran Vettuvan - hunters. http://www.telugupedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Mudiraju Villi or Villiya means a 'bow-man' or hunter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodiya Vithava - a widow or person who gave up or postphoned marriage. http://forumhub.mayyam.com/hub/viewtopic.php?p=36174 Vodda, Vaddar or Odda -divided into Kalu (Stone), Manu(earth) and Uppa (salt) workers. http://books.google.com/books?id=k-C9xHsSnEC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=%22Vodda%22+%22Caste%22&source=bl&ots=QNQBvKJgo&sig=PXWn_Ql4MXZsKr5dRBUDhlhh5QI&hl=en&ei=xYcvSrKyF4PSjAens7GXCw&sa=X&oi= book_result&ct=result&resnum=7 Vorya - Tamil Caste name. Vysia - trading caste. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vysya Waiter - Usually were special servants. Washerman - The Dhoby or Dhobi caste are Washermen. http://www.indianetzone.com/31/dhobi_washerman_caste.htm Weaver (Sali, Saliya, Jolaha ,Chaliyan, Devanga or similar caste). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanga Woopara, Uppaaras , also called upara , uppara , upar are Agriculturalists. Uppara meaning is 'a person who works in salt' or a mason. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppara Yadavs were known for their bravery and diplomatic wisdom (Governance). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadav Yanadi or Yenadi - The Yanadi are located in Andhra Pradesh, southern India. They speak Yanadi, which belongs to the Telugu language family.The Yanadi are mainly rural farmers, http://www.prayway.com/unreached/peoplegroups2/1489.html Yata - Toddy tappers - make drink from palm trees in days when no tea or coffee was available. Are also weavers of mats and baskets, made from the palm leaf. http://www.goudindia.com/GoudToddy-drawers.php Yediga, Edigas or Idigas? are people living mainly in Karnataka.Edigas are involved in soma and Ayurvedic medicine in ancient days and later as toddy-tappers of palm trees to make liquor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiga Yenadi , Yanadi are located in Andhra Pradesh, southern India. They speak Yanadi, which belongs to the Telugu language family.The Yanadi are mainly rural farmers. http://www.prayway.com/unreached/peoplegroups2/1489.html Yerukala, Erukala, or Kurru. They are called as ‘Yerukula’ in Andhra Pradesh after their women’s traditional profession of fortune telling (Eruka cheputa) - Initially hunters and gatherers. Later agriculturalists, petty traders in mats, ropes etc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerukala Zamindar - A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamindari_system